ToAruOS (とあるOS)

This is a toy OS based on the POSIX standards. The primary goal of the project is for me to learn POSIX from the system side, understanding the design and constructon of an operating system on x86 hardware, and build a working implementation of the C standard library. Development of とあるOS was managed by the UIUC SIGOps until May, 2012. While the ultimate goal is a microkernel, we currently have a relatively monolithic kernel.

Build Status

News

We are currently working on porting a toolchain to natively run under とあるOS. We currently have a nearly-working build of binutils and are working on porting gcc.

Features

とあるOS currently supports a number of important operating system concepts and facilities:

Processes
- Preemptive multasking
- Kernel threads
Shared memory
- Through page table mappings
POSIX-compliant file operations
Pipes
- Backed by ring buffers
Signals
- Mostly POSIX-compliant under the loose method
EXT2 read/write support
- For IDE devices or SATA devices operating in IDE compatibility mode
PS/2 keyboard/mouse support
- Of course, what doesn't?
Graphical features
- We are hard at work building a window environment that makes use of shared memory
- Currently supports full-screen operation of graphical applications
Extensive, ANSI-capable terminal
- Includes extensive compatibility with xterm
- Support for 256 colors
- Beautifully rendered anti-aliased text through FreeType (please see the licenses below for included fonts)
And dozens of other minor things not worth listing here.

Screenshots

Here's what とあるOS looks like:

(http://i.imgur.com/Xn93P.png)

Here's what とあるOS has looked like in the past:

Testing it Out

If you are on Debian/Ubuntu/etc., you can clone the repository and run:

./build.sh

This will install the required dependencies, build the userspace libraries and toolchain, build the kernel, and give you a working ramdisk and hard disk.

You can then run make run or make kvm to run QEMU, or make docs to build documentation (which requires a LaTeX stack with CJK support).

Currently, the only supported environment is QEMU, as our limited graphics drivers do not operate on most real hardware.

Dependencies

Kernel

To build the kernel, you will need yasm, clang (or gcc, the build tools will autodetect), and GNU ld (which you undoubtedly have if you have clang or gcc).

Hard disks and initrds

You need genext2fs to generate the EXT2 images for the ramdisk and the hard disk drive.

Documentation

To build the primary documentation, you need a complete LaTeX stack with pdftex, including the CJK module and Japanese fonts. To build the kernel API documentation, you will need Doxygen (eventually).

Goals and Future Development

Please note that much of this section is outdated.

Goals and Roadmap

Overall, the goal of this project is to write a relatively POSIX-compatible OS from the ground up. With a focus on generic hardware functionality and universal specifications like VESA, I hope to eventually get something fairly complete in terms of what an OS should be. At some times, I may focus on an actual piece of complex hardware (I am looking to write a basic driver for Intel graphics cards based on the X driver and the Mesa components), but in general, I will stick to generic interfaces.

Basic Goals

Create a working modular monolithic kernel capable of executing arbitrary ELF binaries
Write, from scratch, a C standard library using past experience in writing standard library functions
Support POSIX threads
Implement an existing file system, specifically EXT2
Be able to manipulate VESA modes to run at an optimal resolution for graphics
Handle basic networking on a virtual Ethernet device (DHCP, TCP, etc.)

Loftier Goals

Some things are far easier said than done, but I like to say them anyway. The time span for these depends greatly on how quickly the basic goals are completed and can range anywhere from a few months to years from now.

Dynamic library loader
Create a working implementation of Wayland under VESA (will be slow)
Port Qt (under Wayland) and some Qt apps
- Port Qt under framebuffer first? Qt has everything...
Support audio in a way that doesn't suck like Linux's mess of libraries and mixers
Various hardware-specific drivers (primarily for my T410):
- Intel graphics driver, with acceleration so Wayland isn't slow
- Realtek wireless driver, with WPA2
- Specific drivers for the Thinkpad itself (or just acpi?)
Custom b-tree filesystem

Roadmap

Currently, I have a kernel capable of reading its multiboot parameters, which is terribly un-useful. The current, ordered, plan of attack is as follows:

Finish James M's tutorial (second half), which covers:
- Paging done
- Heap done
- VFS done
- Initial RAM Disk done
- Multitasking done
- User mode done
Finish basic kernel functionality
- Loading ELF binaries and executing them in user mode done (static)
- Complete system call table good
- Get a better semblance of users and groups we have users
Write a file system driver for a real file system
- Target is EXT2, but might do FAT IDE PIO support
- Move OS development images to some form of virtual drive done
Implement a VESA mode handler
- QEMU / BOCHS VBE driver done
- Requires a Virtual 8086 monitor emulated
- Need to be able to use graphics modes and still have output, so write a framebuffer terminal done
Complete libc
- Enough to run basic unix tools... basically done
Port some basic UNIX tools
- a shell (bash and zsh, because I like bash, but the office uses zsh) esh, the "experimental shell"
- ls, mv, rm, etc.
- here's a real test: perl
Implement networking
- IPv4
- Ethernet driver for QEMU or VirtualBox

