Beispiel #1
0
namespace android {

/*
 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
 * namespace android.
 */
extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
extern int register_android_graphics_PorterDuff(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Rasterizer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Xfermode(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_PixelFormat(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_graphics_NativeUtils(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_Display(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_ViewRoot(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteCompiledSql(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDatabase(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteProgram(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteQuery(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteStatement(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_debug_JNITest(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_nfc_NdefMessage(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_nfc_NdefRecord(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_pim_EventRecurrence(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_text_format_Time(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_Power(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_StatFs(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_FileUtils(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_security_Md5MessageDigest(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_bluetooth_HeadsetBase(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothAudioGateway(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothSocket(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_bluetooth_ScoSocket(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_server_BluetoothService(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_server_BluetoothEventLoop(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_server_BluetoothA2dpService(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_server_Watchdog(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);

static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;

static void doThrow(JNIEnv* env, const char* exc, const char* msg = NULL)
{
    if (jniThrowException(env, exc, msg) != 0)
        assert(false);
}

/*
 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
 */
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}

static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    return 1;
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
}

static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    char* value = getenv("qwerty");
    if (value != NULL && strcmp(value, "true") == 0) {
        return 1;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

/*
 * JNI registration.
 */
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    { "finishInit", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit },
    { "zygoteInitNative", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit },
    { "isComputerOn", "()I",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn },
    { "turnComputerOn", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn },    
    { "getQwertyKeyboard", "()I",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard },
};

int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
        gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;


AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
{
    SkGraphics::Init();
    // this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode
    // in case the src is opaque and 24bit
    SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config);
    // This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable"
    // bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java
    // heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key
    // java call site.
    SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024);
    // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
    // see SkFontHost_android.cpp

    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
    mOptions.setCapacity(20);

    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
    gCurRuntime = this;
}

AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
{
    SkGraphics::Term();
}

/*
 * Register native methods using JNI.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
}

/*
 * Call a static Java Programming Language function that takes no arguments and returns void.
 */
status_t AndroidRuntime::callStatic(const char* className, const char* methodName)
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    jclass clazz;
    jmethodID methodId;

    env = getJNIEnv();
    if (env == NULL)
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;

    clazz = findClass(env, className);
    if (clazz == NULL) {
        LOGE("ERROR: could not find class '%s'\n", className);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }
    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, methodName, "()V");
    if (methodId == NULL) {
        LOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.%s\n", className, methodName);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId);

    return NO_ERROR;
}

status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(
    const char* className, int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    jclass clazz;
    jmethodID methodId;

    LOGD("Calling main entry %s", className);

    env = getJNIEnv();
    if (env == NULL)
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;

    clazz = findClass(env, className);
    if (clazz == NULL) {
        LOGE("ERROR: could not find class '%s'\n", className);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    if (methodId == NULL) {
        LOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
     * Create an array and populate it.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(argc, stringClass, NULL);

    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(argv[i]);
        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
    }

    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

/*
 * Find the named class.
 */
jclass AndroidRuntime::findClass(JNIEnv* env, const char* className)
{
    char* convName = NULL;

    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
        LOGE("ERROR: exception pending on entry to findClass()\n");
        return NULL;
    }

    /*
     * JNI FindClass uses class names with slashes, but ClassLoader.loadClass
     * uses the dotted "binary name" format.  We don't need to convert the
     * name with the new approach.
     */
#if 0
    /* (convName only created if necessary -- use className) */
    for (char* cp = const_cast<char*>(className); *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
        if (*cp == '.') {
            if (convName == NULL) {
                convName = strdup(className);
                cp = convName + (cp-className);
                className = convName;
            }
            *cp = '/';
        }
    }
#endif

    /*
     * This is a little awkward because the JNI FindClass call uses the
     * class loader associated with the native method we're executing in.
     * Because this native method is part of a "boot" class, JNI doesn't
     * look for the class in CLASSPATH, which unfortunately is a likely
     * location for it.  (Had we issued the FindClass call before calling
     * into the VM -- at which point there isn't a native method frame on
     * the stack -- the VM would have checked CLASSPATH.  We have to do
     * this because we call into Java Programming Language code and
     * bounce back out.)
     *
     * JNI lacks a "find class in a specific class loader" operation, so we
     * have to do things the hard way.
     */
    jclass cls = NULL;
    //cls = env->FindClass(className);

    jclass javaLangClassLoader;
    jmethodID getSystemClassLoader, loadClass;
    jobject systemClassLoader;
    jstring strClassName;

    /* find the "system" class loader; none of this is expected to fail */
    javaLangClassLoader = env->FindClass("java/lang/ClassLoader");
    assert(javaLangClassLoader != NULL);
    getSystemClassLoader = env->GetStaticMethodID(javaLangClassLoader,
        "getSystemClassLoader", "()Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
    loadClass = env->GetMethodID(javaLangClassLoader,
        "loadClass", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;");
    assert(getSystemClassLoader != NULL && loadClass != NULL);
    systemClassLoader = env->CallStaticObjectMethod(javaLangClassLoader,
        getSystemClassLoader);
    assert(systemClassLoader != NULL);

    /* create an object for the class name string; alloc could fail */
    strClassName = env->NewStringUTF(className);
    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
        LOGE("ERROR: unable to convert '%s' to string\n", className);
        goto bail;
    }
    LOGV("system class loader is %p, loading %p (%s)\n",
        systemClassLoader, strClassName, className);

    /* try to find the named class */
    cls = (jclass) env->CallObjectMethod(systemClassLoader, loadClass,
                        strClassName);
    if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
        LOGE("ERROR: unable to load class '%s' from %p\n",
            className, systemClassLoader);
        cls = NULL;
        goto bail;
    }

bail:
    free(convName);
    return cls;
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
 */
static void runtime_exit(int code)
{
    gCurRuntime->onExit(code);
    exit(code);
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
 *
 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
 */
static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
{
    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
}


/**
 * Add VM arguments to the to-be-executed VM
 * Stops at first non '-' argument (also stops at an argument of '--')
 * Returns the number of args consumed
 */
int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
    int i;
    
    for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) {
        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            return i;
        }
        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
            return i+1;
        }

        JavaVMOption opt;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i];
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }
    return i;
}

static int hasDir(const char* dir)
{
    struct stat s;
    int res = stat(dir, &s);
    if (res == 0) {
        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * We just want failed write() calls to just return with an error.
 */
static void blockSigpipe()
{
    sigset_t mask;

    sigemptyset(&mask);
    sigaddset(&mask, SIGPIPE);
    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) != 0)
        LOGW("WARNING: SIGPIPE not blocked\n");
}

/*
 * Read the persistent locale.
 */
static void readLocale(char* language, char* region)
{
    char propLang[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX], propRegn[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

    property_get("persist.sys.language", propLang, "");
    property_get("persist.sys.country", propRegn, "");
    if (*propLang == 0 && *propRegn == 0) {
        /* Set to ro properties, default is en_US */
        property_get("ro.product.locale.language", propLang, "en");
        property_get("ro.product.locale.region", propRegn, "US");
    }
    strncat(language, propLang, 2);
    strncat(region, propRegn, 2);
    //LOGD("language=%s region=%s\n", language, region);
}

