void expm(gsl_matrix_complex * L, gsl_complex t, gsl_matrix * m)
{
int i,j,s;
gsl_vector_complex *eval = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(4);
gsl_matrix_complex *evec = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(4, 4);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * w = gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_alloc(4);
gsl_matrix_complex *evalmat = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(4, 4);
gsl_matrix_complex *vd = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(4, 4);
gsl_complex one = gsl_complex_rect(1, 0);
gsl_complex zero = gsl_complex_rect(0, 0);
gsl_matrix_complex *K = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(4, 4);
gsl_permutation *p = gsl_permutation_alloc(4);
gsl_vector_complex *x = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(4);
gsl_vector_complex_view bp;
gsl_complex z;
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv(m, eval, evec, w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_sort(eval, evec, GSL_EIGEN_SORT_ABS_DESC);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_free(w); // clear workspace
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
gsl_complex eval_i = gsl_vector_complex_get(eval, i);
gsl_complex expeval = gsl_complex_mul(eval_i,t);
expeval = gsl_complex_exp(expeval);
gsl_matrix_complex_set(evalmat, i, i, expeval);
}
gsl_vector_complex_free(eval); // clear vector for eigenvalues
// v'L'=De'v'
gsl_blas_zgemm(CblasTrans, CblasTrans, one, evalmat, evec, zero, vd);
gsl_matrix_complex_transpose(evec);//transpose v
gsl_matrix_complex_memcpy(K,evec);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
bp = gsl_matrix_complex_column(vd, i);
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_decomp(evec, p, &s);
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_solve(evec, p, &bp.vector, x);
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
z = gsl_vector_complex_get(x, j);
gsl_matrix_complex_set(L,i,j,z); //'through the looking glass' transpose
}
gsl_matrix_complex_memcpy(evec,K);
}
gsl_permutation_free(p);
gsl_vector_complex_free(x);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(vd);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(evec);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(evalmat);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(K);
}
static void
genhermv_normalize_eigenvectors(gsl_matrix_complex *evec)
{
const size_t N = evec->size1;
size_t i; /* looping */
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
gsl_vector_complex_view vi = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, i);
double scale = 1.0 / gsl_blas_dznrm2(&vi.vector);
gsl_blas_zdscal(scale, &vi.vector);
}
} /* genhermv_normalize_eigenvectors() */
int
main (void)
{
double data[] = { -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0,
-8.0, 4.0, -2.0, 1.0,
27.0, 9.0, 3.0, 1.0,
64.0, 16.0, 4.0, 1.0 };
gsl_matrix_view m
= gsl_matrix_view_array (data, 4, 4);
gsl_vector_complex *eval = gsl_vector_complex_alloc (4);
gsl_matrix_complex *evec = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc (4, 4);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * w =
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_alloc (4);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv (&m.matrix, eval, evec, w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_free (w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_sort (eval, evec,
GSL_EIGEN_SORT_ABS_DESC);
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
gsl_complex eval_i
= gsl_vector_complex_get (eval, i);
gsl_vector_complex_view evec_i
= gsl_matrix_complex_column (evec, i);
printf ("eigenvalue = %g + %gi\n",
GSL_REAL(eval_i), GSL_IMAG(eval_i));
printf ("eigenvector = \n");
for (j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
{
gsl_complex z = gsl_vector_complex_get(&evec_i.vector, j);
printf("%g + %gi\n", GSL_REAL(z), GSL_IMAG(z));
}
}
}
gsl_vector_complex_free(eval);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(evec);
return 0;
}
static void
nonsymmv_normalize_eigenvectors(gsl_vector_complex *eval,
gsl_matrix_complex *evec)
{
const size_t N = evec->size1;
size_t i; /* looping */
gsl_complex ei;
gsl_vector_complex_view vi;
gsl_vector_view re, im;
double scale; /* scaling factor */
for (i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
ei = gsl_vector_complex_get(eval, i);
vi = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, i);
