This is a "plugin" for the Video Disk Recorder (VDR).

Written by:                  Lars Hanisch <dvb@flensrocker.de>

Project's homepage:          https://github.com/flensrocker/vdr-plugin-dbus2vdr

Latest version available at: git://github.com/flensrocker/vdr-plugin-dbus2vdr.git

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
See the file COPYING for more information.

Description:
This plugin will expose some methods via DBus to control the vdr.

Installation
------------
dbus2vdr will use the system bus so your box has to be configured that the user
in which context your vdr is running is allowed to connect to it.
Copy the de.tvdr.vdr.conf file to /etc/dbus-1/system.d and adjust it to your needs.
It is prepared that only the user 'vdr' can own the used destination and every user
can call its methods.

In the bin-directory you find a helper script for sending dbus messages to the vdr.
Instead of calling:
  dbus-send --system --type=method_call --dest=de.tvdr.vdr \
            --print-reply /Plugins/<pluginname> \
            de.tvdr.vdr.plugin.SVDRPCommand string:'command' string:'parameter'

you can call:
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Plugins/<pluginname> plugin.SVDRPCommand string:'command' string:'parameter'

Dependencies
------------
Debian/Ubuntu packages:
libdbus-1-dev, libglib2.0-dev, pkg-config, libjpeg-dev, libpng++-dev

Restrictions
------------
Objectpaths and interface names are restricted to some naming conventions. Only letters, numbers
and the underscore are allowed. DBus doesn't provide any official escaping, so dbus2vdr won't do it.
The only part of the names, which could contain other symbols are name of plugins. But "officially"
there are also no other characters than letters and numbers allowed. And I only knew about
streamdev-server/-client which break this rule. I think they should get fixed...

Multi Instance Support
----------------------
The default destination address is "de.tvdr.vdr". In case of a vdr version above 1.7.4 and an
instance id (vdr parameter -i) greater than 0, this instance id is appended to this address,
e.g. "de.tvdr.vdr1". If you use this feature you have to clone the dbus-policy file and change
the address. For vdr-dbus-send.sh set the environment variable VDR_ID to the instance id - e.g.:
VDR_ID=1 vdr-dbus-send.sh /Status status.IsReplaying

Commandline Arguments
---------------------
-s, --shutdown-hooks=/path/to/shutdown-hooks
        uses all files in the given directory as shutdown-hooks
        usually it's /usr/share/vdr/shutdown-hooks
-w, --shutdown-hooks-wrapper=/path/to/shutdown-hooks-wrapper
        path to a program that will call the shutdown-hooks with suid
-o, --osd
        creates an OSD-provider which will save the OSD as PNG files
        (see comments below at section "OSD")
--systemd
        use sd_notify to notify systemd
-u, --upstart
        enable Upstart started/stopped events
-n, --network
        enable network support
        (see comments below at section "Network")
--session
        connect to the session D-Bus daemon
--no-system
        don't connect to the system D-Bus daemon
--no-mainloop
        don't start GMainLoop
        (don't use this option if you don't understand)
--nulldevice[=force]
        creates an output device, which does nothing
        can be activated to suspend in/output of DVB streams
        if "force" dbus2vdr will set this device as primary device on startup

Interface "channel"
-------------------
- get count of channels
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Channels channel.Count

- get current channel
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Channels channel.Current

- get channels between from_index and to_index
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Channels channel.GetFromTo int32:from_index int32:to_index

- list channels like SVDRP command CHAN
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Channels channel.List string:'[ :groups | <number> | <name> | <id> ]'

  The returned array contains the channel number and the string from the channels.conf.

Interface "device"
-------------------
- get current primary device
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Devices device.GetPrimary

- get index of the nulldevice (-1 if not created)
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Devices device.GetNullDevice

- request switch to primary device
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Devices device.RequestPrimary int32:index

- list devices
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Devices device.List

  The returned array contains the device index, number, a boolean value "hasDecoder",
  a boolean value "isPrimary" and the name of the device.

Interface "epg"
---------------
- disable EIT scanner with timeout (default: 3600)
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.DisableScanner int32:3600

- enable EIT scanner
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.EnableScanner

- clear EPG data with a value for inactivity timeout of eit-scanner (default: 10)
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.ClearEPG string:'channel' int32:10

- add EPG entry
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.PutEntry array:string:'C ...','E ...',...

  The end marker argument '.' will be added if not provided.

