About
-----
This is a library for calling C function and manipulating C types from lua. It
is designed to be interface compatible with the FFI library in luajit (see
http://luajit.org/ext_ffi.html). It can parse C function declarations and
struct definitions that have been directly copied out of C header files and
into lua source as a string.

License
-------
Copyright (c) 2011 James R. McKaskill.
MIT same as Lua 5.1. See full license text in ffi.h.

Source
------
https://github.com/jmckaskill/luaffi

Platforms
---------
Currently supported:
- windows x86/x64
- linux x86/x64
- windows CE ARM little endian (ARMv4+)
- OSX x86/x64

Currently only dll builds are supported (ie no static).

Runs with both Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.2 beta.

Build
-----

On windows use msvcbuild.bat in a visual studio cmd prompt. Available targets are:
- nothing or release: default release build
- debug: debug build
- test: build and run the test debug build
- test-release: build and run the test release build
- clean: cleanup object files

Edit msvcbuild.bat if your lua exe, lib, lua include path, or lua dll name
differ from c:\Lua5.1 and lua5.1.dll.

The build script does not build for CE as this is non-trivial and very
dependent on which CE profile (or even a custom one). Instead to build on CE,
add generate_call_h.bat as a pre-build event and then build *.c with UNDER_CE
defined plus whatever defines windows.h requires.

On posix use make. Available targets are:
- nothing or all: default release build
- debug: debug build
- test: build and run the test build
- clean: cleanup object files
- macosx: release build for Mac OSX

Edit the Makefile if your lua exe differs from `lua5.1` or if you can't get
the include and lib arguments from pkg-config.

Known Issues
------------
- Has not been bullet proof tested
- Casting is different from luajit. For the moment this follows C++
  - ffi.cast is equivalent to a C cast in C++ (T t = (T) f)
  - ffi.new and ctype() is equivalent to an implicit cast in C++ (T t = f)
     - since this follows C++ semantics void* does not cast to T* (an explicit
       cast using ffi.cast is required)
- Comparing a ctype pointer to nil doesn't work the same as luajit. This is
  unfixable with the current metamethod semantics. Instead use ffi.C.NULL
- Constant expressions can't handle non integer intermediate values (eg
  offsetof won't work because it manipulates pointers)
- Not all metamethods work with lua 5.1 (eg char* + number). This is due to
  the way metamethods are looked up with mixed types in Lua 5.1. If you need
this upgrade to Lua 5.2 or use boxed numbers (uint64_t and uintptr_t).
- All bitfields are treated as unsigned (does anyone even use signed
  bitfields?). Note that "int s:8" is unsigned on unix x86/x64, but signed on
windows.

Todo
----
- C++ classes (excluding inline c++ functions)
- All the various gcc and msvc attributes
- Finish and test OSX support
- ffi.metatable

How it works
------------
Types are represented by a struct ctype structure and an associated user value
table. The table is shared between all related types for structs, unions, and
functions. It's members have the types of struct members, function argument
types, etc. The struct ctype structure then contains the modifications from
the base type (eg number of pointers, array size, etc).

Types are pushed into lua as a userdata containing the struct ctype with a
user value (or fenv in 5.1) set to the shared type table.

Boxed cdata types are pushed into lua as a userdata containing the struct
cdata structure (which contains the struct ctype of the data as its header)
followed by the boxed data.

The functions in ffi.c provide the cdata and ctype metatables and ffi.*
functions which manipulate these two types.

C functions (and function pointers) are pushed into lua as a lua c function
with the function pointer cdata as the first upvalue. The actual code is JITed
using dynasm (see call_x86.dasc). The JITed code does the following in order:
1. Calls the needed unpack functions in ffi.c placing each argument on the HW stack
2. Updates errno
3. Performs the c call
4. Retrieves errno
5. Pushes the result back into lua from the HW register or stack