static CCNxMetaMessage *
_TemplateReceive(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink)
{
    struct _TemplateLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);
    CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage = NULL;

    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = _internalRECEIVE(linkData);

    // On error, just return and retry.
    if (wireFormatBuffer == NULL) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "read error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        return NULL;
    }

    // Construct, and return a ccnxMetaMessage from the wire format buffer.
    ccnxMetaMessage = ccnxMetaMessage_CreateFromWireFormatBuffer(wireFormatBuffer);
    if (ccnxMetaMessage == NULL) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_DecodeFailed++;
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "Failed to decode message from received packet.");
    }
    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);

    if (parcDeque_Size(linkData->queue) > 0) { // if there's another message, mark an event.
        athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Receive);
    }
    return ccnxMetaMessage;
}
//
// Peek at the header and derive our total message length
//
static size_t
_messageLengthFromHeader(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, _UDPLinkData *linkData)
{
    // Peek at our message header to determine the total length of buffer we need to allocate.
    size_t fixedHeaderLength = ccnxCodecTlvPacket_MinimalHeaderLength();
    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Allocate(fixedHeaderLength);
    const uint8_t *peekBuffer = parcBuffer_Overlay(wireFormatBuffer, 0);

    ssize_t readCount = recv(linkData->fd, (void *) peekBuffer, fixedHeaderLength, MSG_PEEK);

    if (readCount == -1) {
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EINTR)) {
            parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "recv retry (%s)", strerror(errno));
            linkData->_stats.receive_ReadRetry++;
        } else {
            linkData->_stats.receive_ReadError++;
            parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "recv error (%s)", strerror(errno));
            athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Error);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    // A zero read means no data
    if (readCount == 0) {
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    // Check for a short header read, since we're only peeking here we just return and retry later
    if (readCount != fixedHeaderLength) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_ReadHeaderFailure++;
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    // Obtain the total size of the message from the header
    size_t messageLength = ccnxCodecTlvPacket_GetPacketLength(wireFormatBuffer);
    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);

    // Could do more to check the integrity of the message and framing.
    // If length is greater than our MTU we will find out in the read.
    if (messageLength < fixedHeaderLength) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_BadMessageLength++;
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "Framing error, flushing link.");
        char trash[MAXPATHLEN];
        // Flush link to attempt to resync our framing
        while (read(linkData->fd, trash, sizeof(trash)) == sizeof(trash)) {
            parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "... flushing link.");
        }
        return -1;
    }

    return messageLength;
}
//
// Receive a message from the specified link.
//
static CCNxMetaMessage *
_ETHReceiveMessage(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, struct ether_addr *peerAddress, socklen_t *peerAddressLength)
{
    struct _ETHLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);
    CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage = NULL;
    AthenaTransportLinkEvent events = 0;

    PARCBuffer *message = athenaEthernet_Receive(linkData->athenaEthernet, -1, &events);
    if (message == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    // Mark any pending events
    if (events) {
        athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, events);
    }

    // Map the header
    struct ether_header *header = parcBuffer_Overlay(message, sizeof(struct ether_header));

    // If the destination does not match my address, drop the message
    if (memcmp(&linkData->link.myAddress, header->ether_dhost, ETHER_ADDR_LEN * sizeof(uint8_t)) != 0) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_NoLinkDestination++;
        parcBuffer_Release(&message);
        return NULL;
    }
    assertTrue(header->ether_type == htons(CCNX_ETHERTYPE), "Unexpected ether type %x", header->ether_type);

    // Set peerAddress from header source address
    *peerAddressLength = ETHER_ADDR_LEN * sizeof(uint8_t);
    memcpy(peerAddress, header->ether_shost, *peerAddressLength);

    parcBuffer_SetPosition(message, sizeof(struct ether_header));
    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Slice(message);
    parcBuffer_Release(&message);
    parcBuffer_SetPosition(wireFormatBuffer, 0);

    // Construct, and return a ccnxMetaMessage from the wire format buffer.
    ccnxMetaMessage = ccnxMetaMessage_CreateFromWireFormatBuffer(wireFormatBuffer);
    if (ccnxMetaMessage == NULL) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_DecodeFailed++;
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "Failed to decode message from received packet.");
    } else if (ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage) == CCNxTlvDictionary_SchemaVersion_V0) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "received deprecated version %d message\n", ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage));
    }
    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);

    return ccnxMetaMessage;
}
static void
_TemplateClose(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink)
{
    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "link %s closed", athenaTransportLink_GetName(athenaTransportLink));
    _TemplateLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);
    _TemplateLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
}
Пример #5
0
static AthenaTransportLink *
_newLink(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, _UDPLinkData *newLinkData)
{
    // Accept a new tunnel connection.

