void Hamming_Code::decode(const bvec &coded_bits, bvec &decoded_bits)
{
int length = coded_bits.length();
int Itterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(length) / n);
ivec Hindexes(n);
bvec temp(n - k);
bvec coded(n), syndrome(n - k);
int isynd, errorpos = 0;
int i, j;
decoded_bits.set_size(Itterations*k, false);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n - k; j++)
temp(j) = H(j, i);
Hindexes(i) = bin2dec(temp);
}
//Decode all codewords
for (i = 0; i < Itterations; i++) {
coded = coded_bits.mid(i * n, n);
syndrome = H * coded;
isynd = bin2dec(syndrome);
if (isynd != 0) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
if (Hindexes(j) == isynd) {
errorpos = j;
};
coded(errorpos) += 1;
}
decoded_bits.replace_mid(k*i, coded.right(k));
}
}
void Rec_Syst_Conv_Code::encode_tail(const bvec &input, bvec &tail, bmat &parity_bits)
{
int i, j, length = input.size(), target_state;
parity_bits.set_size(length+m, n-1, false);
tail.set_size(m, false);
encoder_state = 0;
for (i=0; i<length; i++) {
for (j=0; j<(n-1); j++) {
parity_bits(i,j) = output_parity(encoder_state,2*j+int(input(i)));
}
encoder_state = state_trans(encoder_state,int(input(i)));
}
// add tail of m=K-1 zeros
for (i=0; i<m; i++) {
target_state = (encoder_state<<1) & ((1<<m)-1);
if (state_trans(encoder_state,0)==target_state) { tail(i) = bin(0); } else { tail(i) = bin(1); }
for (j=0; j<(n-1); j++) {
parity_bits(length+i,j) = output_parity(encoder_state,2*j+int(tail(i)));
}
encoder_state = target_state;
}
terminated = true;
}
void Hamming_Code::encode(const bvec &uncoded_bits, bvec &coded_bits)
{
int length = uncoded_bits.length();
int Itterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(length) / k);
bmat Gt = G.T();
int i;
coded_bits.set_size(Itterations * n, false);
//Code all codewords
for (i = 0; i < Itterations; i++)
coded_bits.replace_mid(n*i, Gt * uncoded_bits.mid(i*k, k));
}
void Reed_Solomon::encode(const bvec &uncoded_bits, bvec &coded_bits)
{
int i, j, iterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(uncoded_bits.length())
/ (k * m));
GFX mx(q, k), cx(q, n);
GFX r(n + 1, n - k);
GFX uncoded_shifted(n + 1, n);
GF mpow;
bvec mbit(k * m), cbit(m);
coded_bits.set_size(iterations * n * m, false);
if (systematic)
for (i = 0; i < n - k; i++)
uncoded_shifted[i] = GF(n + 1, -1);
for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
//Fix the message polynom m(x).
for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
mpow.set(q, uncoded_bits.mid((i * m * k) + (j * m), m));
mx[j] = mpow;
if (systematic) {
cx[j] = mx[j];
uncoded_shifted[j + n - k] = mx[j];
}
}
//Fix the outputbits cbit.
if (systematic) {
r = modgfx(uncoded_shifted, g);
for (j = k; j < n; j++) {
cx[j] = r[j - k];
}
}
else {
cx = g * mx;
}
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
cbit = cx[j].get_vectorspace();
coded_bits.replace_mid((i * n * m) + (j * m), cbit);
}
}
}
inline void lsr::set_length(int N) {memory.set_size(N, true);}
bool Reed_Solomon::decode(const bvec &coded_bits, const ivec &erasure_positions, bvec &decoded_message, bvec &cw_isvalid)
{
bool decoderfailure, no_dec_failure;
int j, i, kk, l, L, foundzeros, iterations = floor_i(static_cast<double>(coded_bits.length()) / (n * m));
bvec mbit(m * k);
decoded_message.set_size(iterations * k * m, false);
cw_isvalid.set_length(iterations);
GFX rx(q, n - 1), cx(q, n - 1), mx(q, k - 1), ex(q, n - 1), S(q, 2 * t), Xi(q, 2 * t), Gamma(q), Lambda(q),
Psiprime(q), OldLambda(q), T(q), Omega(q);
GFX dummy(q), One(q, (char*)"0"), Omegatemp(q);
GF delta(q), tempsum(q), rtemp(q), temp(q), Xk(q), Xkinv(q);
ivec errorpos;
if ( erasure_positions.length() ) {
it_assert(max(erasure_positions) < iterations*n, "Reed_Solomon::decode: erasure position is invalid.");
}
no_dec_failure = true;
for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
decoderfailure = false;
//Fix the received polynomial r(x)
for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
rtemp.set(q, coded_bits.mid(i * n * m + j * m, m));
rx[j] = rtemp;
}
// Fix the Erasure polynomial Gamma(x)
// and replace erased coordinates with zeros
rtemp.set(q, -1);
ivec alphapow = - ones_i(2);
Gamma = One;
for (j = 0; j < erasure_positions.length(); j++) {
rx[erasure_positions(j)] = rtemp;
alphapow(1) = erasure_positions(j);
Gamma *= (One - GFX(q, alphapow));
}
//Fix the syndrome polynomial S(x).
