/*
FormFunction - Evaluates the function and corresponding gradient.
Input Parameters:
tao - the Tao context
X - the input vector
ptr - optional user-defined context, as set by TaoSetObjectiveAndGradientRoutine()
Output Parameters:
f - the newly evaluated function
*/
PetscErrorCode FormFunction(Tao tao,Vec P,PetscReal *f,void *ctx0)
{
TS ts;
SNES snes_alg;
PetscErrorCode ierr;
Userctx *ctx = (Userctx*)ctx0;
Vec X;
Mat J;
/* sensitivity context */
PetscScalar *x_ptr;
PetscViewer Xview,Ybusview;
Vec F_alg;
Vec Xdot;
PetscInt row_loc,col_loc;
PetscScalar val;
ierr = VecGetArray(P,&x_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
PG[0] = x_ptr[0];
PG[1] = x_ptr[1];
PG[2] = x_ptr[2];
ierr = VecRestoreArray(P,&x_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->stepnum = 0;
ierr = VecZeroEntries(ctx->vec_q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Read initial voltage vector and Ybus */
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"X.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Ybus.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ctx->V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetSizes(ctx->V0,PETSC_DECIDE,ctx->neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecLoad(ctx->V0,Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ctx->Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(ctx->Ybus,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,ctx->neqs_net,ctx->neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetType(ctx->Ybus,MATBAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* ierr = MatSetBlockSize(ctx->Ybus,2);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
ierr = MatLoad(ctx->Ybus,Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(ctx->dmpgrid,&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(J,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,ctx->neqs_pgrid,ctx->neqs_pgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetFromOptions(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PreallocateJacobian(J,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Create timestepping solver context
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetProblemType(ts,TS_NONLINEAR);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetType(ts,TSCN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts,NULL,(TSIFunction) IFunction,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIJacobian(ts,J,J,(TSIJacobian)IJacobian,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetApplicationContext(ts,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSMonitorSet(ts,MonitorUpdateQ,ctx,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Set initial conditions
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = SetInitialGuess(X,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFunction(snes_alg,F_alg,AlgFunction,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetJacobian(snes_alg,J,J,AlgJacobian,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetOptionsPrefix(snes_alg,"alg_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Just to set up the Jacobian structure */
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = IJacobian(ts,0.0,X,Xdot,0.0,J,J,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->stepnum++;
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,ctx->tfaulton);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,0.0,0.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* ierr = TSSetPostStep(ts,SaveSolution);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
/* Prefault period */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create the nonlinear solver for solving the algebraic system */
/* Note that although the algebraic system needs to be solved only for
Idq and V, we reuse the entire system including xgen. The xgen
variables are held constant by setting their residuals to 0 and
putting a 1 on the Jacobian diagonal for xgen rows
*/
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Apply disturbance - resistive fault at ctx->faultbus */
/* This is done by adding shunt conductance to the diagonal location
in the Ybus matrix */
row_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus; col_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus+1; /* Location for G */
val = 1/ctx->Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(ctx->Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus; /* Location for G */
val = 1/ctx->Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(ctx->Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(ctx->Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(ctx->Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->stepnum++;
/* Disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,ctx->tfaultoff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,ctx->tfaulton,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Remove the fault */
row_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus; col_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus+1;
val = -1/ctx->Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(ctx->Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*ctx->faultbus;
val = -1/ctx->Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(ctx->Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(ctx->Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(ctx->Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->stepnum++;
/* Post-disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,ctx->tmax);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,ctx->tfaultoff,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ctx->alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecGetArray(ctx->vec_q,&x_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
*f = x_ptr[0];
ierr = VecRestoreArray(ctx->vec_q,&x_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&ctx->V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESDestroy(&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSDestroy(&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
TS ts;
SNES snes_alg;
PetscErrorCode ierr;
PetscMPIInt size;
Userctx user;
PetscViewer Xview,Ybusview;
Vec X;
Mat J;
PetscInt i;
ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc,&argv,"petscoptions",help);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MPI_Comm_size(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