    // Clone a new link from the current listener.
    const char *derivedLinkName = _createNameFromLinkData(&newLinkData->link);
    AthenaTransportLink *newTransportLink = athenaTransportLink_Clone(athenaTransportLink,
                                                                      derivedLinkName,
                                                                      _UDPSend,
                                                                      _UDPReceiveProxy,
                                                                      _UDPClose);
    if (newTransportLink == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_Clone failed");
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&newLinkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    _setConnectLinkState(newTransportLink, newLinkData);

    // Send the new link up to be added.
    int result = athenaTransportLink_AddLink(athenaTransportLink, newTransportLink);
    if (result == -1) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_AddLink failed: %s", strerror(errno));
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&newLinkData);
        athenaTransportLink_Release(&newTransportLink);
    } else {
        parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                     "new link accepted by %s: %s %s",
                     athenaTransportLink_GetName(athenaTransportLink), derivedLinkName,
                     athenaTransportLink_IsNotLocal(athenaTransportLink) ? "" : "(Local)");
    }

    parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);

    // Could pass a message back here regarding the new link.
    return newTransportLink;
}
Пример #6
0
static bool
_linkIsEOF(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink)
{
    struct _UDPLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);

    // If poll indicates there's a read event and a subsequent read returns zero our peer has hungup.
    struct pollfd pollfd = { .fd = linkData->fd, .events = POLLIN };
    int events = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
    if (events == -1) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "poll error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        return true; // poll error, close the link
    } else if (events == 0) {
        // there are no pending events, was truly a zero read
        return false;
    }
    if (pollfd.revents & POLLIN) {
        char peekBuffer;
        ssize_t readCount = recv(linkData->fd, (void *) &peekBuffer, 1, MSG_PEEK);
        if (readCount == -1) {
            if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EWOULDBLOCK)) { // read blocked
                linkData->_stats.receive_ReadWouldBlock++;
                return false;
            }
            return true; // read error
        }
        if (readCount == 0) { // EOF
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static void
_UDPClose(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink)
{
    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "link %s closed", athenaTransportLink_GetName(athenaTransportLink));
    _UDPLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);
    close(linkData->fd);
    _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
}
Пример #7
0
//
// Open a listener which will create new links when messages arrive and queue them appropriately.
// Listeners are inherently insecure, as an adversary could easily create many connections that are never closed.
//
static AthenaTransportLink *
_UDPOpenListener(AthenaTransportLinkModule *athenaTransportLinkModule, const char *linkName, struct sockaddr_in *destination, size_t mtu)
{
    const char *derivedLinkName;

    _UDPLinkData *linkData = _UDPLinkData_Create();
    linkData->multiplexTable = parcHashCodeTable_Create(_connectionEquals, _connectionHashCode, NULL, _closeConnection);
    assertNotNull(linkData->multiplexTable, "Could not create multiplex table for new listener");

    linkData->link.myAddress = *destination;
    linkData->link.myAddressLength = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    linkData->link.mtu = mtu;

    linkData->fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
    if (linkData->fd < 0) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "socket error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    int result = _setSocketOptions(athenaTransportLinkModule, linkData->fd);
    if (result) {
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // Set non-blocking flag
    int flags = fcntl(linkData->fd, F_GETFL, NULL);
    if (flags < 0) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "fcntl failed to get non-blocking flag (%s)", strerror(errno));
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }
    result = fcntl(linkData->fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
    if (result) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "fcntl failed to set non-blocking flag (%s)", strerror(errno));
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // bind to listen on requested address
    result = bind(linkData->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.myAddress, linkData->link.myAddressLength);
    if (result) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "bind error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    derivedLinkName = _createNameFromLinkData(&linkData->link);

    if (linkName == NULL) {
        linkName = derivedLinkName;
    }

    // Listener doesn't require a send method.  The receive method is used to establish new connections.
    AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink = athenaTransportLink_Create(linkName,
                                                                          NULL,
                                                                          _UDPReceiveListener,
                                                                          _UDPClose);
    if (athenaTransportLink == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_Create failed");
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return athenaTransportLink;
    }

    athenaTransportLink_SetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink, linkData);
    athenaTransportLink_SetEventFd(athenaTransportLink, linkData->fd);

