static int bind_to_cpuset(orte_job_t *jdata)
{
    /* bind each process to opal_hwloc_base_cpu_set */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_topo_data_t *sum;
    hwloc_obj_t root;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind job %s to cpuset %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_cpu_set);
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }
        root = hwloc_get_root_obj(node->topology);
        if (NULL == root->userdata) {
            /* something went wrong */
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND);
            return ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        sum = (opal_hwloc_topo_data_t*)root->userdata;
        if (NULL == sum->available) {
            /* another error */
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND);
            return ORTE_ERR_NOT_FOUND;
        }
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, sum->available);
        }
    }
    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
int orte_rmaps_base_compute_bindings(orte_job_t *jdata)
{
    hwloc_obj_type_t hwb, hwm;
    unsigned clvl=0, clvm=0;
    opal_binding_policy_t bind;
    orte_mapping_policy_t map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    int i, rc;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    bool force_down = false;
    hwloc_cpuset_t totalcpuset;
    int bind_depth, map_depth;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: compute bindings for job %s with policy %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));

    map = ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping);
    bind = OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding);

    if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYUSER == map) {
        /* user specified binding by rankfile - nothing for us to do */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_CPUSET == bind) {
        int rc;
        /* cpuset was given - setup the bindings */
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_to_cpuset(jdata))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        }
        return rc;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NONE == bind) {
        /* no binding requested */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (OPAL_BIND_TO_BOARD == bind) {
        /* doesn't do anything at this time */
        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
    }

    /* binding requested - convert the binding level to the hwloc obj type */
    switch (bind) {
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_NODE;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_SOCKET:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_L3CACHE:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvl = 3;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_L2CACHE:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvl = 2;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_L1CACHE:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvl = 1;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_CORE:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_CORE;
        break;
    case OPAL_BIND_TO_HWTHREAD:
        hwb = HWLOC_OBJ_PU;
        break;
    default:
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
        return ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM;
    }

    /* do the same for the mapping policy */
    switch (map) {
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYNODE:
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYSLOT:
    case ORTE_MAPPING_SEQ:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_MACHINE;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYDIST:
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYNUMA:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_NODE;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_SOCKET;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL3CACHE:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvm = 3;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL2CACHE:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvm = 2;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL1CACHE:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE;
        clvm = 1;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYCORE:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_CORE;
        break;
    case ORTE_MAPPING_BYHWTHREAD:
        hwm = HWLOC_OBJ_PU;
        break;
    default:
        ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
        return ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM;
    }

    /* if the job was mapped by the corresponding target, then
     * we bind in place
     *
     * otherwise, we have to bind either up or down the hwloc
     * tree. If we are binding upwards (e.g., mapped to hwthread
     * but binding to core), then we just climb the tree to find
     * the first matching object.
     *
     * if we are binding downwards (e.g., mapped to node and bind
     * to core), then we have to do a round-robin assigment of
     * procs to the resources below.
     */

    if (ORTE_MAPPING_BYDIST == map) {
        int rc = ORTE_SUCCESS;
        if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA == bind) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - dist to numa",
                                ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, HWLOC_OBJ_NODE, 0))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
            }
        } else if (OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA < bind) {
            /* bind every proc downwards */
            force_down = true;
            goto execute;
        }
        /* if the binding policy is less than numa, then we are unbound - so
         * just ignore this and return (should have been caught in prior
         * tests anyway as only options meeting that criteria are "none"
         * and "board")
         */
        return rc;
    }

    /* now deal with the remaining binding policies based on hardware */
    if (bind == map) {
        opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                            "mca:rmaps: bindings for job %s - bind in place",
                            ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid));
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_in_place(jdata, hwb, clvl))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
        }
        return rc;
    }

    /* we need to handle the remaining binding options on a per-node
     * basis because different nodes could potentially have different
     * topologies, with different relative depths for the two levels
     */
 execute:
    /* initialize */
    totalcpuset = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();

    for (i=0; i < jdata->map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(jdata->map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jdata->map->binding) ||
                    !OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        if (force_down) {
            if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, node, hwb, clvl))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                return rc;
            }
        } else {
            /* determine the relative depth on this node */
            if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == hwb) {
                /* must use a unique function because blasted hwloc
                 * just doesn't deal with caches very well...sigh
                 */
                bind_depth = hwloc_get_cache_type_depth(node->topology, clvl, -1);
            } else {
                bind_depth = hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, hwb);
            }
            if (0 > bind_depth) {
                /* didn't find such an object */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "orte-rmaps-base:no-objects",
                               true, hwloc_obj_type_string(hwb), node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == hwm) {
                /* must use a unique function because blasted hwloc
                 * just doesn't deal with caches very well...sigh
                 */
                map_depth = hwloc_get_cache_type_depth(node->topology, clvm, -1);
            } else {
                map_depth = hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, hwm);
            }
            if (0 > map_depth) {
                /* didn't find such an object */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "orte-rmaps-base:no-objects",
                               true, hwloc_obj_type_string(hwm), node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s bind_depth: %d map_depth %d",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                bind_depth, map_depth);
            if (bind_depth > map_depth) {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_downwards(jdata, node, hwb, clvl))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                    return rc;
                }
            } else {
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (rc = bind_upwards(jdata, node, hwb, clvl))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(rc);
                    return rc;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
static int bind_upwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                        orte_node_t *node,
                        hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                        unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node upwards
     * until we find an object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind upwards for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;