/*
 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
 *
 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
 *
 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
 */
void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf)
{
    JavaVMOption opt;
    char* start;
    char* end;

    memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
    start = extraOptsBuf;
    while (*start != '\0') {
        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
            start++;
        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
            break;

        end = start+1;
        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
            end++;
        if (*end == ' ')
            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */

        opt.optionString = start;
        mOptions.add(opt);
        start = end;
    }
}

/*
 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
 *
 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    int result = -1;
    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
    JavaVMOption opt;
    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char stackTraceFileBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dexoptFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char enableAssertBuf[sizeof("-ea:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char* stackTraceFile = NULL;
    bool checkJni = false;
    bool checkDexSum = false;
    bool logStdio = false;
    enum {
      kEMDefault,
      kEMIntPortable,
      kEMIntFast,
#if defined(WITH_JIT)
      kEMJitCompiler,
#endif
    } executionMode = kEMDefault;


    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        checkJni = true;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
            checkJni = true;
        }
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
#if defined(WITH_JIT)
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
#endif
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "");

    property_get("dalvik.vm.check-dex-sum", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        checkDexSum = true;
    }

    property_get("log.redirect-stdio", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        logStdio = true;
    }

    strcpy(enableAssertBuf, "-ea:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.enableassertions", enableAssertBuf+4, "");

    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf+10, "");

    /* route exit() to our handler */
    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_exit;
    opt.optionString = "exit";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_vfprintf;
    opt.optionString = "vfprintf";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    opt.extraInfo = NULL;

    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:jni";
    opt.optionString = "-verbose:gc";
    mOptions.add(opt);
    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:class";

    strcpy(heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx");
    property_get("persist.sys.vm.heapsize", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "") == 0) {
        property_get("dalvik.vm.heapsize", propBuf, "16m");
    }
    strcpy(heapsizeOptsBuf+4, propBuf);
    LOGI("Heap size: %s", heapsizeOptsBuf);
    opt.optionString = heapsizeOptsBuf;
    mOptions.add(opt);

    /*
     * Enable or disable dexopt features, such as bytecode verification and
     * calculation of register maps for precise GC.
     */
    property_get("dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags", dexoptFlagsBuf, "");
    if (dexoptFlagsBuf[0] != '\0') {
        const char* opc;
        const char* val;

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "v=");     /* verification */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            switch (*(opc+2)) {
            case 'n':   val = "-Xverify:none";      break;
            case 'r':   val = "-Xverify:remote";    break;
            case 'a':   val = "-Xverify:all";       break;
            default:    val = NULL;                 break;
            }

            if (val != NULL) {
                opt.optionString = val;
                mOptions.add(opt);
            }
        }

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "o=");     /* optimization */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            switch (*(opc+2)) {
            case 'n':   val = "-Xdexopt:none";      break;
            case 'v':   val = "-Xdexopt:verified";  break;
            case 'a':   val = "-Xdexopt:all";       break;
            default:    val = NULL;                 break;
            }

            if (val != NULL) {
                opt.optionString = val;
                mOptions.add(opt);
            }
        }

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "m=y");    /* register map */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            opt.optionString = "-Xgenregmap";
            mOptions.add(opt);

            /* turn on precise GC while we're at it */
            opt.optionString = "-Xgc:precise";
            mOptions.add(opt);
        }
    }

    /* enable debugging; set suspend=y to pause during VM init */
#ifdef HAVE_ANDROID_OS
    /* use android ADB transport */
    opt.optionString =
        "-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y";
#else
    /* use TCP socket; address=0 means start at port 8000 and probe up */
    LOGI("Using TCP socket for JDWP\n");
    opt.optionString =
        "-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,suspend=n,server=y,address=0";
#endif
    mOptions.add(opt);

    char enableDPBuf[sizeof("-Xdeadlockpredict:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.deadlock-predict", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(enableDPBuf, "-Xdeadlockpredict:");
        strcat(enableDPBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = enableDPBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    LOGD("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
    if (checkJni) {
        /* extended JNI checking */
        opt.optionString = "-Xcheck:jni";
        mOptions.add(opt);

        /* set a cap on JNI global references */
        opt.optionString = "-Xjnigreflimit:2000";
        mOptions.add(opt);

        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
        //opt.optionString = "-verbose:jni";
        //mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:") + sizeof(propBuf)];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
      strcpy(lockProfThresholdBuf, "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
      strcat(lockProfThresholdBuf, propBuf);
      opt.optionString = lockProfThresholdBuf;
      mOptions.add(opt);
    }

#if defined(WITH_JIT)
    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected opcodes. Eg "1-0a,3c,f1-ff" */
    char jitOpBuf[sizeof("-Xjitop:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.op", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(jitOpBuf, "-Xjitop:");
        strcat(jitOpBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = jitOpBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected methods */
    char jitMethodBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmethod:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.method", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(jitMethodBuf, "-Xjitmethod:");
        strcat(jitMethodBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = jitMethodBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }
#endif

    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:portable";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:fast";
        mOptions.add(opt);
#if defined(WITH_JIT)
    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:jit";
        mOptions.add(opt);
#endif
    }

    if (checkDexSum) {
        /* perform additional DEX checksum tests */
        opt.optionString = "-Xcheckdexsum";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (logStdio) {
        /* convert stdout/stderr to log messages */
        opt.optionString = "-Xlog-stdio";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (enableAssertBuf[4] != '\0') {
        /* accept "all" to mean "all classes and packages" */
        if (strcmp(enableAssertBuf+4, "all") == 0)
            enableAssertBuf[3] = '\0';
        LOGI("Assertions enabled: '%s'\n", enableAssertBuf);
        opt.optionString = enableAssertBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    } else {
        LOGV("Assertions disabled\n");
    }

    if (jniOptsBuf[10] != '\0') {
        LOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
        opt.optionString = jniOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (stackTraceFileBuf[0] != '\0') {
        static const char* stfOptName = "-Xstacktracefile:";

        stackTraceFile = (char*) malloc(strlen(stfOptName) +
            strlen(stackTraceFileBuf) +1);
        strcpy(stackTraceFile, stfOptName);
        strcat(stackTraceFile, stackTraceFileBuf);
        opt.optionString = stackTraceFile;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf);

    /* Set the properties for locale */
    {
        char langOption[sizeof("-Duser.language=") + 3];
        char regionOption[sizeof("-Duser.region=") + 3];
        strcpy(langOption, "-Duser.language=");
        strcpy(regionOption, "-Duser.region=");
        readLocale(langOption, regionOption);
        opt.extraInfo = NULL;
        opt.optionString = langOption;
        mOptions.add(opt);
        opt.optionString = regionOption;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /*
     * We don't have /tmp on the device, but we often have an SD card.  Apps
     * shouldn't use this, but some test suites might want to exercise it.
     */
    opt.optionString = "-Djava.io.tmpdir=/sdcard";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

