utils.c

/*
Miscellaneous utility functions.

Copyright (C) 2006-2010  Rob Hess <hess@eecs.oregonstate.edu>

@version 1.1.2-20100521
*/

/*
  此文件中实现了图像的基本操作函数:
1、获取某位置的像素点
2、设置某位置的像素点（8位，32位和64位），
3、计算两点之间的距离的平方
4、在图片某一点画一个“X”
5、将两张图片合成为一个，高是二者之和，宽是二者的较大者。img1 在左上角，img2在右下角。
*/

#include "utils.h"

#include <cv.h>
#include <cxcore.h>
#include <highgui.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


/*************************** Function Definitions ****************************/


/*
Prints an error message and aborts the program.  The error message is
of the form "Error: ...", where the ... is specified by the \a format
argument

@param format an error message format string (as with \c printf(3)).
*/
void fatal_error(char* format, ...)
{
    //va_list ap;

	fprintf( stderr, "Error: ");

 //   va_start( ap, format );
    //vfprintf( stderr, format, ap );
 //   va_end( ap );
	fprintf( stderr, "\n" );
	abort();
}


/*
Replaces a file's extension, which is assumed to be everything after the
last dot ('.') character.

@param file the name of a file

@param extn a new extension for \a file; should not include a dot (i.e.
	\c "jpg", not \c ".jpg") unless the new file extension should contain
	two dots.

@return Returns a new string formed as described above.  If \a file does
	not have an extension, this function simply adds one.
*/
char* replace_extension( const char* file, const char* extn )
{
	char* new_file, * lastdot;

	new_file = calloc( strlen( file ) + strlen( extn ) + 2,  sizeof( char ) );
	strcpy( new_file, file );
	lastdot = strrchr( new_file, '.' );
	if( lastdot )
		*(lastdot + 1) = '\0';
	else
		strcat( new_file, "." );
	strcat( new_file, extn );

	return new_file;
}


/*
A function that removes the path from a filename.  Similar to the Unix
basename command.

@param pathname a (full) path name

@return Returns the basename of \a pathname.
*/
char* basename1( const char* pathname )
{
	char* base, * last_slash;

	last_slash = strrchr( pathname, '/' );
	if( ! last_slash )
	{
		base = calloc( strlen( pathname ) + 1, sizeof( char ) );
		strcpy( base, pathname );
	}
	else
	{
		base = calloc( strlen( last_slash++ ), sizeof( char ) );
		strcpy( base, last_slash );
	}

	return base;
}


/*
Displays progress in the console with a spinning pinwheel.  Every time this
function is called, the state of the pinwheel is incremented.  The pinwheel
has four states that loop indefinitely: '|', '/', '-', '\'.

@param done if 0, this function simply increments the state of the pinwheel;
	otherwise it prints "done"
*/
void progress( int done )
{
	char state[4] = { '|', '/', '-', '\\' };
	static int cur = -1;

	if( cur == -1 )
		fprintf( stderr, "  " );

	if( done )
	{
		fprintf( stderr, "\b\bdone\n");
		cur = -1;
	}
	else
	{
		cur = ( cur + 1 ) % 4;
		fprintf( stdout, "\b\b%c ", state[cur] );
		fflush(stderr);
	}
}


/*
Erases a specified number of characters from a stream.

@param stream the stream from which to erase characters
@param n the number of characters to erase
*/
void erase_from_stream( FILE* stream, int n )
{
	int j;
	for( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
		fprintf( stream, "\b" );
	for( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
		fprintf( stream, " " );
	for( j = 0; j < n; j++ )
		fprintf( stream, "\b" );
}


/*
Doubles the size of an array with error checking

@param array pointer to an array whose size is to be doubled
@param n number of elements allocated for \a array
@param size size in bytes of elements in \a array

@return Returns the new number of elements allocated for \a array.  If no
	memory is available, returns 0 and frees array.
*/
int array_double( void** array, int n, int size )
{
	void* tmp;

	tmp = realloc( *array, 2 * n * size );
	if( ! tmp )
	{
		fprintf( stderr, "Warning: unable to allocate memory in array_double(),"
				" %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__ );
		if( *array )
			free( *array );
		*array = NULL;
		return 0;
	}
	*array = tmp;
	return n*2;
}


/*
Calculates the squared distance between two points.

@param p1 a point
@param p2 another point
*/
double dist_sq_2D( CvPoint2D64f p1, CvPoint2D64f p2 )
{
	double x_diff = p1.x - p2.x;
	double y_diff = p1.y - p2.y;

	return x_diff * x_diff + y_diff * y_diff;
}


/*
Draws an x on an image.