    /* cycle thru the procs */
    for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
        if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
            continue;
        }
        /* ignore procs from other jobs */
        if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
            continue;
        }
        /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
         * never happen, but safer
         */
        if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
            continue;
        }
        /* bozo check */
        if (NULL == proc->locale) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "BIND UPWARDS: LOCALE FOR PROC %s IS NULL",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name));
            return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
        }
        /* starting at the locale, move up thru the parents
         * to find the target object type
         */
        for (obj = proc->locale->parent; NULL != obj; obj = obj->parent) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s bind:upward target %s type %s",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(obj->type));
            if (target == obj->type) {
                if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == target && cache_level != obj->attr->cache.depth) {
                    continue;
                }
                /* get its index */
                if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, obj, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* track the number bound */
                data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)obj->userdata;
                data->num_bound++;
                /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, obj))) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
                 * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
                 */
                if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                    !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding) &&
                    OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                   opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                   data->num_bound, ncpus);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* bind it here */
                cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, obj);
                hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, cpus);
                /* record the location */
                proc->bind_location = obj;
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                    proc->cpu_bitmap,
                                    hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                    idx, node->name);
                break;
            }
        }
        if (NULL == proc->cpu_bitmap && OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jdata->map->binding)) {
            /* didn't find anyone to bind to - this is an error
             * unless the user specified if-supported
             */
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-target-not-found", true,
                           opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name);
            return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
static int bind_in_place(orte_job_t *jdata,
                         hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                         unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node downwards
     * until we find an unused object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind in place for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(map->binding) ||
                    !OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* get the index of this location */
            if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, proc->locale, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* track the number bound */
            data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)proc->locale->userdata;
            data->num_bound++;
             opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "BINDING PROC %s TO %s NUMBER %u",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(proc->locale->type), idx);
            /* get the number of cpus under this location */
            if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, proc->locale))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
             * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
             */
            if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding) &&
                OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                               opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                               data->num_bound, ncpus);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* bind the proc here */
            cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, proc->locale);
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, cpus);
            /* record the location */
            proc->bind_location = proc->locale;
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                proc->cpu_bitmap,
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(proc->locale->type),
                                idx, node->name);
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
示例#5
0
static int bind_in_place(orte_job_t *jdata,
                         hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                         unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node downwards
     * until we find an unused object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;
    hwloc_obj_t locale, sib;
    char *cpu_bitmap;
    bool found;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind in place for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(map->binding) ||
                    !OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability - don't warn if the user didn't
             * specifically request binding
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind &&
                OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding)) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* some systems do not report cores, and so we can get a situation where our
         * default binding policy will fail for no necessary reason. So if we are
         * computing a binding due to our default policy, and no cores are found
         * on this node, just silently skip it - we will not bind
         */
        if (!OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(map->binding) &&
            HWLOC_TYPE_DEPTH_UNKNOWN == hwloc_get_type_depth(node->topology, HWLOC_OBJ_CORE)) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "Unable to bind-to core by default on node %s as no cores detected",
                                node->name);
            continue;
        }

        /* we share topologies in order
         * to save space, so we need to reset the usage info to reflect
         * our own current state
         */
        reset_usage(node, jdata->jobid);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* bozo check */
            if (!orte_get_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_HWLOC_LOCALE, (void**)&locale, OPAL_PTR)) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-locale", true, ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name));
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* get the index of this location */
            if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, locale, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)locale->userdata;
            /* get the number of cpus under this location */
            if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, locale))) {
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* if we don't have enough cpus to support this additional proc, try
             * shifting the location to a cousin that can support it - the important
             * thing is that we maintain the same level in the topology */
            if (ncpus < (data->num_bound+1)) {
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s bind_in_place: searching right",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME));
                sib = locale;
                found = false;
                while (NULL != (sib = sib->next_cousin)) {
                    data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)sib->userdata;
                    ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, sib);
                    if (data->num_bound < ncpus) {
                        found = true;
                        locale = sib;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!found) {
                    /* try the other direction */
                    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                        "%s bind_in_place: searching left",
                                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME));
                    sib = locale;
                    while (NULL != (sib = sib->prev_cousin)) {
                        data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)sib->userdata;
                        ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, sib);
                        if (data->num_bound < ncpus) {
                            found = true;
                            locale = sib;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (!found) {
                    /* no place to put this - see if overload is allowed */
                    if (!OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                        if (OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                            /* if the user specified a binding policy, then we cannot meet
                             * it since overload isn't allowed, so error out - have the
                             * message indicate that setting overload allowed will remove
                             * this restriction */
                            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                           opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                           data->num_bound, ncpus);
                            return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                        } else {
                            /* if we have the default binding policy, then just don't bind */
                            OPAL_SET_BINDING_POLICY(map->binding, OPAL_BIND_TO_NONE);
                            unbind_procs(jdata);
                            return ORTE_SUCCESS;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            /* track the number bound */
            data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)locale->userdata;  // just in case it changed
            data->num_bound++;
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "BINDING PROC %s TO %s NUMBER %u",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(locale->type), idx);
            /* bind the proc here */
            cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, locale);
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&cpu_bitmap, cpus);
            orte_set_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_CPU_BITMAP, ORTE_ATTR_GLOBAL, cpu_bitmap, OPAL_STRING);
            /* update the location, in case it changed */
            orte_set_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_HWLOC_BOUND, ORTE_ATTR_LOCAL, locale, OPAL_PTR);
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                cpu_bitmap, hwloc_obj_type_string(locale->type),
                                idx, node->name);
            if (NULL != cpu_bitmap) {
                free(cpu_bitmap);
            }
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
示例#6
0
文件: rtc_hwloc.c 项目: bgoglin/ompi
static void set(orte_job_t *jobdat,
                orte_proc_t *child,
                char ***environ_copy,
                int write_fd)
{
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpuset;
    hwloc_obj_t root;
    opal_hwloc_topo_data_t *sum;
    orte_app_context_t *context;
    int rc=ORTE_ERROR;
    char *msg, *param;
    char *cpu_bitmap;