    /*
     * Initialize the VM.
     *
     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
     * JNI calls.
     */
    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
        LOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    result = 0;

bail:
    free(stackTraceFile);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
 * named by "className".
 */
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const bool startSystemServer)
{
    LOGD("\n>>>>>> AndroidRuntime START %s <<<<<<\n",
            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)");

    char* slashClassName = NULL;
    char* cp;
    JNIEnv* env;

    blockSigpipe();

    /* 
     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obslete and not run from 
     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
     */
    if (startSystemServer) {
        /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
        const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
        LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START, 
                       ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
    }

    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (rootDir == NULL) {
        rootDir = "/system";
        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
            goto bail;
        }
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
    }

    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
    //LOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);

    /* start the virtual machine */
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0)
        goto bail;

    /*
     * Register android functions.
     */
    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        LOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
     * At present we only have one argument, the class name.  Create an
     * array to hold it.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;
    jstring classNameStr;
    jstring startSystemServerStr;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    assert(stringClass != NULL);
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(2, stringClass, NULL);
    assert(strArray != NULL);
    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
    startSystemServerStr = env->NewStringUTF(startSystemServer ? 
                                                 "true" : "false");
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 1, startSystemServerStr);

    /*
     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
     * not return until the VM exits.
     */
    jclass startClass;
    jmethodID startMeth;

    slashClassName = strdup(className);
    for (cp = slashClassName; *cp != '\0'; cp++)
        if (*cp == '.')
            *cp = '/';

    startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
        LOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
        /* keep going */
    } else {
        startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            LOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

#if 0
            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
        }
    }

    LOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
        LOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
        LOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");

bail:
    free(slashClassName);
}

void AndroidRuntime::start()
{
    start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit",
        false /* Don't start the system server */);
}

void AndroidRuntime::onExit(int code)
{
    LOGV("AndroidRuntime onExit calling exit(%d)", code);
    exit(code);
}

/*
 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
 *
 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
 */
/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
        return NULL;
    return env;
}

/*
 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
 *
 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
 */
static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    args.name = (char*) threadName;
    args.group = NULL;

    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        LOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);

    return result;
}

/*
 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
 */
static int javaDetachThread(void)
{
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        LOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
    return result;
}

/*
 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
 * Note that this function calls free(args)
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
    free(args);
    JNIEnv* env;
    int result;

    /* hook us into the VM */
    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
        return -1;

    /* start the thread running */
    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);

    /* unhook us */
    javaDetachThread();
    free(name);

    return result;
}

/*
 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
 *
 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction, 
                                void* userData,
                                const char* threadName,
                                int32_t threadPriority,
                                size_t threadStackSize,
                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
{
    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
    int result;

    assert(threadName != NULL);

    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
    args[1] = userData;
    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free

    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
 *
 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
 */
/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
{
    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
    return threadId;
}

#if 0
static void quickTest(void* arg)
{
    const char* str = (const char*) arg;

    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
}
#endif

#ifdef NDEBUG
    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
    struct RegJNIRec {
        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
    };
#else
    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
    struct RegJNIRec {
        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
        const char* mName;
    };
#endif

typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();

static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
            LOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
#endif
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void register_jam_procs(const RegJAMProc array[], size_t count)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        array[i]();
    }
}

static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
    REG_JNI(register_android_debug_JNITest),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_FloatMath),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_format_Time),
    REG_JNI(register_android_pim_EventRecurrence),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_security_Md5MessageDigest),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_KeyCharacterMap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Display),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PixelFormat),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ViewRoot),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),

    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_graphics_NativeUtils),

    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteCompiledSql),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDatabase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteProgram),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteQuery),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteStatement),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileUtils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_ParcelFileDescriptor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Power),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_StatFs),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_wifi_WifiManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nfc_NdefMessage),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nfc_NdefRecord),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),

    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_HeadsetBase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothAudioGateway),
    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_BluetoothSocket),
    REG_JNI(register_android_bluetooth_ScoSocket),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothService),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothEventLoop),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_BluetoothA2dpService),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_Watchdog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_message_digest_sha1),
    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
    
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),

    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),
};

/*
 * Register android native functions with the VM.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
    /*
     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
     * Attach calls.)
     */
    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);

    LOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");

    /*
     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
     */
    env->PushLocalFrame(200);

    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
        return -1;
    }
    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);

    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");

    return 0;
}

AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
{
    return gCurRuntime;
}

/**
 * Used by WithFramework to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_com_android_internal_util_WithFramework_registerNatives(
        JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

/**
 * Used by LoadClass to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_LoadClass_registerNatives(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

}   // namespace android
namespace android {

/*
 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
 * namespace android.
 */
extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
extern int register_android_graphics_PorterDuff(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Rasterizer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Xfermode(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_GLES20DisplayList(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_GLES20Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_HardwareRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_debug_JNITest(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_text_format_Time(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_wifi_WifiNative(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_server_Watchdog(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);

static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;

static void doThrow(JNIEnv* env, const char* exc, const char* msg = NULL)
{
    if (jniThrowException(env, exc, msg) != 0)
        assert(false);
}

/*
 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
 */
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
{
    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
}

/*
 * JNI registration.
 */
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    {   "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit
    },
    {   "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit
    },
    {   "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup
    },
};

int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
                                    gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;


AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime() :
    mExitWithoutCleanup(false)
{
    SkGraphics::Init();
    // this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode
    // in case the src is opaque and 24bit
    SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config);
    // This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable"
    // bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java
    // heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key
    // java call site.
    SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024);
    // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
    // see SkFontHost_android.cpp

    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
    mOptions.setCapacity(20);

    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
    gCurRuntime = this;
}

AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
{
    SkGraphics::Term();
}

/*
 * Register native methods using JNI.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
        const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
}

status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const char* className,
                                  jclass clazz, int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    jmethodID methodId;

    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className);

    env = getJNIEnv();
    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    if (methodId == NULL) {
        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
     * Create an array and populate it.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(argc, stringClass, NULL);

    for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(argv[i]);
        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
    }

    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
 */
static void runtime_exit(int code)
{
    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
 *
 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
 */
static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
{
    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
}

/**
 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
 *
 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
 * into us)
 */
static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
}


/**
 * Add VM arguments to the to-be-executed VM
 * Stops at first non '-' argument (also stops at an argument of '--')
 * Returns the number of args consumed
 */
int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[])
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) {
        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            return i;
        }
        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
            return i+1;
        }

        JavaVMOption opt;
        memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
        opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i];
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }
    return i;
}

static int hasDir(const char* dir)
{
    struct stat s;
    int res = stat(dir, &s);
    if (res == 0) {
        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Read the persistent locale.
 */
static void readLocale(char* language, char* region)
{
    char propLang[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX], propRegn[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

    property_get("persist.sys.language", propLang, "");
    property_get("persist.sys.country", propRegn, "");
    if (*propLang == 0 && *propRegn == 0) {
        /* Set to ro properties, default is en_US */
        property_get("ro.product.locale.language", propLang, "en");
        property_get("ro.product.locale.region", propRegn, "US");
    }
    strncat(language, propLang, 2);
    strncat(region, propRegn, 2);
    //ALOGD("language=%s region=%s\n", language, region);
}