re = gsl_vector_complex_real(&vi.vector);
if (GSL_IMAG(ei) == 0.0)
{
scale = 1.0 / gsl_blas_dnrm2(&re.vector);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &re.vector);
}
else if (GSL_IMAG(ei) > 0.0)
{
im = gsl_vector_complex_imag(&vi.vector);
scale = 1.0 / gsl_hypot(gsl_blas_dnrm2(&re.vector),
gsl_blas_dnrm2(&im.vector));
gsl_blas_zdscal(scale, &vi.vector);
vi = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, i + 1);
gsl_blas_zdscal(scale, &vi.vector);
}
}
} /* nonsymmv_normalize_eigenvectors() */
gsl_vector_complex *
CRebuildGraph::calculateEgeinval (gsl_matrix *target)
{
int order = (int)target->size1;
gsl_vector_complex *eval = gsl_vector_complex_alloc (order);
gsl_matrix_complex *evec = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc (order, order);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * w =
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_alloc (order);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv (target, eval, evec, w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_free (w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_sort (eval, evec,
GSL_EIGEN_SORT_ABS_DESC);
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < order; i++)
{
gsl_complex eval_i
= gsl_vector_complex_get (eval, i);
gsl_vector_complex_view evec_i
= gsl_matrix_complex_column (evec, i);
printf ("eigenvalue = %g + %gi\n",
GSL_REAL(eval_i), GSL_IMAG(eval_i));
printf ("eigenvector = \n");
for (j = 0; j < order; ++j)
{
/* gsl_complex z = */
gsl_vector_complex_get(&evec_i.vector, j);
// printf("%g + %gi\n", GSL_REAL(z), GSL_IMAG(z));
}
}
}
// gsl_vector_complex_free(eval);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(evec);
return eval;
}
int
gsl_linalg_complex_LU_invert (const gsl_matrix_complex * LU, const gsl_permutation * p, gsl_matrix_complex * inverse)
{
size_t i, n = LU->size1;
int status = GSL_SUCCESS;
gsl_matrix_complex_set_identity (inverse);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
gsl_vector_complex_view c = gsl_matrix_complex_column (inverse, i);
int status_i = gsl_linalg_complex_LU_svx (LU, p, &(c.vector));
if (status_i)
status = status_i;
}
return status;
}
int
lls_complex_correlation(gsl_matrix_complex *B, const lls_complex_workspace *w)
{
size_t n = w->AHA->size1;
if (B->size1 != n || B->size2 != n)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_correlation: B has wrong dimensions\n");
return GSL_EBADLEN;
}
else
{
int s;
size_t i;
gsl_vector_complex_view d = gsl_matrix_complex_diagonal(B);
/* compute covariance matrix */
s = lls_complex_invert(B, w);
if (s)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_correlation: error computing covariance matrix: %d\n", s);
return s;
}
/* compute diag(C)^{-1/2} C diag(C)^{-1/2} */
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
gsl_complex di = gsl_vector_complex_get(&d.vector, i);
gsl_vector_complex_view ri = gsl_matrix_complex_row(B, i);
gsl_vector_complex_view ci = gsl_matrix_complex_column(B, i);
gsl_complex z;
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&z, 1.0 / sqrt(GSL_REAL(di)), 0.0);
gsl_vector_complex_scale(&ri.vector, z);
gsl_vector_complex_scale(&ci.vector, z);
}
return s;
}
} /* lls_complex_correlation() */
void MarkovChain::setupCDFS(const gsl_matrix * Q)
{
double cdf, norm;
gsl_vector_complex *eval;
gsl_matrix_complex *evec;
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * w;
gsl_vector_complex_view S;
gsl_matrix_memcpy (m_cdfQ, Q);
eval = gsl_vector_complex_alloc (Q->size1);
evec = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc (Q->size1, Q->size2);
w = gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_alloc(Q->size1);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv (m_cdfQ, eval, evec, w);
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_sort (eval, evec,
GSL_EIGEN_SORT_ABS_DESC);
/*vector of stationary probabilities corresponding to the eigenvalue 1 */
S = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, 0);
/*sum of vector elements*/
norm = 0.0;
for(size_t i = 0; i < Q->size1; ++i)
{
norm += GSL_REAL(gsl_vector_complex_get(&S.vector, i));
}
/*cdfs*/
cdf = 0.0;
for(size_t i = 0; i < Q->size1; ++i)
{
cdf += GSL_REAL(gsl_vector_complex_get(&S.vector, i)) / norm;
gsl_vector_set(m_cdfS, i, cdf);
}
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_free (w);
gsl_vector_complex_free(eval);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(evec);
}
/*
computes the svd of a complex matrix. Missing in gsl.
