static int    pack_long   (grib_accessor* a, const long* val, size_t *len)
{
	grib_accessor_signed_bits* self = (grib_accessor_signed_bits*)a;
	int ret = 0;
	long off = 0;
	long numberOfBits=0;
	size_t buflen  = 0;
	unsigned char *buf = NULL;
	unsigned long i = 0;
	unsigned long rlen = value_count(a);

	if(*len != rlen) {
		  ret=grib_set_long(a->parent->h,self->numberOfElements,rlen);
	}

	ret=grib_get_long(a->parent->h,self->numberOfBits,&numberOfBits);
	if (ret) return ret;

	buflen = compute_byte_count(a);
	buf = grib_context_malloc_clear(a->parent->h->context,buflen+sizeof(long));

	for(i=0; i < rlen;i++)
		grib_encode_signed_longb(buf, val[i] ,  &off,  numberOfBits);

	grib_buffer_replace(a, buf, buflen,1,1);

	grib_context_free(a->parent->h->context,buf);

	return ret;

}
static int pack_double(grib_accessor* a, const double* val, size_t *len)
{
    grib_accessor_data_2order_packing* self =  (grib_accessor_data_2order_packing*)a;
    grib_handle* gh = grib_handle_of_accessor(a);

    size_t i = 0;
    size_t j = 0;
    size_t n_vals = *len;
    size_t buff_len = 0;
    double divisor = 1;
    long     vcount = 0;
    int      err = 0;
    long     bias = 0;
    double   reference_value;
    long     binary_scale_factor;
    long     bits_per_value;
    /*long     bit_per_val_rectified_for_gribex;*/
    long     decimal_scale_factor;
    long     n1 = 0;
    long     n2 = 0;
    long     p1 = 0;
    long    n_unused_bits = 0;
    long   used_bits = 0;
    long   offsetsection  = 0;
    long   snd_bitmap     = 0;
    long   snd_ordr_wdiff = 0;

    long   matrix_values  = 0;

    long   general_ext       = 0;
    long   boustrophedonic   = 0;
    long   two_ordr_spd      = 0;
    long   plus1_spd         = 0;

    long   octet_start_group = 0;
    long   width_spd_sp_desc = 0;

    unsigned char* buf        = NULL;
    unsigned char* buf_size_of_groups   = NULL;
    unsigned char* buf_width_of_group = NULL;
    unsigned char* buf_refs   = NULL;
    unsigned char* buf_vals   = NULL;

    double d = 0;

    unsigned long*  sec_val    = NULL;
    unsigned long*  group_val  = NULL;

    short  n_sp_diff = 0;
    unsigned char* bitmap=NULL;
    grib_accessor* abitmap=NULL;
    size_t bitmap_len=0;

#if KEEP_OLD == 1

#else
    second_order_packed* sd = NULL;
#endif

    long   bitp = 0;
    long   pointer_of_group_size = 0;
    long   pointer_of_group_width = 0;
    long   refsp = 0;
    long   nap = 0;
    long offsetdata = 0;

    double max;
    double min;
    int extraValues=0;

    size_t nv =0;

    if (*len ==0) return GRIB_NO_VALUES;

    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->offsetsection,&offsetsection)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->offsetdata,&offsetdata)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)
        return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->bits_per_value,&bits_per_value)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->decimal_scale_factor, &decimal_scale_factor))  != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->matrix_values, &matrix_values)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->snd_bitmap, &snd_bitmap)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->snd_ordr_wdiff, &snd_ordr_wdiff)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->general_ext, &general_ext)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->boustrophedonic, &boustrophedonic)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->width_spd_sp_desc, &width_spd_sp_desc)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;
    if((err = grib_get_long_internal(gh,self->nap, &nap)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    if ((abitmap=grib_find_accessor(gh,self->bitmap))!=NULL) {
        bitmap_len=grib_byte_count(abitmap);
        bitmap=(unsigned char*)grib_context_malloc_clear(a->context,sizeof(char)*bitmap_len);
        err=grib_unpack_bytes(abitmap,bitmap,&bitmap_len);
        if (err) {grib_context_free(a->context,bitmap); return err;}
    }

    two_ordr_spd = 1;
    plus1_spd = 0;

    if(bits_per_value == 0)
        return GRIB_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;

    n_sp_diff = two_ordr_spd*2+plus1_spd;
    /*     calculation of integer array   */

    sec_val  = (unsigned long*)grib_context_malloc(a->context,(n_vals)*sizeof(long));
    d = grib_power(decimal_scale_factor,10) ;
    max = val[0];
    min = max;
    for(i=0;i< n_vals;i++)
    {
        if      ( val[i] > max ) max = val[i];
        else if ( val[i] < min ) min = val[i];
    }
    min *= d;
    max *= d;

    /*bit_per_val_rectified_for_gribex = bits_per_value+8-bits_per_value%8;*/
    if (grib_get_nearest_smaller_value(gh,self->reference_value,min,&reference_value)
            !=GRIB_SUCCESS) {
        grib_context_log(a->context,GRIB_LOG_ERROR,
                "unable to find nearest_smaller_value of %g for %s",min,self->reference_value);
        return GRIB_INTERNAL_ERROR;
    }

    /*  the scale factor in Grib 1 is adjusted in gribex, for "normalization purpose" ... ?*/
    binary_scale_factor    = grib_get_binary_scale_fact(max,reference_value,bits_per_value,&err);

    divisor         = grib_power(-binary_scale_factor,2);


    for(i=0;i< n_vals;i++)
        sec_val[i] = (unsigned long)((((val[i]*d)-reference_value)*divisor)+0.5);