/*
 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
 *
 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
 *
 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
 */
void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf)
{
    JavaVMOption opt;
    char* start;
    char* end;

    memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
    start = extraOptsBuf;
    while (*start != '\0') {
        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
            start++;
        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
            break;

        end = start+1;
        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
            end++;
        if (*end == ' ')
            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */

        opt.optionString = start;
        mOptions.add(opt);
        start = end;
    }
}

/*
 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
 *
 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    int result = -1;
    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
    JavaVMOption opt;
    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char stackTraceFileBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dexoptFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char enableAssertBuf[sizeof("-ea:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char jitcodecachesizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjitcodecachesize:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char* stackTraceFile = NULL;
    bool checkJni = false;
    bool checkDexSum = false;
    bool logStdio = false;
    enum {
        kEMDefault,
        kEMIntPortable,
        kEMIntFast,
        kEMJitCompiler,
    } executionMode = kEMDefault;


    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        checkJni = true;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
            checkJni = true;
        }
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "");

    property_get("dalvik.vm.check-dex-sum", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        checkDexSum = true;
    }

    property_get("log.redirect-stdio", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        logStdio = true;
    }

    strcpy(enableAssertBuf, "-ea:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.enableassertions", enableAssertBuf+4, "");

    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf+10, "");

    /* route exit() to our handler */
    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_exit;
    opt.optionString = "exit";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_vfprintf;
    opt.optionString = "vfprintf";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
    opt.extraInfo = (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread;
    opt.optionString = "sensitiveThread";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    opt.extraInfo = NULL;

    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:jni";
    opt.optionString = "-verbose:gc";
    mOptions.add(opt);
    //options[curOpt++].optionString = "-verbose:class";

    /*
     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
     * values should be specified in a product property override.
     */
    strcpy(heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf+4, "4m");
    opt.optionString = heapstartsizeOptsBuf;
    mOptions.add(opt);
    strcpy(heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf+4, "16m");
    opt.optionString = heapsizeOptsBuf;
    mOptions.add(opt);

    // Increase the main thread's interpreter stack size for bug 6315322.
    opt.optionString = "-XX:mainThreadStackSize=24K";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    // Set the max jit code cache size.  Note: size of 0 will disable the JIT.
    strcpy(jitcodecachesizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitcodecachesize:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.codecachesize", jitcodecachesizeOptsBuf+19,  NULL);
    if (jitcodecachesizeOptsBuf[19] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = jitcodecachesizeOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    strcpy(heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf+20, "");
    if (heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[20] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    strcpy(heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf+16, "");
    if (heapminfreeOptsBuf[16] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = heapminfreeOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    strcpy(heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf+16, "");
    if (heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[16] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = heapmaxfreeOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    strcpy(heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization", heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf+26, "");
    if (heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[26] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        opt.optionString = "-XX:LowMemoryMode";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    strcpy(gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf+5, "");
    if (gctypeOptsBuf[5] != '\0') {
        opt.optionString = gctypeOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /*
     * Enable or disable dexopt features, such as bytecode verification and
     * calculation of register maps for precise GC.
     */
    property_get("dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags", dexoptFlagsBuf, "");
    if (dexoptFlagsBuf[0] != '\0') {
        const char* opc;
        const char* val;

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "v=");     /* verification */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            switch (*(opc+2)) {
            case 'n':
                val = "-Xverify:none";
                break;
            case 'r':
                val = "-Xverify:remote";
                break;
            case 'a':
                val = "-Xverify:all";
                break;
            default:
                val = NULL;
                break;
            }

            if (val != NULL) {
                opt.optionString = val;
                mOptions.add(opt);
            }
        }

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "o=");     /* optimization */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            switch (*(opc+2)) {
            case 'n':
                val = "-Xdexopt:none";
                break;
            case 'v':
                val = "-Xdexopt:verified";
                break;
            case 'a':
                val = "-Xdexopt:all";
                break;
            case 'f':
                val = "-Xdexopt:full";
                break;
            default:
                val = NULL;
                break;
            }

            if (val != NULL) {
                opt.optionString = val;
                mOptions.add(opt);
            }
        }

        opc = strstr(dexoptFlagsBuf, "m=y");    /* register map */
        if (opc != NULL) {
            opt.optionString = "-Xgenregmap";
            mOptions.add(opt);

            /* turn on precise GC while we're at it */
            opt.optionString = "-Xgc:precise";
            mOptions.add(opt);
        }
    }

    /* enable debugging; set suspend=y to pause during VM init */
    /* use android ADB transport */
    opt.optionString =
        "-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y";
    mOptions.add(opt);

    ALOGD("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
    if (checkJni) {
        /* extended JNI checking */
        opt.optionString = "-Xcheck:jni";
        mOptions.add(opt);

        /* set a cap on JNI global references */
        opt.optionString = "-Xjnigreflimit:2000";
        mOptions.add(opt);

        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
        //opt.optionString = "-verbose:jni";
        //mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:") + sizeof(propBuf)];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(lockProfThresholdBuf, "-Xlockprofthreshold:");
        strcat(lockProfThresholdBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = lockProfThresholdBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected opcodes. Eg "1-0a,3c,f1-ff" */
    char jitOpBuf[sizeof("-Xjitop:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.op", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(jitOpBuf, "-Xjitop:");
        strcat(jitOpBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = jitOpBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /* Force interpreter-only mode for selected methods */
    char jitMethodBuf[sizeof("-Xjitmethod:") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    property_get("dalvik.vm.jit.method", propBuf, "");
    if (strlen(propBuf) > 0) {
        strcpy(jitMethodBuf, "-Xjitmethod:");
        strcat(jitMethodBuf, propBuf);
        opt.optionString = jitMethodBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:portable";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:fast";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
        opt.optionString = "-Xint:jit";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (checkDexSum) {
        /* perform additional DEX checksum tests */
        opt.optionString = "-Xcheckdexsum";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (logStdio) {
        /* convert stdout/stderr to log messages */
        opt.optionString = "-Xlog-stdio";
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (enableAssertBuf[4] != '\0') {
        /* accept "all" to mean "all classes and packages" */
        if (strcmp(enableAssertBuf+4, "all") == 0)
            enableAssertBuf[3] = '\0';
        ALOGI("Assertions enabled: '%s'\n", enableAssertBuf);
        opt.optionString = enableAssertBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    } else {
        ALOGV("Assertions disabled\n");
    }

    if (jniOptsBuf[10] != '\0') {
        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
        opt.optionString = jniOptsBuf;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    if (stackTraceFileBuf[0] != '\0') {
        static const char* stfOptName = "-Xstacktracefile:";

        stackTraceFile = (char*) malloc(strlen(stfOptName) +
                                        strlen(stackTraceFileBuf) +1);
        strcpy(stackTraceFile, stfOptName);
        strcat(stackTraceFile, stackTraceFileBuf);
        opt.optionString = stackTraceFile;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf);