    // Links established for listening are not used to route messages.
    // They can be kept in a listener list that doesn't consume a linkId.
    athenaTransportLink_SetRoutable(athenaTransportLink, false);

    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "new listener established: Name=\"%s\" (%s)", linkName, derivedLinkName);

    parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
    return athenaTransportLink;
}
Пример #8
0
//
// Open a UDP point to point connection.
//
static AthenaTransportLink *
_UDPOpenConnection(AthenaTransportLinkModule *athenaTransportLinkModule, const char *linkName, struct sockaddr_in *source, struct sockaddr_in *destination, size_t mtu)
{
    const char *derivedLinkName;

    _UDPLinkData *linkData = _UDPLinkData_Create();

    linkData->link.peerAddress = *((struct sockaddr_in *) destination);
    linkData->link.peerAddressLength = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    linkData->link.mtu = mtu;

    linkData->fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
    if (linkData->fd < 0) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule), "socket error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    int result = _setSocketOptions(athenaTransportLinkModule, linkData->fd);
    if (result) {
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // bind the local endpoint so we can know our allocated port if it was wildcarded
    result = bind(linkData->fd, (struct sockaddr *) source, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    if (result) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "bind error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        close(linkData->fd);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // Retrieve the local endpoint data, used to create the derived name.
    linkData->link.myAddressLength = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    result = getsockname(linkData->fd, (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.myAddress, &linkData->link.myAddressLength);
    if (result != 0) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "Failed to obtain endpoint information from getsockname.");
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    derivedLinkName = _createNameFromLinkData(&linkData->link);

    if (linkName == NULL) {
        linkName = derivedLinkName;
    }

    AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink = athenaTransportLink_Create(linkName,
                                                                          _UDPSend,
                                                                          _UDPReceive,
                                                                          _UDPClose);
    if (athenaTransportLink == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_Create failed");
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
        _UDPLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    _setConnectLinkState(athenaTransportLink, linkData);
    // Enable Send? XXX
    athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Send);

    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "new link established: Name=\"%s\" (%s)", linkName, derivedLinkName);

    parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
    return athenaTransportLink;
    return NULL;
}
Пример #9
0
//
// Receive a message from the specified link.
//
static CCNxMetaMessage *
_UDPReceiveMessage(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, struct sockaddr_in *peerAddress, socklen_t *peerAddressLength)
{
    struct _UDPLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);
    CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage = NULL;
    size_t messageLength;

    // If an MTU has been set, allocate a buffer of that size to avoid having to peek at the message,
    // othersize derive the link from the header and allocate a buffer based on the message size.

    if ((messageLength = linkData->link.mtu) == 0) {
        messageLength = _messageLengthFromHeader(athenaTransportLink, linkData);
        if (messageLength <= 0) {
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Allocate(messageLength);

    char *buffer = parcBuffer_Overlay(wireFormatBuffer, 0);
    *peerAddressLength = (socklen_t) sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    ssize_t readCount = recvfrom(linkData->fd, buffer, messageLength, 0, (struct sockaddr *) peerAddress, peerAddressLength);

    // On error, just return and retry.
    if (readCount == -1) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_ReadError++;
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "read error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    // A zero read means either no more data is currently available or our peer hungup.
    // Just return to retry as we'll detect EOF when we come back at the top of UDPReceive
    if (readCount == 0) {
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    // If it was it a short read just return to retry later.
    while (readCount < messageLength) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_ShortRead++;
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "short read error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return NULL;
    }

    parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "received message (size=%d)", readCount);
    parcBuffer_SetPosition(wireFormatBuffer, parcBuffer_Position(wireFormatBuffer) + readCount);
    parcBuffer_Flip(wireFormatBuffer);