*/
int
svd(gsl_matrix_complex *A, gsl_matrix_complex *V, gsl_vector *S)
{
int n = A->size1;
gsl_eigen_hermv_workspace *gsl_work = gsl_eigen_hermv_alloc(n);
gsl_matrix_complex *Asq = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(n, n);
gsl_complex zero = gsl_complex_rect(0., 0.);
gsl_complex one = gsl_complex_rect(1., 0.);
gsl_vector *e = gsl_vector_alloc(n);
gsl_matrix_complex *U = gsl_matrix_complex_alloc(n, n);
gsl_blas_zgemm(CblasNoTrans, CblasConjTrans, one, A, A, zero, Asq);
gsl_eigen_hermv(Asq, e, U, gsl_work);
gsl_eigen_hermv_sort(e, U, GSL_EIGEN_SORT_VAL_DESC);
gsl_blas_zgemm(CblasConjTrans, CblasNoTrans, one, A, A, zero, Asq);
gsl_eigen_hermv(Asq, e, V, gsl_work);
gsl_eigen_hermv_sort(e, V, GSL_EIGEN_SORT_VAL_DESC);
gsl_blas_zgemm(CblasNoTrans, CblasNoTrans, one, A, V, zero, Asq);
gsl_blas_zgemm(CblasConjTrans, CblasNoTrans, one, U, Asq, zero, A);
for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
gsl_complex x = gsl_matrix_complex_get(A, i, i);
double phase = gsl_complex_arg(gsl_complex_mul_real(x, 1./sqrt(e->data[i])));
gsl_vector_complex_view U_col = gsl_matrix_complex_column(U, i);
gsl_vector_complex_scale(&U_col.vector, gsl_complex_polar(1., phase));
gsl_vector_set(S, i, sqrt(gsl_vector_get(e, i)));
}
gsl_matrix_complex_memcpy(A, U);
gsl_vector_free(e);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(U);
gsl_matrix_complex_free(Asq);
gsl_eigen_hermv_free(gsl_work);
return 0;
}
void MCPMPChan::Run() {
/// fetch data objects
gsl_matrix_complex inmat = min1.GetDataObj();
gsl_matrix_complex cmat = min2.GetDataObj();
// inmat : input signal matrix x(n) (NxM)
// i
// complex sample at time n from Tx number i
// cmat : channel coeffs matrix h(n) (M**2xN)
// ij
// cmat matrix structure
//
// +- -+
// | h(0) . . . . h(n) | |
// | 11 11 | |
// | | | Rx1
// | h(0) . . . . h(n) | |
// | 12 12 | |
// | |
// | h(0) . . . . h(n) | |
// | 21 21 | |
// | | | Rx2
// | h(0) . . . . h(n) | |
// | 22 22 | |
// +- -+
//
// where h(n) represents the channel impulse response
// ij
//
// at time n, from tx i to rx j
// the matrix has MxM rows and N comumns.