- read EPG data from file
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.PutFile string:'/path/to/epg/data'

- get current or next event of given or all channels if string is empty
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.Now string:'channel'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.Next string:'channel'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /EPG epg.At string:'channel' uint64:time

  The events are returned as an array of structs.
  Each struct contains a string as a key and a variant as its value.
  Possible keys and their variant type are:
  ChannelID      string
  EventID        uint32
  Title          string
  ShortText      string
  Description    string
  StartTime      uint64
  EndTime        uint64
  Duration       uint64
  Vps            uint64
  RunningStatus  int32
  ParentalRating int32
  ContentID[i]   int32  (0 <= i <= MaxEventContents)
  Content[i]     string (0 <= i <= MaxEventContents)

Interface "plugin"
------------------
If a plugin's name contains a hyphen, it will be replaced with an underscore in its
object-path, e.g. streamdev-server will be found at /Plugins/streamdev_server.

- send SVDRP commands to plugins
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Plugins/<pluginname> plugin.SVDRPCommand string:'command' string:'parameter'

If the SVDRP command doesn't take a parameter you must pass an empty string.

- call Service method of plugins
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Plugins/<pluginname> plugin.Service string:'id' string:'data'

Interface "pluginmanager"
------------------
- list all loaded plugins
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Plugins pluginmanager.List
  You'll get an array of structs containing two strings, the name and the version of the plugins.

Interface "recording"
---------------------
- trigger an update of the list of recordings
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.Update

- get info about one recording
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.Get [ variant:int32:number | variant:string:'path' ]

  The following is returned:
  struct of
    int32  number of recording
    array of
      string   key
      variant  value

  possible keys: Path, Name, Title, Start, Deleted, Priority, Lifetime,
  HierarchyLevels, FramesPerSecond, NumFrames, LengthInSeconds, FileSizeMB,
  IsPesRecording, IsNew, IsEdited
  If an cRecordingInfo object exists there can also be:
  Info/ChannelID, Info/ChannelName, Info/Title, Info/ShortText, Info/Description,
  Info/Aux, Info/FramesPerSecond
  If the info object has components there might be:
  Info/Component/<nr>/stream, Info/Component/<nr>/type, Info/Component/<nr>/language,
  Info/Component/<nr>/description

- list recordings
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.List

  returned is an array of the same structs as with "Get".
  
- play recording given by path or number
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.Play [ variant:int32:number | variant:string:'path' ] [ variant:string:'hh:mm:ss.f' | variant:int32:framenumber ]
  
  If framenumber is -1, playing is resumed at the last saved position.

If your vdr is patched with the "extra video directories" patch there are also the following methods.

- add extra video directory
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.AddExtraVideoDirectory string:directory

  Don't forget to manually update your recordings after adding all directories.

- clear extra video directories list
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.ClearExtraVideoDirectories

- delete an extra video directory
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.DeleteExtraVideoDirectory string:directory

- list all extra video directories
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Recordings recording.ListExtraVideoDirectories

  Besides the usual reply-code and -message you get an array of strings with the
  currently present video directories.

Interface "remote"
------------------
- enable/disable the remote
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.Enable
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.Disable
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.Status

- hit a key, you may specify more than one key
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.HitKey string:'Menu'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.HitKeys array:string:'Menu','Down','Down','Ok',...

- display list of strings on the osd and let the user select one
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.AskUser string:'title' array:string:'item 1','item 2',...

  The zero-based index of the selected item will be returned with the signal "AskUserSelect",
  the first parameter is the title-string, the second the index.
  An index of -1 means, no item is selected (or osd closed because of a timeout).

- open the main menu entry of a plugin
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.CallPlugin string:'name-of-plugin'

- switch channel like SVDRP command CHAN
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.SwitchChannel string:'[ + | - | <number> | <name> | <id> ]'

- get/set volume like SVDRP command VOLU
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.GetVolume
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.SetVolume variant:string:'[ <number> | + | - | mute ]'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Remote remote.SetVolume variant:int32:<number>

  return type:
  - int32   with the current volume
  - bool    with the current mute status
  additional return values at SetVolume:
  - int32   reply code
  - string  reply message

Interface "setup"
-----------------
- list all parameters from setup.conf
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.List

  return type is an array of structs containing a string and a variant.
  The string contains the key of the line from the setup.conf.
  The variant can be:
  - struct of three integers "(iii)":
    value of the option and its min and max values
  - struct of string and integer "(si)":
    value of the option and its max length (-1 for unknown)
  - 64bit integer "x":
    value of the option (timestamp)

- get parameters from setup.conf
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Get string:'MinUserInactivity'

- set parameters to setup.conf
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Set string:'MinUserInactivity' variant:int32:0
  Some parameters are known to be integers (look at setup.c) with a valid
  range. All others are handled as strings.
  WARNING: Be careful to set values unknown to dbus2vdr. It will trigger a reload
  of the whole setup.conf including calls to SetupParse of every plugin.
  This might have unexpected side effects!

