latlong.c

//
//    This file is part of Dire Wolf, an amateur radio packet TNC.
//
//    Copyright (C) 2013, 2014, 2015  John Langner, WB2OSZ
//
//    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
//    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
//    the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
//    (at your option) any later version.
//
//    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
//    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
//    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
//    GNU General Public License for more details.
//
//    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
//    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Module:      latlong.c
 *
 * Purpose:   	Various functions for dealing with latitude and longitude.
 *		
 * Description: Originally, these were scattered around in many places.
 *		Over time they might all be gathered into one place
 *		for consistency, reuse, and easier maintenance.
 *
 *---------------------------------------------------------------*/


#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "direwolf.h"
#include "latlong.h"
#include "textcolor.h"


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        latitude_to_str
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric latitude to string for transmission.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlat		- Floating point degrees.
 * 		ambiguity	- If 1, 2, 3, or 4, blank out that many trailing digits.
 *
 * Outputs:	slat		- String in format ddmm.mm[NS]
 *
 * Returns:     None
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void latitude_to_str (double dlat, int ambiguity, char *slat)
{
	char hemi;	/* Hemisphere: N or S */
	int ideg;	/* whole number of degrees. */
	double dmin;	/* Minutes after removing degrees. */
	char smin[8];	/* Minutes in format mm.mm */
	
	if (dlat < -90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is less than -90.  Changing to -90.n");
	  dlat = -90.;
	}
	if (dlat > 90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is greater than 90.  Changing to 90.n");
	  dlat = 90.;
	}

	if (dlat < 0) {
	  dlat = (- dlat);
	  hemi = 'S';
	}
	else {
	  hemi = 'N';
	}

	ideg = (int)dlat;
	dmin = (dlat - ideg) * 60.;

	sprintf (smin, "%05.2f", dmin);
	/* Due to roundoff, 59.9999 could come out as "60.00" */
	if (smin[0] == '6') {
	  smin[0] = '0';
	  ideg++;
	}

	sprintf (slat, "%02d%s%c", ideg, smin, hemi);

	if (ambiguity >= 1) {
	  slat[6] = ' ';
	  if (ambiguity >= 2) {
	    slat[5] = ' ';
	    if (ambiguity >= 3) {
	      slat[3] = ' ';
	      if (ambiguity >= 4) {
	        slat[2] = ' ';
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}

} /* end latitude_to_str */


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        longitude_to_str
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric longitude to string for transmission.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlong		- Floating point degrees.
 * 		ambiguity	- If 1, 2, 3, or 4, blank out that many trailing digits.
 *
 * Outputs:	slat		- String in format dddmm.mm[NS]
 *
 * Returns:     None
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void longitude_to_str (double dlong, int ambiguity, char *slong)
{
	char hemi;	/* Hemisphere: N or S */
	int ideg;	/* whole number of degrees. */
	double dmin;	/* Minutes after removing degrees. */
	char smin[8];	/* Minutes in format mm.mm */
	
	if (dlong < -180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Longitude is less than -180.  Changing to -180.n");
	  dlong = -180.;
	}
	if (dlong > 180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Longitude is greater than 180.  Changing to 180.n");
	  dlong = 180.;
	}

	if (dlong < 0) {
	  dlong = (- dlong);
	  hemi = 'W';
	}
	else {
	  hemi = 'E';
	}

	ideg = (int)dlong;
	dmin = (dlong - ideg) * 60.;

	sprintf (smin, "%05.2f", dmin);
	/* Due to roundoff, 59.9999 could come out as "60.00" */
	if (smin[0] == '6') {
	  smin[0] = '0';
	  ideg++;
	}

	sprintf (slong, "%03d%s%c", ideg, smin, hemi);
/*
 * The spec says position ambiguity in latitude also
 * applies to longitude automatically.  
 * Blanking longitude digits is not necessary but I do it
 * because it makes things clearer.
 */
	if (ambiguity >= 1) {
	  slong[7] = ' ';
	  if (ambiguity >= 2) {
	    slong[6] = ' ';
	    if (ambiguity >= 3) {
	      slong[4] = ' ';
	      if (ambiguity >= 4) {
	        slong[3] = ' ';
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}