// The (i,j) channel is locater at row i*M+j
// with i,j in the range [0,M-1] and rows counting from 0
//
//
gsl_matrix_complex_set_zero(outmat);
for (int rx=0;rx<M();rx++) { //loop through Rx
//
// csubmat creates a view on cmat extracting the MxN submatrix for Rx number u
//
gsl_matrix_complex_const_view csubmat = gsl_matrix_complex_const_submatrix(&cmat,rx*M(),0,M(),N());
//
// cut a slice of outmat
//
gsl_vector_complex_view outvec = gsl_matrix_complex_column(outmat,rx);
for (int tx=0;tx<M();tx++) { // loop through Tx
//
// input signal from tx
//
gsl_vector_complex_view x = gsl_matrix_complex_column(&inmat,tx);
gsl_vector_complex *tmp = gsl_vector_complex_alloc(N());
//
//
// extract the current tx-rx channel matrix
//
//
for (int i=0; i<N(); i++) {
gsl_complex h = gsl_matrix_complex_get(&csubmat.matrix,tx,(N()-i)%N());
for (int j=0; j<N(); j++) {
gsl_matrix_complex_set(user_chan,j,(j+i) % N(),h);
}
}
// cout << "Channel (" << tx << "-" << rx << "):" << endl;
// gsl_matrix_complex_show(user_chan);
//
// compute the signal rx = H tx
//
gsl_blas_zgemv(CblasNoTrans,
gsl_complex_rect(1.0,0),
user_chan,
&x.vector,
gsl_complex_rect(0,0),
tmp);
//
// sum for each tx
//
gsl_vector_complex_add(&outvec.vector,tmp);
gsl_vector_complex_free(tmp);
} // tx loop
for (int i=0; i< N(); i++) {
gsl_complex noisesample = gsl_complex_rect( gsl_ran_gaussian(ran,noisestd),
gsl_ran_gaussian(ran,noisestd));
gsl_complex ctmp = gsl_complex_add(gsl_vector_complex_get(&outvec.vector,i),noisesample);
gsl_vector_complex_set(&outvec.vector,i,ctmp);
}
} // rx loop
// cout << "received signals matrix (" << N() << "x" << M() << ")" << endl;
// gsl_matrix_complex_show(outmat);
//////// production of data
mout1.DeliverDataObj( *outmat );
}
static void
nonsymmv_get_right_eigenvectors(gsl_matrix *T, gsl_matrix *Z,
gsl_vector_complex *eval,
gsl_matrix_complex *evec,
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace *w)
{
const size_t N = T->size1;
const double smlnum = GSL_DBL_MIN * N / GSL_DBL_EPSILON;
const double bignum = (1.0 - GSL_DBL_EPSILON) / smlnum;
int i; /* looping */
size_t iu, /* looping */
ju,
ii;
gsl_complex lambda; /* current eigenvalue */
double lambda_re, /* Re(lambda) */
lambda_im; /* Im(lambda) */
gsl_matrix_view Tv, /* temporary views */
Zv;
gsl_vector_view y, /* temporary views */
y2,
ev,
ev2;
double dat[4], /* scratch arrays */
dat_X[4];
double scale; /* scale factor */
double xnorm; /* |X| */
gsl_vector_complex_view ecol, /* column of evec */
ecol2;
int complex_pair; /* complex eigenvalue pair? */
double smin;
/*
* Compute 1-norm of each column of upper triangular part of T
* to control overflow in triangular solver
*/
gsl_vector_set(w->work3, 0, 0.0);
for (ju = 1; ju < N; ++ju)
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work3, ju, 0.0);
for (iu = 0; iu < ju; ++iu)
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work3, ju,
gsl_vector_get(w->work3, ju) +
fabs(gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, ju)));
}
}
for (i = (int) N - 1; i >= 0; --i)
{
iu = (size_t) i;
/* get current eigenvalue and store it in lambda */
lambda_re = gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, iu);
if (iu != 0 && gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, iu - 1) != 0.0)
{
lambda_im = sqrt(fabs(gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, iu - 1))) *
sqrt(fabs(gsl_matrix_get(T, iu - 1, iu)));
}
else
{
lambda_im = 0.0;
}
