inline typename UpscalerBase<Traits>::permtensor_t
UpscalerBase<Traits>::upscaleEffectivePerm(const FluidInterface& fluid)
{
int num_cells = ginterf_.numberOfCells();
// No source or sink.
std::vector<double> src(num_cells, 0.0);
// Just water.
std::vector<double> sat(num_cells, 1.0);
// Gravity.
Dune::FieldVector<double, 3> gravity(0.0);
// gravity[2] = -Dune::unit::gravity;
permtensor_t upscaled_K(3, 3, (double*)0);
for (int pdd = 0; pdd < Dimension; ++pdd) {
setupUpscalingConditions(ginterf_, bctype_, pdd, 1.0, 1.0, twodim_hack_, bcond_);
if (pdd == 0) {
// Only on first iteration, since we do not change the
// structure of the system, the way the flow solver is
// implemented.
flow_solver_.init(ginterf_, res_prop_, gravity, bcond_);
}
// Run pressure solver.
bool same_matrix = (bctype_ != Fixed) && (pdd != 0);
flow_solver_.solve(fluid, sat, bcond_, src, residual_tolerance_,
linsolver_verbosity_,
linsolver_type_, same_matrix,
linsolver_maxit_, linsolver_prolongate_factor_,
linsolver_smooth_steps_);
double max_mod = flow_solver_.postProcessFluxes();
std::cout << "Max mod = " << max_mod << std::endl;
// Compute upscaled K.
double Q[Dimension] = { 0 };
switch (bctype_) {
case Fixed:
Q[pdd] = computeAverageVelocity(flow_solver_.getSolution(), pdd, pdd);
break;
case Linear:
case Periodic:
for (int i = 0; i < Dimension; ++i) {
Q[i] = computeAverageVelocity(flow_solver_.getSolution(), i, pdd);
}
break;
default:
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown boundary type: " << bctype_);
}
double delta = computeDelta(pdd);
for (int i = 0; i < Dimension; ++i) {
upscaled_K(i, pdd) = Q[i] * delta;
}
}
return upscaled_K;
}
inline void setupBoundaryConditions(const Opm::parameter::ParameterGroup& param,
const GridInterface& g,
BCs& bcs)
{
if (param.getDefault("upscaling", false)) {
int bct = param.get<int>("boundary_condition_type");
int pddir = param.getDefault("pressure_drop_direction", 0);
double pdrop = param.getDefault("boundary_pressuredrop", 1.0e5);
double bdy_sat = param.getDefault("boundary_saturation", 1.0);
bool twodim_hack = param.getDefault("2d_hack", false);
setupUpscalingConditions(g, bct, pddir, pdrop, bdy_sat, twodim_hack, bcs);
return;
}
if (param.getDefault("region_based_bcs", false)) {
setupRegionBasedConditions(param, g, bcs);
return;
}
// Make flow equation boundary conditions.
// Default is pressure 1.0e5 on the left, 0.0 on the right.
// Recall that the boundary ids range from 1 to 6 for the cartesian edges,
// and that boundary id 0 means interiour face/intersection.
std::string flow_bc_type = param.getDefault<std::string>("flow_bc_type", "dirichlet");
FlowBC::BCType bct = FlowBC::Dirichlet;
double leftval = 1.0*Opm::unit::barsa;
double rightval = 0.0;
if (flow_bc_type == "neumann") {
bct = FlowBC::Neumann;
leftval = param.get<double>("left_flux");
rightval = param.getDefault<double>("right_flux", -leftval);
} else if (flow_bc_type == "dirichlet") {
leftval = param.getDefault<double>("left_pressure", leftval);
rightval = param.getDefault<double>("right_pressure", rightval);
} else if (flow_bc_type == "periodic") {
THROW("Periodic conditions not here yet.");
} else {
THROW("Unknown flow boundary condition type " << flow_bc_type);
}
bcs.resize(7);
bcs.flowCond(1) = FlowBC(bct, leftval);
bcs.flowCond(2) = FlowBC(bct, rightval);
// Default transport boundary conditions are used.
}
inline std::pair<typename SteadyStateUpscaler<Traits>::permtensor_t,
typename SteadyStateUpscaler<Traits>::permtensor_t>
SteadyStateUpscaler<Traits>::
upscaleSteadyState(const int flow_direction,
const std::vector<double>& initial_saturation,
const double boundary_saturation,
const double pressure_drop,
const permtensor_t& upscaled_perm)
{
static int count = 0;
++count;
int num_cells = this->ginterf_.numberOfCells();
// No source or sink.
std::vector<double> src(num_cells, 0.0);
Opm::SparseVector<double> injection(num_cells);
// Gravity.