S.clear();
for (j = 1; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
S[j] = rx(GF(q, b + j - 1));
}
// calculate the modified syndrome polynomial Xi(x) = Gamma * (1+S) - 1
Xi = Gamma * (One + S) - One;
// Apply Berlekam-Massey algorithm
if (Xi.get_true_degree() >= 1) { //Errors in the received word
// Iterate to find Lambda(x), which hold all error locations
kk = 0;
Lambda = One;
L = 0;
T = GFX(q, (char*)"-1 0");
while (kk < 2 * t) {
kk = kk + 1;
tempsum = GF(q, -1);
for (l = 1; l <= L; l++) {
tempsum += Lambda[l] * Xi[kk - l];
}
delta = Xi[kk] - tempsum;
if (delta != GF(q, -1)) {
OldLambda = Lambda;
Lambda -= delta * T;
if (2 * L < kk) {
L = kk - L;
T = OldLambda / delta;
}
}
T = GFX(q, (char*)"-1 0") * T;
}
// Find the zeros to Lambda(x)
errorpos.set_size(Lambda.get_true_degree());
foundzeros = 0;
for (j = q - 2; j >= 0; j--) {
if (Lambda(GF(q, j)) == GF(q, -1)) {
errorpos(foundzeros) = (n - j) % n;
foundzeros += 1;
if (foundzeros >= Lambda.get_true_degree()) {
break;
}
}
}
if (foundzeros != Lambda.get_true_degree()) {
decoderfailure = true;
}
else { // Forney algorithm...
//Compute Omega(x) using the key equation for RS-decoding
Omega.set_degree(2 * t);
Omegatemp = Lambda * (One + Xi);
for (j = 0; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
Omega[j] = Omegatemp[j];
}
//Find the error/erasure magnitude polynomial by treating them the same
Psiprime = formal_derivate(Lambda*Gamma);
errorpos = concat(errorpos, erasure_positions);
ex.clear();
for (j = 0; j < errorpos.length(); j++) {
Xk = GF(q, errorpos(j));
Xkinv = GF(q, 0) / Xk;
// we calculate ex = - error polynomial, in order to avoid the
// subtraction when recunstructing the corrected codeword
ex[errorpos(j)] = (Xk * Omega(Xkinv)) / Psiprime(Xkinv);
if (b != 1) { // non-narrow-sense code needs corrected error magnitudes
int correction_exp = ( errorpos(j)*(1-b) ) % n;
ex[errorpos(j)] *= GF(q, correction_exp + ( (correction_exp < 0) ? n : 0 ));
}
}
//Reconstruct the corrected codeword.
// instead of subtracting the error/erasures, we calculated
// the negative error with 'ex' above
cx = rx + ex;
//Code word validation
S.clear();
for (j = 1; j <= 2 * t; j++) {
S[j] = cx(GF(q, b + j - 1));
}
if (S.get_true_degree() >= 1) {
decoderfailure = true;
}
}
}
else {
cx = rx;
decoderfailure = false;
}
//Find the message polynomial
mbit.clear();
if (decoderfailure == false) {
if (cx.get_true_degree() >= 1) { // A nonzero codeword was transmitted
if (systematic) {
for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
mx[j] = cx[j];
}
}
else {
mx = divgfx(cx, g);
}
for (j = 0; j <= mx.get_true_degree(); j++) {
mbit.replace_mid(j * m, mx[j].get_vectorspace());
}
}
}
else { //Decoder failure.
// for a systematic code it is better to extract the undecoded message
// from the received code word, i.e. obtaining a bit error
// prob. p_b << 1/2, than setting all-zero (p_b = 1/2)
if (systematic) {
mbit = coded_bits.mid(i * n * m, k * m);
}
else {
mbit = zeros_b(k);
}
no_dec_failure = false;
}
decoded_message.replace_mid(i * m * k, mbit);
cw_isvalid(i) = (!decoderfailure);
}
return no_dec_failure;
}