- delete parameters from setup.conf
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Del string:'PrimaryLimit'

You may also get/set/delete parameters for plugins with
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Get string:'pluginname.parameter'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Set string:'pluginname.parameter' variant:string:'value'
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Del string:'pluginname.parameter'
but it is not guaranteed that it will work and that changes will affect the plugin's
behaviour immediately.
dbus2vdr will call the plugin's "SetupParse" function. If it returns true the value
is stored in the setup.conf. You may need to restart vdr.

- delete all settings of one plugin
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Setup setup.Del string:'pluginname.*'

Interface "shutdown"
--------------------
- ask vdr if it is ready for shutdown
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Shutdown shutdown.ConfirmShutdown boolean:true
  possible reply codes:
    250: vdr is ready for shutdown
    550: vdr is not ready for shutdown (unknown reason)
    901: user is active
    902: cutter is active
    903: recording is active
    904: recording is active in the near future
    905: some plugin is active
    906: some plugin will wakeup vdr in the near future
    990: (reply message contains SHUTDOWNCMD)
    991: (reply message contains TRY_AGAIN of the shutdown-hooks)
    992: (reply message contains ABORT_MESSAGE of the shutdown-hooks)
    999: shutdown-hook returned a non-zero exit code

  You may shutdown vdr on reply codes 250 and 990.
  If SHUTDOWNCMD is given use this command for shutdown.
  'shutdown-wrapper' is a tool which calls the shutdown-hooks.
  If the hooks need elevated privileges set the SUID bit of the wrapper accordingly.
  The boolean argument "ignoreuser" will ignore user activity. This may be
  useful for external frontends like XBMC etc..

- ask if user is active
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Shutdown shutdown.IsUserActive
  This is a more efficient way to check if the user is active than using ConfirmShutdown,
  because the shutdown hooks won't be executed if the user is inactive.

- ask if vdr was started manually
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Shutdown shutdown.ManualStart
  Actually it compares the startup time of vdr with the current set NextWakeupTime.
  If the startup time is around the NextWakeupTime (600 seconds) "true" will be returned.
  Remember that NextWakeupTime may change while vdr is running.

- get timestamp of next wakeup
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Shutdown shutdown.NextWakeupTime
  Returns the starttime of the next timer or the next plugin.
  Remember that NextWakeupTime may change while vdr is running.

- set vdr to non-interactive mode
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Shutdown shutdown.SetUserInactive

Interface "skin"
----------------
- display a message at the OSD
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Skin skin.QueueMessage string:'message text'

- get information about available skins
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Skin skin.ListSkins
  You will get an array of index, name and description.

- get information about current skin
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Skin skin.CurrentSkin
  You will get the index, name and description.

- set the current skin
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Skin skin.SetSkin string:'name'

Interface "status"
------------------
Via the status interface the signals from vdr's cStatus class will be emitted.
See <vdr/status.h> for more information about the parameters.

- "ChannelSwitch"
    int32  DeviceNumber
    int32  ChannelNumber
    bool   LiveView

- "Recording"
    int32  DeviceNumber
    string Name
    string FileName
    bool   On

- "Replaying"
    string Name
    string FileName
    bool   On

- "SetAudioChannel"
    int32  AudioChannel

- "SetAudioTrack"
    int32  Index
    array:string Tracks

- "SetSubtitleTrack"
    int32  Index
    array:string Tracks

- "SetVolume"
    int32   Volume
    boolean Absolute

- "TimerChange"
    string Timer
    string Change (may be "tcMod", "tcAdd" or "tcDel")

And there are the following methods on the status interface.
- is vdr replaying a recording
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Status status.IsReplaying
  It returns the name, filename and a boolean value like the signal "Replaying".

Interface "timer"
-----------------
- list all timers as an array of strings like SVDRP command LSTT
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Timers timer.List

- list all timers as an array of structs
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Timers timer.ListDetailed

  The following fields are returned:
    int32   id
    string  remote (with vdr >= 2.3.1)
    uint32  flags
    string  channel-id
    string  day/weekdays
    int32   start
    int32   stop
    int32   priority
    int32   lifetime
    string  filename
    string  aux
    uint32  event-id
    boolean recording
    boolean pending
    boolean in vps margin

- get infos about the next timer
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Timers timer.Next

  The following is returned:
    int32   reply code (250 for success, 550 on error)
    int32   timer id (-1 if there's no timer at all)
    int32   'rel' seconds (see SVDRP NEXT REL)
    uint64  starttime in seconds since epoch (time_t format)
    uint64  stoptime in seconds since epoch (time_t format)
    string  title of the event

- add new timer
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Timers timer.New string:'timer'

  The following is returned:
    int32   reply code (250 for success, 501 on error)
    string  reply message

- delete a timer
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /Timers timer.Delete int32:number

  The following is returned:
    int32   reply code (250 for success, 501 on error, 550 on recording/editing)
    string  reply message

Interface "vdr"
-----------------
- get status of vdr
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /vdr vdr.Status

  The following is returned:
    string  "Start", "Ready", "Stop" or "Unknown"

  Through the lifetime of dbus2vdr there are three signals which are sent
  via this interface. The instance-id of the vdr is sent as the first
  argument, type is int32.