Dune::FieldVector<double, 3> gravity(0.0);
if (use_gravity_) {
gravity[2] = Opm::unit::gravity;
}
if (gravity.two_norm() > 0.0) {
OPM_MESSAGE("Warning: Gravity is experimental for flow solver.");
}
// Set up initial saturation profile.
std::vector<double> saturation = initial_saturation;
// Set up boundary conditions.
setupUpscalingConditions(this->ginterf_, this->bctype_, flow_direction,
pressure_drop, boundary_saturation, this->twodim_hack_, this->bcond_);
// Set up solvers.
if (flow_direction == 0) {
this->flow_solver_.init(this->ginterf_, this->res_prop_, gravity, this->bcond_);
}
transport_solver_.initObj(this->ginterf_, this->res_prop_, this->bcond_);
// Run pressure solver.
this->flow_solver_.solve(this->res_prop_, saturation, this->bcond_, src,
this->residual_tolerance_, this->linsolver_verbosity_,
this->linsolver_type_, false,
this->linsolver_maxit_, this->linsolver_prolongate_factor_,
this->linsolver_smooth_steps_);
double max_mod = this->flow_solver_.postProcessFluxes();
std::cout << "Max mod = " << max_mod << std::endl;
// Do a run till steady state. For now, we just do some pressure and transport steps...
std::vector<double> saturation_old = saturation;
for (int iter = 0; iter < simulation_steps_; ++iter) {
// Run transport solver.
transport_solver_.transportSolve(saturation, stepsize_, gravity, this->flow_solver_.getSolution(), injection);
// Run pressure solver.
this->flow_solver_.solve(this->res_prop_, saturation, this->bcond_, src,
this->residual_tolerance_, this->linsolver_verbosity_,
this->linsolver_type_, false,
this->linsolver_maxit_, this->linsolver_prolongate_factor_,
this->linsolver_smooth_steps_);
max_mod = this->flow_solver_.postProcessFluxes();
std::cout << "Max mod = " << max_mod << std::endl;
// Print in-out flows if requested.
if (print_inoutflows_) {
std::pair<double, double> w_io, o_io;
computeInOutFlows(w_io, o_io, this->flow_solver_.getSolution(), saturation);
std::cout << "Pressure step " << iter
<< "\nWater flow [in] " << w_io.first
<< " [out] " << w_io.second
<< "\nOil flow [in] " << o_io.first
<< " [out] " << o_io.second
<< std::endl;
}
// Output.
if (output_vtk_) {
writeVtkOutput(this->ginterf_,
this->res_prop_,
this->flow_solver_.getSolution(),
saturation,
std::string("output-steadystate")
+ '-' + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(count)
+ '-' + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(flow_direction)
+ '-' + boost::lexical_cast<std::string>(iter));
}
// Comparing old to new.
int num_cells = saturation.size();
double maxdiff = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_cells; ++i) {
maxdiff = std::max(maxdiff, std::fabs(saturation[i] - saturation_old[i]));
}
#ifdef VERBOSE
std::cout << "Maximum saturation change: " << maxdiff << std::endl;
#endif
if (maxdiff < sat_change_threshold_) {
#ifdef VERBOSE
std::cout << "Maximum saturation change is under steady state threshold." << std::endl;
#endif
break;
}
// Copy to old.
saturation_old = saturation;
}
// Compute phase mobilities.
// First: compute maximal mobilities.
typedef typename Super::ResProp::Mobility Mob;
Mob m;
double m1max = 0;
double m2max = 0;
for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
this->res_prop_.phaseMobility(0, c, saturation[c], m.mob);
m1max = maxMobility(m1max, m.mob);
this->res_prop_.phaseMobility(1, c, saturation[c], m.mob);
m2max = maxMobility(m2max, m.mob);
}
// Second: set thresholds.
const double mob1_abs_thres = relperm_threshold_ / this->res_prop_.viscosityFirstPhase();
const double mob1_rel_thres = m1max / maximum_mobility_contrast_;
const double mob1_threshold = std::max(mob1_abs_thres, mob1_rel_thres);
const double mob2_abs_thres = relperm_threshold_ / this->res_prop_.viscositySecondPhase();
const double mob2_rel_thres = m2max / maximum_mobility_contrast_;
const double mob2_threshold = std::max(mob2_abs_thres, mob2_rel_thres);
// Third: extract and threshold.
std::vector<Mob> mob1(num_cells);
std::vector<Mob> mob2(num_cells);
for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
this->res_prop_.phaseMobility(0, c, saturation[c], mob1[c].mob);
thresholdMobility(mob1[c].mob, mob1_threshold);
this->res_prop_.phaseMobility(1, c, saturation[c], mob2[c].mob);
thresholdMobility(mob2[c].mob, mob2_threshold);
}
// Compute upscaled relperm for each phase.
ReservoirPropertyFixedMobility<Mob> fluid_first(mob1);
permtensor_t eff_Kw = Super::upscaleEffectivePerm(fluid_first);
ReservoirPropertyFixedMobility<Mob> fluid_second(mob2);
permtensor_t eff_Ko = Super::upscaleEffectivePerm(fluid_second);
// Set the steady state saturation fields for eventual outside access.
last_saturation_state_.swap(saturation);
// Compute the (anisotropic) upscaled mobilities.
// eff_Kw := lambda_w*K
// => lambda_w = eff_Kw*inv(K);
permtensor_t lambda_w(matprod(eff_Kw, inverse3x3(upscaled_perm)));
permtensor_t lambda_o(matprod(eff_Ko, inverse3x3(upscaled_perm)));
// Compute (anisotropic) upscaled relative permeabilities.
// lambda = k_r/mu
permtensor_t k_rw(lambda_w);
k_rw *= this->res_prop_.viscosityFirstPhase();
permtensor_t k_ro(lambda_o);
k_ro *= this->res_prop_.viscositySecondPhase();
return std::make_pair(k_rw, k_ro);
}
