void 
      createNewElements(percept::PerceptMesh& eMesh, NodeRegistry& nodeRegistry, 
                        stk::mesh::Entity& element,  NewSubEntityNodesType& new_sub_entity_nodes, vector<stk::mesh::Entity *>::iterator& element_pool,
                        stk::mesh::FieldBase *proc_rank_field=0)
      {
        const CellTopologyData * const cell_topo_data = stk::percept::PerceptMesh::get_cell_topology(element);
        typedef boost::tuple<stk::mesh::EntityId, stk::mesh::EntityId> line_tuple_type;
        static vector<line_tuple_type> elems(2);

        CellTopology cell_topo(cell_topo_data);
        const stk::mesh::PairIterRelation elem_nodes = element.relations(stk::mesh::fem::FEMMetaData::NODE_RANK);

        std::vector<stk::mesh::Part*> add_parts;
        std::vector<stk::mesh::Part*> remove_parts;

        add_parts = m_toParts;
        
        unsigned num_nodes_on_edge = new_sub_entity_nodes[m_eMesh.edge_rank()][0].size();
        if (!num_nodes_on_edge)
          return;

        double coord_x[3];
        for (int iedge = 0; iedge < 1; iedge++)
          {
            //double * mp = midPoint(EDGE_COORD(iedge,0), EDGE_COORD(iedge,1), eMesh.get_spatial_dim(), coord_x);
            //double * mp = midPoint(FACE_COORD(iedge,0), FACE_COORD(iedge,1), eMesh.get_spatial_dim(), coord_x);
            double * mp = midPoint(VERT_COORD(0), VERT_COORD(1), eMesh.get_spatial_dim(), coord_x);

            if (!EDGE_N(iedge))
              {
                std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid ## = 0  " << std::endl;
              }

            eMesh.createOrGetNode(EDGE_N(iedge), mp);
          }

        // FIXME
        nodeRegistry.makeCentroidCoords(*const_cast<stk::mesh::Entity *>(&element), m_primaryEntityRank, 0u);
        nodeRegistry.addToExistingParts(*const_cast<stk::mesh::Entity *>(&element), m_primaryEntityRank, 0u);

        nodeRegistry.interpolateFields(*const_cast<stk::mesh::Entity *>(&element), m_primaryEntityRank, 0u);

        Elem::CellTopology elem_celltopo = Elem::getCellTopology< FromTopology >();
        const Elem::RefinementTopology* ref_topo_p = Elem::getRefinementTopology(elem_celltopo);
        const Elem::RefinementTopology& ref_topo = *ref_topo_p;

#ifndef NDEBUG
        unsigned num_child = ref_topo.num_child();
        VERIFY_OP(num_child, == , 2, "createNewElements num_child problem");
        bool homogeneous_child = ref_topo.homogeneous_child();
        VERIFY_OP(homogeneous_child, ==, true, "createNewElements homogeneous_child");
#endif

        // new_sub_entity_nodes[i][j]
        //const UInt * const * child_nodes() const {
        //const UInt * child_node_0 = ref_topo.child_node(0);

        typedef Elem::StdMeshObjTopologies::RefTopoX RefTopoX;
        RefTopoX& l2 = Elem::StdMeshObjTopologies::RefinementTopologyExtra< FromTopology > ::refinement_topology;

#define CENTROID_N NN(m_primaryEntityRank,0)  

        for (unsigned iChild = 0; iChild < 2; iChild++)
          {
            unsigned EN[2];
            for (unsigned jNode = 0; jNode < 2; jNode++)
              {
                unsigned childNodeIdx = ref_topo.child_node(iChild)[jNode];
#ifndef NDEBUG
                unsigned childNodeIdxCheck = l2[childNodeIdx].ordinal_of_node;
                VERIFY_OP(childNodeIdx, ==, childNodeIdxCheck, "childNodeIdxCheck");
#endif
                unsigned inode=0;

                if (l2[childNodeIdx].rank_of_subcell == 0)
                  inode = VERT_N(l2[childNodeIdx].ordinal_of_subcell);
                else if (l2[childNodeIdx].rank_of_subcell == 1)
                  inode = EDGE_N(l2[childNodeIdx].ordinal_of_subcell);

                //                 else if (l2[childNodeIdx].rank_of_subcell == 2)
                //                   inode = CENTROID_N;

                EN[jNode] = inode;
              }
            elems[iChild] = line_tuple_type(EN[0], EN[1]);
          }

#undef CENTROID_N

        for (unsigned ielem=0; ielem < elems.size(); ielem++)
          {
            stk::mesh::Entity& newElement = *(*element_pool);