    // Construct, and return a ccnxMetaMessage from the wire format buffer.
    ccnxMetaMessage = ccnxMetaMessage_CreateFromWireFormatBuffer(wireFormatBuffer);
    if (ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage) == CCNxTlvDictionary_SchemaVersion_V0) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "received deprecated version %d message\n", ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage));
    }
    if (ccnxMetaMessage == NULL) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_DecodeFailed++;
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "Failed to decode message from received packet.");
    }
    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);

    return ccnxMetaMessage;
}
Пример #10
0
static int
_UDPSend(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage)
{
    struct _UDPLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);

    if (ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage) == CCNxTlvDictionary_SchemaVersion_V0) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "sending deprecated version %d message\n", ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage));
    }

    // Get a wire format buffer and write it out.
    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = ccnxWireFormatMessage_GetWireFormatBuffer(ccnxMetaMessage);

    if (wireFormatBuffer == NULL) {
        CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *iovec = ccnxWireFormatMessage_GetIoVec(ccnxMetaMessage);
        assertNotNull(iovec, "Null io vector");

        size_t iovcnt = ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_GetCount((CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *) iovec);
        const struct iovec *array = ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_GetArray((CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *) iovec);

        // If it's a single vector wrap it in a buffer to avoid a copy
        if (iovcnt == 1) {
            wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Wrap(array[0].iov_base, array[0].iov_len, 0, array[0].iov_len);
        } else {
            size_t totalbytes = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
                totalbytes += array[i].iov_len;
            }
            wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Allocate(totalbytes);
            for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
                parcBuffer_PutArray(wireFormatBuffer, array[i].iov_len, array[i].iov_base);
            }
            parcBuffer_Flip(wireFormatBuffer);
        }
    } else {
        wireFormatBuffer = parcBuffer_Acquire(wireFormatBuffer);
    }

    size_t length = parcBuffer_Limit(wireFormatBuffer);
    char *buffer = parcBuffer_Overlay(wireFormatBuffer, length);

    if (linkData->link.mtu) {
        if (length > linkData->link.mtu) {
            errno = EMSGSIZE;
            parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                  "sending message (size=%d)", length);

    ssize_t writeCount = 0;
#ifdef LINUX_IGNORESIGPIPE
    writeCount = sendto(linkData->fd, buffer, length, MSG_NOSIGNAL,
                        (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.peerAddress, linkData->link.peerAddressLength);
#else
    writeCount = sendto(linkData->fd, buffer, length, 0,
                        (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.peerAddress, linkData->link.peerAddressLength);
#endif

    // on error close the link, else return to retry a zero write
    if (writeCount == -1) {
        if (errno == EPIPE) {
            athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Error);
        }
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "send error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    // Short write
    if (writeCount != length) {
        linkData->_stats.receive_ShortWrite++;
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "short write");
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
    return 0;
}
static int
_UDPSend(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage)
{
    struct _UDPLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);

    if (ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage) == CCNxTlvDictionary_SchemaVersion_V0) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "sending deprecated version %d message\n", ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage));
    }

    // Get a wire format buffer and write it out.
    PARCBuffer *wireFormatBuffer = athenaTransportLinkModule_GetMessageBuffer(ccnxMetaMessage);

    parcBuffer_SetPosition(wireFormatBuffer, 0);
    size_t length = parcBuffer_Limit(wireFormatBuffer);
    char *buffer = parcBuffer_Overlay(wireFormatBuffer, length);

    if (linkData->link.mtu) {
        if (length > linkData->link.mtu) {
            errno = EMSGSIZE;
            parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                  "sending message (size=%d)", length);

    ssize_t writeCount = 0;
#ifdef LINUX_IGNORESIGPIPE
    writeCount = sendto(linkData->fd, buffer, length, MSG_NOSIGNAL,
                        (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.peerAddress, linkData->link.peerAddressLength);
#else
    writeCount = sendto(linkData->fd, buffer, length, 0,
                        (struct sockaddr *) &linkData->link.peerAddress, linkData->link.peerAddressLength);
#endif

