static void Sound_PointProcess_fillVoiceless (Sound me, PointProcess pulses) {
long ipointleft, ipointright;
double beginVoiceless = my xmin, endVoiceless;
for (ipointleft = 1; ipointleft <= pulses -> nt; ipointleft = ipointright + 1) {
long i1, i2, i;
endVoiceless = pulses -> t [ipointleft] - 0.005;
i1 = Sampled_xToHighIndex (me, beginVoiceless);
if (i1 < 1) i1 = 1; if (i1 > my nx) i1 = my nx;
i2 = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, endVoiceless);
if (i2 < 1) i2 = 1; if (i2 > my nx) i2 = my nx;
if (i2 - i1 > 10) for (i = i1; i <= i2; i ++)
my z [1] [i] = NUMrandomGauss (0.0, 0.3);
for (ipointright = ipointleft + 1; ipointright <= pulses -> nt; ipointright ++)
if (pulses -> t [ipointright] - pulses -> t [ipointright - 1] > MAX_T)
break;
ipointright --;
beginVoiceless = pulses -> t [ipointright] + 0.005;
}
endVoiceless = my xmax;
{
long i1, i2, i;
i1 = Sampled_xToHighIndex (me, beginVoiceless);
if (i1 < 1) i1 = 1; if (i1 > my nx) i1 = my nx;
i2 = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, endVoiceless);
if (i2 < 1) i2 = 1; if (i2 > my nx) i2 = my nx;
if (i2 - i1 > 10) for (i = i1; i <= i2; i ++)
my z [1] [i] = NUMrandomGauss (0.0, 0.3);
}
}
int Manipulation_playPart (Manipulation me, double tmin, double tmax, int method) {
try {
if (method == Manipulation_OVERLAPADD) {
if (! my sound)
Melder_throw (U"Cannot synthesize overlap-add without a sound.");
autoSound part = Data_copy (my sound.get());
long imin = Sampled_xToLowIndex (part.get(), tmin), imax = Sampled_xToHighIndex (part.get(), tmax);
double *amp = part -> z [1];
for (long i = 1; i <= imin; i ++) amp [i] = 0.0;
for (long i = imax; i <= part -> nx; i ++) amp [i] = 0.0;
autoSound saved = my sound.move();
my sound = part.move();
try {
autoSound played = Manipulation_to_Sound (me, Manipulation_OVERLAPADD);
my sound = saved.move();
amp = played -> z [1];
for (imin = 1; imin <= played -> nx; imin ++)
if (amp [imin] != 0.0) break;
for (imax = played -> nx; imax >= 1; imax --)
if (amp [imax] != 0.0) break;
Sound_playPart (played.get(), played -> x1 + (imin - 1.5) * played -> dx, played -> x1 + (imax - 0.5) * played -> dx, nullptr, nullptr);
} catch (MelderError) {
my sound = saved.move();
throw;
}
} else {
autoSound sound = Manipulation_to_Sound (me, method);
Sound_playPart (sound.get(), tmin, tmax, nullptr, nullptr);
}
return 1;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": not played.");
}
}
double Sound_getNearestZeroCrossing (Sound me, double position, long channel) {
double *amplitude = my z [channel];
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, position);
long rightSample = leftSample + 1, ileft, iright;
double leftZero, rightZero;
/* Are we already at a zero crossing? */
if (leftSample >= 1 && rightSample <= my nx &&
(amplitude [leftSample] >= 0.0) !=
(amplitude [rightSample] >= 0.0))
{
return interpolate (me, leftSample, channel);
}
/* Search to the left. */
if (leftSample > my nx) return NUMundefined;
for (ileft = leftSample - 1; ileft >= 1; ileft --)
if ((amplitude [ileft] >= 0.0) != (amplitude [ileft + 1] >= 0.0))
{
leftZero = interpolate (me, ileft, channel);
break;
}
/* Search to the right. */
if (rightSample < 1) return NUMundefined;
for (iright = rightSample + 1; iright <= my nx; iright ++)
if ((amplitude [iright] >= 0.0) != (amplitude [iright - 1] >= 0.0))
{
rightZero = interpolate (me, iright - 1, channel);
break;
}
if (ileft < 1 && iright > my nx) return NUMundefined;
return ileft < 1 ? rightZero : iright > my nx ? leftZero :
position - leftZero < rightZero - position ? leftZero : rightZero;
}
Polygon Sound_to_Polygon (Sound me, int channel, double tmin, double tmax, double ymin, double ymax, double level) {
try {
bool clip = ymin < ymax;
if (channel < 1 || channel > my ny) {
Melder_throw ("Channel does not exist.");
}
if (tmin >= tmax) {
tmin = my xmin;
tmax = my xmax;
}
if (tmin < my xmin) {
tmin = my xmin;
}
if (tmax > my xmax) {
tmax = my xmax;
}
if (tmin >= my xmax || tmax < my xmin) {
Melder_throw ("Invalid domain.");
}
long k = 1, i1 = Sampled_xToHighIndex (me, tmin);
long i2 = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, tmax);
long numberOfPoints = i2 - i1 + 1 + 2 + 2; // begin + endpoint + level
autoPolygon him = Polygon_create (numberOfPoints);
/*
In Vector_getValueAtX the interpolation only returns defined values between the
left and right edges that are calculated as
left = x1 - 0.5 * dx; right = left + my nx * dx.
Given a sound, for example on the domain [0,...], the value of 'left' with the above formula might
not return exactly xmin but instead a very small deviation (due to the imprecise
representation of real numbers in a computer).
Querying for the value at xmin which is outside the interpolation domain then produces an 'undefined'.
We try to avoid this with the following workaround.
