autoExcitation Spectrum_to_Excitation (Spectrum me, double dbark) {
	try {
		long nbark = (int) floor (25.6 / dbark + 0.5);
		double *re = my z [1], *im = my z [2]; 

		autoNUMvector <double> auditoryFilter (1, nbark);
		double filterArea = 0;
		for (long i = 1; i <= nbark; i ++) {
			double bark = dbark * (i - nbark/2) + 0.474;
			filterArea += auditoryFilter [i] = pow (10, (1.581 + 0.75 * bark - 1.75 * sqrt (1 + bark * bark)));
		}
		/*for (long i = 1; i <= nbark; i ++)
			auditoryFilter [i] /= filterArea;*/
		autoNUMvector <double> rFreqs (1, nbark + 1);
		autoNUMvector <long> iFreqs (1, nbark + 1);
		for (long i = 1; i <= nbark + 1; i ++) {
			rFreqs [i] = Excitation_barkToHertz (dbark * (i - 1));
			iFreqs [i] = Sampled_xToNearestIndex (me, rFreqs [i]);
		}
		autoNUMvector <double> inSig (1, nbark);
		for (long i = 1; i <= nbark; i ++) {
			long low = iFreqs [i], high = iFreqs [i + 1] - 1;
			if (low < 1) low = 1;
			if (high > my nx) high = my nx;
			for (long j = low; j <= high; j ++) {
				inSig [i] += re [j] * re [j] + im [j] * im [j];   // Pa2 s2
			}

			/* An anti-undersampling correction. */
			if (high >= low)
				inSig [i] *= 2.0 * (rFreqs [i + 1] - rFreqs [i]) / (high - low + 1) * my dx;   // Pa2: power density in this band
		}

		/* Convolution with auditory (masking) filter. */

		autoNUMvector <double> outSig (1, 2 * nbark);
		for (long i = 1; i <= nbark; i ++) {
			for (long j = 1; j <= nbark; j ++) {
				outSig [i + j] += inSig [i] * auditoryFilter [j];
			}
		}

		autoExcitation thee = Excitation_create (dbark, nbark);
		for (long i = 1; i <= nbark; i ++) {
			thy z [1] [i] = Excitation_soundPressureToPhon (sqrt (outSig [i + nbark/2]), Sampled_indexToX (thee.get(), i));
		}

		return thee;
	} catch (MelderError) {
		Melder_throw (me, U": not converted to Excitation.");
	}
}
Any Cochleagram_to_Excitation (I, double t)
{
	iam (Cochleagram);
	long column = Matrix_xToNearestColumn (me, t), ifreq;
	Excitation thee;
	if (column < 1) column = 1;
	if (column > my nx) column = my nx;
	thee = Excitation_create (my dy, my ny);
	if (! thee) return NULL;
	for (ifreq = 1; ifreq <= my ny; ifreq ++)
		thy z [1] [ifreq] = my z [ifreq] [column];
	return thee;
}
autoExcitation Cochleagram_to_Excitation (Cochleagram me, double t) {
	try {
		long column = Matrix_xToNearestColumn (me, t);
		if (column < 1) column = 1;
		if (column > my nx) column = my nx;
		autoExcitation thee = Excitation_create (my dy, my ny);
		for (long ifreq = 1; ifreq <= my ny; ifreq ++)
			thy z [1] [ifreq] = my z [ifreq] [column];
		return thee;
	} catch (MelderError) {
		Melder_throw (me, U": slice at time ", t, U" seconds not extracted to Excitation.");
	}
}