    opal_output_verbose(2, orte_rtc_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "%s hwloc:set on child %s",
                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                        (NULL == child) ? "NULL" : ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&child->name));

    if (NULL == jobdat || NULL == child) {
        /* nothing for us to do */
        opal_output_verbose(2, orte_rtc_base_framework.framework_output,
                            "%s hwloc:set jobdat %s child %s - nothing to do",
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                            (NULL == jobdat) ? "NULL" : ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jobdat->jobid),
                            (NULL == child) ? "NULL" : ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&child->name));
        return;
    }

    context = (orte_app_context_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(jobdat->apps, child->app_idx);

    /* Set process affinity, if given */
    cpu_bitmap = NULL;
    if (!orte_get_attribute(&child->attributes, ORTE_PROC_CPU_BITMAP, (void**)&cpu_bitmap, OPAL_STRING) ||
        NULL == cpu_bitmap || 0 == strlen(cpu_bitmap)) {
        /* if the daemon is bound, then we need to "free" this proc */
        if (NULL != orte_daemon_cores) {
            root = hwloc_get_root_obj(opal_hwloc_topology);
            if (NULL == root->userdata) {
                orte_rtc_base_send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                  "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "incorrectly bound",
                                                  orte_process_info.nodename, context->app,
                                                  __FILE__, __LINE__);
            }
            sum = (opal_hwloc_topo_data_t*)root->userdata;
            /* bind this proc to all available processors */
            rc = hwloc_set_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, sum->available, 0);
            /* if we got an error and this wasn't a default binding policy, then report it */
            if (rc < 0  && OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                if (errno == ENOSYS) {
                    msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding not supported";
                } else if (errno == EXDEV) {
                    msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding cannot be enforced";
                } else {
                    char *tmp;
                    (void)hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&tmp, sum->available);
                    asprintf(&msg, "hwloc_set_cpubind returned \"%s\" for bitmap \"%s\"",
                             opal_strerror(rc), tmp);
                    free(tmp);
                }
                if (OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                    /* If binding is required, send an error up the pipe (which exits
                       -- it doesn't return). */
                    orte_rtc_base_send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                                       "binding generic error",
                                                       orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                       __FILE__, __LINE__);
                } else {
                    orte_rtc_base_send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                      "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "not bound",
                                                      orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                      __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        if (0 == rc && opal_hwloc_report_bindings) {
            opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound (or bound to all available processors)", child->name.vpid);
            /* avoid reporting it twice */
            (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("hwloc_base_report_bindings", &param);
            opal_unsetenv(param, environ_copy);
            free(param);
        }
    } else {
        /* convert the list to a cpuset */
        cpuset = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();
        if (0 != (rc = hwloc_bitmap_list_sscanf(cpuset, cpu_bitmap))) {
            /* See comment above about "This may be a small memory leak" */
            asprintf(&msg, "hwloc_bitmap_sscanf returned \"%s\" for the string \"%s\"",
                     opal_strerror(rc), cpu_bitmap);
            if (NULL == msg) {
                msg = "failed to convert bitmap list to hwloc bitmap";
            }
            if (OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jobdat->map->binding) &&
                OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                /* If binding is required and a binding directive was explicitly
                 * given (i.e., we are not binding due to a default policy),
                 * send an error up the pipe (which exits -- it doesn't return).
                 */
                orte_rtc_base_send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                                   "binding generic error",
                                                   orte_process_info.nodename,
                                                   context->app, msg,
                                                   __FILE__, __LINE__);
            } else {
                orte_rtc_base_send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                  "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "not bound",
                                                  orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                  __FILE__, __LINE__);
                free(cpu_bitmap);
                return;
            }
        }
        /* bind as specified */
        rc = hwloc_set_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, cpuset, 0);
        /* if we got an error and this wasn't a default binding policy, then report it */
        if (rc < 0  && OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
            char *tmp = NULL;
            if (errno == ENOSYS) {
                msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding not supported";
            } else if (errno == EXDEV) {
                msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding cannot be enforced";
            } else {
                asprintf(&msg, "hwloc_set_cpubind returned \"%s\" for bitmap \"%s\"",
                         opal_strerror(rc), cpu_bitmap);
            }
            if (OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                /* If binding is required, send an error up the pipe (which exits
                   -- it doesn't return). */
                orte_rtc_base_send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                                   "binding generic error",
                                                   orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                   __FILE__, __LINE__);
            } else {
                orte_rtc_base_send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                  "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "not bound",
                                                  orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                  __FILE__, __LINE__);
                if (NULL != tmp) {
                    free(tmp);
                    free(msg);
                }
                return;
            }
            if (NULL != tmp) {
                free(tmp);
                free(msg);
            }
        }
        if (0 == rc && opal_hwloc_report_bindings) {
            char tmp1[1024], tmp2[1024];
            hwloc_cpuset_t mycpus;
            /* get the cpus we are bound to */
            mycpus = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();
            if (hwloc_get_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology,
                                  mycpus,
                                  HWLOC_CPUBIND_PROCESS) < 0) {
                opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound",
                            child->name.vpid);
            } else {
                if (OPAL_ERR_NOT_BOUND == opal_hwloc_base_cset2str(tmp1, sizeof(tmp1), opal_hwloc_topology, mycpus)) {
                    opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound (or bound to all available processors)", child->name.vpid);
                } else {
                    opal_hwloc_base_cset2mapstr(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2), opal_hwloc_topology, mycpus);
                    opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d bound to %s: %s",
                                child->name.vpid, tmp1, tmp2);
                }
            }
            hwloc_bitmap_free(mycpus);
            /* avoid reporting it twice */
            (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("hwloc_base_report_bindings", &param);
            opal_unsetenv(param, environ_copy);
            free(param);
        }
        /* set memory affinity policy - if we get an error, don't report
         * anything unless the user actually specified the binding policy
         */
        rc = opal_hwloc_base_set_process_membind_policy();
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc  && OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
            if (errno == ENOSYS) {
                msg = "hwloc indicates memory binding not supported";
            } else if (errno == EXDEV) {
                msg = "hwloc indicates memory binding cannot be enforced";
            } else {
                msg = "failed to bind memory";
            }
            if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                /* If binding is required, send an error up the pipe (which exits
                   -- it doesn't return). */
                orte_rtc_base_send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                                   "memory binding error",
                                                   orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                   __FILE__, __LINE__);
            } else {
                orte_rtc_base_send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                  "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "memory not bound",
                                                  orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                                  __FILE__, __LINE__);
                free(cpu_bitmap);
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    if (NULL != cpu_bitmap) {
        free(cpu_bitmap);
    }
}
示例#7
0
static int bind_upwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                        orte_node_t *node,
                        hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                        unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node upwards
     * until we find an object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;
    hwloc_obj_t locale;
    char *cpu_bitmap;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind upwards for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;