*/
double xmin = my x1 - 0.5 * my dx;
double xmax = xmin + my nx * my dx;
tmin = tmin < xmin ? xmin : tmin;
tmax = tmax > xmax ? xmax : tmax;
// End of workaround
his x[k] = tmin;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (level, ymin, ymax);
his x[k] = tmin;
double y = Vector_getValueAtX (me, tmin, channel, Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
for (long i = i1; i <= i2; i++) {
y = my z[channel][i];
his x[k] = my x1 + (i - 1) * my dx;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
}
his x[k] = tmax;
y = Vector_getValueAtX (me, tmax, channel, Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
his x[k] = tmax;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (level, ymin, ymax);
return him.transfer();
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, ":no Polygon created.");
}
}
static Spectrum Spectrum_band (Spectrum me, double fmin, double fmax) {
autoSpectrum band = Data_copy (me);
double *re = band -> z [1], *im = band -> z [2];
long imin = Sampled_xToLowIndex (band.peek(), fmin), imax = Sampled_xToHighIndex (band.peek(), fmax);
for (long i = 1; i <= imin; i ++) re [i] = 0.0, im [i] = 0.0;
for (long i = imax; i <= band -> nx; i ++) re [i] = 0.0, im [i] = 0.0;
return band.transfer();
}
int SoundEditor::menu_cb_Paste (EDITOR_ARGS) {
SoundEditor *editor = (SoundEditor *)editor_me;
Sound sound = (Sound) editor->_data;
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (sound, editor->_endSelection);
long oldNumberOfSamples = sound -> nx, newNumberOfSamples;
double **newData, **oldData = sound -> z;
if (! Sound_clipboard) {
Melder_warning1 (L"(SoundEditor_paste:) Clipboard is empty; nothing pasted.");
return 1;
}
if (Sound_clipboard -> ny != sound -> ny)
return Melder_error1 (L"(SoundEditor_paste:) Cannot paste because\n"
"the number of channels of the clipboard is not equal to\n"
"the number of channels of the edited sound.");
if (Sound_clipboard -> dx != sound -> dx)
return Melder_error1 (L"(SoundEditor_paste:) Cannot paste because\n"
"the sampling frequency of the clipboard is not equal to\n"
"the sampling frequency of the edited sound.");
if (leftSample < 0) leftSample = 0;
if (leftSample > oldNumberOfSamples) leftSample = oldNumberOfSamples;
newNumberOfSamples = oldNumberOfSamples + Sound_clipboard -> nx;
if (! (newData = NUMdmatrix (1, sound -> ny, 1, newNumberOfSamples))) return 0;
for (long channel = 1; channel <= sound -> ny; channel ++) {
long j = 0;
for (long i = 1; i <= leftSample; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = oldData [channel] [i];
}
for (long i = 1; i <= Sound_clipboard -> nx; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = Sound_clipboard -> z [channel] [i];
}
for (long i = leftSample + 1; i <= oldNumberOfSamples; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = oldData [channel] [i];
}
}
editor->save (L"Paste");
NUMdmatrix_free (oldData, 1, 1);
sound -> xmin = 0.0;
sound -> xmax = newNumberOfSamples * sound -> dx;
sound -> nx = newNumberOfSamples;
sound -> x1 = 0.5 * sound -> dx;
sound -> z = newData;
/* Start updating the markers of the FunctionEditor, respecting the invariants. */
editor->_tmin = sound -> xmin;
editor->_tmax = sound -> xmax;
editor->_startSelection = leftSample * sound -> dx;
editor->_endSelection = (leftSample + Sound_clipboard -> nx) * sound -> dx;
/* Force FunctionEditor to show changes. */
Matrix_getWindowExtrema (sound, 1, sound -> nx, 1, sound -> ny, & editor->_sound.minimum, & editor->_sound.maximum);
editor->destroy_analysis ();
editor->ungroup ();
editor->marksChanged ();
editor->broadcastChange ();
return 1;
}
static double Sound_findMaximumCorrelation (Sound me, double t1, double windowLength, double tmin2, double tmax2, double *tout, double *peak) {
double maximumCorrelation = -1.0, r1 = 0.0, r2 = 0.0, r3 = 0.0, r1_best, r3_best, ir;
double halfWindowLength = 0.5 * windowLength;
long i1, i2, ileft2;
long ileft1 = Sampled_xToNearestIndex ((Sampled) me, t1 - halfWindowLength);
long iright1 = Sampled_xToNearestIndex ((Sampled) me, t1 + halfWindowLength);
long ileft2min = Sampled_xToLowIndex ((Sampled) me, tmin2 - halfWindowLength);
long ileft2max = Sampled_xToHighIndex ((Sampled) me, tmax2 - halfWindowLength);
*peak = 0.0; /* Default. */
for (ileft2 = ileft2min; ileft2 <= ileft2max; ileft2 ++) {
double norm1 = 0.0, norm2 = 0.0, product = 0.0, localPeak = 0.0;
if (my ny == 1) {
for (i1 = ileft1, i2 = ileft2; i1 <= iright1; i1 ++, i2 ++) {
if (i1 < 1 || i1 > my nx || i2 < 1 || i2 > my nx) continue;
double amp1 = my z [1] [i1], amp2 = my z [1] [i2];
norm1 += amp1 * amp1;
norm2 += amp2 * amp2;
product += amp1 * amp2;
if (fabs (amp2) > localPeak)
localPeak = fabs (amp2);
}
} else {
for (i1 = ileft1, i2 = ileft2; i1 <= iright1; i1 ++, i2 ++) {
if (i1 < 1 || i1 > my nx || i2 < 1 || i2 > my nx) continue;
double amp1 = 0.5 * (my z [1] [i1] + my z [2] [i1]), amp2 = 0.5 * (my z [1] [i2] + my z [2] [i2]);
norm1 += amp1 * amp1;
norm2 += amp2 * amp2;
product += amp1 * amp2;
if (fabs (amp2) > localPeak)
localPeak = fabs (amp2);
}
}
r1 = r2;
r2 = r3;
r3 = product ? product / (sqrt (norm1 * norm2)) : 0.0;
if (r2 > maximumCorrelation && r2 >= r1 && r2 >= r3) {
r1_best = r1;
maximumCorrelation = r2;
r3_best = r3;
ir = ileft2 - 1;
*peak = localPeak;
}
}
/*
* Improve the result by means of parabolic interpolation.
*/
if (maximumCorrelation > -1.0) {
double d2r = 2 * maximumCorrelation - r1_best - r3_best;
if (d2r != 0.0) {
double dr = 0.5 * (r3_best - r1_best);
maximumCorrelation += 0.5 * dr * dr / d2r;
ir += dr / d2r;
}
*tout = t1 + (ir - ileft1) * my dx;
}
return maximumCorrelation;
}
autoComplexSpectrogram Sound_to_ComplexSpectrogram (Sound me, double windowLength, double timeStep) {
try {
double samplingFrequency = 1.0 / my dx, myDuration = my xmax - my xmin, t1;
if (windowLength > myDuration) {
Melder_throw (U"Your sound is too short:\nit should be at least as long as one window length.");
}
long nsamp_window = (long) floor (windowLength / my dx);
long halfnsamp_window = nsamp_window / 2 - 1;
nsamp_window = halfnsamp_window * 2;
if (nsamp_window < 2) {
Melder_throw (U"Your analysis window is too short: less than two samples.");
}
long numberOfFrames;
Sampled_shortTermAnalysis (me, windowLength, timeStep, &numberOfFrames, &t1);
// Compute sampling of the spectrum
long numberOfFrequencies = halfnsamp_window + 1;
double df = samplingFrequency / (numberOfFrequencies - 1);
autoComplexSpectrogram thee = ComplexSpectrogram_create (my xmin, my xmax, numberOfFrames, timeStep, t1, 0.0, 0.5 * samplingFrequency, numberOfFrequencies, df, 0.0);
//
autoSound analysisWindow = Sound_create (1, 0.0, nsamp_window * my dx, nsamp_window, my dx, 0.5 * my dx);
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= numberOfFrames; iframe++) {
double t = Sampled_indexToX (thee.get(), iframe);
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, t), rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
long endSample = leftSample + halfnsamp_window;
Melder_assert (startSample >= 1);
Melder_assert (endSample <= my nx);
for (long j = 1; j <= nsamp_window; j++) {
analysisWindow -> z[1][j] = my z[1][startSample - 1 + j];
}
// window ?