#if 0
            if (proc_rank_field && proc_rank_field->rank() == m_eMesh.edge_rank()) //&& m_eMesh.get_spatial_dim()==1)
              {
                double *fdata = stk::mesh::field_data( *static_cast<const ScalarFieldType *>(proc_rank_field) , newElement );
                //fdata[0] = double(m_eMesh.get_rank());
                fdata[0] = double(newElement.owner_rank());
              }
#endif
            stk::mesh::FieldBase * proc_rank_field_edge = m_eMesh.get_field("proc_rank_edge");
            if (proc_rank_field_edge)
              {
                double *fdata = stk::mesh::field_data( *static_cast<const ScalarFieldType *>(proc_rank_field_edge) , newElement );
                fdata[0] = double(newElement.owner_rank());
                //fdata[0] = 1234.56;
                if (0)
                std::cout << "P[" << m_eMesh.get_rank() << "] tmp set proc_rank_field_edge to value = " << newElement.owner_rank() 
                          << " for side element = " << newElement.identifier()
                          << std::endl;
              }

            //eMesh.get_bulk_data()->change_entity_parts( newElement, add_parts, remove_parts );

            change_entity_parts(eMesh, element, newElement);

            {
              if (!elems[ielem].get<0>())
                {
                  std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid = 0  " << std::endl;
                  exit(1);
                }

            }

            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<0>()), 0);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<1>()), 1);

            set_parent_child_relations(eMesh, element, newElement, ielem);

            element_pool++;

          }

      }
      void 
      createNewElements(percept::PerceptMesh& eMesh, NodeRegistry& nodeRegistry, 
                        stk_classic::mesh::Entity& element,  NewSubEntityNodesType& new_sub_entity_nodes, vector<stk_classic::mesh::Entity *>::iterator& element_pool,
                        stk_classic::mesh::FieldBase *proc_rank_field=0)
      {
        const CellTopologyData * const cell_topo_data = stk_classic::percept::PerceptMesh::get_cell_topology(element);
        typedef boost::tuple<stk_classic::mesh::EntityId, stk_classic::mesh::EntityId, stk_classic::mesh::EntityId> tri_tuple_type;
        static vector<tri_tuple_type> elems(6);

        CellTopology cell_topo(cell_topo_data);
        const stk_classic::mesh::PairIterRelation elem_nodes = element.relations(stk_classic::mesh::fem::FEMMetaData::NODE_RANK);

        //stk_classic::mesh::Part & active = mesh->ActivePart();
        //stk_classic::mesh::Part & quad4  = mesh->QuadPart();

        std::vector<stk_classic::mesh::Part*> add_parts;
        std::vector<stk_classic::mesh::Part*> remove_parts;

        //add_parts.push_back( &active );
        //FIXME 
        //add_parts.push_back( const_cast<mesh::Part*>( eMesh.getPart(m_toTopoPartName) ));
        add_parts = m_toParts;
        
        /**
           \node[above] at (p4.side 1){2};
           \node[left] at (p4.side 2){3};
           \node[below] at (p4.side 3){0};
           \node[right] at (p4.side 4){1};
        */



        double tmp_x[3];
        for (int iedge = 0; iedge < 4; iedge++)
          {
            double * mp = midPoint(EDGE_COORD(iedge,0), EDGE_COORD(iedge,1), eMesh.get_spatial_dim(), tmp_x);

            if (!EDGE_N(iedge))
              {
                std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid ## = 0 << " << std::endl;
              }
            eMesh.createOrGetNode(EDGE_N(iedge), mp);

          }


        elems[0] = tri_tuple_type(VERT_N(0), EDGE_N(0), EDGE_N(3));
        elems[1] = tri_tuple_type(VERT_N(1), EDGE_N(1), EDGE_N(0));
        elems[2] = tri_tuple_type(EDGE_N(0), EDGE_N(1), EDGE_N(3));

        elems[3] = tri_tuple_type(VERT_N(2), EDGE_N(2), EDGE_N(1));
        elems[4] = tri_tuple_type(VERT_N(3), EDGE_N(3), EDGE_N(2));
        elems[5] = tri_tuple_type(EDGE_N(2), EDGE_N(3), EDGE_N(1));

        // write a diagram of the refinement pattern as a vtk file, or a latex/tikz/pgf file
#define WRITE_DIAGRAM 0
#if WRITE_DIAGRAM