if (size > 1) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"Only for sequential runs");
user.neqs_gen = 9*ngen; /* # eqs. for generator subsystem */
user.neqs_net = 2*nbus; /* # eqs. for network subsystem */
user.neqs_pgrid = user.neqs_gen + user.neqs_net;
/* Create indices for differential and algebraic equations */
PetscInt *idx2;
ierr = PetscMalloc1(7*ngen,&idx2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
for (i=0; i<ngen; i++) {
idx2[7*i] = 9*i; idx2[7*i+1] = 9*i+1; idx2[7*i+2] = 9*i+2; idx2[7*i+3] = 9*i+3;
idx2[7*i+4] = 9*i+6; idx2[7*i+5] = 9*i+7; idx2[7*i+6] = 9*i+8;
}
ierr = ISCreateGeneral(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,7*ngen,idx2,PETSC_COPY_VALUES,&user.is_diff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISComplement(user.is_diff,0,user.neqs_pgrid,&user.is_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscFree(idx2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Read initial voltage vector and Ybus */
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"X.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Ybus.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetSizes(user.V0,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecLoad(user.V0,Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(user.Ybus,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_net,user.neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetType(user.Ybus,MATBAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* ierr = MatSetBlockSize(user.Ybus,2);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
ierr = MatLoad(user.Ybus,Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Set run time options */
ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,NULL,"Transient stability fault options","");CHKERRQ(ierr);
{
user.tfaulton = 1.0;
user.tfaultoff = 1.2;
user.Rfault = 0.0001;
user.faultbus = 8;
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tfaulton","","",user.tfaulton,&user.tfaulton,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tfaultoff","","",user.tfaultoff,&user.tfaultoff,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-faultbus","","",user.faultbus,&user.faultbus,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.t0 = 0.0;
user.tmax = 5.0;
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-t0","","",user.t0,&user.t0,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tmax","","",user.tmax,&user.tmax,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
}
ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create DMs for generator and network subsystems */
ierr = DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,user.neqs_gen,1,1,NULL,&user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmgen,"dmgen_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,user.neqs_net,1,1,NULL,&user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmnet,"dmnet_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create a composite DM packer and add the two DMs */
ierr = DMCompositeCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.dmpgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmpgrid,"pgrid_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCompositeAddDM(user.dmpgrid,user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCompositeAddDM(user.dmpgrid,user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(user.dmpgrid,&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(J,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_pgrid,user.neqs_pgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetFromOptions(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PreallocateJacobian(J,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create matrix to save solutions at each time step */
user.stepnum = 0;
ierr = MatCreateSeqDense(PETSC_COMM_SELF,user.neqs_pgrid+1,1002,NULL,&user.Sol);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Create timestepping solver context
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetProblemType(ts,TS_NONLINEAR);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetEquationType(ts,TS_EQ_DAE_IMPLICIT_INDEX1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(ts,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts,NULL,(TSIFunction) IFunction,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIJacobian(ts,J,J,(TSIJacobian)IJacobian,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetApplicationContext(ts,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Set initial conditions
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = SetInitialGuess(X,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Just to set up the Jacobian structure */
Vec Xdot;
MatStructure flg;
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = IJacobian(ts,0.0,X,Xdot,0.0,J,J,&flg,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Save initial solution */
PetscScalar *x,*mat;
PetscInt idx=user.stepnum*(user.neqs_pgrid+1);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
mat[idx] = 0.0;
ierr = PetscMemcpy(mat+idx+1,x,user.neqs_pgrid*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.stepnum++;
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tfaulton);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,0.0,0.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetPostStep(ts,SaveSolution);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
/* Prefault period */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create the nonlinear solver for solving the algebraic system */
/* Note that although the algebraic system needs to be solved only for
Idq and V, we reuse the entire system including xgen. The xgen
variables are held constant by setting their residuals to 0 and
putting a 1 on the Jacobian diagonal for xgen rows
*/
Vec F_alg;
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFunction(snes_alg,F_alg,AlgFunction,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetJacobian(snes_alg,J,J,AlgJacobian,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetOptionsPrefix(snes_alg,"alg_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Apply disturbance - resistive fault at user.faultbus */
/* This is done by adding shunt conductance to the diagonal location
in the Ybus matrix */
PetscInt row_loc,col_loc;
PetscScalar val;
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; /* Location for G */
