/*
* Wait while spinning on a contended spinlock.
*/
void
perform_spin_delay(SpinDelayStatus *status)
{
/* CPU-specific delay each time through the loop */
SPIN_DELAY();
/* Block the process every spins_per_delay tries */
if (++(status->spins) >= spins_per_delay)
{
if (++(status->delays) > NUM_DELAYS)
s_lock_stuck(status->file, status->line, status->func);
if (status->cur_delay == 0) /* first time to delay? */
status->cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_USEC;
pg_usleep(status->cur_delay);
#if defined(S_LOCK_TEST)
fprintf(stdout, "*");
fflush(stdout);
#endif
/* increase delay by a random fraction between 1X and 2X */
status->cur_delay += (int) (status->cur_delay *
((double) random() / (double) MAX_RANDOM_VALUE) + 0.5);
/* wrap back to minimum delay when max is exceeded */
if (status->cur_delay > MAX_DELAY_USEC)
status->cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_USEC;
status->spins = 0;
}
}
/*
* s_lock(lock) - platform-independent portion of waiting for a spinlock.
*/
void
s_lock(volatile slock_t *lock, const char *file, int line TSRMLS_DC)
{
/*
* We loop tightly for awhile, then delay using pg_usleep() and try again.
* Preferably, "awhile" should be a small multiple of the maximum time we
* expect a spinlock to be held. 100 iterations seems about right as an
* initial guess. However, on a uniprocessor the loop is a waste of
* cycles, while in a multi-CPU scenario it's usually better to spin a bit
* longer than to call the kernel, so we try to adapt the spin loop count
* depending on whether we seem to be in a uniprocessor or multiprocessor.
*
* Note: you might think MIN_SPINS_PER_DELAY should be just 1, but you'd
* be wrong; there are platforms where that can result in a "stuck
* spinlock" failure. This has been seen particularly on Alphas; it seems
* that the first TAS after returning from kernel space will always fail
* on that hardware.
*
* Once we do decide to block, we use randomly increasing pg_usleep()
* delays. The first delay is 1 msec, then the delay randomly increases to
* about one second, after which we reset to 1 msec and start again. The
* idea here is that in the presence of heavy contention we need to
* increase the delay, else the spinlock holder may never get to run and
* release the lock. (Consider situation where spinlock holder has been
* nice'd down in priority by the scheduler --- it will not get scheduled
* until all would-be acquirers are sleeping, so if we always use a 1-msec
* sleep, there is a real possibility of starvation.) But we can't just
* clamp the delay to an upper bound, else it would take a long time to
* make a reasonable number of tries.
*
* We time out and declare error after NUM_DELAYS delays (thus, exactly
* that many tries). With the given settings, this will usually take 2 or
* so minutes. It seems better to fix the total number of tries (and thus
* the probability of unintended failure) than to fix the total time
* spent.
*
* The pg_usleep() delays are measured in milliseconds because 1 msec is a
* common resolution limit at the OS level for newer platforms. On older
* platforms the resolution limit is usually 10 msec, in which case the
* total delay before timeout will be a bit more.
*/
#define MIN_SPINS_PER_DELAY 10
#define MAX_SPINS_PER_DELAY 1000
#define NUM_DELAYS 1000
#define MIN_DELAY_MSEC 1
#define MAX_DELAY_MSEC 1000
int spins = 0;
int delays = 0;
int cur_delay = 0;
while (TAS(lock))
{
/* CPU-specific delay each time through the loop */
SPIN_DELAY();
/* Block the process every spins_per_delay tries */
if (++spins >= spins_per_delay)
{
if (++delays > NUM_DELAYS)
s_lock_stuck(lock, file, line TSRMLS_CC);
if (cur_delay == 0) /* first time to delay? */
cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_MSEC;
pg_usleep(cur_delay * 1000L);
#if defined(S_LOCK_TEST)
fprintf(stdout, "*");
fflush(stdout);
#endif
/* increase delay by a random fraction between 1X and 2X */
cur_delay += (int) (cur_delay *
((double) rand() / (double) MAX_RANDOM_VALUE) + 0.5);
/* wrap back to minimum delay when max is exceeded */
if (cur_delay > MAX_DELAY_MSEC)
cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_MSEC;
spins = 0;
}
}
/*
* If we were able to acquire the lock without delaying, it's a good
* indication we are in a multiprocessor. If we had to delay, it's a sign
* (but not a sure thing) that we are in a uniprocessor. Hence, we
* decrement spins_per_delay slowly when we had to delay, and increase it
* rapidly when we didn't. It's expected that spins_per_delay will
* converge to the minimum value on a uniprocessor and to the maximum
* value on a multiprocessor.
*
* Note: spins_per_delay is local within our current process. We want to
* average these observations across multiple backends, since it's
* relatively rare for this function to even get entered, and so a single
* backend might not live long enough to converge on a good value. That
* is handled by the two routines below.
*/
if (cur_delay == 0)
{
/* we never had to delay */
if (spins_per_delay < MAX_SPINS_PER_DELAY)
spins_per_delay = Min(spins_per_delay + 100, MAX_SPINS_PER_DELAY);
}
else
{
if (spins_per_delay > MIN_SPINS_PER_DELAY)
spins_per_delay = Max(spins_per_delay - 1, MIN_SPINS_PER_DELAY);
}
}