autoSpectrum spec = Sound_to_Spectrum (analysisWindow.get(), 0);
thy z[1][iframe] = spec -> z[1][1] * spec -> z[1][1];
thy phase[1][iframe] = 0.0;
for (long ifreq = 2; ifreq <= numberOfFrequencies - 1; ifreq++) {
double x = spec -> z[1][ifreq], y = spec -> z[2][ifreq];
thy z[ifreq][iframe] = x * x + y * y; // power
thy phase[ifreq][iframe] = atan2 (y, x); // phase [-pi,+pi]
}
// even number of samples
thy z[numberOfFrequencies][iframe] = spec -> z[1][numberOfFrequencies] * spec -> z[1][numberOfFrequencies];
thy phase[numberOfFrequencies][iframe] = 0.0;
}
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no ComplexSpectrogram created.");
}
}
static double Sound_findExtremum (Sound me, double tmin, double tmax, int includeMaxima, int includeMinima) {
long imin = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, tmin), imax = Sampled_xToHighIndex (me, tmax);
double iextremum;
Melder_assert (NUMdefined (tmin));
Melder_assert (NUMdefined (tmax));
if (imin < 1) imin = 1;
if (imax > my nx) imax = my nx;
iextremum = findExtremum_3 (my z [1], my ny > 1 ? my z [2] : NULL, imin - 1, imax - imin + 1, includeMaxima, includeMinima);
if (iextremum)
return my x1 + (imin - 1 + iextremum - 1) * my dx;
else
return (tmin + tmax) / 2;
}
autoCochleagram Sound_to_Cochleagram (Sound me, double dt, double df, double dt_window, double forwardMaskingTime) {
try {
double duration = my nx * my dx;
long nFrames = 1 + (long) floor ((duration - dt_window) / dt);
long nsamp_window = (long) floor (dt_window / my dx), halfnsamp_window = nsamp_window / 2 - 1;
long nf = lround (25.6 / df);
double dampingFactor = forwardMaskingTime > 0.0 ? exp (- dt / forwardMaskingTime) : 0.0; // default 30 ms
double integrationCorrection = 1.0 - dampingFactor;
nsamp_window = halfnsamp_window * 2;
if (nFrames < 2) return autoCochleagram ();
double t1 = my x1 + 0.5 * (duration - my dx - (nFrames - 1) * dt); // centre of first frame
autoCochleagram thee = Cochleagram_create (my xmin, my xmax, nFrames, dt, t1, df, nf);
autoSound window = Sound_createSimple (1, nsamp_window * my dx, 1.0 / my dx);
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= nFrames; iframe ++) {
double t = Sampled_indexToX (thee.get(), iframe);
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, t);
long rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
long endSample = rightSample + halfnsamp_window;
if (startSample < 1) {
Melder_casual (U"Start sample too small: ", startSample,
U" instead of 1.");
startSample = 1;
}
if (endSample > my nx) {
Melder_casual (U"End sample too small: ", endSample,
U" instead of ", my nx,
U".");
endSample = my nx;
}
/* Copy a window to a frame. */
for (long i = 1; i <= nsamp_window; i ++)
window -> z [1] [i] =
( my ny == 1 ? my z[1][i+startSample-1] : 0.5 * (my z[1][i+startSample-1] + my z[2][i+startSample-1]) ) *
(0.5 - 0.5 * cos (2.0 * NUMpi * i / (nsamp_window + 1)));
autoSpectrum spec = Sound_to_Spectrum (window.get(), true);
autoExcitation excitation = Spectrum_to_Excitation (spec.get(), df);
for (long ifreq = 1; ifreq <= nf; ifreq ++)
thy z [ifreq] [iframe] = excitation -> z [1] [ifreq] + ( iframe > 1 ? dampingFactor * thy z [ifreq] [iframe - 1] : 0 );
}
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= nFrames; iframe ++)
for (long ifreq = 1; ifreq <= nf; ifreq ++)
thy z [ifreq] [iframe] *= integrationCorrection;
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": not converted to Cochleagram.");
}
}
autoVocalTract LPC_to_VocalTract (LPC me, double time, double length) {
try {
long iframe = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, time); // ppgb: BUG? Is rounding down the correct thing to do?
if (iframe < 1) {
iframe = 1;
}
if (iframe > my nx) {
iframe = my nx;
}
LPC_Frame lpc = & my d_frames[iframe];
autoVocalTract thee = LPC_Frame_to_VocalTract (lpc, length);
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no VocalTract created.");
}
}
autoSpectrum ComplexSpectrogram_to_Spectrum (ComplexSpectrogram me, double time) {
try {
long iframe = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, time); // ppgb: geen Sampled_xToIndex gebruiken voor integers (afrondingen altijd expliciet maken)
iframe = iframe < 1 ? 1 : (iframe > my nx ? my nx : iframe);
autoSpectrum thee = Spectrum_create (my ymax, my ny);
for (long ifreq = 1; ifreq <= my ny; ifreq++) {
double a = sqrt (my z[ifreq][iframe]);
double phi = my phase[ifreq][iframe];
thy z[1][ifreq] = a * cos (phi);
thy z[2][ifreq] = a * sin (phi);
}
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no Spectrum created.");
}
}
autoVocalTract LPC_to_VocalTract (LPC me, double time, double glottalDamping, bool radiationDamping, bool internalDamping) {
try {
long iframe = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, time); // ppgb: BUG? Is rounding down the correct thing to do? not nearestIndex?
if (iframe < 1) {
iframe = 1;
}
if (iframe > my nx) {
iframe = my nx;
}
LPC_Frame lpc = & my d_frames[iframe];
autoVocalTract thee = LPC_Frame_to_VocalTract (lpc, 0.17);
double length = VocalTract_and_LPC_Frame_getMatchingLength (thee.peek(), lpc, glottalDamping, radiationDamping, internalDamping);
VocalTract_setLength (thee.peek(), length);
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no VocalTract created.");
}
}
void SPINET_drawSpectrum (SPINET me, Graphics g, double time, double fromErb, double toErb, double minimum, double maximum, int enhanced, int garnish) {
long ifmin, ifmax, icol = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, time); // ppgb: don't use Sampled2_xToColumn for integer rounding
double **z = enhanced ? my s : my y;
if (icol < 1 || icol > my nx) {
return;
}
if (toErb <= fromErb) {
fromErb = my ymin;
toErb = my ymax;
}
SampledXY_getWindowSamplesY (me, fromErb, toErb, &ifmin, &ifmax);
autoNUMvector<double> spec (1, my ny);
for (long i = 1; i <= my ny; i++) {
spec[i] = z[i][icol];
}
if (maximum <= minimum) {
NUMvector_extrema (spec.peek(), ifmin, ifmax, &minimum, &maximum);
}
if (maximum <= minimum) {
minimum -= 1;
maximum += 1;
}
for (long i = ifmin; i <= ifmax; i++) {
if (spec[i] > maximum) {
spec[i] = maximum;
} else if (spec[i] < minimum) {
spec[i] = minimum;
}
}
Graphics_setInner (g);
Graphics_setWindow (g, fromErb, toErb, minimum, maximum);
Graphics_function (g, spec.peek(), ifmin, ifmax, SampledXY_indexToY (me, ifmin), SampledXY_indexToY (me, ifmax));
Graphics_unsetInner (g);
if (garnish) {
Graphics_drawInnerBox (g);
Graphics_textBottom (g, true, U"Frequency (ERB)");
Graphics_marksBottom (g, 2, true, true, false);
Graphics_textLeft (g, true, U"strength");
Graphics_marksLeft (g, 2, true, true, false);
}
}
static void menu_cb_voiceless (EDITOR_ARGS) {
EDITOR_IAM (PitchEditor);
Pitch pitch = (Pitch) my data;
long ileft = Sampled_xToHighIndex (pitch, my d_startSelection);
long iright = Sampled_xToLowIndex (pitch, my d_endSelection);
if (ileft < 1) ileft = 1;
if (iright > pitch -> nx) iright = pitch -> nx;
Editor_save (me, L"Unvoice");
for (long i = ileft; i <= iright; i ++) {
Pitch_Frame frame = & pitch -> frame [i];
for (long cand = 1; cand <= frame -> nCandidates; cand ++) {
if (frame -> candidate [cand]. frequency == 0.0) {
struct structPitch_Candidate help = frame -> candidate [1];
frame -> candidate [1] = frame -> candidate [cand];
frame -> candidate [cand] = help;
}
}
}
FunctionEditor_redraw (me);
my broadcastDataChanged ();
}
/*
gain used as a constant amplitude multiplyer within a frame of duration my dx.
future alternative: convolve gain with a smoother.
*/
autoSound LPC_and_Sound_filter (LPC me, Sound thee, int useGain) {
try {
double xmin = my xmin > thy xmin ? my xmin : thy xmin;
double xmax = my xmax < thy xmax ? my xmax : thy xmax;
if (xmin >= xmax) {
Melder_throw (U"Domains of Sound [", thy xmin, U",", thy xmax, U"] and LPC [",
my xmin, U",", my xmax, U"] do not overlap.");
}
// resample sound if samplings don't match
autoSound source;
if (my samplingPeriod != thy dx) {
source = Sound_resample (thee, 1.0 / my samplingPeriod, 50);
thee = source.get(); // reference copy; remove at end
}
autoSound him = Data_copy (thee);
double *x = his z[1];
long ifirst = Sampled_xToHighIndex (thee, xmin);
long ilast = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee, xmax);
for (long i = ifirst; i <= ilast; i++) {
double t = his x1 + (i - 1) * his dx; /* Sampled_indexToX (him, i) */
long iFrame = lround ( (t - my x1) / my dx + 1.0); /* Sampled_xToNearestIndex (me, t) */
if (iFrame < 1) {
continue;
}
if (iFrame > my nx) {
break;
}
double *a = my d_frames[iFrame].a;
long m = i > my d_frames[iFrame].nCoefficients ? my d_frames[iFrame].nCoefficients : i - 1;
for (long j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
x[i] -= a[j] * x[i - j];
}
}
// Make samples before first frame and after last frame zero.