val = 1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus; /* Location for G */
val = 1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Save fault-on solution */
idx = user.stepnum*(user.neqs_pgrid+1);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
mat[idx] = user.tfaulton;
ierr = PetscMemcpy(mat+idx+1,x,user.neqs_pgrid*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.stepnum++;
/* Disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tfaultoff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,user.tfaulton,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Remove the fault */
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1;
val = -1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus;
val = -1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Save tfault off solution */
idx = user.stepnum*(user.neqs_pgrid+1);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
mat[idx] = user.tfaultoff;
ierr = PetscMemcpy(mat+idx+1,x,user.neqs_pgrid*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.stepnum++;
/* Post-disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tmax);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,user.tfaultoff,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(user.Sol,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(user.Sol,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
Mat A;
PetscScalar *amat;
ierr = MatCreateSeqDense(PETSC_COMM_SELF,user.neqs_pgrid+1,user.stepnum,NULL,&A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(A,&amat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscMemcpy(amat,mat,(user.stepnum*(user.neqs_pgrid+1))*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(A,&amat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(user.Sol,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
PetscViewer viewer;
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"out.bin",FILE_MODE_WRITE,&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatView(A,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESDestroy(&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&user.Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&user.Sol);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&user.V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmpgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISDestroy(&user.is_diff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISDestroy(&user.is_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSDestroy(&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscFinalize();
return(0);
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
TS ts;
SNES snes_alg;
PetscErrorCode ierr;
PetscMPIInt size;
Userctx user;
PetscViewer Xview,Ybusview;
Vec X;
Mat J;
PetscInt i;
/* sensitivity context */
PetscScalar *y_ptr;
Vec lambda[1];
PetscInt *idx2;
Vec Xdot;
Vec F_alg;
PetscInt row_loc,col_loc;
PetscScalar val;
ierr = PetscInitialize(&argc,&argv,"petscoptions",help);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MPI_Comm_size(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
if (size > 1) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"Only for sequential runs");
user.neqs_gen = 9*ngen; /* # eqs. for generator subsystem */
user.neqs_net = 2*nbus; /* # eqs. for network subsystem */
user.neqs_pgrid = user.neqs_gen + user.neqs_net;
/* Create indices for differential and algebraic equations */
ierr = PetscMalloc1(7*ngen,&idx2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
for (i=0; i<ngen; i++) {
idx2[7*i] = 9*i; idx2[7*i+1] = 9*i+1; idx2[7*i+2] = 9*i+2; idx2[7*i+3] = 9*i+3;
idx2[7*i+4] = 9*i+6; idx2[7*i+5] = 9*i+7; idx2[7*i+6] = 9*i+8;
}
ierr = ISCreateGeneral(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,7*ngen,idx2,PETSC_COPY_VALUES,&user.is_diff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISComplement(user.is_diff,0,user.neqs_pgrid,&user.is_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscFree(idx2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Read initial voltage vector and Ybus */
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"X.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"Ybus.bin",FILE_MODE_READ,&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecSetSizes(user.V0,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecLoad(user.V0,Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(user.Ybus,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_net,user.neqs_net);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetType(user.Ybus,MATBAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* ierr = MatSetBlockSize(user.Ybus,2);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
ierr = MatLoad(user.Ybus,Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Set run time options */
ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,NULL,"Transient stability fault options","");CHKERRQ(ierr);
{
user.tfaulton = 1.0;
user.tfaultoff = 1.2;
user.Rfault = 0.0001;
user.faultbus = 8;
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tfaulton","","",user.tfaulton,&user.tfaulton,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tfaultoff","","",user.tfaultoff,&user.tfaultoff,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-faultbus","","",user.faultbus,&user.faultbus,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.t0 = 0.0;
user.tmax = 5.0;
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-t0","","",user.t0,&user.t0,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-tmax","","",user.tmax,&user.tmax,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
}
ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Xview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&Ybusview);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create DMs for generator and network subsystems */
ierr = DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,user.neqs_gen,1,1,NULL,&user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmgen,"dmgen_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,DM_BOUNDARY_NONE,user.neqs_net,1,1,NULL,&user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmnet,"dmnet_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create a composite DM packer and add the two DMs */