    /* Set the properties for locale */
    {
        char langOption[sizeof("-Duser.language=") + 3];
        char regionOption[sizeof("-Duser.region=") + 3];
        strcpy(langOption, "-Duser.language=");
        strcpy(regionOption, "-Duser.region=");
        readLocale(langOption, regionOption);
        opt.extraInfo = NULL;
        opt.optionString = langOption;
        mOptions.add(opt);
        opt.optionString = regionOption;
        mOptions.add(opt);
    }

    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

    /*
     * Initialize the VM.
     *
     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
     * JNI calls.
     */
    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    result = 0;

bail:
    free(stackTraceFile);
    return result;
}

char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
{
    char* result = strdup(className);
    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
        if (*cp == '.') {
            *cp = '/';
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/*
 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
 * named by "className".
 *
 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
 * options string.
 */
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const char* options)
{
    ALOGD("\n>>>>>> AndroidRuntime START %s <<<<<<\n",
          className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)");

    /*
     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
     */
    if (strcmp(options, "start-system-server") == 0) {
        /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
        const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
        LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,
                       ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
    }

    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (rootDir == NULL) {
        rootDir = "/system";
        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
            return;
        }
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
    }

    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);

    /* start the virtual machine */
    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
    JNIEnv* env;
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) {
        return;
    }
    onVmCreated(env);

    /*
     * Register android functions.
     */
    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        return;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
     * Create an array to hold them.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;
    jstring classNameStr;
    jstring optionsStr;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    assert(stringClass != NULL);
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(2, stringClass, NULL);
    assert(strArray != NULL);
    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);
    optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options);
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 1, optionsStr);

    /*
     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
     * not return until the VM exits.
     */
    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
        /* keep going */
    } else {
        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
                              "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

#if 0
            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
        }
    }
    free(slashClassName);

    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
}

void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
{
    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
        ::_exit(code);
    } else {
        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
        onExit(code);
        ::exit(code);
    }
}

void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
{
    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
}

/*
 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
 *
 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
 */
/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
        return NULL;
    return env;
}

/*
 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
 *
 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
 */
static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    args.name = (char*) threadName;
    args.group = NULL;

    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);

    return result;
}

/*
 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
 */
static int javaDetachThread(void)
{
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
    return result;
}

/*
 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
 * Note that this function calls free(args)
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
    free(args);
    JNIEnv* env;
    int result;

    /* hook us into the VM */
    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
        return -1;

    /* start the thread running */
    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);

    /* unhook us */
    javaDetachThread();
    free(name);

    return result;
}

/*
 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
 *
 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
    android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
    void* userData,
    const char* threadName,
    int32_t threadPriority,
    size_t threadStackSize,
    android_thread_id_t* threadId)
{
    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
    int result;

    assert(threadName != NULL);

    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
    args[1] = userData;
    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free

    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
                                       threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
 *
 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
 */
/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
        void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
{
    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
                        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
    return threadId;
}

#if 0
static void quickTest(void* arg)
{
    const char* str = (const char*) arg;

    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
}
#endif

#ifdef NDEBUG
#define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
struct RegJNIRec {
    int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
};
#else
#define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
struct RegJNIRec {
    int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
    const char* mName;
};
#endif

typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();

static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
#endif
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void register_jam_procs(const RegJAMProc array[], size_t count)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        array[i]();
    }
}

static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
    REG_JNI(register_android_debug_JNITest),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_FloatMath),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_format_Time),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GraphicBuffer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20DisplayList),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareRenderer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),

    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),

    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_wifi_WifiNative),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),

    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_Watchdog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),

    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),

    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
};

/*
 * Register android native functions with the VM.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
    /*
     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
     * Attach calls.)
     */
    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);

    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");

    /*
     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
     */
    env->PushLocalFrame(200);

    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
        return -1;
    }
    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);

    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");

    return 0;
}

AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
{
    return gCurRuntime;
}

/**
 * Used by WithFramework to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_com_android_internal_util_WithFramework_registerNatives(
    JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

/**
 * Used by LoadClass to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_LoadClass_registerNatives(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

}   // namespace android
namespace android {

/*
 * JNI-based registration functions.  Note these are properly contained in
 * namespace android.
 */
extern int register_android_content_AssetManager(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_EventLog(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_util_Log(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_StringBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_XmlBlock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_ColorFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_DrawFilter(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_FontFamily(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer(JNIEnv*);
extern int register_android_graphics_Matrix(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Paint(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Path(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_PathMeasure(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Picture(JNIEnv*);
extern int register_android_graphics_PorterDuff(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Rasterizer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Region(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_Xfermode(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_RenderNode(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_GraphicBuffer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_GLES20Canvas(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_HardwareLayer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_Surface(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_SurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_SurfaceSession(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_TextureView(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_database_CursorWindow(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteConnection(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_database_SQLiteDebug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_nio_utils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Debug(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MessageQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Parcel(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_SELinux(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemProperties(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_SystemClock(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_Trace(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_FileObserver(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_os_UEventObserver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_os_MemoryFile(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidCharacter(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_StaticLayout(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_text_AndroidBidi(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_opengl_classes(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataInput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_backup_FullBackup(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_ActivityThread(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_app_NativeActivity(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_media_RemoteDisplay(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_InputChannel(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputDevice(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputEventReceiver(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputEventSender(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_InputQueue(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_android_view_KeyEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_MotionEvent(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_PointerIcon(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_view_VelocityTracker(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_ObbScanner(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_content_res_Configuration(JNIEnv* env);
extern int register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv *env);
extern int register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr(JNIEnv *env);

static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;

/*
 * Code written in the Java Programming Language calls here from main().
 */
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onStarted();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}

static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(JNIEnv* env,
        jobject clazz, jboolean exitWithoutCleanup)
{
    gCurRuntime->setExitWithoutCleanup(exitWithoutCleanup);
}

/*
 * JNI registration.
 */
static JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
    { "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
    { "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit },
    { "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
        (void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
};

int register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit(JNIEnv* env)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit",
        gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

/*static*/ JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;

AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength) :
        mExitWithoutCleanup(false),
        mArgBlockStart(argBlockStart),
        mArgBlockLength(argBlockLength)
{
    SkGraphics::Init();
    // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
    // see SkFontHost_android.cpp

    // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
    mOptions.setCapacity(20);

    assert(gCurRuntime == NULL);        // one per process
    gCurRuntime = this;
}

AndroidRuntime::~AndroidRuntime()
{
    SkGraphics::Term();
}

/*
 * Register native methods using JNI.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
    const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods)
{
    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, className, gMethods, numMethods);
}

void AndroidRuntime::setArgv0(const char* argv0) {
    memset(mArgBlockStart, 0, mArgBlockLength);
    strlcpy(mArgBlockStart, argv0, mArgBlockLength);
}

status_t AndroidRuntime::callMain(const String8& className, jclass clazz,
    const Vector<String8>& args)
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    jmethodID methodId;