    /* cycle thru the procs */
    for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
        if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
            continue;
        }
        /* ignore procs from other jobs */
        if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
            continue;
        }
        /* bozo check */
        if (!orte_get_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_HWLOC_LOCALE, (void**)&locale, OPAL_PTR)) {
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-locale", true, ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name));
            return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
        }
        /* starting at the locale, move up thru the parents
         * to find the target object type
         */
        cpu_bitmap = NULL;
        for (obj = locale->parent; NULL != obj; obj = obj->parent) {
            opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                "%s bind:upward target %s type %s",
                                ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                hwloc_obj_type_string(obj->type));
            if (target == obj->type) {
                if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == target && cache_level != obj->attr->cache.depth) {
                    continue;
                }
                /* get its index */
                if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, obj, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                    ORTE_ERROR_LOG(ORTE_ERR_BAD_PARAM);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* track the number bound */
                data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)obj->userdata;
                data->num_bound++;
                /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, obj))) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed,
                 * and it wasn't a default binding policy (i.e., the user requested it)
                 */
                if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                    !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                    if (OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding)) {
                        /* if the user specified a binding policy, then we cannot meet
                         * it since overload isn't allowed, so error out - have the
                         * message indicate that setting overload allowed will remove
                         * this restriction */
                        orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                       opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                       data->num_bound, ncpus);
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    } else {
                        /* if we have the default binding policy, then just don't bind */
                        OPAL_SET_BINDING_POLICY(map->binding, OPAL_BIND_TO_NONE);
                        unbind_procs(jdata);
                        return ORTE_SUCCESS;
                    }
                }
                /* bind it here */
                cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, obj);
                hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&cpu_bitmap, cpus);
                orte_set_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_CPU_BITMAP, ORTE_ATTR_GLOBAL, cpu_bitmap, OPAL_STRING);
                /* record the location */
                orte_set_attribute(&proc->attributes, ORTE_PROC_HWLOC_BOUND, ORTE_ATTR_LOCAL, obj, OPAL_PTR);
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                    cpu_bitmap,
                                    hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                    idx, node->name);
                break;
            }
        }
        if (NULL == cpu_bitmap && OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jdata->map->binding)) {
            /* didn't find anyone to bind to - this is an error
             * unless the user specified if-supported
             */
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-target-not-found", true,
                           opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name);
            return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
        }
        if (NULL != cpu_bitmap) {
            free(cpu_bitmap);
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
static int bind_upwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                        hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                        unsigned cache_level)
{
    /* traverse the hwloc topology tree on each node upwards
     * until we find an object of type target - and then bind
     * the process to that target
     */
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int idx, ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind upwards for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* clear the topology of any prior usage numbers */
        opal_hwloc_base_clear_usage(node->topology);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* bozo check */
            if (NULL == proc->locale) {
                opal_output(0, "BIND UPWARDS: LOCALE FOR PROC %s IS NULL", ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name));
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* starting at the locale, move up thru the parents
             * to find the target object type
             */
            for (obj = proc->locale->parent; NULL != obj; obj = obj->parent) {
                opal_output(0, "%s bind:upward target %s type %s",
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                            hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                            hwloc_obj_type_string(obj->type));
                if (target == obj->type) {
                    if (HWLOC_OBJ_CACHE == target && cache_level != obj->attr->cache.depth) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    /* get its index */
                    if (UINT_MAX == (idx = opal_hwloc_base_get_obj_idx(node->topology, obj, OPAL_HWLOC_AVAILABLE))) {
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* track the number bound */
                    data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)obj->userdata;
                    data->num_bound++;
                    /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                    if (0 == (ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, obj))) {
                        orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed */
                    if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                        !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                        orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                       opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                       data->num_bound, ncpus);
                        return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                    }
                    /* bind it here */
                    cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, obj);
                    hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, cpus);
                    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                        "%s BOUND PROC %s TO %s[%s:%u] on node %s",
                                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                                        ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name),
                                        proc->cpu_bitmap,
                                        hwloc_obj_type_string(target),
                                        idx, node->name);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (NULL == proc->cpu_bitmap && OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                /* didn't find anyone to bind to - this is an error
                 * unless the user specified if-supported
                 */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-target-not-found", true,
                               opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
        }
    }