ierr = DMCompositeCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&user.dmpgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMSetOptionsPrefix(user.dmpgrid,"pgrid_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCompositeAddDM(user.dmpgrid,user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCompositeAddDM(user.dmpgrid,user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(user.dmpgrid,&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(J,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,user.neqs_pgrid,user.neqs_pgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetFromOptions(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PreallocateJacobian(J,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Create timestepping solver context
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetProblemType(ts,TS_NONLINEAR);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetType(ts,TSCN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts,NULL,(TSIFunction) IFunction,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIJacobian(ts,J,J,(TSIJacobian)IJacobian,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetApplicationContext(ts,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Set initial conditions
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = SetInitialGuess(X,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Just to set up the Jacobian structure */
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = IJacobian(ts,0.0,X,Xdot,0.0,J,J,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/*
Save trajectory of solution so that TSAdjointSolve() may be used
*/
ierr = TSSetSaveTrajectory(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tfaulton);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetExactFinalTime(ts,TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,0.0,0.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
/* Prefault period */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Create the nonlinear solver for solving the algebraic system */
/* Note that although the algebraic system needs to be solved only for
Idq and V, we reuse the entire system including xgen. The xgen
variables are held constant by setting their residuals to 0 and
putting a 1 on the Jacobian diagonal for xgen rows
*/
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFunction(snes_alg,F_alg,AlgFunction,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetJacobian(snes_alg,J,J,AlgJacobian,&user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetOptionsPrefix(snes_alg,"alg_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Apply disturbance - resistive fault at user.faultbus */
/* This is done by adding shunt conductance to the diagonal location
in the Ybus matrix */
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; /* Location for G */
val = 1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus; /* Location for G */
val = 1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tfaultoff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetExactFinalTime(ts,TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,user.tfaulton,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Remove the fault */
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1;
val = -1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
row_loc = 2*user.faultbus+1; col_loc = 2*user.faultbus;
val = -1/user.Rfault;
ierr = MatSetValues(user.Ybus,1,&row_loc,1,&col_loc,&val,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(user.Ybus,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Post-disturbance period */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000,user.tmax);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetExactFinalTime(ts,TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,user.tfaultoff,.01);CHKERRQ(ierr);
user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE;
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Adjoint model starts here
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSSetPostStep(ts,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreateVecs(J,&lambda[0],NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Set initial conditions for the adjoint integration */
ierr = VecZeroEntries(lambda[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecGetArray(lambda[0],&y_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
y_ptr[0] = 1.0;
ierr = VecRestoreArray(lambda[0],&y_ptr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetCostGradients(ts,1,lambda,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSAdjointSolve(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"\n sensitivity wrt initial conditions: \n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecView(lambda[0],PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&lambda[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESDestroy(&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&user.Ybus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&user.V0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmgen);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmnet);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = DMDestroy(&user.dmpgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISDestroy(&user.is_diff);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = ISDestroy(&user.is_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSDestroy(&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscFinalize();
return ierr;
}
PetscErrorCode InitializeData(const PetscScalar* P, void *ctx0, double noise, PetscScalar data_dt)
{
TS ts;
SNES snes_alg;
PetscErrorCode ierr;
Userctx *ctx = (Userctx*)ctx0;
Vec X;
Mat J;
Vec F_alg;
Vec Xdot;
PetscInt i,j,m,n;
PetscReal *mat;
//PetscReal temp;
PetscViewer obsView;
PetscFunctionBegin;
H[0] = P[0];
H[1] = P[1];
H[2] = P[2];
printf("InitializeData: x=[%.14f, %.14f, %.14f], obs_noise=%5.3f Nt = %4.2f, Nobs=%4.2f\n", H[0], H[1], H[2], noise, ((ctx->tfinal-ctx->t0)/ctx->dt)+1, ((ctx->tfinal-ctx->trestore)/ctx->data_dt)+1);
if(ctx->t0 > ctx->tdisturb) {
printf("t0 cannot be greater than tdisturb\n");
PetscFunctionReturn(-1);
}
if( (ctx->tdisturb >= ctx->trestore-1.0e-8) || (ctx->tdisturb >= ctx->tfinal-1.0e-8) ) {
printf("tdisturb should be less than trestore and tfinal\n");
PetscFunctionReturn(-1);
}
//use the reference PD0 from t0 to t_disturb to ensure steady state
for(i=0; i<3; i++) PD0[i] = PD0_ref[i];
ctx->stepnum = 0;
ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(ctx->dmpgrid,&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetSizes(J,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,ctx->neqs_pgrid,ctx->neqs_pgrid);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatSetFromOptions(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PreallocateJacobian(J,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Create timestepping solver context
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetProblemType(ts,TS_NONLINEAR);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetType(ts,TSCN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIFunction(ts,NULL,(TSIFunction) IFunction,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetIJacobian(ts,J,J,(TSIJacobian)IJacobian,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetApplicationContext(ts,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Set initial conditions
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = SetInitialGuess(X,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFunction(snes_alg,F_alg,AlgFunction,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatZeroEntries(J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetJacobian(snes_alg,J,J,AlgJacobian,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetOptionsPrefix(snes_alg,"alg_");CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SetSolution(ctx, ctx->t0, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = SetObservation(ctx, ctx->t0, X); CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Just to set up the Jacobian structure */
ierr = VecDuplicate(X,&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = IJacobian(ts,ctx->t0,X,Xdot,0.0,J,J,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&Xdot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solve from on [t0,tdisturb] (steady state)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,1000000,ctx->tdisturb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,ctx->t0,ctx->dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetFromOptions(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetPostStep(ts,SaveObservation);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Solve (from t0 to tdisturb) */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* set X at tdisturb as IC for the optimization/estimation */
/*ierr = VecDuplicate(X, &ctx->X0_disturb);CHKERRQ(ierr);*/
/*ierr = VecCopy(X, ctx->X0_disturb);CHKERRQ(ierr);*/
/* Continue integrating the DAE only if observations file is not specified */
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solve from on [tdisturb, trestore] (disturbance part of the transient)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/* Induce a load perturbation at t=tdisturb */
for(i=0; i<3; i++) PD0[i] = PD0_disturb[i];
printf("Generate data - initiated a bump in load: new PD0[0]=%g\n", PD0[0]);
printf("Running with: tfinal=%.12f dt=%.12f data_dt=%.12f data_noise=%.12f prior_noise=%.12f load_disturb=%.12f\n",
ctx->tfinal, ctx->dt, ctx->data_dt,
ctx->data_noise, ctx->prior_noise, PD0[0]);
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,100000,fmin(ctx->trestore,ctx->tfinal));CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,ctx->tdisturb,ctx->dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Solve (from tdisturb to trestore) */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* set X at trestore as IC for the optimization/estimation */
ierr = VecDuplicate(X, &ctx->X0_disturb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecCopy(X, ctx->X0_disturb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
if(0==strlen(ctx->loadObsFile)) {
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Solve from on [trestore, tfinal] (post-disturbance transient)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
if(ctx->tfinal>=ctx->trestore+1.0e-8) {
//restore load at trestore
for(i=0; i<3; i++) PD0[i] = PD0_ref[i];
printf("In generate data: Restore load to PD0[0]=%g\n", PD0[0]);
/* Solve the algebraic equations */
ierr = SNESSolve(snes_alg,NULL,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetDuration(ts,100000,ctx->tfinal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSSetInitialTimeStep(ts,ctx->trestore,ctx->dt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* Solve (from trestore to tfinal) */
ierr = TSSolve(ts,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
} else {
printf("Ignoring trestore since tfinal is less than it.\n");
}
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Generate noise at level 'noise' percent
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
ierr = MatGetSize(ctx->obs, &m, &n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
/* allocate std dev for data */
ierr = PetscMalloc(m*sizeof(PetscReal),&ctx->data_stddev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDenseGetArray(ctx->obs,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
ctx->data_stddev[i] = ctx->data_noise;
/* for(i=0; i<m; i++) {
temp = 0.0;
for(j=0; j<n; j++) {
temp += mat[i*n+j]*mat[i*n+j];
}
ctx->data_stddev[i] = ctx->data_noise*sqrt(temp);
}
*/
for(i=0; i<m; i++) {
for(j=0; j<n; j++) {
mat[i*n+j] += ctx->data_stddev[i]*nrand();
}
}
ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(ctx->obs,&mat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
} else {
/* observations are in an external file */
printf("Loading observations from %s.\n", ctx->loadObsFile);
ierr = PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,ctx->loadObsFile,FILE_MODE_READ, &obsView);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatLoad(ctx->obs, obsView);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&obsView);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatGetSize(ctx->obs, &m, &n);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = PetscMalloc(m*sizeof(PetscReal),&ctx->data_stddev);CHKERRQ(ierr);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
ctx->data_stddev[i] = ctx->data_noise;
}
ierr = SNESDestroy(&snes_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&F_alg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = MatDestroy(&J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = VecDestroy(&X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
ierr = TSDestroy(&ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}