    ALOGD("Calling main entry %s", className.string());

    env = getJNIEnv();
    if (clazz == NULL || env == NULL) {
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
    if (methodId == NULL) {
        ALOGE("ERROR: could not find method %s.main(String[])\n", className.string());
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with our arguments in it.
     * Create an array and populate it.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;

    const size_t numArgs = args.size();
    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(numArgs, stringClass, NULL);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < numArgs; i++) {
        jstring argStr = env->NewStringUTF(args[i].string());
        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i, argStr);
    }

    env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId, strArray);
    return NO_ERROR;
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "exit" hook.
 */
static void runtime_exit(int code)
{
    gCurRuntime->exit(code);
}

/*
 * The VM calls this through the "vfprintf" hook.
 *
 * We ignore "fp" and just write the results to the log file.
 */
static void runtime_vfprintf(FILE* fp, const char* format, va_list ap)
{
    LOG_PRI_VA(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "vm-printf", format, ap);
}

/**
 * The VM calls this when mutex contention debugging is enabled to
 * determine whether or not the blocked thread was a "sensitive thread"
 * for user responsiveness/smoothess.
 *
 * Our policy for this is whether or not we're tracing any StrictMode
 * events on this thread (which we might've inherited via Binder calls
 * into us)
 */
static bool runtime_isSensitiveThread() {
    IPCThreadState* state = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
    return state && state->getStrictModePolicy() != 0;
}

static int hasDir(const char* dir)
{
    struct stat s;
    int res = stat(dir, &s);
    if (res == 0) {
        return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode);
    }
    return 0;
}

static bool hasFile(const char* file) {
    struct stat s;
    int res = stat(file, &s);
    if (res == 0) {
        return S_ISREG(s.st_mode);
    }
    return false;
}

/*
 * Read the persistent locale.
 */
static void readLocale(char* language, char* region)
{
    char propLang[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX], propRegn[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

    property_get("persist.sys.language", propLang, "");
    property_get("persist.sys.country", propRegn, "");
    if (*propLang == 0 && *propRegn == 0) {
        /* Set to ro properties, default is en_US */
        property_get("ro.product.locale.language", propLang, "en");
        property_get("ro.product.locale.region", propRegn, "US");
    }
    strncat(language, propLang, 3);
    strncat(region, propRegn, 3);
    //ALOGD("language=%s region=%s\n", language, region);
}

void AndroidRuntime::addOption(const char* optionString, void* extraInfo)
{
    JavaVMOption opt;
    opt.optionString = optionString;
    opt.extraInfo = extraInfo;
    mOptions.add(opt);
}

/*
 * Parse a property containing space-separated options that should be
 * passed directly to the VM, e.g. "-Xmx32m -verbose:gc -Xregenmap".
 *
 * This will cut up "extraOptsBuf" as we chop it into individual options.
 *
 * If "quotingArg" is non-null, it is passed before each extra option in mOptions.
 *
 * Adds the strings, if any, to mOptions.
 */
void AndroidRuntime::parseExtraOpts(char* extraOptsBuf, const char* quotingArg)
{
    char* start = extraOptsBuf;
    char* end = NULL;
    while (*start != '\0') {
        while (*start == ' ')                   /* skip leading whitespace */
            start++;
        if (*start == '\0')                     /* was trailing ws, bail */
            break;

        end = start+1;
        while (*end != ' ' && *end != '\0')     /* find end of token */
            end++;
        if (*end == ' ')
            *end++ = '\0';          /* mark end, advance to indicate more */

        if (quotingArg != NULL) {
            addOption(quotingArg);
        }
        addOption(start);
        start = end;
    }
}

/*
 * Reads a "property" into "buffer" with a default of "defaultArg". If
 * the property is non-empty, it is treated as a runtime option such
 * as "-Xmx32m".
 *
 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
 *
 * If an argument is found, it is added to mOptions.
 *
 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
 */
bool AndroidRuntime::parseRuntimeOption(const char* property,
                                        char* buffer,
                                        const char* runtimeArg,
                                        const char* defaultArg)
{
    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, defaultArg);
    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
        return false;
    }
    addOption(buffer);
    return true;
}

/*
 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler option that should be
 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option --compiler-filter=verify-none".
 *
 * The "compilerArg" is a prefix for the option such as "--compiler-filter=".
 *
 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
 *
 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
 */
bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerOption(const char* property,
                                         char* buffer,
                                         const char* compilerArg,
                                         const char* quotingArg)
{
    strcpy(buffer, compilerArg);
    size_t compilerArgLen = strlen(compilerArg);
    property_get(property, buffer+compilerArgLen, "");
    if (buffer[compilerArgLen] == '\0') {
        return false;
    }
    addOption(quotingArg);
    addOption(buffer);
    return true;
}

/*
 * Reads a "property" into "buffer". If the property is non-empty, it
 * is treated as a dex2oat compiler runtime option that should be
 * passed as a quoted option, e.g. "-Ximage-compiler-option
 * --runtime-arg -Ximage-compiler-option -Xmx32m".
 *
 * The "runtimeArg" is a prefix for the option such as "-Xms" or "-Xmx".
 *
 * The "quotingArg" should be "-Ximage-compiler-option" or "-Xcompiler-option".
 *
 * If an option is found, it is added to mOptions and true is
 * returned. Otherwise false is returned.
 */
bool AndroidRuntime::parseCompilerRuntimeOption(const char* property,
                                                char* buffer,
                                                const char* runtimeArg,
                                                const char* quotingArg)
{
    strcpy(buffer, runtimeArg);
    size_t runtimeArgLen = strlen(runtimeArg);
    property_get(property, buffer+runtimeArgLen, "");
    if (buffer[runtimeArgLen] == '\0') {
        return false;
    }
    addOption(quotingArg);
    addOption("--runtime-arg");
    addOption(quotingArg);
    addOption(buffer);
    return true;
}

/*
 * Start the Dalvik Virtual Machine.
 *
 * Various arguments, most determined by system properties, are passed in.
 * The "mOptions" vector is updated.
 *
 * CAUTION: when adding options in here, be careful not to put the
 * char buffer inside a nested scope.  Adding the buffer to the
 * options using mOptions.add() does not copy the buffer, so if the
 * buffer goes out of scope the option may be overwritten.  It's best
 * to put the buffer at the top of the function so that it is more
 * unlikely that someone will surround it in a scope at a later time
 * and thus introduce a bug.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success.
 */
int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    int result = -1;
    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapstartsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapsizeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapminfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMinFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heapmaxfreeOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapMaxFree=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char gctypeOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xgc:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char backgroundgcOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:BackgroundGC=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf[sizeof("-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xms")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf[sizeof("-Xmx")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf[sizeof("--compiler-filter=")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char dex2oatImageFlagsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char extraOptsBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char voldDecryptBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    enum {
      kEMDefault,
      kEMIntPortable,
      kEMIntFast,
      kEMJitCompiler,
    } executionMode = kEMDefault;
    char profilePeriod[sizeof("-Xprofile-period:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileDuration[sizeof("-Xprofile-duration:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileInterval[sizeof("-Xprofile-interval:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileBackoff[sizeof("-Xprofile-backoff:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileTopKThreshold[sizeof("-Xprofile-top-k-threshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileTopKChangeThreshold[sizeof("-Xprofile-top-k-change-threshold:")-1 +
                                    PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileType[sizeof("-Xprofile-type:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char profileMaxStackDepth[sizeof("-Xprofile-max-stack-depth:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char langOption[sizeof("-Duser.language=") + 3];
    char regionOption[sizeof("-Duser.region=") + 3];
    char lockProfThresholdBuf[sizeof("-Xlockprofthreshold:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char nativeBridgeLibrary[sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