@param img an image
@param pt the center point of the x
@param r the x's radius
@param w the x's line weight
@param color the color of the x
*/
void draw_x( IplImage* img, CvPoint pt, int r, int w, CvScalar color )
{
	cvLine( img, pt, cvPoint( pt.x + r, pt.y + r), color, w, 8, 0 );
	cvLine( img, pt, cvPoint( pt.x - r, pt.y + r), color, w, 8, 0 );
	cvLine( img, pt, cvPoint( pt.x + r, pt.y - r), color, w, 8, 0 );
	cvLine( img, pt, cvPoint( pt.x - r, pt.y - r), color, w, 8, 0 );
}


/*将两张图像合成为一张，垂直排放
参数：img1：位于上方的图像的指针，img2：位于下方的图像的指针
返回值：合成图像
*/
/*
Combines two images by scacking one on top of the other
@param img1 top image
@param img2 bottom image
@return Returns the image resulting from stacking \a img1 on top if \a img2
*/
extern IplImage* stack_imgs( IplImage* img1, IplImage* img2 )
{
    //生成合成图像
	IplImage* stacked = cvCreateImage( cvSize( MAX(img1->width, img2->width),
										img1->height + img2->height ),
										IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3 );

    cvZero( stacked );//清零
	cvSetImageROI( stacked, cvRect( 0, 0, img1->width, img1->height ) );
    cvAdd( img1, stacked, stacked, NULL );//叠加第一张图像
	cvSetImageROI( stacked, cvRect(0, img1->height, img2->width, img2->height) );
    cvAdd( img2, stacked, stacked, NULL );//叠加第二张图像
	cvResetImageROI( stacked );

	return stacked;
}

/*(自己写的函数)
将两张图像合成为一张，水平排放
参数：img1：位于左边的图像的指针，img2：位于右边的图像的指针
返回值：合成图像
*/
extern IplImage* stack_imgs_horizontal( IplImage* img1, IplImage* img2 )
{
    //生成合成图像
    IplImage * stacked = cvCreateImage(cvSize(img1->width+img2->width, MAX(img1->height,img2->height)),
                                       IPL_DEPTH_8U, 3);
    cvZero(stacked);//清零
    cvSetImageROI(stacked, cvRect(0,0,img1->width,img1->height));
    cvAdd(img1,stacked,stacked,NULL);//叠加第一张图像
    cvSetImageROI(stacked, cvRect(img1->width,0,img2->width,img2->height));
    cvAdd(img2,stacked,stacked,NULL);//叠加第二张图像
    cvResetImageROI(stacked);

    return stacked;
}


/*
Allows user to view an array of images as a video.  Keyboard controls
are as follows:

<ul>
<li>Space - start and pause playback</li>
<li>Page Down - skip forward 10 frames</li>
<li>Page Up - jump back 10 frames</li>
<li>Right Arrow - skip forward 1 frame</li>
<li>Left Arrow - jump back 1 frame</li>
<li>Backspace - jump back to beginning</li>
<li>Esc - exit playback</li>
<li>Closing the window also exits playback</li>
</ul>

@param imgs an array of images
@param n number of images in \a imgs
@param win_name name of window in which images are displayed
*/
void vid_view( IplImage** imgs, int n, char* win_name )
{
	int k, i = 0, playing = 0;

	cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
	cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
	while( ! win_closed( win_name ) )
	{
		/* if already playing, advance frame and check for pause */
		if( playing )
		{
			i = MIN( i + 1, n - 1 );
			cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
			cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
			k = cvWaitKey( 33 );
			if( k == ' '  ||  i == n - 1 )
				playing = 0;
		}

		else
		{
			k = cvWaitKey( 0 );
			switch( k )
			{
				/* space */
			case ' ':
				playing = 1;
				break;

				/* esc */
			case 27:
			case 1048603:
				cvDestroyWindow( win_name );
				break;

				/* backspace */
			case '\b':
				i = 0;
				cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
				cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
				break;

				/* left arrow */
			case 65288:
			case 1113937:
				i = MAX( i - 1, 0 );
				cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
				cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
				break;

				/* right arrow */
			case 65363:
			case 1113939:
				i = MIN( i + 1, n - 1 );
				cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
				cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
				break;

				/* page up */
			case 65365:
			case 1113941:
				i = MAX( i - 10, 0 );
				cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
				cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
				break;

				/* page down */
			case 65366:
			case 1113942:
				i = MIN( i + 10, n - 1 );
				cvNamedWindow( win_name, 1 );
				cvShowImage( win_name, imgs[i] );
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}


/*
Checks if a HighGUI window is still open or not

@param name the name of the window we're checking

@return Returns 1 if the window named \a name has been closed or 0 otherwise
*/
int win_closed( char* win_name )
{
	if( ! cvGetWindowHandle(win_name) )
		return 1;
	return 0;
}