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&lambda, lambda_re, lambda_im);
smin = GSL_MAX(GSL_DBL_EPSILON * (fabs(lambda_re) + fabs(lambda_im)),
smlnum);
smin = GSL_MAX(smin, GSL_NONSYMMV_SMLNUM);
if (lambda_im == 0.0)
{
int k, l;
gsl_vector_view bv, xv;
/* real eigenvector */
/*
* The ordering of eigenvalues in 'eval' is arbitrary and
* does not necessarily follow the Schur form T, so store
* lambda in the right slot in eval to ensure it corresponds
* to the eigenvector we are about to compute
*/
gsl_vector_complex_set(eval, iu, lambda);
/*
* We need to solve the system:
*
* (T(1:iu-1, 1:iu-1) - lambda*I)*X = -T(1:iu-1,iu)
*/
/* construct right hand side */
for (k = 0; k < i; ++k)
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work,
(size_t) k,
-gsl_matrix_get(T, (size_t) k, iu));
}
gsl_vector_set(w->work, iu, 1.0);
for (l = i - 1; l >= 0; --l)
{
size_t lu = (size_t) l;
if (lu == 0)
complex_pair = 0;
else
complex_pair = gsl_matrix_get(T, lu, lu - 1) != 0.0;
if (!complex_pair)
{
double x;
/*
* 1-by-1 diagonal block - solve the system:
*
* (T_{ll} - lambda)*x = -T_{l(iu)}
*/
Tv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(T, lu, lu, 1, 1);
bv = gsl_vector_view_array(dat, 1);
gsl_vector_set(&bv.vector, 0,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu));
xv = gsl_vector_view_array(dat_X, 1);
gsl_schur_solve_equation(1.0,
&Tv.matrix,
lambda_re,
1.0,
1.0,
&bv.vector,
&xv.vector,
&scale,
&xnorm,
smin);
/* scale x to avoid overflow */
x = gsl_vector_get(&xv.vector, 0);
if (xnorm > 1.0)
{
if (gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu) > bignum / xnorm)
{
x /= xnorm;
scale /= xnorm;
}
}
if (scale != 1.0)
{
gsl_vector_view wv;
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
}
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu, x);
if (lu > 0)
{
gsl_vector_view v1, v2;
/* update right hand side */
v1 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu, 0, lu);
v2 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, lu);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-x, &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
} /* if (l > 0) */
} /* if (!complex_pair) */
else
{
double x11, x21;
/*
* 2-by-2 diagonal block
*/
Tv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(T, lu - 1, lu - 1, 2, 2);
bv = gsl_vector_view_array(dat, 2);
gsl_vector_set(&bv.vector, 0,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu - 1));
gsl_vector_set(&bv.vector, 1,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu));
xv = gsl_vector_view_array(dat_X, 2);
gsl_schur_solve_equation(1.0,
&Tv.matrix,
lambda_re,
1.0,
1.0,
&bv.vector,
&xv.vector,
&scale,
&xnorm,
smin);
/* scale X(1,1) and X(2,1) to avoid overflow */
x11 = gsl_vector_get(&xv.vector, 0);
x21 = gsl_vector_get(&xv.vector, 1);
if (xnorm > 1.0)
{
double beta;
beta = GSL_MAX(gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu - 1),
gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu));
if (beta > bignum / xnorm)
{
x11 /= xnorm;
x21 /= xnorm;
scale /= xnorm;
}
}
/* scale if necessary */
if (scale != 1.0)
{
gsl_vector_view wv;
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
}
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu - 1, x11);
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu, x21);
/* update right hand side */
if (lu > 1)
{
gsl_vector_view v1, v2;
v1 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu - 1, 0, lu - 1);