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
static int bind_downwards(orte_job_t *jdata,
                          hwloc_obj_type_t target,
                          unsigned cache_level)
{
    int i, j;
    orte_job_map_t *map;
    orte_node_t *node;
    orte_proc_t *proc;
    hwloc_obj_t trg_obj, nxt_obj;
    hwloc_cpuset_t cpus;
    unsigned int ncpus;
    struct hwloc_topology_support *support;
    opal_hwloc_obj_data_t *data;
    int total_cpus;
    hwloc_cpuset_t totalcpuset;

    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps: bind downward for job %s with bindings %s",
                        ORTE_JOBID_PRINT(jdata->jobid),
                        opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(jdata->map->binding));
    /* initialize */
    map = jdata->map;
    totalcpuset = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();

    for (i=0; i < map->nodes->size; i++) {
        if (NULL == (node = (orte_node_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(map->nodes, i))) {
            continue;
        }
        if (!orte_do_not_launch) {
            /* if we don't want to launch, then we are just testing the system,
             * so ignore questions about support capabilities
             */
            support = (struct hwloc_topology_support*)hwloc_topology_get_support(node->topology);
            /* check if topology supports cpubind - have to be careful here
             * as Linux doesn't currently support thread-level binding. This
             * may change in the future, though, and it isn't clear how hwloc
             * interprets the current behavior. So check both flags to be sure.
             */
            if (!support->cpubind->set_thisproc_cpubind &&
                !support->cpubind->set_thisthread_cpubind) {
                if (!OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy)) {
                    /* we are not required to bind, so ignore this */
                    continue;
                }
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:cpubind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* check if topology supports membind - have to be careful here
             * as hwloc treats this differently than I (at least) would have
             * expected. Per hwloc, Linux memory binding is at the thread,
             * and not process, level. Thus, hwloc sets the "thisproc" flag
             * to "false" on all Linux systems, and uses the "thisthread" flag
             * to indicate binding capability
             */
            if (!support->membind->set_thisproc_membind &&
                !support->membind->set_thisthread_membind) {
                if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_WARN == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa && !membind_warned) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported", true, node->name);
                    membind_warned = true;
                } else if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:membind-not-supported-fatal", true, node->name);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
            }
        }

        /* clear the topology of any prior usage numbers */
        opal_hwloc_base_clear_usage(node->topology);

        /* cycle thru the procs */
        for (j=0; j < node->procs->size; j++) {
            if (NULL == (proc = (orte_proc_t*)opal_pointer_array_get_item(node->procs, j))) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs from other jobs */
            if (proc->name.jobid != jdata->jobid) {
                continue;
            }
            /* ignore procs that have already been bound - should
             * never happen, but safer
             */
            if (NULL != proc->cpu_bitmap) {
                continue;
            }
            /* we don't know if the target is a direct child of this locale,
             * or if it is some depth below it, so we have to conduct a bit
             * of a search. Let hwloc find the min usage one for us.
             */
            trg_obj = opal_hwloc_base_find_min_bound_target_under_obj(node->topology,
                                                                      proc->locale,
                                                                      target, cache_level);
            if (NULL == trg_obj) {
                /* there aren't any such targets under this object */
                orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
            }
            /* start with a clean slate */
            hwloc_bitmap_zero(totalcpuset);
            total_cpus = 0;
            nxt_obj = trg_obj;
            do {
                if (NULL == nxt_obj) {
                    /* could not find enough cpus to meet request */
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:no-available-cpus", true, node->name);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                trg_obj = nxt_obj;
                /* get the number of cpus under this location */
                ncpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_npus(node->topology, trg_obj);
                opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                                    "%s GOT %d CPUS",
                                    ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME), ncpus);
                /* track the number bound */
                if (NULL == (data = (opal_hwloc_obj_data_t*)trg_obj->userdata)) {
                    data = OBJ_NEW(opal_hwloc_obj_data_t);
                    trg_obj->userdata = data;
                }
                data->num_bound++;
                /* error out if adding a proc would cause overload and that wasn't allowed */
                if (ncpus < data->num_bound &&
                    !OPAL_BIND_OVERLOAD_ALLOWED(jdata->map->binding)) {
                    orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-base.txt", "rmaps:binding-overload", true,
                                   opal_hwloc_base_print_binding(map->binding), node->name,
                                   data->num_bound, ncpus);
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);
                    return ORTE_ERR_SILENT;
                }
                /* bind the proc here */
                cpus = opal_hwloc_base_get_available_cpus(node->topology, trg_obj);
                hwloc_bitmap_or(totalcpuset, totalcpuset, cpus);
                total_cpus += ncpus;
                /* move to the next location, in case we need it */
                nxt_obj = trg_obj->next_cousin;
            } while (total_cpus < orte_rmaps_base.cpus_per_rank);
            hwloc_bitmap_list_asprintf(&proc->cpu_bitmap, totalcpuset);
            if (4 < opal_output_get_verbosity(orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output)) {
                char tmp1[1024], tmp2[1024];
                opal_hwloc_base_cset2str(tmp1, sizeof(tmp1), totalcpuset);
                opal_hwloc_base_cset2mapstr(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2), totalcpuset);
                opal_output(orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                            "%s BOUND PROC %s[%s] TO %s: %s",
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME),
                            ORTE_NAME_PRINT(&proc->name), node->name,
                            tmp1, tmp2);
            }
        }
    }
    hwloc_bitmap_free(totalcpuset);

