void di_read_unlock(struct dentry *d, int flags)
{
	if (d->d_inode) {
		if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IW)) {
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
			ii_write_unlock(d->d_inode);
		} else if (au_ftest_lock(flags, IR)) {
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
			ii_read_unlock(d->d_inode);
		}
	}
	au_rw_read_unlock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem);
}
void di_write_unlock(struct dentry *d)
{
	au_dbg_verify_dinode(d);
	if (d->d_inode)
		ii_write_unlock(d->d_inode);
	au_rw_write_unlock(&au_di(d)->di_rwsem);
}
int au_refresh_dentry(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *parent)
{
	int err, ebrange;
	unsigned int sigen;
	struct au_dinfo *dinfo, *tmp;
	struct super_block *sb;
	struct inode *inode;

	DiMustWriteLock(dentry);
	AuDebugOn(IS_ROOT(dentry));
	AuDebugOn(!parent->d_inode);

	sb = dentry->d_sb;
	inode = dentry->d_inode;
	sigen = au_sigen(sb);
	err = au_digen_test(parent, sigen);
	if (unlikely(err))
		goto out;

	dinfo = au_di(dentry);
	err = au_di_realloc(dinfo, au_sbend(sb) + 1);
	if (unlikely(err))
		goto out;
	ebrange = au_dbrange_test(dentry);
	if (!ebrange)
		ebrange = au_do_refresh_hdentry(dentry, parent);

	if (d_unhashed(dentry) || ebrange) {
		AuDebugOn(au_dbstart(dentry) < 0 && au_dbend(dentry) >= 0);
		if (inode)
			err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
		au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		if (!err)
			goto out_dgen; /* success */
		goto out;
	}

	/* temporary dinfo */
	AuDbgDentry(dentry);
	err = -ENOMEM;
	tmp = au_di_alloc(sb, AuLsc_DI_TMP);
	if (unlikely(!tmp))
		goto out;
	au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
	/* returns the number of positive dentries */
	/*
	 * if current working dir is removed, it returns an error.
	 * but the dentry is legal.
	 */
	err = au_lkup_dentry(dentry, /*bstart*/0, /*type*/0, /*nd*/NULL);
	AuDbgDentry(dentry);
	au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo);
	if (err == -ENOENT)
		err = 0;
	if (err >= 0) {
		/* compare/refresh by dinfo */
		AuDbgDentry(dentry);
		err = au_refresh_by_dinfo(dentry, dinfo, tmp);
		au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		AuTraceErr(err);
	}
	au_rw_write_unlock(&tmp->di_rwsem);
	au_di_free(tmp);
	if (unlikely(err))
		goto out;

out_dgen:
	au_update_digen(dentry);
out:
	if (unlikely(err && !(dentry->d_flags & DCACHE_NFSFS_RENAMED))) {
		AuIOErr("failed refreshing %.*s, %d\n",
			AuDLNPair(dentry), err);
		AuDbgDentry(dentry);
	}
	AuTraceErr(err);
	return err;
}
/*
 * By adding a dirty branch, a cached dentry may be affected in various ways.
 *
 * a dirty branch is added
 * - on the top of layers
 * - in the middle of layers
 * - to the bottom of layers
 *
 * on the added branch there exists
 * - a whiteout
 * - a diropq
 * - a same named entry
 *   + exist
 *     * negative --> positive
 *     * positive --> positive
 *	 - type is unchanged
 *	 - type is changed
 *   + doesn't exist
 *     * negative --> negative
 *     * positive --> negative (rejected by au_br_del() for non-dir case)
 * - none
 */
static int au_refresh_by_dinfo(struct dentry *dentry, struct au_dinfo *dinfo,
			       struct au_dinfo *tmp)
{
	int err;
	aufs_bindex_t bindex, bend;
	struct {
		struct dentry *dentry;
		struct inode *inode;
		mode_t mode;
	} orig_h, tmp_h;
	struct au_hdentry *hd;
	struct inode *inode, *h_inode;
	struct dentry *h_dentry;