    /*  reverse the rows*/
    if(boustrophedonic)
        reverse_rows(sec_val,n_vals,nap,bitmap,bitmap_len);


    if(snd_ordr_wdiff)
        if((err =  spatial_difference(a->context,sec_val, n_vals, n_sp_diff, &bias))){
            grib_context_free(a->context,sec_val);
            return err;
        }



    /*   for(i=0;i < 10;i++)
      printf("packing value [%d] %g %ld     %ld bias %ld <<\n", i, val[i],sec_val[i],binary_scale_factor,bias );
     */
    nv        = n_vals-n_sp_diff;
    group_val = sec_val+n_sp_diff;

#if KEEP_OLD == 1

#else
    sd = grib_get_second_order_groups(a->context, group_val, nv);
#endif

    bitp   = 0;
    p1     = sd->size_of_group_array;

    bitp                         =   (width_spd_sp_desc*(n_sp_diff+1)) ;
    octet_start_group            =   (bitp+7)/8;

    bitp                         =   (p1*sd->nbits_per_widths);
    octet_start_group           +=   (bitp+7)/8;

    bitp                         =   (octet_start_group*8) + (sd->nbits_per_group_size*p1);
    n1                           =   (bitp+7)/8;

    bitp                         =   n1*8 + bits_per_value*p1;
    n2                           =   (bitp+7)/8;

    used_bits = n2*8;

    buff_len     = (n2+sd->packed_byte_count);

    if((a->offset+buff_len)%2) buff_len++;

    buf = NULL;
    buf = (unsigned char*)grib_context_malloc_clear(a->context,buff_len);

    buf_width_of_group    =  buf;
    buf_size_of_groups    =  buf+octet_start_group;
    buf_refs    =  buf+n1;
    buf_vals    =  buf+n2;

    pointer_of_group_size    = 0;
    pointer_of_group_width   = 0;
    refsp  = 0;
    bitp   = 0;

    for(i=0;i < n_sp_diff;i++)
        grib_encode_unsigned_longb(buf_width_of_group,sec_val[i],  &pointer_of_group_width,  width_spd_sp_desc);

    grib_encode_signed_longb(buf_width_of_group, bias, &pointer_of_group_width,  width_spd_sp_desc);

    if(pointer_of_group_width%8)
        pointer_of_group_width = 8+(pointer_of_group_width-(pointer_of_group_width%8));

    vcount    = n_sp_diff;

    for(i = 0;i<p1;i++){
        grib_encode_unsigned_longb(buf_width_of_group,sd->array_of_group_width[i],&pointer_of_group_width,sd->nbits_per_widths);
        grib_encode_unsigned_longb(buf_size_of_groups,sd->array_of_group_size[i], &pointer_of_group_size ,sd->nbits_per_group_size);
        grib_encode_unsigned_longb(buf_refs,  sd->array_of_group_refs[i],  &refsp  , bits_per_value);
        used_bits += sd->array_of_group_size[i]*sd->array_of_group_width[i];
        for(j=0; j < sd->array_of_group_size[i];j++){
            grib_encode_unsigned_longb(buf_vals, sec_val[vcount+j]-sd->array_of_group_refs[i] ,&bitp , sd->array_of_group_width[i]);

            /*    if(vcount+j < 10)
             printf(">>packing value [%ld] %g %ld     %ld nb %ld <<\n", vcount+j, val[vcount+j],sec_val[vcount+j],binary_scale_factor,sd->array_of_group_refs[i] );*/
        }
        vcount+= sd->array_of_group_size[i];
    }
    n_unused_bits = (buff_len*8)-used_bits;

    grib_buffer_replace(a, buf,buff_len,1,1);

    if((buff_len + (offsetdata-offsetsection)) %2) {
        buff_len ++;
        grib_update_size(a,buff_len);
    }

    octet_start_group += 1+ a->offset-offsetsection;
    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->octet_start_group, octet_start_group)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    n1 += 1+a->offset-offsetsection;
    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->n1,n1)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    n2 += 1+a->offset-offsetsection;
    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->n2,n2)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    extraValues=0;
    while (p1 > 65535) {
        p1-=65536;
        extraValues++;
    }

    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->p1,p1)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->extraValues,extraValues)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->p2,n_vals - n_sp_diff)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

    if((err = grib_set_double_internal(gh,self->reference_value,    reference_value)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)return err;

    {
        /* Make sure we can decode it again */
        double ref = 1e-100;
        grib_get_double_internal(gh,self->reference_value,&ref);
        Assert(ref == reference_value);
    }

    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->binary_scale_factor,         binary_scale_factor)) != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;

    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->decimal_scale_factor, decimal_scale_factor))  != GRIB_SUCCESS)  return err;
    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->width_widths,  sd->nbits_per_widths)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;
    if((err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->width_lengths, sd->nbits_per_group_size)) != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;


    err = grib_set_long_internal(gh,self->half_byte, n_unused_bits);
    if(err != GRIB_SUCCESS) return err;

#if KEEP_OLD == 1

#else

    grib_free_second_order_groups(a->context,sd);
#endif
    ;

    grib_context_free(a->context,buf);
    grib_context_free(a->context,sec_val);
    if (bitmap!=NULL) grib_context_free(a->context,bitmap);

    return GRIB_SUCCESS;
}