    return ORTE_SUCCESS;
}
示例#10
0
static int do_child(orte_app_context_t* context,
                    orte_proc_t *child,
                    char **environ_copy,
                    orte_job_t *jobdat, int write_fd,
                    orte_iof_base_io_conf_t opts)
{
    int i, rc;
    sigset_t sigs;
    long fd, fdmax = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
    char *param, *msg;

    if (orte_forward_job_control) {
        /* Set a new process group for this child, so that a
           SIGSTOP can be sent to it without being sent to the
           orted. */
        setpgid(0, 0);
    }
    
    /* Setup the pipe to be close-on-exec */
    fcntl(write_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

    if (NULL != child) {
        /* setup stdout/stderr so that any error messages that we
           may print out will get displayed back at orterun.
           
           NOTE: Definitely do this AFTER we check contexts so
           that any error message from those two functions doesn't
           come out to the user. IF we didn't do it in this order,
           THEN a user who gives us a bad executable name or
           working directory would get N error messages, where
           N=num_procs. This would be very annoying for large
           jobs, so instead we set things up so that orterun
           always outputs a nice, single message indicating what
           happened
        */
        if (ORTE_SUCCESS != (i = orte_iof_base_setup_child(&opts, 
                                                           &environ_copy))) {
            ORTE_ERROR_LOG(i);
            send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, 
                                 "help-orte-odls-default.txt", 
                                 "iof setup failed",
                                 orte_process_info.nodename, context->app);
            /* Does not return */
        }

#if OPAL_HAVE_HWLOC
        {
            hwloc_cpuset_t cpuset;
            hwloc_obj_t root;
            opal_hwloc_topo_data_t *sum;

            /* Set process affinity, if given */
            if (NULL == child->cpu_bitmap) {
                /* if the daemon is bound, then we need to "free" this proc */
                if (NULL != orte_daemon_cores) {
                    root = hwloc_get_root_obj(opal_hwloc_topology);
                    if (NULL == root->userdata) {
                        send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                            "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "incorrectly bound",
                                            orte_process_info.nodename, context->app,
                                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    }
                    sum = (opal_hwloc_topo_data_t*)root->userdata;
                    /* bind this proc to all available processors */
                    hwloc_set_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, sum->available, 0);
                }
                if (opal_hwloc_report_bindings) {
                    opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound (or bound to all available processors)", child->name.vpid);
                    /* avoid reporting it twice */
                    (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("hwloc_base_report_bindings", &param);
                    opal_unsetenv(param, &environ_copy);
                    free(param);
                }
            } else {
                if (0 == strlen(child->cpu_bitmap)) {
                    /* this proc is not bound */
                    if (opal_hwloc_report_bindings) {
                        opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound (or bound to all available processors)", child->name.vpid);
                        /* avoid reporting it twice */
                        (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("hwloc_base_report_bindings", &param);
                        opal_unsetenv(param, &environ_copy);
                        free(param);
                    }
                    /* if the daemon is bound, then we need to "free" this proc */
                    if (NULL != orte_daemon_cores) {
                        root = hwloc_get_root_obj(opal_hwloc_topology);
                        if (NULL == root->userdata) {
                            send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                                "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "incorrectly bound",
                                                orte_process_info.nodename, context->app,
                                                __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        }
                        sum = (opal_hwloc_topo_data_t*)root->userdata;
                        /* bind this proc to all available processors */
                        hwloc_set_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, sum->available, 0);
                    }
                    /* provide a nice string representation of what we bound to */
                    (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("orte_base_applied_binding", &param);
                    opal_setenv(param, child->cpu_bitmap, true, &environ_copy);
                    free(param);
                    goto PROCEED;
                }
                /* convert the list to a cpu bitmap */
                cpuset = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();
                if (0 != (rc = hwloc_bitmap_list_sscanf(cpuset, child->cpu_bitmap))) {
                    /* See comment above about "This may be a small memory leak" */
                    asprintf(&msg, "hwloc_bitmap_sscanf returned \"%s\" for the string \"%s\"",
                             opal_strerror(rc), child->cpu_bitmap);
                    if (NULL == msg) {
                        msg = "failed to convert bitmap list to hwloc bitmap";
                    }
                    if (OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jobdat->map->binding) &&
                        OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                        /* If binding is required and a binding directive was explicitly
                         * given (i.e., we are not binding due to a default policy),
                         * send an error up the pipe (which exits -- it doesn't return).
                         */
                        send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                             "binding generic error",
                                             orte_process_info.nodename, 
                                             context->app, msg, 
                                             __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    } else {
                        send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                            "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "not bound",
                                            orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        goto PROCEED;
                    }
                }
                /* bind as specified */
                rc = hwloc_set_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, cpuset, 0);
                /* if we got an error and this wasn't a default binding policy, then report it */
                if (rc < 0  && OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                    char *tmp = NULL;
                    if (errno == ENOSYS) {
                        msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding not supported";
                    } else if (errno == EXDEV) {
                        msg = "hwloc indicates cpu binding cannot be enforced";
                    } else {
                        asprintf(&msg, "hwloc_set_cpubind returned \"%s\" for bitmap \"%s\"",
                                 opal_strerror(rc), child->cpu_bitmap);
                    }
                    if (OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                        /* If binding is required, send an error up the pipe (which exits
                           -- it doesn't return). */
                        send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                             "binding generic error",
                                             orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg, 
                                             __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    } else {
                        send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                            "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "not bound",
                                            orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        if (NULL != tmp) {
                            free(tmp);
                            free(msg);
                        }
                        goto PROCEED;
                    }
                    if (NULL != tmp) {
                        free(tmp);
                        free(msg);
                    }
                }
                if (0 == rc && opal_hwloc_report_bindings) {
                    char tmp1[1024], tmp2[1024];
                    hwloc_cpuset_t mycpus;
                    /* get the cpus we are bound to */
                    mycpus = hwloc_bitmap_alloc();
                    if (hwloc_get_cpubind(opal_hwloc_topology, 
                                          mycpus, 
                                          HWLOC_CPUBIND_PROCESS) < 0) {
                        opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound",
                                    child->name.vpid);
                    } else {
                        if (OPAL_ERR_NOT_BOUND == opal_hwloc_base_cset2str(tmp1, sizeof(tmp1), opal_hwloc_topology, mycpus)) {
                            opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d is not bound (or bound to all available processors)", child->name.vpid);
                        } else {
                            opal_hwloc_base_cset2mapstr(tmp2, sizeof(tmp2), opal_hwloc_topology, mycpus);
                            opal_output(0, "MCW rank %d bound to %s: %s",
                                        child->name.vpid, tmp1, tmp2);
                        }
                    }
                    hwloc_bitmap_free(mycpus);
                    /* avoid reporting it twice */
                    (void) mca_base_var_env_name ("hwloc_base_report_bindings", &param);
                    opal_unsetenv(param, &environ_copy);
                    free(param);
                }
                /* set memory affinity policy - if we get an error, don't report
                 * anything unless the user actually specified the binding policy
                 */
                rc = opal_hwloc_base_set_process_membind_policy();
                if (ORTE_SUCCESS != rc  && OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jobdat->map->binding)) {
                    if (errno == ENOSYS) {
                        msg = "hwloc indicates memory binding not supported";
                    } else if (errno == EXDEV) {
                        msg = "hwloc indicates memory binding cannot be enforced";
                    } else {
                        msg = "failed to bind memory";
                    }
                    if (OPAL_HWLOC_BASE_MBFA_ERROR == opal_hwloc_base_mbfa) {
                        /* If binding is required, send an error up the pipe (which exits
                           -- it doesn't return). */
                        send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                                             "memory binding error",
                                             orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg, 
                                             __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    } else {
                        send_warn_show_help(write_fd,
                                            "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "memory not bound",
                                            orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, msg,
                                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        goto PROCEED;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
#endif