for (long i = 1; i < ifirst; i++) {
x[i] = 0.0;
}
for (long i = ilast + 1; i <= his nx; i++) {
x[i] = 0.0;
}
if (useGain) {
for (long i = ifirst; i <= ilast; i++) {
double t = his x1 + (i - 1) * his dx; /* Sampled_indexToX (him, i) */
double riFrame = (t - my x1) / my dx + 1; /* Sampled_xToIndex (me, t); */
long iFrame = (long) floor (riFrame);
double phase = riFrame - iFrame;
if (iFrame < 0 || iFrame > my nx) {
x[i] = 0.0;
} else if (iFrame == 0) {
x[i] *= sqrt (my d_frames[1].gain) * phase;
} else if (iFrame == my nx) {
x[i] *= sqrt (my d_frames[my nx].gain) * (1.0 - phase);
} else x[i] *=
phase * sqrt (my d_frames[iFrame + 1].gain) + (1.0 - phase) * sqrt (my d_frames[iFrame].gain);
}
}
return him;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (thee, U": not filtered.");
}
}
autoSpectrogram Sound_to_Spectrogram (Sound me, double effectiveAnalysisWidth, double fmax,
double minimumTimeStep1, double minimumFreqStep1, enum kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape windowType,
double maximumTimeOversampling, double maximumFreqOversampling)
{
try {
double nyquist = 0.5 / my dx;
double physicalAnalysisWidth =
windowType == kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_GAUSSIAN ? 2 * effectiveAnalysisWidth : effectiveAnalysisWidth;
double effectiveTimeWidth = effectiveAnalysisWidth / sqrt (NUMpi);
double effectiveFreqWidth = 1 / effectiveTimeWidth;
double minimumTimeStep2 = effectiveTimeWidth / maximumTimeOversampling;
double minimumFreqStep2 = effectiveFreqWidth / maximumFreqOversampling;
double timeStep = minimumTimeStep1 > minimumTimeStep2 ? minimumTimeStep1 : minimumTimeStep2;
double freqStep = minimumFreqStep1 > minimumFreqStep2 ? minimumFreqStep1 : minimumFreqStep2;
double duration = my dx * (double) my nx, windowssq = 0.0;
/*
* Compute the time sampling.
*/
long nsamp_window = (long) floor (physicalAnalysisWidth / my dx);
long halfnsamp_window = nsamp_window / 2 - 1;
nsamp_window = halfnsamp_window * 2;
if (nsamp_window < 1)
Melder_throw (U"Your analysis window is too short: less than two samples.");
if (physicalAnalysisWidth > duration)
Melder_throw (U"Your sound is too short:\n"
U"it should be at least as long as ",
windowType == kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_GAUSSIAN ? U"two window lengths." : U"one window length.");
long numberOfTimes = 1 + (long) floor ((duration - physicalAnalysisWidth) / timeStep); // >= 1
double t1 = my x1 + 0.5 * ((double) (my nx - 1) * my dx - (double) (numberOfTimes - 1) * timeStep);
/* Centre of first frame. */
/*
* Compute the frequency sampling of the FFT spectrum.
*/
if (fmax <= 0.0 || fmax > nyquist) fmax = nyquist;
long numberOfFreqs = (long) floor (fmax / freqStep);
if (numberOfFreqs < 1) return autoSpectrogram ();
long nsampFFT = 1;
while (nsampFFT < nsamp_window || nsampFFT < 2 * numberOfFreqs * (nyquist / fmax))
nsampFFT *= 2;
long half_nsampFFT = nsampFFT / 2;
/*
* Compute the frequency sampling of the spectrogram.
*/
long binWidth_samples = (long) floor (freqStep * my dx * nsampFFT);
if (binWidth_samples < 1) binWidth_samples = 1;
double binWidth_hertz = 1.0 / (my dx * nsampFFT);
freqStep = binWidth_samples * binWidth_hertz;
numberOfFreqs = (long) floor (fmax / freqStep);
if (numberOfFreqs < 1) return autoSpectrogram ();
autoSpectrogram thee = Spectrogram_create (my xmin, my xmax, numberOfTimes, timeStep, t1,
0.0, fmax, numberOfFreqs, freqStep, 0.5 * (freqStep - binWidth_hertz));
autoNUMvector <double> frame (1, nsampFFT);
autoNUMvector <double> spec (1, nsampFFT);
autoNUMvector <double> window (1, nsamp_window);
autoNUMfft_Table fftTable;
NUMfft_Table_init (& fftTable, nsampFFT);
autoMelderProgress progress (U"Sound to Spectrogram...");
for (long i = 1; i <= nsamp_window; i ++) {
double nSamplesPerWindow_f = physicalAnalysisWidth / my dx;
double phase = (double) i / nSamplesPerWindow_f; // 0 .. 1
double value;
switch (windowType) {
case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_SQUARE:
value = 1.0;
break; case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_HAMMING:
value = 0.54 - 0.46 * cos (2.0 * NUMpi * phase);
break; case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_BARTLETT:
value = 1.0 - fabs ((2.0 * phase - 1.0));
break; case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_WELCH:
value = 1.0 - (2.0 * phase - 1.0) * (2.0 * phase - 1.0);
break; case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_HANNING:
value = 0.5 * (1.0 - cos (2.0 * NUMpi * phase));
break; case kSound_to_Spectrogram_windowShape_GAUSSIAN:
{
double imid = 0.5 * (double) (nsamp_window + 1), edge = exp (-12.0);
phase = ((double) i - imid) / nSamplesPerWindow_f; /* -0.5 .. +0.5 */
value = (exp (-48.0 * phase * phase) - edge) / (1.0 - edge);
break;
}
break; default:
value = 1.0;
}
window [i] = (float) value;
windowssq += value * value;
}
double oneByBinWidth = 1.0 / windowssq / binWidth_samples;
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= numberOfTimes; iframe ++) {
double t = Sampled_indexToX (thee.peek(), iframe);
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, t), rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
long endSample = leftSample + halfnsamp_window;
Melder_assert (startSample >= 1);
Melder_assert (endSample <= my nx);
for (long i = 1; i <= half_nsampFFT; i ++) {
spec [i] = 0.0;
}
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
for (long j = 1, i = startSample; j <= nsamp_window; j ++) {
frame [j] = my z [channel] [i ++] * window [j];
}
for (long j = nsamp_window + 1; j <= nsampFFT; j ++) frame [j] = 0.0f;
Melder_progress (iframe / (numberOfTimes + 1.0),
U"Sound to Spectrogram: analysis of frame ", iframe, U" out of ", numberOfTimes);
/* Compute Fast Fourier Transform of the frame. */
NUMfft_forward (& fftTable, frame.peek()); // complex spectrum
/* Put power spectrum in frame [1..half_nsampFFT + 1]. */
spec [1] += frame [1] * frame [1]; // DC component
for (long i = 2; i <= half_nsampFFT; i ++)
spec [i] += frame [i + i - 2] * frame [i + i - 2] + frame [i + i - 1] * frame [i + i - 1];
spec [half_nsampFFT + 1] += frame [nsampFFT] * frame [nsampFFT]; // Nyquist frequency. Correct??