v2 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, lu - 1);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-x11, &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
v1 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu, 0, lu - 1);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-x21, &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
}
--l;
} /* if (complex_pair) */
} /* for (l = i - 1; l >= 0; --l) */
/*
* At this point, w->work is an eigenvector of the
* Schur form T. To get an eigenvector of the original
* matrix, we multiply on the left by Z, the matrix of
* Schur vectors
*/
ecol = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, iu);
y = gsl_matrix_column(Z, iu);
if (iu > 0)
{
gsl_vector_view x;
Zv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(Z, 0, 0, N, iu);
x = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu);
/* compute Z * w->work and store it in Z(:,iu) */
gsl_blas_dgemv(CblasNoTrans,
1.0,
&Zv.matrix,
&x.vector,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, iu),
&y.vector);
} /* if (iu > 0) */
/* store eigenvector into evec */
ev = gsl_vector_complex_real(&ecol.vector);
ev2 = gsl_vector_complex_imag(&ecol.vector);
scale = 0.0;
for (ii = 0; ii < N; ++ii)
{
double a = gsl_vector_get(&y.vector, ii);
/* store real part of eigenvector */
gsl_vector_set(&ev.vector, ii, a);
/* set imaginary part to 0 */
gsl_vector_set(&ev2.vector, ii, 0.0);
if (fabs(a) > scale)
scale = fabs(a);
}
if (scale != 0.0)
scale = 1.0 / scale;
/* scale by magnitude of largest element */
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &ev.vector);
} /* if (GSL_IMAG(lambda) == 0.0) */
else
{
gsl_vector_complex_view bv, xv;
size_t k;
int l;
gsl_complex lambda2;
/* complex eigenvector */
/*
* Store the complex conjugate eigenvalues in the right
* slots in eval
*/
GSL_SET_REAL(&lambda2, GSL_REAL(lambda));
GSL_SET_IMAG(&lambda2, -GSL_IMAG(lambda));
gsl_vector_complex_set(eval, iu - 1, lambda);
gsl_vector_complex_set(eval, iu, lambda2);
/*
* First solve:
*
* [ T(i:i+1,i:i+1) - lambda*I ] * X = 0
*/
if (fabs(gsl_matrix_get(T, iu - 1, iu)) >=
fabs(gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, iu - 1)))
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work, iu - 1, 1.0);
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, iu,
lambda_im / gsl_matrix_get(T, iu - 1, iu));
}
else
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work, iu - 1,
-lambda_im / gsl_matrix_get(T, iu, iu - 1));
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, iu, 1.0);
}
gsl_vector_set(w->work, iu, 0.0);
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, iu - 1, 0.0);
/* construct right hand side */
for (k = 0; k < iu - 1; ++k)
{
gsl_vector_set(w->work, k,
-gsl_vector_get(w->work, iu - 1) *
gsl_matrix_get(T, k, iu - 1));
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, k,
-gsl_vector_get(w->work2, iu) *
gsl_matrix_get(T, k, iu));
}
/*
* We must solve the upper quasi-triangular system:
*
* [ T(1:i-2,1:i-2) - lambda*I ] * X = s*(work + i*work2)
*/
for (l = i - 2; l >= 0; --l)
{
size_t lu = (size_t) l;
if (lu == 0)
complex_pair = 0;
else
complex_pair = gsl_matrix_get(T, lu, lu - 1) != 0.0;
if (!complex_pair)
{
gsl_complex bval;
gsl_complex x;
/*
* 1-by-1 diagonal block - solve the system:
*
* (T_{ll} - lambda)*x = work + i*work2
*/
Tv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(T, lu, lu, 1, 1);
bv = gsl_vector_complex_view_array(dat, 1);
xv = gsl_vector_complex_view_array(dat_X, 1);