    // on error close the link, else return to retry a zero write
    if (writeCount == -1) {
        if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EINTR)) {
            linkData->_stats.send_SendRetry++;
            parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "send retry (%s)", strerror(errno));
        } else {
            athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Error);
            parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                          "send error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        }
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    // Short write
    if (writeCount != length) {
        linkData->_stats.send_ShortWrite++;
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "short write");
        parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
        return -1;
    }

    parcBuffer_Release(&wireFormatBuffer);
    return 0;
}
//
// Open a listener which will create new links when messages arrive and queue them appropriately.
// Listeners are inherently insecure, as an adversary could easily create many connections that are never closed.
//
static AthenaTransportLink *
_ETHOpenListener(AthenaTransportLinkModule *athenaTransportLinkModule, const char *linkName, const char *device, struct ether_addr *source, size_t mtu)
{
    const char *derivedLinkName;

    _ETHLinkData *linkData = _ETHLinkData_Create();
    linkData->multiplexTable = parcHashCodeTable_Create(_connectionEquals, _connectionHashCode, NULL, _closeConnection);
    assertNotNull(linkData->multiplexTable, "Could not create multiplex table for new listener");

    linkData->athenaEthernet = athenaEthernet_Create(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                                                     device, CCNX_ETHERTYPE);
    if (linkData->athenaEthernet == NULL) {
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // Use specified source MAC address, or default to device MAC
    if (source) {
        memcpy(&(linkData->link.myAddress), source, sizeof(struct ether_addr));
    } else {
        athenaEthernet_GetMAC(linkData->athenaEthernet, &(linkData->link.myAddress));
    }
    linkData->link.myAddressLength = ETHER_ADDR_LEN;

    if (linkData->athenaEthernet == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                      "athenaEthernet_Create error");
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    derivedLinkName = _createNameFromLinkData(&linkData->link, true);

    if (linkName == NULL) {
        linkName = derivedLinkName;
    }

    // Listener doesn't require a send method.  The receive method is used to establish new connections.
    AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink = athenaTransportLink_Create(linkName,
                                                                          NULL,
                                                                          _ETHReceiveListener,
                                                                          _ETHClose);
    if (athenaTransportLink == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_Create failed");
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return athenaTransportLink;
    }

    athenaTransportLink_SetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink, linkData);
    athenaTransportLink_SetEventFd(athenaTransportLink, athenaEthernet_GetDescriptor(linkData->athenaEthernet));

    // Links established for listening are not used to route messages.
    // They can be kept in a listener list that doesn't consume a linkId.
    athenaTransportLink_SetRoutable(athenaTransportLink, false);

    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "new listener established: Name=\"%s\" (%s)", linkName, derivedLinkName);

    parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
    return athenaTransportLink;
}
//
// Open a point to point connection.
//
static AthenaTransportLink *
_ETHOpenConnection(AthenaTransportLinkModule *athenaTransportLinkModule, const char *linkName, const char *device, struct ether_addr *source, struct ether_addr *destination, size_t mtu)
{
    const char *derivedLinkName;

    _ETHLinkData *linkData = _ETHLinkData_Create();

    linkData->athenaEthernet = athenaEthernet_Create(athenaTransportLinkModule_GetLogger(athenaTransportLinkModule),
                                                     device, CCNX_ETHERTYPE);
    if (linkData->athenaEthernet == NULL) {
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // Use our default MAC address if none specified.
    if (source == NULL) {
        athenaEthernet_GetMAC(linkData->athenaEthernet, &(linkData->link.myAddress));
        linkData->link.myAddressLength = ETHER_ADDR_LEN;
    } else {
        memcpy(&(linkData->link.myAddress), source, sizeof(struct ether_addr));
    }

    // If there's no destination specified, drop the request.
    if (destination == NULL) {
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    // Copy the peer destination address into our link data
    memcpy(&(linkData->link.peerAddress), destination, sizeof(struct ether_addr));

    derivedLinkName = _createNameFromLinkData(&linkData->link, false);

    if (linkName == NULL) {
        linkName = derivedLinkName;
    }

    AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink = athenaTransportLink_Create(linkName,
                                                                          _ETHSend,
                                                                          _ETHReceive,
                                                                          _ETHClose);
    if (athenaTransportLink == NULL) {
        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "athenaTransportLink_Create failed");
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
        _ETHLinkData_Destroy(&linkData);
        return NULL;
    }