}
if (my ny > 1 ) for (long i = 1; i <= half_nsampFFT; i ++) {
spec [i] /= my ny;
}
/* Bin into frame [1..nBands]. */
for (long iband = 1; iband <= numberOfFreqs; iband ++) {
long leftsample = (iband - 1) * binWidth_samples + 1, rightsample = leftsample + binWidth_samples;
float power = 0.0f;
for (long i = leftsample; i < rightsample; i ++) power += spec [i];
thy z [iband] [iframe] = power * oneByBinWidth;
}
}
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": spectrogram analysis not performed.");
}
}
static void Sound_into_PitchFrame (Sound me, Pitch_Frame pitchFrame, double t,
double minimumPitch, int maxnCandidates, int method, double voicingThreshold, double octaveCost,
NUMfft_Table fftTable, double dt_window, long nsamp_window, long halfnsamp_window,
long maximumLag, long nsampFFT, long nsamp_period, long halfnsamp_period,
long brent_ixmax, long brent_depth, double globalPeak,
double **frame, double *ac, double *window, double *windowR,
double *r, long *imax, double *localMean)
{
double localPeak;
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, t), rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample, endSample;
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
/*
* Compute the local mean; look one longest period to both sides.
*/
startSample = rightSample - nsamp_period;
endSample = leftSample + nsamp_period;
Melder_assert (startSample >= 1);
Melder_assert (endSample <= my nx);
localMean [channel] = 0.0;
for (long i = startSample; i <= endSample; i ++) {
localMean [channel] += my z [channel] [i];
}
localMean [channel] /= 2 * nsamp_period;
/*
* Copy a window to a frame and subtract the local mean.
* We are going to kill the DC component before windowing.
*/
startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
endSample = leftSample + halfnsamp_window;
Melder_assert (startSample >= 1);
Melder_assert (endSample <= my nx);
if (method < FCC_NORMAL) {
for (long j = 1, i = startSample; j <= nsamp_window; j ++)
frame [channel] [j] = (my z [channel] [i ++] - localMean [channel]) * window [j];
for (long j = nsamp_window + 1; j <= nsampFFT; j ++)
frame [channel] [j] = 0.0;
} else {
for (long j = 1, i = startSample; j <= nsamp_window; j ++)
frame [channel] [j] = my z [channel] [i ++] - localMean [channel];
}
}
/*
* Compute the local peak; look half a longest period to both sides.
*/
localPeak = 0.0;
if ((startSample = halfnsamp_window + 1 - halfnsamp_period) < 1) startSample = 1;
if ((endSample = halfnsamp_window + halfnsamp_period) > nsamp_window) endSample = nsamp_window;
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
for (long j = startSample; j <= endSample; j ++) {
double value = fabs (frame [channel] [j]);
if (value > localPeak) localPeak = value;
}
}
pitchFrame->intensity = localPeak > globalPeak ? 1.0 : localPeak / globalPeak;
/*
* Compute the correlation into the array 'r'.
*/
if (method >= FCC_NORMAL) {
double startTime = t - 0.5 * (1.0 / minimumPitch + dt_window);
long localSpan = maximumLag + nsamp_window, localMaximumLag, offset;
if ((startSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, startTime)) < 1) startSample = 1;
if (localSpan > my nx + 1 - startSample) localSpan = my nx + 1 - startSample;
localMaximumLag = localSpan - nsamp_window;
offset = startSample - 1;
double sumx2 = 0; // sum of squares
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
double *amp = my z [channel] + offset;
for (long i = 1; i <= nsamp_window; i ++) {
double x = amp [i] - localMean [channel];
sumx2 += x * x;
}
}
double sumy2 = sumx2; // at zero lag, these are still equal
r [0] = 1.0;
for (long i = 1; i <= localMaximumLag; i ++) {
double product = 0.0;
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
double *amp = my z [channel] + offset;
double y0 = amp [i] - localMean [channel];
double yZ = amp [i + nsamp_window] - localMean [channel];
sumy2 += yZ * yZ - y0 * y0;
for (long j = 1; j <= nsamp_window; j ++) {
double x = amp [j] - localMean [channel];
double y = amp [i + j] - localMean [channel];
product += x * y;
}
}
r [- i] = r [i] = product / sqrt (sumx2 * sumy2);
}
} else {
/*
* The FFT of the autocorrelation is the power spectrum.
*/
for (long i = 1; i <= nsampFFT; i ++) {
ac [i] = 0.0;
}
for (long channel = 1; channel <= my ny; channel ++) {
NUMfft_forward (fftTable, frame [channel]); // complex spectrum
ac [1] += frame [channel] [1] * frame [channel] [1]; // DC component
for (long i = 2; i < nsampFFT; i += 2) {
ac [i] += frame [channel] [i] * frame [channel] [i] + frame [channel] [i+1] * frame [channel] [i+1]; // power spectrum
}
ac [nsampFFT] += frame [channel] [nsampFFT] * frame [channel] [nsampFFT]; // Nyquist frequency
}
NUMfft_backward (fftTable, ac); /* Autocorrelation. */
/*
* Normalize the autocorrelation to the value with zero lag,
* and divide it by the normalized autocorrelation of the window.
*/
r [0] = 1.0;
for (long i = 1; i <= brent_ixmax; i ++)
r [- i] = r [i] = ac [i + 1] / (ac [1] * windowR [i + 1]);
}
/*
* Register the first candidate, which is always present: voicelessness.
*/
pitchFrame->nCandidates = 1;
pitchFrame->candidate[1].frequency = 0.0; // voiceless: always present
pitchFrame->candidate[1].strength = 0.0;
/*
* Shortcut: absolute silence is always voiceless.
* We are done for this frame.
*/
if (localPeak == 0) return;
/*
* Find the strongest maxima of the correlation of this frame,
* and register them as candidates.
*/
imax [1] = 0;
for (long i = 2; i < maximumLag && i < brent_ixmax; i ++)
if (r [i] > 0.5 * voicingThreshold && // not too unvoiced?
r [i] > r [i-1] && r [i] >= r [i+1]) // maximum?
{
int place = 0;
/*
* Use parabolic interpolation for first estimate of frequency,
* and sin(x)/x interpolation to compute the strength of this frequency.
*/
double dr = 0.5 * (r [i+1] - r [i-1]), d2r = 2 * r [i] - r [i-1] - r [i+1];
double frequencyOfMaximum = 1 / my dx / (i + dr / d2r);
long offset = - brent_ixmax - 1;
double strengthOfMaximum = /* method & 1 ? */
NUM_interpolate_sinc (& r [offset], brent_ixmax - offset, 1 / my dx / frequencyOfMaximum - offset, 30)
/* : r [i] + 0.5 * dr * dr / d2r */;
/* High values due to short windows are to be reflected around 1. */
if (strengthOfMaximum > 1.0) strengthOfMaximum = 1.0 / strengthOfMaximum;
/*
* Find a place for this maximum.
*/
if (pitchFrame->nCandidates < maxnCandidates) { // is there still a free place?
place = ++ pitchFrame->nCandidates;
} else {
/* Try the place of the weakest candidate so far. */
double weakest = 2;
for (int iweak = 2; iweak <= maxnCandidates; iweak ++) {
/* High frequencies are to be favoured */
/* if we want to analyze a perfectly periodic signal correctly. */
double localStrength = pitchFrame->candidate[iweak].strength - octaveCost *
NUMlog2 (minimumPitch / pitchFrame->candidate[iweak].frequency);
if (localStrength < weakest) { weakest = localStrength; place = iweak; }
}
/* If this maximum is weaker than the weakest candidate so far, give it no place. */
if (strengthOfMaximum - octaveCost * NUMlog2 (minimumPitch / frequencyOfMaximum) <= weakest)
place = 0;
}
if (place) { // have we found a place for this candidate?
pitchFrame->candidate[place].frequency = frequencyOfMaximum;
pitchFrame->candidate[place].strength = strengthOfMaximum;
imax [place] = i;
}
}
/*
* Second pass: for extra precision, maximize sin(x)/x interpolation ('sinc').