    } else if (!(ORTE_JOB_CONTROL_FORWARD_OUTPUT & jobdat->controls)) {
        /* tie stdin/out/err/internal to /dev/null */
        int fdnull;
        for (i=0; i < 3; i++) {
            fdnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY, 0);
            if (fdnull > i && i != write_fd) {
                dup2(fdnull, i);
            }
            close(fdnull);
        }
        fdnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY, 0);
        if (fdnull > opts.p_internal[1]) {
            dup2(fdnull, opts.p_internal[1]);
        }
        close(fdnull);
    }

#if OPAL_HAVE_HWLOC
 PROCEED:
#endif

    /* if the user requested it, set the system resource limits */
    if (OPAL_SUCCESS != (rc = opal_util_init_sys_limits(&msg))) {
        send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, "help-orte-odls-default.txt",
                             "set limit",
                             orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, 
                             __FILE__, __LINE__, msg);
    }
    /* ensure we only do this once */
    (void) mca_base_var_env_name("opal_set_max_sys_limits", &param);
    opal_unsetenv(param, &environ_copy);
    free(param);

    /* close all file descriptors w/ exception of stdin/stdout/stderr,
       the pipe used for the IOF INTERNAL messages, and the pipe up to
       the parent. */
    for(fd=3; fd<fdmax; fd++) {
        if (fd != opts.p_internal[1] && fd != write_fd) {
            close(fd);
        }
    }
    
    if (context->argv == NULL) {
        context->argv = malloc(sizeof(char*)*2);
        context->argv[0] = strdup(context->app);
        context->argv[1] = NULL;
    }
    
    /* Set signal handlers back to the default.  Do this close to
       the exev() because the event library may (and likely will)
       reset them.  If we don't do this, the event library may
       have left some set that, at least on some OS's, don't get
       reset via fork() or exec().  Hence, the launched process
       could be unkillable (for example). */
    
    set_handler_default(SIGTERM);
    set_handler_default(SIGINT);
    set_handler_default(SIGHUP);
    set_handler_default(SIGPIPE);
    set_handler_default(SIGCHLD);
    
    /* Unblock all signals, for many of the same reasons that we
       set the default handlers, above.  This is noticable on
       Linux where the event library blocks SIGTERM, but we don't
       want that blocked by the launched process. */
    sigprocmask(0, 0, &sigs);
    sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigs, 0);
    