    _setConnectLinkState(athenaTransportLink, linkData);

    // Enable Sends
    athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Send);

    parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                 "new link established: Name=\"%s\" (%s)", linkName, derivedLinkName);

    parcMemory_Deallocate(&derivedLinkName);
    return athenaTransportLink;
    return NULL;
}
static int
_ETHSend(AthenaTransportLink *athenaTransportLink, CCNxMetaMessage *ccnxMetaMessage)
{
    struct _ETHLinkData *linkData = athenaTransportLink_GetPrivateData(athenaTransportLink);

    if (ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage) == CCNxTlvDictionary_SchemaVersion_V0) {
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "sending deprecated version %d message\n", ccnxTlvDictionary_GetSchemaVersion(ccnxMetaMessage));
    }

    // Construct our header to prepend
    struct ether_header header;
    memcpy(header.ether_shost, &(linkData->link.myAddress), ETHER_ADDR_LEN * sizeof(uint8_t));
    memcpy(header.ether_dhost, &(linkData->link.peerAddress), ETHER_ADDR_LEN * sizeof(uint8_t));
    header.ether_type = htons(athenaEthernet_GetEtherType(linkData->athenaEthernet));

    // An iovec to contain the header and packet data
    struct iovec iov[2];
    struct iovec *array = iov;
    int iovcnt = 2;
    size_t messageLength = 0;

    // If the iovec we're prepending to has more than one element, allocatedIovec holds the
    // allocated IO vector of the right size that we must deallocate before returning.
    struct iovec *allocatedIovec = NULL;

    // Attach the header and populate the iovec

    CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *iovec = athenaTransportLinkModule_GetMessageIoVector(ccnxMetaMessage);

    iovcnt = ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_GetCount((CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *) iovec);
    const struct iovec *networkBufferIovec = ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_GetArray((CCNxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec *) iovec);

    // Trivial case, single iovec element.
    if (iovcnt == 1) {
        // Header
        array[0].iov_len = sizeof(struct ether_header);
        array[0].iov_base = &header;

        // Message content
        array[1].iov_len = networkBufferIovec->iov_len;
        array[1].iov_base = networkBufferIovec->iov_base;
        messageLength = array[0].iov_len + array[1].iov_len;
    } else {
        // Allocate a new iovec if more than one vector
        allocatedIovec = parcMemory_Allocate(sizeof(struct iovec) * (iovcnt + 1));
        array = allocatedIovec;

        // Header
        array[0].iov_len = sizeof(struct ether_header);
        array[0].iov_base = &header;
        messageLength = array[0].iov_len;

        // Append message content
        for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
            array[i + 1].iov_len = networkBufferIovec[i].iov_len;
            array[i + 1].iov_base = networkBufferIovec[i].iov_base;
            messageLength += array[i + 1].iov_len;
        }
    }
    iovcnt++; // increment for the header

    if (linkData->link.mtu) {
        if (messageLength > linkData->link.mtu) {
            if (allocatedIovec != NULL) {
                parcMemory_Deallocate(&allocatedIovec);
            }
            ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_Release(&iovec);
            errno = EMSGSIZE;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                  "sending message (size=%d)", messageLength);

    ssize_t writeCount = 0;
    writeCount = athenaEthernet_Send(linkData->athenaEthernet, array, iovcnt);
    ccnxCodecNetworkBufferIoVec_Release(&iovec);

    // Free up any storage allocated for a non-singular iovec
    if (allocatedIovec != NULL) {
        parcMemory_Deallocate(&allocatedIovec);
        array = NULL;
    }

    // on error close the link, else return to retry a zero write
    if (writeCount == -1) {
        if ((errno == EAGAIN) || (errno == EINTR)) {
            parcLog_Info(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "send retry");
            linkData->_stats.send_Retry++;
            return -1;
        }
        athenaTransportLink_SetEvent(athenaTransportLink, AthenaTransportLinkEvent_Error);

        parcLog_Error(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink),
                      "send error (%s)", strerror(errno));
        linkData->_stats.send_Error++;
        return -1;
    }

    // Short write
    if (writeCount != messageLength) {
        linkData->_stats.send_ShortWrite++;
        parcLog_Debug(athenaTransportLink_GetLogger(athenaTransportLink), "short write");
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}