//

// breakout.c

//

// Computer Science 50

// Problem Set 3

//

// standard libraries

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <time.h>

// Stanford Portable Library

#include "gevents.h"

#include "gobjects.h"

#include "gwindow.h"

// height and width of game's window in pixels

#define HEIGHT 600

#define WIDTH 400

// height and wigth of brik

#define BRICK_HEIGHT 10

#define BRICK_WIDTH 36

#define BETWEEN_BRICK 4

// height and width of paddle

#define PADDLE_HEIGHT 5

#define PADDLE_WIDTH 40

// number of rows of bricks

#define ROWS 5

// number of columns of bricks

#define COLS 10

// radius of ball in pixels

#define RADIUS 10

// lives

#define LIVES 3

// prototypes

void initBricks(GWindow window);

GOval initBall(GWindow window);

GRect initPaddle(GWindow window);

GLabel initScoreboard(GWindow window);

void updateScoreboard(GWindow window, GLabel label, int points);

GObject detectCollision(GWindow window, GOval ball);

void reverse(double *velocity);

int main(void)

{

// seed pseudorandom number generator

srand48(time(NULL));

// instantiate window

GWindow window = newGWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT);

// instantiate bricks

initBricks(window);

// instantiate ball, centered in middle of window

GOval ball = initBall(window);

// instantiate paddle, centered at bottom of window

GRect paddle = initPaddle(window);

// instantiate scoreboard, centered in middle of window, just above ball

GLabel label = initScoreboard(window);

// number of bricks initially

int bricks = COLS * ROWS;

// number of lives initially

int lives = LIVES;

// number of points initially

int points = 0;

// set velocity

double randMagnitude = (drand48() + 1) / 40;

int direction = (rand() % 2) * 2 - 1;

double velocity_x = direction * randMagnitude;

double velocity_y = 1;

// keep playing until game over

while (lives > 0 && bricks > 0)

{

GEvent event = getNextEvent(MOUSE_EVENT);

if(event != NULL)

{

if(getEventType(event) == MOUSE_MOVED)

{

double paddle_x = getX(event) - getWidth(paddle);

double paddle_y = getY(paddle);

setLocation(paddle, paddle_x, paddle_y);

}

}

move(ball, velocity_x, velocity_y);

if(getX(ball) + getWidth(ball) >= getWidth(window))

reverse(&velocity_x);

else if(getX(ball) <= 0)

reverse(&velocity_x);

else if(getY(ball) <= 0)

reverse(&velocity_y);

else if(getY(ball) + getHeight(ball) >= getHeight(window))

{

lives--;

setLocation(ball, (WIDTH - RADIUS) /2, (HEIGHT - 100) / 2);

setLocation(paddle, (WIDTH - PADDLE_WIDTH) /2, HEIGHT - 50);

waitForClick();

}

GObject collision = detectCollision(window, ball);

if(collision != NULL && strcmp(getType(collision), "GRect") == 0)

{

reverse(&velocity_y);

if(collision != paddle)

{

removeGWindow(window, collision);

bricks--;

points++;

updateScoreboard(window, label, points);

}

}

}

// wait for click before exiting

waitForClick();

// game over

closeGWindow(window);

return 0;

}

/**

* Initializes window with a grid of bricks.

*/

void initBricks(GWindow window)

{

char* colors[ROWS] = {"BLUE", "YELLOW", "CYAN", "ORANGE", "GREEN"};

int top = 25;

for(int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++)

{

for(int j = 0; j < COLS; j++)

{

GRect rect = newGRect((BETWEEN_BRICK + j * (BETWEEN_BRICK + BRICK_WIDTH)), (BETWEEN_BRICK + i * (BETWEEN_BRICK + BRICK_HEIGHT) + top), BRICK_WIDTH, BRICK_HEIGHT);

setColor(rect, colors[i]);

setFilled(rect, true);

add(window, rect);

}

}

}

/**

* Instantiates ball in center of window. Returns ball.

*/

GOval initBall(GWindow window)

{

GOval ball = newGOval(WIDTH/2 - RADIUS, HEIGHT/2 - RADIUS, RADIUS * 2, RADIUS * 2);

setColor(ball, "LIGHT_GRAY");

setFilled(ball, true);

add(window, ball);

return ball;

}

/**

* Instantiates paddle in bottom-middle of window.

*/

GRect initPaddle(GWindow window)

{

GRect paddle = newGRect(WIDTH/2 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT - 50, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT);

setColor(paddle, "DARK_GRAY");

setFilled(paddle, true);

add(window, paddle);

return paddle;

}

/**

* Instantiates, configures, and returns label for scoreboard.

*/

GLabel initScoreboard(GWindow window)

{

GLabel label = newGLabel("0");

setFont(label, "SansSerif-18");

double x = (getWidth(window) - getWidth(label)) / 2;

double y = (getHeight(window) - getHeight(label)) /2;

setLocation(label, x, y);

setColor(label, "CYAN");

setFilled(label, true);

add(window, label);

return label;

}

/**

* Updates scoreboard's label, keeping it centered in window.

*/

void updateScoreboard(GWindow window, GLabel label, int points)

{

// update label

char s[12];

sprintf(s, "%i", points);

setLabel(label, s);

// center label in window

double x = (getWidth(window) - getWidth(label)) / 2;

double y = (getHeight(window) - getHeight(label)) / 2;

setLocation(label, x, y);

}

/**

* Detects whether ball has collided with some object in window

* by checking the four corners of its bounding box (which are

* outside the ball's GOval, and so the ball can't collide with

* itself). Returns object if so, else NULL.

*/

GObject detectCollision(GWindow window, GOval ball)

{

// ball's location

double x = getX(ball);

double y = getY(ball);

// for checking for collisions

GObject object;

// check for collision at ball's top-left corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x, y);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's top-right corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x + 2 * RADIUS, y);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's bottom-left corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x, y + 2 * RADIUS);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's bottom-right corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x + 2 * RADIUS, y + 2 * RADIUS);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// no collision

return NULL;

}

void reverse(double *velocity)

{

*velocity *= -1;

return;

}