#endif
        
        for (unsigned ielem=0; ielem < elems.size(); ielem++)
          {
            //stk_classic::mesh::Entity& newElement = eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_entity(Element, *element_id_pool, eMesh.getPart(interface_table::shards_Triangle_3) );
            //stk_classic::mesh::Entity& newElement = eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_entity(Element, *element_id_pool, eMesh.getPart(interface_table::shards_Triangle_3) );

            stk_classic::mesh::Entity& newElement = *(*element_pool);

            if (proc_rank_field)
              {
                double *fdata = stk_classic::mesh::field_data( *static_cast<const ScalarFieldType *>(proc_rank_field) , newElement );
                //fdata[0] = double(m_eMesh.get_rank());
                fdata[0] = double(newElement.owner_rank());
              }

            //eMesh.get_bulk_data()->change_entity_parts( newElement, add_parts, remove_parts );
            change_entity_parts(eMesh, element, newElement);

            {
              if (!elems[ielem].get<0>())
                {
                  std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid = 0 << " << std::endl;
                  exit(1);
                }

            }
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<0>()), 0);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<1>()), 1);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<2>()), 2);

            set_parent_child_relations(eMesh, element, newElement, ielem);


            element_pool++;

          }

      }
      void 
      createNewElements(percept::PerceptMesh& eMesh, NodeRegistry& nodeRegistry, 
                        stk::mesh::Entity& element,  NewSubEntityNodesType& new_sub_entity_nodes, vector<stk::mesh::Entity *>::iterator& element_pool,
                        stk::mesh::FieldBase *proc_rank_field=0)
      {
        const CellTopologyData * const cell_topo_data = stk::percept::PerceptMesh::get_cell_topology(element);
        typedef boost::tuple<stk::mesh::EntityId, stk::mesh::EntityId, stk::mesh::EntityId, stk::mesh::EntityId> quad_tuple_type;
        static vector<quad_tuple_type> elems(4);

        CellTopology cell_topo(cell_topo_data);
        const stk::mesh::PairIterRelation elem_nodes = element.relations(stk::mesh::fem::FEMMetaData::NODE_RANK);

        //stk::mesh::Part & active = mesh->ActivePart();
        //stk::mesh::Part & quad4  = mesh->QuadPart();

        std::vector<stk::mesh::Part*> add_parts;
        std::vector<stk::mesh::Part*> remove_parts;

        //add_parts.push_back( &active );
        //FIXME 
        //add_parts.push_back( const_cast<mesh::Part*>( eMesh.getPart(m_toTopoPartName) ));
        add_parts = m_toParts;
        
        double tmp_x[3];
        for (int iedge = 0; iedge < 4; iedge++)
          {
            double * mp = midPoint(EDGE_COORD(iedge,0), EDGE_COORD(iedge,1), eMesh.get_spatial_dim(), tmp_x);

            if (!EDGE_N(iedge))
              {
                std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid ## = 0 << " << std::endl;
              }
            eMesh.createOrGetNode(EDGE_N(iedge), mp);

          }

        nodeRegistry.makeCentroidCoords(*const_cast<stk::mesh::Entity *>(&element), m_eMesh.element_rank(), 0u);


// new_sub_entity_nodes[i][j]
#define CENTROID_N NN(m_primaryEntityRank,0)  

        elems[0] = quad_tuple_type(VERT_N(0), EDGE_N(0), CENTROID_N, EDGE_N(3));
        elems[1] = quad_tuple_type(VERT_N(1), EDGE_N(1), CENTROID_N, EDGE_N(0));
        elems[2] = quad_tuple_type(VERT_N(2), EDGE_N(2), CENTROID_N, EDGE_N(1));
        elems[3] = quad_tuple_type(VERT_N(3), EDGE_N(3), CENTROID_N, EDGE_N(2));

#undef CENTROID_N

        // write a diagram of the refinement pattern as a vtk file, or a latex/tikz/pgf file
#define WRITE_DIAGRAM 0
#if WRITE_DIAGRAM

#endif
        
        for (unsigned ielem=0; ielem < elems.size(); ielem++)
          {
            stk::mesh::Entity& newElement = *(*element_pool);

            if (proc_rank_field)
              {
                double *fdata = stk::mesh::field_data( *static_cast<const ScalarFieldType *>(proc_rank_field) , newElement );
                //fdata[0] = double(m_eMesh.get_rank());
                fdata[0] = double(newElement.owner_rank());
              }

            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->change_entity_parts( newElement, add_parts, remove_parts );

            {
              if (!elems[ielem].get<0>())
                {
                  std::cout << "P[" << eMesh.get_rank() << " nid = 0 << " << std::endl;
                  exit(1);
                }

            }
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<0>()), 0);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<1>()), 1);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<2>()), 2);
            eMesh.get_bulk_data()->declare_relation(newElement, eMesh.createOrGetNode(elems[ielem].get<3>()), 3);

            set_parent_child_relations(eMesh, element, newElement, ielem);


            element_pool++;

          }

      }