	err = 0;
	AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart < 0);
	orig_h.dentry = dinfo->di_hdentry[dinfo->di_bstart].hd_dentry;
	orig_h.inode = orig_h.dentry->d_inode;
	orig_h.mode = 0;
	if (orig_h.inode)
		orig_h.mode = orig_h.inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
	memset(&tmp_h, 0, sizeof(tmp_h));
	if (tmp->di_bstart >= 0) {
		tmp_h.dentry = tmp->di_hdentry[tmp->di_bstart].hd_dentry;
		tmp_h.inode = tmp_h.dentry->d_inode;
		if (tmp_h.inode)
			tmp_h.mode = tmp_h.inode->i_mode & S_IFMT;
	}

	inode = dentry->d_inode;
	if (!orig_h.inode) {
		AuDbg("nagative originally\n");
		if (inode) {
			au_hide(dentry);
			goto out;
		}
		AuDebugOn(inode);
		AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart != dinfo->di_bend);
		AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bdiropq != -1);

		if (!tmp_h.inode) {
			AuDbg("negative --> negative\n");
			/* should have only one negative lower */
			if (tmp->di_bstart >= 0
			    && tmp->di_bstart < dinfo->di_bstart) {
				AuDebugOn(tmp->di_bstart != tmp->di_bend);
				AuDebugOn(dinfo->di_bstart != dinfo->di_bend);
				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, dinfo->di_bstart, NULL);
				au_di_cp(dinfo, tmp);
				hd = tmp->di_hdentry + tmp->di_bstart;
				au_set_h_dptr(dentry, tmp->di_bstart,
					      dget(hd->hd_dentry));
			}
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		} else {
			AuDbg("negative --> positive\n");
			/*
			 * similar to the behaviour of creating with bypassing
			 * aufs.
			 * unhash it in order to force an error in the
			 * succeeding create operation.
			 * we should not set S_DEAD here.
			 */
			d_drop(dentry);
			/* au_di_swap(tmp, dinfo); */
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		}
	} else {
		AuDbg("positive originally\n");
		/* inode may be NULL */
		AuDebugOn(inode && (inode->i_mode & S_IFMT) != orig_h.mode);
		if (!tmp_h.inode) {
			AuDbg("positive --> negative\n");
			/* or bypassing aufs */
			au_hide(dentry);
			if (tmp->di_bwh >= 0 && tmp->di_bwh <= dinfo->di_bstart)
				dinfo->di_bwh = tmp->di_bwh;
			if (inode)
				err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		} else if (orig_h.mode == tmp_h.mode) {
			AuDbg("positive --> positive, same type\n");
			if (!S_ISDIR(orig_h.mode)
			    && dinfo->di_bstart > tmp->di_bstart) {
				/*
				 * similar to the behaviour of removing and
				 * creating.
				 */
				au_hide(dentry);
				if (inode)
					err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
				au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
			} else {
				/* fill empty slots */
				if (dinfo->di_bstart > tmp->di_bstart)
					dinfo->di_bstart = tmp->di_bstart;
				if (dinfo->di_bend < tmp->di_bend)
					dinfo->di_bend = tmp->di_bend;
				dinfo->di_bwh = tmp->di_bwh;
				dinfo->di_bdiropq = tmp->di_bdiropq;
				hd = tmp->di_hdentry;
				bend = dinfo->di_bend;
				for (bindex = tmp->di_bstart; bindex <= bend;
				     bindex++) {
					if (au_h_dptr(dentry, bindex))
						continue;
					h_dentry = hd[bindex].hd_dentry;
					if (!h_dentry)
						continue;
					h_inode = h_dentry->d_inode;
					AuDebugOn(!h_inode);
					AuDebugOn(orig_h.mode
						  != (h_inode->i_mode
						      & S_IFMT));
					au_set_h_dptr(dentry, bindex,
						      dget(h_dentry));
				}
				err = au_refresh_hinode(inode, dentry);
				au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
			}
		} else {
			AuDbg("positive --> positive, different type\n");
			/* similar to the behaviour of removing and creating */
			au_hide(dentry);
			if (inode)
				err = au_refresh_hinode_self(inode);
			au_dbg_verify_dinode(dentry);
		}
	}

out:
	return err;
}