    bool checkJni = false;
    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
        checkJni = true;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "false") != 0) {
        /* property is neither true nor false; fall back on kernel parameter */
        property_get("ro.kernel.android.checkjni", propBuf, "");
        if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
            checkJni = true;
        }
    }
    ALOGD("CheckJNI is %s\n", checkJni ? "ON" : "OFF");
    if (checkJni) {
        /* extended JNI checking */
        addOption("-Xcheck:jni");

        /* with -Xcheck:jni, this provides a JNI function call trace */
        //addOption("-verbose:jni");
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.execution-mode", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:portable") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntPortable;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:fast") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMIntFast;
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "int:jit") == 0) {
        executionMode = kEMJitCompiler;
    }

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", stackTraceFileBuf, "-Xstacktracefile:");

    strcpy(jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:");
    if (parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jniopts", jniOptsBuf, "-Xjniopts:")) {
        ALOGI("JNI options: '%s'\n", jniOptsBuf);
    }

    /* route exit() to our handler */
    addOption("exit", (void*) runtime_exit);

    /* route fprintf() to our handler */
    addOption("vfprintf", (void*) runtime_vfprintf);

    /* register the framework-specific "is sensitive thread" hook */
    addOption("sensitiveThread", (void*) runtime_isSensitiveThread);

    /* enable verbose; standard options are { jni, gc, class } */
    //addOption("-verbose:jni");
    addOption("-verbose:gc");
    //addOption("-verbose:class");

    /*
     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
     * values should be specified in a product property override.
     */
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");

    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
    }

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");

    /* enable debugging; set suspend=y to pause during VM init */
    /* use android ADB transport */
    addOption("-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_android_adb,suspend=n,server=y");

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.lockprof.threshold",
                       lockProfThresholdBuf,
                       "-Xlockprofthreshold:");

    if (executionMode == kEMIntPortable) {
        addOption("-Xint:portable");
    } else if (executionMode == kEMIntFast) {
        addOption("-Xint:fast");
    } else if (executionMode == kEMJitCompiler) {
        addOption("-Xint:jit");
    }

    // If we are booting without the real /data, don't spend time compiling.
    property_get("vold.decrypt", voldDecryptBuf, "");
    bool skip_compilation = ((strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "trigger_restart_min_framework") == 0) ||
                             (strcmp(voldDecryptBuf, "1") == 0));

    // Extra options for boot.art/boot.oat image generation.
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsImageFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xms", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxImageFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xmx", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
    if (skip_compilation) {
        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
        addOption("--compiler-filter=verify-none");
    } else {
        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-filter", dex2oatImageCompilerFilterBuf,
                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Ximage-compiler-option");
    }

    // Make sure there is a preloaded-classes file.
    if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
        ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
              strerror(errno));
        goto bail;
    }
    addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
    addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");

    // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
    if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
        addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");

    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
    if (skip_compilation) {
        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
        addOption("--compiler-filter=verify-none");

        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
        // directly instead.
        addOption("--runtime-arg");
        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
    } else {
        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
    }
    property_get("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-flags", dex2oatFlagsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatFlagsBuf, "-Xcompiler-option");

    /* extra options; parse this late so it overrides others */
    property_get("dalvik.vm.extra-opts", extraOptsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(extraOptsBuf, NULL);

    /* Set the properties for locale */
    {
        strcpy(langOption, "-Duser.language=");
        strcpy(regionOption, "-Duser.region=");
        readLocale(langOption, regionOption);
        addOption(langOption);
        addOption(regionOption);
    }

    /*
     * Set profiler options
     */
    // Whether or not the profiler should be enabled.
    property_get("dalvik.vm.profiler", propBuf, "0");
    if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
        addOption("-Xenable-profiler");
    }

    // Whether the profile should start upon app startup or be delayed by some random offset
    // (in seconds) that is bound between 0 and a fixed value.
    property_get("dalvik.vm.profile.start-immed", propBuf, "0");
    if (propBuf[0] == '1') {
        addOption("-Xprofile-start-immediately");
    }

    // Number of seconds during profile runs.
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.period-secs", profilePeriod, "-Xprofile-period:");

    // Length of each profile run (seconds).
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.duration-secs",
                       profileDuration,
                       "-Xprofile-duration:");

    // Polling interval during profile run (microseconds).
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.interval-us", profileInterval, "-Xprofile-interval:");

    // Coefficient for period backoff.  The the period is multiplied
    // by this value after each profile run.
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.backoff-coeff", profileBackoff, "-Xprofile-backoff:");

    // Top K% of samples that are considered relevant when
    // deciding if the app should be recompiled.
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.top-k-thr",
                       profileTopKThreshold,
                       "-Xprofile-top-k-threshold:");

    // The threshold after which a change in the structure of the
    // top K% profiled samples becomes significant and triggers
    // recompilation. A change in profile is considered
    // significant if X% (top-k-change-threshold) of the top K%
    // (top-k-threshold property) samples has changed.
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.top-k-ch-thr",
                       profileTopKChangeThreshold,
                       "-Xprofile-top-k-change-threshold:");

    // Type of profile data.
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profiler.type", profileType, "-Xprofile-type:");

    // Depth of bounded stack data
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.profile.stack-depth",
                       profileMaxStackDepth,
                       "-Xprofile-max-stack-depth:");

    // Native bridge library. "0" means that native bridge is disabled.
    property_get("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge", propBuf, "");
    if (propBuf[0] == '\0') {
        ALOGW("ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge is not expected to be empty");
    } else if (strcmp(propBuf, "0") != 0) {
        snprintf(nativeBridgeLibrary, sizeof("-XX:NativeBridge=") + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
                 "-XX:NativeBridge=%s", propBuf);
        addOption(nativeBridgeLibrary);
    }

    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

    /*
     * Initialize the VM.
     *
     * The JavaVM* is essentially per-process, and the JNIEnv* is per-thread.
     * If this call succeeds, the VM is ready, and we can start issuing
     * JNI calls.
     */
    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    result = 0;

bail:
    return result;
}

char* AndroidRuntime::toSlashClassName(const char* className)
{
    char* result = strdup(className);
    for (char* cp = result; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
        if (*cp == '.') {
            *cp = '/';
        }
    }
    return result;
}