    /* Exec the new executable */
    
    if (10 < opal_output_get_verbosity(orte_odls_base_framework.framework_output)) {
        int jout;
        opal_output(0, "%s STARTING %s", ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME), context->app);
        for (jout=0; NULL != context->argv[jout]; jout++) {
            opal_output(0, "%s\tARGV[%d]: %s", ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME), jout, context->argv[jout]);
        }
        for (jout=0; NULL != environ_copy[jout]; jout++) {
            opal_output(0, "%s\tENVIRON[%d]: %s", ORTE_NAME_PRINT(ORTE_PROC_MY_NAME), jout, environ_copy[jout]);
        }
    }
    
    execve(context->app, context->argv, environ_copy);
    send_error_show_help(write_fd, 1, 
                         "help-orte-odls-default.txt", "execve error",
                         orte_process_info.nodename, context->app, strerror(errno));
    /* Does not return */
}
/*********************************
 * Parsing Functions
 *********************************/
int rmaps_lama_process_alias_params(orte_job_t *jdata)
{
    int exit_status = ORTE_SUCCESS;

    /*
     * Mapping options
     * Note: L1, L2, L3 are not exposed in orterun to the user, so
     *       there is no need to specify them here.
     */
    if( NULL == rmaps_lama_cmd_map ) {
        /* orte_rmaps_base.mapping */
        switch( ORTE_GET_MAPPING_POLICY(jdata->map->mapping) ) {
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYNODE:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("nbNsL3L2L1ch"); */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("nbsch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYBOARD:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("bnNsL3L2L1ch"); */
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid mapping option",
                           true,
                           "by board", "mapping by board not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYNUMA:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("NbnsL3L2L1ch"); */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("Nbnsch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYSOCKET:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("sNbnL3L2L1ch"); */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("sbnch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL3CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("L3sNbnL2L1ch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL2CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("L2sNbnL1ch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYL1CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("L1sNbnch");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYCORE:
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYSLOT:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("cL1L2L3sNbnh"); */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("csbnh");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYHWTHREAD:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("hcL1L2L3sNbn"); */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("hcsbn");
            break;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_RR:
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid mapping option",
                           true,
                           "round robin", "mapping by round robin not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_SEQ:
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid mapping option",
                           true,
                           "sequential", "mapping by sequential not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
        case ORTE_MAPPING_BYUSER:
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid mapping option",
                           true,
                           "by user", "mapping by user not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
        default:
            /*
             * Default is map-by core
             */
            rmaps_lama_cmd_map = strdup("cL1L2L3sNbnh");
            break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Binding Options
     */
    if( NULL == rmaps_lama_cmd_bind ) {
        /*
         * No binding specified, use default
         */
        if( !OPAL_BINDING_POLICY_IS_SET(jdata->map->binding) ||
            !OPAL_BINDING_REQUIRED(opal_hwloc_binding_policy) ||
            OPAL_BIND_TO_NONE == OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding) ) {
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = NULL;
        }

        switch( OPAL_GET_BINDING_POLICY(jdata->map->binding) ) {
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_BOARD:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1b"); */
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid binding option",
                           true,
                           "by board", "binding to board not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_NUMA:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1N");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_SOCKET:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1s");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_L3CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1L3");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_L2CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1L2");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_L1CACHE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1L1");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_CORE:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1c");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_HWTHREAD:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = strdup("1h");
            break;
        case OPAL_BIND_TO_CPUSET:
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid binding option",
                           true,
                           "by CPU set", "binding to CPU set not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
            break;
        default:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_bind = NULL;
            break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Ordering (a.k.a. Ranking) Options
     */
    if( NULL == rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering ) {
        /* orte_rmaps_base.ranking */
        switch( ORTE_GET_RANKING_POLICY(jdata->map->ranking) ) {
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_SLOT:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering = strdup("s");
            break;
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_NODE:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_NUMA:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_SOCKET:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_L3CACHE:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_L2CACHE:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_L1CACHE:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_CORE:
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_HWTHREAD:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering = strdup("n");
            break;
        case ORTE_RANK_BY_BOARD:
            /* rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering = strdup("n"); */
            orte_show_help("help-orte-rmaps-lama.txt",
                           "invalid ordering option",
                           true,
                           "by board", "ordering by board not supported by LAMA");
            exit_status = ORTE_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto cleanup;
            break;
        default:
            rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering = strdup("n");
            break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * MPPR
     */
    if( NULL == rmaps_lama_cmd_mppr ) {
        /*
         * The ppr is given in the map
         */
        if( NULL != jdata->map->ppr) {
            rmaps_lama_cmd_mppr = rmaps_lama_covert_ppr(jdata->map->ppr);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Oversubscription
     */
    if( ORTE_MAPPING_NO_OVERSUBSCRIBE & ORTE_GET_MAPPING_DIRECTIVE(jdata->map->mapping) ) {
        rmaps_lama_can_oversubscribe = false;
    }
    else {
        rmaps_lama_can_oversubscribe = true;
    }

    /*
     * Display revised values
     */
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps:lama: Revised Parameters -----");
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps:lama: Map   : %s",
                        rmaps_lama_cmd_map);
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps:lama: Bind  : %s",
                        rmaps_lama_cmd_bind);
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps:lama: MPPR  : %s",
                        rmaps_lama_cmd_mppr);
    opal_output_verbose(5, orte_rmaps_base_framework.framework_output,
                        "mca:rmaps:lama: Order : %s",
                        rmaps_lama_cmd_ordering);

 cleanup:
    return exit_status;
}