*/
for (long i = 2; i <= pitchFrame->nCandidates; i ++) {
if (method != AC_HANNING || pitchFrame->candidate[i].frequency > 0.0 / my dx) {
double xmid, ymid;
long offset = - brent_ixmax - 1;
ymid = NUMimproveMaximum (& r [offset], brent_ixmax - offset, imax [i] - offset,
pitchFrame->candidate[i].frequency > 0.3 / my dx ? NUM_PEAK_INTERPOLATE_SINC700 : brent_depth, & xmid);
xmid += offset;
pitchFrame->candidate[i].frequency = 1.0 / my dx / xmid;
if (ymid > 1.0) ymid = 1.0 / ymid;
pitchFrame->candidate[i].strength = ymid;
}
}
}
autoSound Sound_Point_Pitch_Duration_to_Sound (Sound me, PointProcess pulses,
PitchTier pitch, DurationTier duration, double maxT)
{
try {
long ipointleft, ipointright;
double deltat = 0, handledTime = my xmin;
double startOfSourceNoise, endOfSourceNoise, startOfTargetNoise, endOfTargetNoise;
double durationOfSourceNoise, durationOfTargetNoise;
double startOfSourceVoice, endOfSourceVoice, startOfTargetVoice, endOfTargetVoice;
double durationOfSourceVoice, durationOfTargetVoice;
double startingPeriod, finishingPeriod, ttarget, voicelessPeriod;
if (duration -> points.size == 0)
Melder_throw (U"No duration points.");
/*
* Create a Sound long enough to hold the longest possible duration-manipulated sound.
*/
autoSound thee = Sound_create (1, my xmin, my xmin + 3 * (my xmax - my xmin), 3 * my nx, my dx, my x1);
/*
* Below, I'll abbreviate the voiced interval as "voice" and the voiceless interval as "noise".
*/
if (pitch && pitch -> points.size) for (ipointleft = 1; ipointleft <= pulses -> nt; ipointleft = ipointright + 1) {
/*
* Find the beginning of the voice.
*/
startOfSourceVoice = pulses -> t [ipointleft]; // the first pulse of the voice
startingPeriod = 1.0 / RealTier_getValueAtTime (pitch, startOfSourceVoice);
startOfSourceVoice -= 0.5 * startingPeriod; // the first pulse is in the middle of a period
/*
* Measure one noise.
*/
startOfSourceNoise = handledTime;
endOfSourceNoise = startOfSourceVoice;
durationOfSourceNoise = endOfSourceNoise - startOfSourceNoise;
startOfTargetNoise = startOfSourceNoise + deltat;
endOfTargetNoise = startOfTargetNoise + RealTier_getArea (duration, startOfSourceNoise, endOfSourceNoise);
durationOfTargetNoise = endOfTargetNoise - startOfTargetNoise;
/*
* Copy the noise.
*/
voicelessPeriod = NUMrandomUniform (0.008, 0.012);
ttarget = startOfTargetNoise + 0.5 * voicelessPeriod;
while (ttarget < endOfTargetNoise) {
double tsource;
double tleft = startOfSourceNoise, tright = endOfSourceNoise;
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 15; i ++) {
double tsourcemid = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
double ttargetmid = startOfTargetNoise + RealTier_getArea (duration,
startOfSourceNoise, tsourcemid);
if (ttargetmid < ttarget) tleft = tsourcemid; else tright = tsourcemid;
}
tsource = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
copyBell (me, tsource, voicelessPeriod, voicelessPeriod, thee.get(), ttarget);
voicelessPeriod = NUMrandomUniform (0.008, 0.012);
ttarget += voicelessPeriod;
}
deltat += durationOfTargetNoise - durationOfSourceNoise;
/*
* Find the end of the voice.
*/
for (ipointright = ipointleft + 1; ipointright <= pulses -> nt; ipointright ++)
if (pulses -> t [ipointright] - pulses -> t [ipointright - 1] > maxT)
break;
ipointright --;
endOfSourceVoice = pulses -> t [ipointright]; // the last pulse of the voice
finishingPeriod = 1.0 / RealTier_getValueAtTime (pitch, endOfSourceVoice);
endOfSourceVoice += 0.5 * finishingPeriod; // the last pulse is in the middle of a period
/*
* Measure one voice.
*/
durationOfSourceVoice = endOfSourceVoice - startOfSourceVoice;
/*
* This will be copied to an interval with a different location and duration.
*/
startOfTargetVoice = startOfSourceVoice + deltat;
endOfTargetVoice = startOfTargetVoice +
RealTier_getArea (duration, startOfSourceVoice, endOfSourceVoice);
durationOfTargetVoice = endOfTargetVoice - startOfTargetVoice;
/*
* Copy the voiced part.
*/
ttarget = startOfTargetVoice + 0.5 * startingPeriod;
while (ttarget < endOfTargetVoice) {
double tsource, period;
long isourcepulse;
double tleft = startOfSourceVoice, tright = endOfSourceVoice;
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 15; i ++) {
double tsourcemid = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
double ttargetmid = startOfTargetVoice + RealTier_getArea (duration,
startOfSourceVoice, tsourcemid);
if (ttargetmid < ttarget) tleft = tsourcemid; else tright = tsourcemid;
}
tsource = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
period = 1.0 / RealTier_getValueAtTime (pitch, tsource);
isourcepulse = PointProcess_getNearestIndex (pulses, tsource);
copyBell2 (me, pulses, isourcepulse, period, period, thee.get(), ttarget, maxT);
ttarget += period;
}
deltat += durationOfTargetVoice - durationOfSourceVoice;
handledTime = endOfSourceVoice;
}
/*
* Copy the remaining unvoiced part, if we are at the end.
*/
startOfSourceNoise = handledTime;
endOfSourceNoise = my xmax;
durationOfSourceNoise = endOfSourceNoise - startOfSourceNoise;
startOfTargetNoise = startOfSourceNoise + deltat;
endOfTargetNoise = startOfTargetNoise + RealTier_getArea (duration, startOfSourceNoise, endOfSourceNoise);
durationOfTargetNoise = endOfTargetNoise - startOfTargetNoise;
voicelessPeriod = NUMrandomUniform (0.008, 0.012);
ttarget = startOfTargetNoise + 0.5 * voicelessPeriod;
while (ttarget < endOfTargetNoise) {
double tsource;
double tleft = startOfSourceNoise, tright = endOfSourceNoise;
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i ++) {
double tsourcemid = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
double ttargetmid = startOfTargetNoise + RealTier_getArea (duration,
startOfSourceNoise, tsourcemid);
if (ttargetmid < ttarget) tleft = tsourcemid; else tright = tsourcemid;
}
tsource = 0.5 * (tleft + tright);
copyBell (me, tsource, voicelessPeriod, voicelessPeriod, thee.get(), ttarget);
voicelessPeriod = NUMrandomUniform (0.008, 0.012);
ttarget += voicelessPeriod;
}
/*
* Find the number of trailing zeroes and hack the sound's time domain.
*/
thy xmax = thy xmin + RealTier_getArea (duration, my xmin, my xmax);
if (fabs (thy xmax - my xmax) < 1e-12) thy xmax = my xmax; // common situation
thy nx = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee.get(), thy xmax);
if (thy nx > 3 * my nx) thy nx = 3 * my nx;
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": not manipulated.");
}
}
PowerCepstrogram Sound_to_PowerCepstrogram_hillenbrand (Sound me, double minimumPitch, double dt) {
try {
// minimum analysis window has 3 periods of lowest pitch
double analysisWidth = 3 / minimumPitch;
if (analysisWidth > my dx * my nx) {
analysisWidth = my dx * my nx;
}
double t1, samplingFrequency = 1.0 / my dx;
autoSound thee;
if (samplingFrequency > 30000) {
samplingFrequency = samplingFrequency / 2.0;
thee.reset (Sound_resample (me, samplingFrequency, 1));
} else {
thee.reset (Data_copy (me));
}
// pre-emphasis with fixed coefficient 0.9
for (long i = thy nx; i > 1; i--) {
thy z[1][i] -= 0.9 * thy z[1][i - 1];
}
long nosInWindow = (long) floor (analysisWidth * samplingFrequency), nFrames;
if (nosInWindow < 8) {
Melder_throw (U"Analysis window too short.");
}
Sampled_shortTermAnalysis (thee.peek(), analysisWidth, dt, & nFrames, & t1);
autoNUMvector<double> hamming (1, nosInWindow);
for (long i = 1; i <= nosInWindow; i++) {
hamming[i] = 0.54 -0.46 * cos(2 * NUMpi * (i - 1) / (nosInWindow - 1));
}
long nfft = 8; // minimum possible
while (nfft < nosInWindow) {
nfft *= 2;
}
long nfftdiv2 = nfft / 2;
autoNUMvector<double> fftbuf (1, nfft); // "complex" array
autoNUMvector<double> spectrum (1, nfftdiv2 + 1); // +1 needed
autoNUMfft_Table fftTable;
NUMfft_Table_init (&fftTable, nfft); // sound to spectrum
double qmax = 0.5 * nfft / samplingFrequency, dq = qmax / (nfftdiv2 + 1);
autoPowerCepstrogram him = PowerCepstrogram_create (my xmin, my xmax, nFrames, dt, t1, 0, qmax, nfftdiv2+1, dq, 0);
autoMelderProgress progress (U"Cepstrogram analysis");
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= nFrames; iframe++) {
double tbegin = t1 + (iframe - 1) * dt - analysisWidth / 2;
tbegin = tbegin < thy xmin ? thy xmin : tbegin;
long istart = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee.peek(), tbegin); // ppgb: afronding naar beneden?