} /* end longitude_to_str */


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        latitude_to_comp_str
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric latitude to compressed string for transmission.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlat		- Floating point degrees.
 *
 * Outputs:	slat		- String in format yyyy.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void latitude_to_comp_str (double dlat, char *clat)
{
	int y, y0, y1, y2, y3;

	if (dlat < -90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is less than -90.  Changing to -90.n");
	  dlat = -90.;
	}
	if (dlat > 90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is greater than 90.  Changing to 90.n");
	  dlat = 90.;
	}

	y = (int)round(380926. * (90. - dlat));
	
	y0 = y / (91*91*91);
	y -= y0 * (91*91*91);

	y1 = y / (91*91);
	y -= y1 * (91*91);

	y2 = y / (91);
	y -= y2 * (91);

	y3 = y;

	clat[0] = y0 + 33;
	clat[1] = y1 + 33;
	clat[2] = y2 + 33;
	clat[3] = y3 + 33;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        longitude_to_comp_str
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric longitude to compressed string for transmission.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlong		- Floating point degrees.
 *
 * Outputs:	slat		- String in format xxxx.
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void longitude_to_comp_str (double dlong, char *clon)
{
	int x, x0, x1, x2, x3;

	if (dlong < -180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Longitude is less than -180.  Changing to -180.n");
	  dlong = -180.;
	}
	if (dlong > 180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Longitude is greater than 180.  Changing to 180.n");
	  dlong = 180.;
	}

	x = (int)round(190463. * (180. + dlong));
	
	x0 = x / (91*91*91);
	x -= x0 * (91*91*91);

	x1 = x / (91*91);
	x -= x1 * (91*91);

	x2 = x / (91);
	x -= x2 * (91);

	x3 = x;

	clon[0] = x0 + 33;
	clon[1] = x1 + 33;
	clon[2] = x2 + 33;
	clon[3] = x3 + 33;
}


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        latitude_to_nmea
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric latitude to strings for NMEA sentence.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlat		- Floating point degrees.
 *
 * Outputs:	slat		- String in format ddmm.mmmm
 *		hemi		- Hemisphere or empty string.
 *
 * Returns:     None
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void latitude_to_nmea (double dlat, char *slat, char *hemi)
{
	int ideg;	/* whole number of degrees. */
	double dmin;	/* Minutes after removing degrees. */
	char smin[10];	/* Minutes in format mm.mmmm */
	
	if (dlat == G_UNKNOWN) {
	  strcpy (slat, "");
	  strcpy (hemi, "");
	  return;
	}

	if (dlat < -90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is less than -90.  Changing to -90.n");
	  dlat = -90.;
	}
	if (dlat > 90.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("Latitude is greater than 90.  Changing to 90.n");
	  dlat = 90.;
	}

	if (dlat < 0) {
	  dlat = (- dlat);
	  strcpy (hemi, "S");
	}
	else {
	  strcpy (hemi, "N");
	}

	ideg = (int)dlat;
	dmin = (dlat - ideg) * 60.;

	sprintf (smin, "%07.4f", dmin);
	/* Due to roundoff, 59.99999 could come out as "60.0000" */
	if (smin[0] == '6') {
	  smin[0] = '0';
	  ideg++;
	}

	sprintf (slat, "%02d%s", ideg, smin);

} /* end latitude_to_str */


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Name:        longitude_to_nmea
 *
 * Purpose:     Convert numeric longitude to strings for NMEA sentence.
 *
 * Inputs:      dlong		- Floating point degrees.
 *
 * Outputs:	slong		- String in format dddmm.mmmm
 *		hemi		- Hemisphere or empty string.
 *
 * Returns:     None
 *
 *----------------------------------------------------------------*/

void longitude_to_nmea (double dlong, char *slong, char *hemi)
{
	int ideg;	/* whole number of degrees. */
	double dmin;	/* Minutes after removing degrees. */
	char smin[10];	/* Minutes in format mm.mmmm */
	
	if (dlong == G_UNKNOWN) {
	  strcpy (slong, "");
	  strcpy (hemi, "");
	  return;
	}

	if (dlong < -180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("longitude is less than -180.  Changing to -180.n");
	  dlong = -180.;
	}
	if (dlong > 180.) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf ("longitude is greater than 180.  Changing to 180.n");
	  dlong = 180.;
	}

	if (dlong < 0) {
	  dlong = (- dlong);
	  strcpy (hemi, "W");
	}
	else {
	  strcpy (hemi, "E");
	}

	ideg = (int)dlong;
	dmin = (dlong - ideg) * 60.;

	sprintf (smin, "%07.4f", dmin);
	/* Due to roundoff, 59.99999 could come out as "60.0000" */
	if (smin[0] == '6') {
	  smin[0] = '0';
	  ideg++;
	}

	sprintf (slong, "%03d%s", ideg, smin);

