// Michael Pease

//

// breakout.c

//

// Computer Science 50

// Problem Set 4

//

// standard libraries

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <time.h>

#include<math.h>

// Stanford Portable Library

#include "gevents.h"

#include "gobjects.h"

#include "gwindow.h"

// height and width of game's window in pixels

#define HEIGHT 600

#define WIDTH 400

// height and width of game's paddle in pixels

#define PHEIGHT 10

#define PWIDTH 60

// number of rows of bricks

#define ROWS 5

// number of columns of bricks

#define COLS 10

// height and width of game's bricks in pixels

#define BHEIGHT 10

#define BWIDTH 36

// radius of ball in pixels

#define RADIUS 10

// lives

#define LIVES 3

// prototypes

void initBricks(GWindow window);

GOval initBall(GWindow window);

GRect initPaddle(GWindow window);

GLabel initScoreboard(GWindow window);

void updateScoreboard(GWindow window, GLabel label, int points);

GObject detectCollision(GWindow window, GOval ball);

int main(void)

{

// seed pseudorandom number generator

srand48(time(NULL));

// instantiate window

GWindow window = newGWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT);

// instantiate bricks

initBricks(window);

// instantiate ball, centered in middle of window

GOval ball = initBall(window);

// instantiate paddle, centered at bottom of window

GRect paddle = initPaddle(window);

// instantiate scoreboard, centered in middle of window, just above ball

GLabel label = initScoreboard(window);

// number of bricks initially

int bricks = COLS * ROWS;

// number of lives initially

int lives = LIVES;

// number of points initially

int points = 0;

// initial velocity of ball in the x and y direction

double xVelocity = ((1.0 * drand48()) + 2.0);

double yVelocity = ((1.0 * drand48()) + 2.0);

waitForClick();

// keep playing until game over

while (lives > 0 && bricks > 0)

{

// sets ball in motion

move(ball, xVelocity, yVelocity);

// bounce off right edge of window

if (getX(ball) + getWidth(ball) >= WIDTH)

xVelocity = -xVelocity;

// bounce off left edge of window

else if (getX(ball) <= 0)

xVelocity = -xVelocity;

// hit bottom edge bottom edge and reset, lose life

else if (getY(ball) + getWidth(ball) >= HEIGHT)

{

removeGWindow(window, ball);

ball = initBall(window);

lives--;

waitForClick();

}

// bounce off top edge of window

else if (getY(ball) <= 0)

yVelocity = -yVelocity;

// linger before moving again

pause(10);

// creates variable to control paddle movement

GEvent paddleMovement = getNextEvent(MOUSE_EVENT);

if (paddleMovement != NULL)

{

// if the event was movement

if (getEventType(paddleMovement) == MOUSE_MOVED)

{

// check to make sure the entire paddle stays within

// the confines of the game window

if (getX(paddleMovement) >= (PWIDTH / 2) &&\

getX(paddleMovement) <= WIDTH - (PWIDTH/2))

{

double x = getX(paddleMovement) - (PWIDTH/2);

setLocation(paddle, x, 550);

}

}

}

// detects if ball collides with another GObject in game window

GObject object = detectCollision(window, ball);

if (object == NULL)

{

continue;

}

else if (object == label)

continue;

else if (object == paddle)

{

yVelocity = -yVelocity;

}

else

{

yVelocity = -yVelocity;

bricks--;

points++;

removeGWindow(window, object);

updateScoreboard(window, label, points);

}

}

// wait for click before exiting

waitForClick();

// game over

closeGWindow(window);

return 0;

}

/**

* Initializes window with a grid of bricks.

*/

void initBricks(GWindow window)

{

int brickLocationX = 2;

int brickLocationY = 50;

char* colors[5] = {"RED", "ORANGE", "YELLOW", "GREEN", "CYAN"};

for (int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < COLS; j++)

{

GRect brick = newGRect(0, 0, BWIDTH, BHEIGHT);

setFilled(brick, true);

setColor(brick, colors[i]);

setLocation(brick, brickLocationX, brickLocationY);

brickLocationX += 40;

add(window, brick);

if (j == 9)

{

brickLocationX = 2;

brickLocationY += 14;

}

}

}

}

/**

* Instantiates ball in center of window. Returns ball.

*/

GOval initBall(GWindow window)

{

GOval ball = newGOval(0, 0, 2 *RADIUS, 2 * RADIUS);

setColor(ball, "BLACK");

setFilled(ball, true);

setLocation(ball, (WIDTH/2) - RADIUS, (HEIGHT/2) - RADIUS);

add(window, ball);

return ball;

}

/**

* Instantiates paddle in bottom-middle of window.

*/

GRect initPaddle(GWindow window)

{

GRect paddle = newGRect(0, 0, PWIDTH, PHEIGHT);

setColor(paddle, "BLACK");

setFilled(paddle, true);

setLocation(paddle, ((WIDTH/2) - (PWIDTH/2)), 550);

add(window, paddle);

return paddle;

}

/*

* Instantiates, configures, and returns label for scoreboard.

*/

GLabel initScoreboard(GWindow window)

{

GLabel label = newGLabel("0");

double x = (WIDTH / 2) - (getWidth(label) + 4.5);

double y = ((HEIGHT - getHeight(label)) / 2) - RADIUS;

setLocation(label, x, y);

setColor(label, "GRAY");

setFont(label, "Dialog-40");

add(window, label);

sendToBack(label);

return label;

}

/**

* Updates scoreboard's label, keeping it centered in window.

*/

void updateScoreboard(GWindow window, GLabel label, int points)

{

// update label

char s[12];

sprintf(s, "%i", points);

setLabel(label, s);

// center label in window

double x = (getWidth(window) - getWidth(label)) / 2;

double y = (getHeight(window) - getHeight(label)) / 2;

setLocation(label, x, y);

}

/**

* Detects whether ball has collided with some object in window

* by checking the four corners of its bounding box (which are

* outside the ball's GOval, and so the ball can't collide with

* itself). Returns object if so, else NULL.

*/

GObject detectCollision(GWindow window, GOval ball)

{

// ball's location

double x = getX(ball);

double y = getY(ball);

// for checking for collisions

GObject object;

// check for collision at ball's top-left corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x, y);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's top-right corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x + 2 * RADIUS, y);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's bottom-left corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x, y + 2 * RADIUS);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// check for collision at ball's bottom-right corner

object = getGObjectAt(window, x + 2 * RADIUS, y + 2 * RADIUS);

if (object != NULL)

{

return object;

}

// no collision

return NULL;

}