/** Create a Java string from an ASCII or Latin-1 string */
jstring AndroidRuntime::NewStringLatin1(JNIEnv* env, const char* bytes) {
    if (!bytes) return NULL;
    int length = strlen(bytes);
    jchar* buffer = (jchar *)alloca(length * sizeof(jchar));
    if (!buffer) return NULL;
    jchar* chp = buffer;
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        *chp++ = *bytes++;
    }
    return env->NewString(buffer, length);
}


/*
 * Start the Android runtime.  This involves starting the virtual machine
 * and calling the "static void main(String[] args)" method in the class
 * named by "className".
 *
 * Passes the main function two arguments, the class name and the specified
 * options string.
 */
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options)
{
    ALOGD("\n>>>>>> AndroidRuntime START %s <<<<<<\n",
            className != NULL ? className : "(unknown)");

    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");

    /*
     * 'startSystemServer == true' means runtime is obsolete and not run from
     * init.rc anymore, so we print out the boot start event here.
     */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
           /* track our progress through the boot sequence */
           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
        }
    }

    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (rootDir == NULL) {
        rootDir = "/system";
        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
            return;
        }
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
    }

    //const char* kernelHack = getenv("LD_ASSUME_KERNEL");
    //ALOGD("Found LD_ASSUME_KERNEL='%s'\n", kernelHack);

    /* start the virtual machine */
    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
    JNIEnv* env;
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) {
        return;
    }
    onVmCreated(env);

    /*
     * Register android functions.
     */
    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        return;
    }

    /*
     * We want to call main() with a String array with arguments in it.
     * At present we have two arguments, the class name and an option string.
     * Create an array to hold them.
     */
    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;
    jstring classNameStr;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    assert(stringClass != NULL);
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
    assert(strArray != NULL);
    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
    }

    /*
     * Start VM.  This thread becomes the main thread of the VM, and will
     * not return until the VM exits.
     */
    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
        /* keep going */
    } else {
        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

#if 0
            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
        }
    }
    free(slashClassName);

    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
}

void AndroidRuntime::exit(int code)
{
    if (mExitWithoutCleanup) {
        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d, cleanup skipped.", code);
        ::_exit(code);
    } else {
        ALOGI("VM exiting with result code %d.", code);
        onExit(code);
        ::exit(code);
    }
}

void AndroidRuntime::onVmCreated(JNIEnv* env)
{
    // If AndroidRuntime had anything to do here, we'd have done it in 'start'.
}

/*
 * Get the JNIEnv pointer for this thread.
 *
 * Returns NULL if the slot wasn't allocated or populated.
 */
/*static*/ JNIEnv* AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv()
{
    JNIEnv* env;
    JavaVM* vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    if (vm->GetEnv((void**) &env, JNI_VERSION_1_4) != JNI_OK)
        return NULL;
    return env;
}

/*
 * Makes the current thread visible to the VM.
 *
 * The JNIEnv pointer returned is only valid for the current thread, and
 * thus must be tucked into thread-local storage.
 */
static int javaAttachThread(const char* threadName, JNIEnv** pEnv)
{
    JavaVMAttachArgs args;
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    args.name = (char*) threadName;
    args.group = NULL;

    result = vm->AttachCurrentThread(pEnv, (void*) &args);
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        ALOGI("NOTE: attach of thread '%s' failed\n", threadName);

    return result;
}

/*
 * Detach the current thread from the set visible to the VM.
 */
static int javaDetachThread(void)
{
    JavaVM* vm;
    jint result;

    vm = AndroidRuntime::getJavaVM();
    assert(vm != NULL);

    result = vm->DetachCurrentThread();
    if (result != JNI_OK)
        ALOGE("ERROR: thread detach failed\n");
    return result;
}

/*
 * When starting a native thread that will be visible from the VM, we
 * bounce through this to get the right attach/detach action.
 * Note that this function calls free(args)
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void* args) {
    void* start = ((void**)args)[0];
    void* userData = ((void **)args)[1];
    char* name = (char*) ((void **)args)[2];        // we own this storage
    free(args);
    JNIEnv* env;
    int result;

    /* hook us into the VM */
    if (javaAttachThread(name, &env) != JNI_OK)
        return -1;

    /* start the thread running */
    result = (*(android_thread_func_t)start)(userData);

    /* unhook us */
    javaDetachThread();
    free(name);

    return result;
}

/*
 * This is invoked from androidCreateThreadEtc() via the callback
 * set with androidSetCreateThreadFunc().
 *
 * We need to create the new thread in such a way that it gets hooked
 * into the VM before it really starts executing.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(
                                android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
                                void* userData,
                                const char* threadName,
                                int32_t threadPriority,
                                size_t threadStackSize,
                                android_thread_id_t* threadId)
{
    void** args = (void**) malloc(3 * sizeof(void*));   // javaThreadShell must free
    int result;

    if (!threadName)
        threadName = "unnamed thread";

    args[0] = (void*) entryFunction;
    args[1] = userData;
    args[2] = (void*) strdup(threadName);   // javaThreadShell must free

    result = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell, args,
        threadName, threadPriority, threadStackSize, threadId);
    return result;
}

/*
 * Create a thread that is visible from the VM.
 *
 * This is called from elsewhere in the library.
 */
/*static*/ android_thread_id_t AndroidRuntime::createJavaThread(const char* name,
    void (*start)(void *), void* arg)
{
    android_thread_id_t threadId = 0;
    javaCreateThreadEtc((android_thread_func_t) start, arg, name,
        ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0, &threadId);
    return threadId;
}

#if 0
static void quickTest(void* arg)
{
    const char* str = (const char*) arg;

    printf("In quickTest: %s\n", str);
}
#endif

#ifdef NDEBUG
    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name }
    struct RegJNIRec {
        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
    };
#else
    #define REG_JNI(name)      { name, #name }
    struct RegJNIRec {
        int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
        const char* mName;
    };
#endif

typedef void (*RegJAMProc)();

static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
            ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
#endif
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_emoji_EmojiFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GraphicBuffer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GLES20Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),

    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),

    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),

    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),

    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),

    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),
};

/*
 * Register android native functions with the VM.
 */
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
    /*
     * This hook causes all future threads created in this process to be
     * attached to the JavaVM.  (This needs to go away in favor of JNI
     * Attach calls.)
     */
    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);

    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");

    /*
     * Every "register" function calls one or more things that return
     * a local reference (e.g. FindClass).  Because we haven't really
     * started the VM yet, they're all getting stored in the base frame
     * and never released.  Use Push/Pop to manage the storage.
     */
    env->PushLocalFrame(200);

    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
        return -1;
    }
    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);

    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");

    return 0;
}

AndroidRuntime* AndroidRuntime::getRuntime()
{
    return gCurRuntime;
}

/**
 * Used by WithFramework to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_com_android_internal_util_WithFramework_registerNatives(
        JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

/**
 * Used by LoadClass to register native functions.
 */
extern "C"
jint Java_LoadClass_registerNatives(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) {
    return register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env);
}

}   // namespace android