} /* end longitude_to_nmea */


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:	latitude_from_nmea
 *
 * Purpose:	Convert NMEA latitude encoding to degrees.
 *
 * Inputs:	pstr 	- Pointer to numeric string.
 *		phemi	- Pointer to following field.  Should be N or S.
 *
 * Returns:	Double precision value in degrees.  Negative for South.
 *
 * Description:	Latitude field has
 *			2 digits for degrees
 *			2 digits for minutes
 *			period
 *			Variable number of fractional digits for minutes.
 *			I've seen 2, 3, and 4 fractional digits.
 *
 *
 * Bugs:	Very little validation of data.
 *
 * Errors:	Return constant G_UNKNOWN for any type of error.
 *		Could we use special "NaN" code?
 *
 *------------------------------------------------------------------*/


double latitude_from_nmea (char *pstr, char *phemi)
{

	double lat;

	if ( ! isdigit((unsigned char)(pstr[0]))) return (G_UNKNOWN);

	if (pstr[4] != '.') return (G_UNKNOWN);


	lat = (pstr[0] - '0') * 10 + (pstr[1] - '0') + atof(pstr+2) / 60.0;

	if (lat < 0 || lat > 90) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("Error: Latitude not in range of 0 to 90.\n");	  
	}

	// Saw this one time:
	//	$GPRMC,000000,V,0000.0000,0,00000.0000,0,000,000,000000,,*01

	// If location is unknown, I think the hemisphere should be
	// an empty string.  TODO: Check on this.
	// 'V' means void, so sentence should be discarded rather than
	// trying to extract any data from it.

	if (*phemi != 'N' && *phemi != 'S' && *phemi != '\0') {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("Error: Latitude hemisphere should be N or S.\n");	  
	}

	if (*phemi == 'S') lat = ( - lat);

	return (lat);
}


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:	longitude_from_nmea
 *
 * Purpose:	Convert NMEA longitude encoding to degrees.
 *
 * Inputs:	pstr 	- Pointer to numeric string.
 *		phemi	- Pointer to following field.  Should be E or W.
 *
 * Returns:	Double precision value in degrees.  Negative for West.
 *
 * Description:	Longitude field has
 *			3 digits for degrees
 *			2 digits for minutes
 *			period
 *			Variable number of fractional digits for minutes
 *
 *
 * Bugs:	Very little validation of data.
 *
 * Errors:	Return constant G_UNKNOWN for any type of error.
 *		Could we use special "NaN" code?
 *
 *------------------------------------------------------------------*/


double longitude_from_nmea (char *pstr, char *phemi)
{
	double lon;

	if ( ! isdigit((unsigned char)(pstr[0]))) return (G_UNKNOWN);

	if (pstr[5] != '.') return (G_UNKNOWN);

	lon = (pstr[0] - '0') * 100 + (pstr[1] - '0') * 10 + (pstr[2] - '0') + atof(pstr+3) / 60.0;

	if (lon < 0 || lon > 180) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("Error: Longitude not in range of 0 to 180.\n");	  
	}
	
	if (*phemi != 'E' && *phemi != 'W' && *phemi != '\0') {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("Error: Longitude hemisphere should be E or W.\n");	  
	}

	if (*phemi == 'W') lon = ( - lon);

	return (lon);
}


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:	ll_distance_km
 *
 * Purpose:	Calculate distance between two locations.
 *
 * Inputs:	lat1, lon1	- One location, in degrees.
 *		lat2, lon2	- other location
 *
 * Returns:	Distance in km.
 *
 * Description:	The Ubiquitous Haversine formula.
 *
 *------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define R 6371

double ll_distance_km (double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2)
{
	double a;

	lat1 *= M_PI / 180;
	lon1 *= M_PI / 180;	
	lat2 *= M_PI / 180;	
	lon2 *= M_PI / 180;	
	
	a = pow(sin((lat2-lat1)/2),2) + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * pow(sin((lon2-lon1)/2),2);