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&bval,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu),
gsl_vector_get(w->work2, lu));
gsl_vector_complex_set(&bv.vector, 0, bval);
gsl_schur_solve_equation_z(1.0,
&Tv.matrix,
&lambda,
1.0,
1.0,
&bv.vector,
&xv.vector,
&scale,
&xnorm,
smin);
if (xnorm > 1.0)
{
if (gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu) > bignum / xnorm)
{
gsl_blas_zdscal(1.0/xnorm, &xv.vector);
scale /= xnorm;
}
}
/* scale if necessary */
if (scale != 1.0)
{
gsl_vector_view wv;
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work2, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
}
x = gsl_vector_complex_get(&xv.vector, 0);
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu, GSL_REAL(x));
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, lu, GSL_IMAG(x));
/* update the right hand side */
if (lu > 0)
{
gsl_vector_view v1, v2;
v1 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu, 0, lu);
v2 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, lu);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_REAL(x), &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
v2 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work2, 0, lu);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_IMAG(x), &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
} /* if (lu > 0) */
} /* if (!complex_pair) */
else
{
gsl_complex b1, b2, x1, x2;
/*
* 2-by-2 diagonal block - solve the system
*/
Tv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(T, lu - 1, lu - 1, 2, 2);
bv = gsl_vector_complex_view_array(dat, 2);
xv = gsl_vector_complex_view_array(dat_X, 2);
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&b1,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu - 1),
gsl_vector_get(w->work2, lu - 1));
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&b2,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, lu),
gsl_vector_get(w->work2, lu));
gsl_vector_complex_set(&bv.vector, 0, b1);
gsl_vector_complex_set(&bv.vector, 1, b2);
gsl_schur_solve_equation_z(1.0,
&Tv.matrix,
&lambda,
1.0,
1.0,
&bv.vector,
&xv.vector,
&scale,
&xnorm,
smin);
x1 = gsl_vector_complex_get(&xv.vector, 0);
x2 = gsl_vector_complex_get(&xv.vector, 1);
if (xnorm > 1.0)
{
double beta;
beta = GSL_MAX(gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu - 1),
gsl_vector_get(w->work3, lu));
if (beta > bignum / xnorm)
{
gsl_blas_zdscal(1.0/xnorm, &xv.vector);
scale /= xnorm;
}
}
/* scale if necessary */
if (scale != 1.0)
{
gsl_vector_view wv;
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
wv = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work2, 0, iu + 1);
gsl_blas_dscal(scale, &wv.vector);
}
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu - 1, GSL_REAL(x1));
gsl_vector_set(w->work, lu, GSL_REAL(x2));
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, lu - 1, GSL_IMAG(x1));
gsl_vector_set(w->work2, lu, GSL_IMAG(x2));
/* update right hand side */
if (lu > 1)
{
gsl_vector_view v1, v2, v3, v4;
v1 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu - 1, 0, lu - 1);
v4 = gsl_matrix_subcolumn(T, lu, 0, lu - 1);
v2 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, lu - 1);
v3 = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work2, 0, lu - 1);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_REAL(x1), &v1.vector, &v2.vector);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_REAL(x2), &v4.vector, &v2.vector);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_IMAG(x1), &v1.vector, &v3.vector);