istart = istart < 1 ? 1 : istart;
long iend = istart + nosInWindow - 1;
iend = iend > thy nx ? thy nx : iend;
for (long i = 1; i <= nosInWindow; i++) {
fftbuf[i] = thy z[1][istart + i - 1] * hamming[i];
}
for (long i = nosInWindow + 1; i <= nfft; i++) {
fftbuf[i] = 0;
}
NUMfft_forward (&fftTable, fftbuf.peek());
complexfftoutput_to_power (fftbuf.peek(), nfft, spectrum.peek(), true); // log10(|fft|^2)
// subtract average
double specmean = spectrum[1];
for (long i = 2; i <= nfftdiv2 + 1; i++) {
specmean += spectrum[i];
}
specmean /= nfftdiv2 + 1;
for (long i = 1; i <= nfftdiv2 + 1; i++) {
spectrum[i] -= specmean;
}
/*
* Here we diverge from Hillenbrand as he takes the fft of half of the spectral values.
* H. forgets that the actual spectrum has nfft/2+1 values. Thefore, we take the inverse
* transform because this keeps the number of samples a power of 2.
* At the same time this results in twice as much numbers in the quefrency domain, i.e. we end with nfft/2+1
* numbers while H. has only nfft/4!
*/
fftbuf[1] = spectrum[1];
for (long i = 2; i < nfftdiv2 + 1; i++) {
fftbuf[i+i-2] = spectrum[i];
fftbuf[i+i-1] = 0;
}
fftbuf[nfft] = spectrum[nfftdiv2 + 1];
NUMfft_backward (&fftTable, fftbuf.peek());
for (long i = 1; i <= nfftdiv2 + 1; i++) {
his z[i][iframe] = fftbuf[i] * fftbuf[i];
}
if ((iframe % 10) == 1) {
Melder_progress ((double) iframe / nFrames, U"Cepstrogram analysis of frame ",
iframe, U" out of ", nFrames, U".");
}
}
return him.transfer();
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no Cepstrogram created.");
}
}
Polygon Sounds_to_Polygon_enclosed (Sound me, Sound thee, int channel, double tmin, double tmax, double ymin, double ymax) {
try {
bool clip = ymin < ymax;
if (my ny > 1 && thy ny > 1 && my ny != thy ny) {
Melder_throw ("The numbers of channels of the two sounds have to be equal or 1.");
}
long numberOfChannels = my ny > thy ny ? my ny : thy ny;
if (channel < 1 || channel > numberOfChannels) {
Melder_throw ("Channel does not exist.");
}
// find overlap in the domains with xmin workaround as in Sound_to_Polygon
double xmin1 = my x1 - 0.5 * my dx, xmin2 = thy x1 - 0.5 * thy dx ;
double xmin = my xmin > thy xmin ? xmin1 : xmin2;
double xmax = my xmax < thy xmax ? xmin1 + my nx * my dx : xmin2 + thy nx * thy dx;
if (xmax <= xmin) {
Melder_throw ("Domains must overlap.");
}
if (tmin >= tmax) {
tmin = xmin;
tmax = xmax;
}
if (tmin < xmin) {
tmin = xmin;
}
if (tmax > xmax) {
tmax = xmax;
}
if (tmin >= xmax || tmax < xmin) {
Melder_throw ("Invalid domain.");
}
long k = 1;
long ib1 = Sampled_xToHighIndex (me, tmin);
long ie1 = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, tmax);
long n1 = ie1 - ib1 + 1;
long ib2 = Sampled_xToHighIndex (thee, tmin);
long ie2 = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee, tmax);
long n2 = ie2 - ib2 + 1;
long numberOfPoints = n1 + n2 + 4; // me + thee + begin + endpoint + closing
autoPolygon him = Polygon_create (numberOfPoints);
// my starting point at tmin
double y = Vector_getValueAtX (me, tmin, (my ny == 1 ? 1 : channel), Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his x[k] = tmin;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
// my samples
for (long i = ib1; i <= ie1; i++) {
double t = my x1 + (i - 1) * my dx;
y = my z[my ny == 1 ? 1 : channel][i];
his x[k] = t;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
}
// my end point at tmax
y = Vector_getValueAtX (me, tmax, (my ny == 1 ? 1 : channel), Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his x[k] = tmax;
his y[k++] = y;
// thy starting point at tmax
y = Vector_getValueAtX (thee, tmax, (thy ny == 1 ? 1 : channel), Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his x[k] = tmax;
his y[k++] = y;
// thy samples
for (long i = ie2; i >= ib2; i--) {
double t = thy x1 + (i - 1) * thy dx;
y = thy z[thy ny == 1 ? 1 : channel][i];
his x[k] = t;
his y[k++] = CLIP_Y (y, ymin, ymax);
}
// thy end point at tmin
y = Vector_getValueAtX (thee, tmin, (thy ny == 1 ? 1 : channel), Vector_VALUE_INTERPOLATION_LINEAR);
his x[k] = tmin;
his y[k] = y;
Melder_assert (k == numberOfPoints);
return him.transfer();
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, ": no enclosed Polygon created.");
}
}
static autoFormant Sound_to_Formant_any_inline (Sound me, double dt_in, int numberOfPoles,
double halfdt_window, int which, double preemphasisFrequency, double safetyMargin)
{
double dt = dt_in > 0.0 ? dt_in : halfdt_window / 4.0;
double duration = my nx * my dx, t1;
double dt_window = 2.0 * halfdt_window;
long nFrames = 1 + (long) floor ((duration - dt_window) / dt);
long nsamp_window = (long) floor (dt_window / my dx), halfnsamp_window = nsamp_window / 2;
if (nsamp_window < numberOfPoles + 1)
Melder_throw (U"Window too short.");
t1 = my x1 + 0.5 * (duration - my dx - (nFrames - 1) * dt); // centre of first frame
if (nFrames < 1) {
nFrames = 1;
t1 = my x1 + 0.5 * duration;
dt_window = duration;
nsamp_window = my nx;
}
autoFormant thee = Formant_create (my xmin, my xmax, nFrames, dt, t1, (numberOfPoles + 1) / 2); // e.g. 11 poles -> maximally 6 formants
autoNUMvector <double> window (1, nsamp_window);
autoNUMvector <double> frame (1, nsamp_window);
autoNUMvector <double> cof (1, numberOfPoles); // superfluous if which==2, but nobody uses that anyway
autoMelderProgress progress (U"Formant analysis...");
/* Pre-emphasis. */
Sound_preEmphasis (me, preemphasisFrequency);
/* Gaussian window. */
for (long i = 1; i <= nsamp_window; i ++) {
double imid = 0.5 * (nsamp_window + 1), edge = exp (-12.0);
window [i] = (exp (-48.0 * (i - imid) * (i - imid) / (nsamp_window + 1) / (nsamp_window + 1)) - edge) / (1.0 - edge);
}
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= nFrames; iframe ++) {
double t = Sampled_indexToX (thee.peek(), iframe);
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (me, t);
long rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
long endSample = leftSample + halfnsamp_window;
double maximumIntensity = 0.0;
if (startSample < 1) startSample = 1;
if (endSample > my nx) endSample = my nx;
for (long i = startSample; i <= endSample; i ++) {
double value = Sampled_getValueAtSample (me, i, Sound_LEVEL_MONO, 0);
if (value * value > maximumIntensity) {
maximumIntensity = value * value;
}
}
if (maximumIntensity == HUGE_VAL)
Melder_throw (U"Sound contains infinities.");
thy d_frames [iframe]. intensity = maximumIntensity;
if (maximumIntensity == 0.0) continue; // Burg cannot stand all zeroes
/* Copy a pre-emphasized window to a frame. */
for (long j = 1, i = startSample; j <= nsamp_window; j ++)
frame [j] = Sampled_getValueAtSample (me, i ++, Sound_LEVEL_MONO, 0) * window [j];
if (which == 1) {
burg (frame.peek(), endSample - startSample + 1, cof.peek(), numberOfPoles, & thy d_frames [iframe], 0.5 / my dx, safetyMargin);
} else if (which == 2) {
if (! splitLevinson (frame.peek(), endSample - startSample + 1, numberOfPoles, & thy d_frames [iframe], 0.5 / my dx)) {
Melder_clearError ();
Melder_casual (U"(Sound_to_Formant:)"
U" Analysis results of frame ", iframe,
U" will be wrong."