	return (R * 2 *atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a)));
}


/*------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Function:	ll_from_grid_square
 *
 * Purpose:	Convert Maidenhead locator to latitude and longitude.
 *
 * Inputs:	maidenhead	- 4 or 6 character grid square.
 *
 * Outputs:	dlat, dlon	- Latitude and longitude.  
 *				  Original values unchanged if error.
 *
 * Returns:	1 for success, 0 if error.
 *
 * Bug: 	This does not check for invalid values.
 *
 * Reference:	A good converter for spot checking:  
 *		http://home.arcor.de/waldemar.kebsch/The_Makrothen_Contest/fmaidenhead.html
 *
 * Rambling:	What sort of resolution does this provide?
 *		For 8 character form, each latitude unit is 0.25 minute.
 *		(Longitude can be up to twice that around the equator.)
 *		6371 km * 2 * pi * 0.25 / 60 / 360 = 0.463 km.  Is that right?
 *
 *		Using this calculator, http://www.earthpoint.us/Convert.aspx
 *
 *		FN42MA00  -->  19T 334361mE 4651711mN
 *		FN42MA11  -->  19T 335062mE 4652157mN
 *				   ------   -------
 *				      701       446    meters difference.
 *
 *------------------------------------------------------------------*/

int ll_from_grid_square (char *maidenhead, double *dlat, double *dlon)
{
	double lat, lon;
	char mh[16];


	if (strlen(maidenhead) != 4 &&  strlen(maidenhead) != 6) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("Maidenhead locator \"%s\" must 4 or 6 characters in this context.\n", maidenhead);
	  return (0);
	}

	strcpy (mh, maidenhead);
	if (islower(mh[0])) mh[0] = toupper(mh[0]);
	if (islower(mh[1])) mh[1] = toupper(mh[1]);
	
	if (mh[0] < 'A' || mh[0] > 'R' || mh[1] < 'A' || mh[1] > 'R') {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("The first pair of characters in Maidenhead locator \"%s\" must be in range of A thru R.\n", maidenhead);
	  return (0);
	}

	if ( ! isdigit(mh[2]) || ! isdigit(mh[3]) ) {
	  text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	  dw_printf("The second pair of characters in Maidenhead locator \"%s\" must be digits.\n", maidenhead);
	  return (0);
	}

	/* Lon:  360 deg / 18 squares = 20 deg / square */
	/* Lat:  180 deg / 18 squares = 10 deg / square */

	lon = (mh[0] - 'A') * 20 - 180;
	lat = (mh[1] - 'A') * 10 - 90;

	/* Lon:  20 deg / 10 squares = 2 deg / square */
	/* Lat:  10 deg / 10 squares = 1 deg / square */

	lon += (mh[2] - '0') * 2;
	lat += (mh[3] - '0');


	if (strlen(mh) >=6) {

	  if (islower(mh[4])) mh[4] = toupper(mh[4]);
	  if (islower(mh[5])) mh[5] = toupper(mh[5]);

	  if (mh[4] < 'A' || mh[4] > 'X' || mh[5] < 'A' || mh[5] > 'X') {
	    text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	    dw_printf("The third pair of characters in Maidenhead locator \"%s\" must be in range of A thru X.\n", maidenhead);
	    return (0);
	  }

	  /* Lon:  2 deg / 24 squares = 5 minutes / square */
	  /* Lat:  1 deg / 24 squares = 2.5 minutes / square */

	  lon += (mh[4] - 'A') * 5.0 / 60.0;
	  lat += (mh[5] - 'A') * 2.5 / 60.0;

	  if (strlen(mh) >= 8) {

	    if ( ! isdigit(mh[6]) || ! isdigit(mh[7]) ) {
	      text_color_set(DW_COLOR_ERROR);
	      dw_printf("The fourth pair of characters in Maidenhead locator \"%s\" must be digits.\n", maidenhead);
	      return (0);
	    }

	    /* Lon:  5   min / 10 squares = 0.5 minutes / square */
	    /* Lat:  2.5 min / 10 squares = 0.25 minutes / square */

	    lon += (mh[6] - '0') * 0.50 / 60.0;
	    lat += (mh[7] - '0') * 0.25 / 60.0;

	    lon += 0.250 / 60.0;	/* Move from corner to center of square */
	    lat += 0.125 / 60.0;
	  }
	  else {
	    lon += 2.5  / 60.0;	/* Move from corner to center of square */
	    lat += 1.25 / 60.0;
	  }
	}
	else {
	  lon += 1.0;	/* Move from corner to center of square */
	  lat += 0.5;
	}

 	//text_color_set(DW_COLOR_DEBUG);
	//dw_printf("DEBUG: Maidenhead conversion \"%s\" -> %.6f %.6f\n", maidenhead, lat, lon);

	*dlat = lat;
	*dlon = lon;

	return (1);
}

/* end ll_from_grid_square */

/* end latlong.c */