  "Start": is sent when cPlugin::Start is called
  "Ready": is sent when cPlugin::MainThreadHook is called the first time
  "Stop" : is sent when cPlugin::Stop is called

Plugin-Service calls
--------------------
Right after the start of the default GMainLoop all plugins are called with
"dbus2vdr-MainLoopStarted"
Just before the main loop quits, all plugins are called with
"dbus2vdr-MainLoopStopped"

Network
-------
If started with the parameter "--network" dbus2vdr expects a file
"network-address.conf" in its plugin config directory. Its contents
should contain a string representing a dbus-address like printed
of "dbus-daemon --print-address". There must be only one connection
string with the method "tcp".
A sample configuration for this special dbus-daemon can be found at
etc/network.conf. There's also a sample Upstart job at etc/dbus2vdr.conf.
This job should run as a user job, not as a system job, since it's
reachable from the net.
Interfaces must explicitly be enabled to listen on the network monitor.
For now a subset of the status, timer and recording interface is implemented.
(work in progress, must be documented...)

OSD
---
If started with the parameter "--osd" dbus2vdr will create an OSD-provider.
If you have another output plugin running, this is not recommended since it may
override its OSD-provider. For now it's just for fun (or a headless vdr).
If the vdr opens an OSD, dbus2vdr will dump the pixmap to a PNG file and signals this.
Every change at the OSD will generate another PNG and signal. If the OSD closes all
files will be deleted.
Every image between "Open" and "Close" has to be displayed on top of its predecessors.

- create the DBus-OSD-provider on the fly
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /OSD osd.CreateProvider

- delete the DBus-OSD-provider and reinstantiate the OSD-provider of the primary device
  vdr-dbus-send.sh /OSD osd.DeleteProvider

interface: de.tvdr.vdr.osd
path: /OSD

signal: Open
parameter: osd-id   (string, actually the path where the PNGs will be stored)
           left     (int32, left position of OSD)
           top      (int32, top position of OSD)

signal: Display
parameter: filename (string)
           left     (int32)
           top      (int32)
           vx       (int32, x-coordinate of dirty part relative to left)
           vy       (int32, y-coordinate of dirty part relative to top)

signal: Close
parameter: osd-id   (string)

You can watch the signals with (or write your own program):
  dbus-monitor --system "type='signal',sender='de.tvdr.vdr',interface='de.tvdr.vdr.osd'"

Since the DBus signals are not really "fast" the files may not exist anymore if you
receive them.

Systemd
-------
When all plugins are started and dbus2vdr enters the first time the "MainThreadHook"
it can notify systemd with a sd_notify call and "READY=1". systemd will then know that
vdr has been fully initialised and dependant services can be started.
You have to use "Type=notify" at the service definition file.

Upstart
-------
When all plugins are started and dbus2vdr enters the first time the "MainThreadHook"
it raises SIGSTOP so Upstart knows vdr has been fully initialized.

If you want to start vdr whenever a client tries to access de.tvdr.vdr on DBus
you can create a DBus service file like
/usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/de.tvdr.vdr-upstart.service
with the following content:
[D-BUS Service]
Name=de.tvdr.vdr
Exec=/bin/true
UpstartJob=true

Your vdr-upstart-job has to "start on dbus-activation de.tvdr.vdr".
If you don't use Upstart "Exec" has to point to your "runvdr" or whatever you use and
you can omit the "UpstartJob=true" line.

Using the Python binding
------------------------
First, I don't know Python at all, I just copy code fragments from the Python Binding Tutorial [1]
and replace the sample strings with dbus2vdr related ones. I hope everybody familiar with Python
will know what to do...

  import dbus
  bus = dbus.SystemBus()
  Timers = bus.get_object('de.tvdr.vdr', '/Timers')
  props = Timers.Next(dbus_interface = 'de.tvdr.vdr.timer')
  # props is now a tuple with data like mentioned above

How to implement new interfaces
-------------------------------
- add the interface name to common.h
- create a subclass of cDBusObject and pass the object path and introspection data
  to its base constructor
- call AddMethod for all supported methods
- add the object to the desired connections (system, session, network)

Notes to myself
---------------
to use dbus in a ssh-shell:
look at ~/.dbus/session-bus/`dbus-uuidgen-get`-... and export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

Links
-----
[1] http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-python/doc/tutorial.txt