);
}
}
Melder_progress ((double) iframe / (double) nFrames, U"Formant analysis: frame ", iframe);
}
Formant_sort (thee.peek());
return thee;
}
static void menu_cb_Paste (SoundEditor me, EDITOR_ARGS_DIRECT) {
Sound sound = (Sound) my data;
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (sound, my d_endSelection);
long oldNumberOfSamples = sound -> nx, newNumberOfSamples;
double **oldData = sound -> z;
if (! Sound_clipboard) {
Melder_warning (U"Clipboard is empty; nothing pasted.");
return;
}
if (Sound_clipboard -> ny != sound -> ny)
Melder_throw (U"Cannot paste, because\n"
U"the number of channels of the clipboard is not equal to\n"
U"the number of channels of the edited sound.");
if (Sound_clipboard -> dx != sound -> dx)
Melder_throw (U"Cannot paste, because\n"
U"the sampling frequency of the clipboard is not equal to\n"
U"the sampling frequency of the edited sound.");
if (leftSample < 0) leftSample = 0;
if (leftSample > oldNumberOfSamples) leftSample = oldNumberOfSamples;
newNumberOfSamples = oldNumberOfSamples + Sound_clipboard -> nx;
/*
* Check without change.
*/
autoNUMmatrix <double> newData (1, sound -> ny, 1, newNumberOfSamples);
for (long channel = 1; channel <= sound -> ny; channel ++) {
long j = 0;
for (long i = 1; i <= leftSample; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = oldData [channel] [i];
}
for (long i = 1; i <= Sound_clipboard -> nx; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = Sound_clipboard -> z [channel] [i];
}
for (long i = leftSample + 1; i <= oldNumberOfSamples; i ++) {
newData [channel] [++ j] = oldData [channel] [i];
}
}
Editor_save (me, U"Paste");
/*
* Change without error.
*/
NUMmatrix_free <double> (oldData, 1, 1);
sound -> xmin = 0.0;
sound -> xmax = newNumberOfSamples * sound -> dx;
sound -> nx = newNumberOfSamples;
sound -> x1 = 0.5 * sound -> dx;
sound -> z = newData.transfer();
/* Start updating the markers of the FunctionEditor, respecting the invariants. */
my tmin = sound -> xmin;
my tmax = sound -> xmax;
my d_startSelection = leftSample * sound -> dx;
my d_endSelection = (leftSample + Sound_clipboard -> nx) * sound -> dx;
/* Force FunctionEditor to show changes. */
Matrix_getWindowExtrema (sound, 1, sound -> nx, 1, sound -> ny, & my d_sound.minimum, & my d_sound.maximum);
my v_reset_analysis ();
FunctionEditor_ungroup (me);
FunctionEditor_marksChanged (me, false);
Editor_broadcastDataChanged (me);
}
autoSound ComplexSpectrogram_to_Sound (ComplexSpectrogram me, double stretchFactor) {
try {
/* original number of samples is odd: imaginary part of last spectral value is zero ->
* phase is either zero or +/-pi
*/
double pi = atan2 (0.0, - 0.5);
double samplingFrequency = 2.0 * my ymax;
double lastFrequency = my y1 + (my ny - 1) * my dy, lastPhase = my phase[my ny][1];
int originalNumberOfSamplesProbablyOdd = (lastPhase != 0.0 && lastPhase != pi && lastPhase != -pi) ||
my ymax - lastFrequency > 0.25 * my dx;
if (my y1 != 0.0) {
Melder_throw (U"A Fourier-transformable ComplexSpectrogram must have a first frequency of 0 Hz, not ", my y1, U" Hz.");
}
long nsamp_window = 2 * my ny - (originalNumberOfSamplesProbablyOdd ? 1 : 2 );
long halfnsamp_window = nsamp_window / 2;
double synthesisWindowDuration = nsamp_window / samplingFrequency;
autoSpectrum spectrum = Spectrum_create (my ymax, my ny);
autoSound synthesisWindow = Sound_createSimple (1, synthesisWindowDuration, samplingFrequency);
double newDuration = (my xmax - my xmin) * stretchFactor;
autoSound thee = Sound_createSimple (1, newDuration, samplingFrequency); //TODO
double thyStartTime;
for (long iframe = 1; iframe <= my nx; iframe++) {
// "original" sound :
double tmid = Sampled_indexToX (me, iframe);
long leftSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee.get(), tmid);
long rightSample = leftSample + 1;
long startSample = rightSample - halfnsamp_window;
double startTime = Sampled_indexToX (thee.get(), startSample);
if (iframe == 1) {
thyStartTime = Sampled_indexToX (thee.get(), startSample);
}
//long endSample = leftSample + halfnsamp_window;
// New Sound with stretch
long thyStartSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee.get(),thyStartTime);
double thyEndTime = thyStartTime + my dx * stretchFactor;
long thyEndSample = Sampled_xToLowIndex (thee.get(), thyEndTime);
long stretchedStepSizeSamples = thyEndSample - thyStartSample + 1;
//double extraTime = (thyStartSample - startSample + 1) * thy dx;
double extraTime = (thyStartTime - startTime);
spectrum -> z[1][1] = sqrt (my z[1][iframe]);
for (long ifreq = 2; ifreq <= my ny; ifreq++) {
double f = my y1 + (ifreq - 1) * my dy;
double a = sqrt (my z[ifreq][iframe]);
double phi = my phase[ifreq][iframe], intPart;
double extraPhase = 2.0 * pi * modf (extraTime * f, &intPart); // fractional part
phi += extraPhase;
spectrum -> z[1][ifreq] = a * cos (phi);
spectrum -> z[2][ifreq] = a * sin (phi);
}
autoSound synthesis = Spectrum_to_Sound (spectrum.get());
// Where should the sound be placed?
long thyEndSampleP = (long) floor (fmin (thyStartSample + synthesis -> nx - 1, thyStartSample + stretchedStepSizeSamples - 1)); // guard against extreme stretches
if (iframe == my nx) {
thyEndSampleP = (long) floor (fmin (thy nx, thyStartSample + synthesis -> nx - 1)); // ppgb: waarom naar beneden afgerond?
}
for (long j = thyStartSample; j <= thyEndSampleP; j++) {
thy z[1][j] = synthesis -> z[1][j - thyStartSample + 1];
}
thyStartTime += my dx * stretchFactor;
}
return thee;
} catch (MelderError) {
Melder_throw (me, U": no Sound created.");
}
}