Anything beyond this point is part of the 'Loftier Goals' section

Wayland compositor
- based on specifications for a Wayland environment
- Port some of the Wayland sample applications
- Write my own!
Port Qt
- Specifically, for Wayland
- Qt is huge and has its own standard library, might need more extensive libc
- Need to support C++-built stuff, so will probably need a C++ stdlib.
Audio drivers
- Maybe before Qt?
- Should support software mixing at least, hardware under a virtual machine, maybe my Intel hw

References

Here are some tutorials we found useful early on:

Licenses

ToAruOS Itself

ToAruOS is under the NCSA license, which is a derivative (and fully compatible with) the BSD license. It is also forward compatible with the GPL, so you can use ToAruOS bits and pieces in GPL. The terms of the license are listed here for your convience:

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
deal with the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
     this list of conditions and the following disclaimers.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimers in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the names of the ToAruOS Kernel Development Team, Kevin Lange,
     nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse
     or promote products derived from this Software without specific prior
     written permission.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
CONTRIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
WITH THE SOFTWARE.

Additional Licenses

ToAruOS contains additional software with the following copyright notices:

The CPU detection code provided in userspace/cpudet.c: Copyright (c) 2006-2007 - http://brynet.biz.tm - brynet@gmail.com

A copy of the VL Gothic TrueType font is included in this repository; VL Gothic is distributed under the following license:

  Copyright (c) 1990-2003 Wada Laboratory, the University of Tokyo.
  Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Electronic Font Open Laboratory (/efont/).
  Copyright (C) 2002-2010 M+ FONTS PROJECT Copyright (C) 2006-2010
  Daisuke SUZUKI .  Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Project Vine .  All rights
  reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  met:
  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the name of the Wada Laboratory, the University of Tokyo nor
     the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
     products derived from this software without specific prior written
     permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WADA LABORATORY, THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
  AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
  INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LABORATORY OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
  DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
  STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
  IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
  POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

The real-mode 8086 emulation provided for VESA support is distributed under the following license:

  Copyright 2010 John Hodge (thePowersGang). All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
  met:

     1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

     2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
        notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
        the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
        distribution.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> ``AS IS'' AND ANY
  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
  PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> OR
  CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

  The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation
  are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing
  official policies, either expressed or implied, of the author.

As of January 23, 2012, the repository also contains DejaVu fonts, which are public-domain modifications of the Bitstream Vera font set, which is released under this license:

  Copyright (c) 2003 by Bitstream, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Bitstream
  Vera is a trademark of Bitstream, Inc.

  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
  copy of the fonts accompanying this license ("Fonts") and associated
  documentation files (the "Font Software"), to reproduce and distribute
  the Font Software, including without limitation the rights to use,
  copy, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Font
  Software, and to permit persons to whom the Font Software is furnished
  to do so, subject to the following conditions:

  The above copyright and trademark notices and this permission notice
  shall be included in all copies of one or more of the Font Software
  typefaces.

  The Font Software may be modified, altered, or added to, and in
  particular the designs of glyphs or characters in the Fonts may be
  modified and additional glyphs or characters may be added to the Fonts,
  only if the fonts are renamed to names not containing either the words
  "Bitstream" or the word "Vera".

  This License becomes null and void to the extent applicable to Fonts or
  Font Software that has been modified and is distributed under the
  "Bitstream Vera" names.

  The Font Software may be sold as part of a larger software package but
  no copy of one or more of the Font Software typefaces may be sold by
  itself.

  THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
  OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  BITSTREAM OR THE GNOME FOUNDATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
  OTHER LIABILITY, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
  OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT
  SOFTWARE OR FROM OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.

  Except as contained in this notice, the names of Gnome, the Gnome
  Foundation, and Bitstream Inc., shall not be used in advertising or
  otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Font
  Software without prior written authorization from the Gnome Foundation
  or Bitstream Inc., respectively. For further information, contact:
  fonts at gnome dot org.

The included SHA512 support library (userspace/lib/sha2.{c,h}) is provided under the BSD license as follows:

  Copyright (c) 2000-2001, Aaron D. Gifford
  All rights reserved.

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  are met:
  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of contributors
     may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
     without specific prior written permission.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND
  ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTOR(S) BE LIABLE
  FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  SUCH DAMAGE.

Bjoern Hoehrmann's super-simple UTF8 decoder is included for use in userspace applications and is provided under the following license:
```
 Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Bjoern Hoehrmann <bjoern@hoehrmann.de>

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
```
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
```
 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
```
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
```
 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
```
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
We ask that anyone who notices unlicensed materials in this repository apply Hanlon's Razor and assume we were idiots and missed it before assuming malicious intent; you may report content for which a license is not provided by emailing us.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 797 Commits
docs		docs
hdd		hdd
initrd/bin		initrd/bin
kernel		kernel
loader		loader
toolchain		toolchain
userspace		userspace
util		util
.build-travis.sh		.build-travis.sh
.gitignore		.gitignore
.travis.yml		.travis.yml
Makefile		Makefile
README.md		README.md
STYLE.c		STYLE.c
TODO.md		TODO.md
build.sh		build.sh
toaru.terminfo		toaru.terminfo

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