gsl_blas_daxpy(-GSL_IMAG(x2), &v4.vector, &v3.vector);
} /* if (lu > 1) */
--l;
} /* if (complex_pair) */
} /* for (l = i - 2; l >= 0; --l) */
/*
* At this point, work + i*work2 is an eigenvector
* of T - backtransform to get an eigenvector of the
* original matrix
*/
y = gsl_matrix_column(Z, iu - 1);
y2 = gsl_matrix_column(Z, iu);
if (iu > 1)
{
gsl_vector_view x;
/* compute real part of eigenvectors */
Zv = gsl_matrix_submatrix(Z, 0, 0, N, iu - 1);
x = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work, 0, iu - 1);
gsl_blas_dgemv(CblasNoTrans,
1.0,
&Zv.matrix,
&x.vector,
gsl_vector_get(w->work, iu - 1),
&y.vector);
/* now compute the imaginary part */
x = gsl_vector_subvector(w->work2, 0, iu - 1);
gsl_blas_dgemv(CblasNoTrans,
1.0,
&Zv.matrix,
&x.vector,
gsl_vector_get(w->work2, iu),
&y2.vector);
}
else
{
gsl_blas_dscal(gsl_vector_get(w->work, iu - 1), &y.vector);
gsl_blas_dscal(gsl_vector_get(w->work2, iu), &y2.vector);
}
/*
* Now store the eigenvectors into evec - the real parts
* are Z(:,iu - 1) and the imaginary parts are
* +/- Z(:,iu)
*/
/* get views of the two eigenvector slots */
ecol = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, iu - 1);
ecol2 = gsl_matrix_complex_column(evec, iu);
/*
* save imaginary part first as it may get overwritten
* when copying the real part due to our storage scheme
* in Z/evec
*/
ev = gsl_vector_complex_imag(&ecol.vector);
ev2 = gsl_vector_complex_imag(&ecol2.vector);
scale = 0.0;
for (ii = 0; ii < N; ++ii)
{
double a = gsl_vector_get(&y2.vector, ii);
scale = GSL_MAX(scale,
fabs(a) + fabs(gsl_vector_get(&y.vector, ii)));
gsl_vector_set(&ev.vector, ii, a);
gsl_vector_set(&ev2.vector, ii, -a);
}
/* now save the real part */
ev = gsl_vector_complex_real(&ecol.vector);
ev2 = gsl_vector_complex_real(&ecol2.vector);
for (ii = 0; ii < N; ++ii)
{
double a = gsl_vector_get(&y.vector, ii);
gsl_vector_set(&ev.vector, ii, a);
gsl_vector_set(&ev2.vector, ii, a);
}
if (scale != 0.0)
scale = 1.0 / scale;
/* scale by largest element magnitude */
gsl_blas_zdscal(scale, &ecol.vector);
gsl_blas_zdscal(scale, &ecol2.vector);
/*
* decrement i since we took care of two eigenvalues at
* the same time
*/
--i;
} /* if (GSL_IMAG(lambda) != 0.0) */
} /* for (i = (int) N - 1; i >= 0; --i) */
} /* nonsymmv_get_right_eigenvectors() */
void MBlockUser::Run() {
//
// Allocation Matrices
//
gsl_matrix_uint signature_frequencies=min2.GetDataObj();
gsl_matrix signature_powers=min3.GetDataObj();
//
// input bits
//
gsl_matrix_uint inputbits = min1.GetDataObj();
//
// outer loop: the users
//
for (int u=0;u<M();u++) {
gsl_vector_complex_view tmpout = gsl_matrix_complex_column(outmat,u);
//
//
// FETCH K INPUT SYMBOLS
//
//
for (int j=0;j<K();j++) {
symbol_id=0;
//////// I take Nb bits from input and map it in new_symbol
for (int i=0;i<Nb();i++) {
symbol_id = (symbol_id << 1);
// symbol_id += in1.GetDataObj();
symbol_id += gsl_matrix_uint_get(&inputbits,u,j*Nb()+i);
}
new_symbol = gsl_complex_polar(1.0,
symbol_arg *
double(gsl_vector_uint_get(gray_encoding,
symbol_id)));
gsl_vector_complex_set(tmp,j,new_symbol);
}
//
//
// SELECTION MATRIX UPDATE and POWER
//
//
// gsl_matrix_complex_set_identity(selection_mat);
gsl_matrix_complex_set_zero(selection_mat);
for (int i=0;i<J(); i++) {
unsigned int carrier=gsl_matrix_uint_get(&signature_frequencies,u,i);
double power=gsl_matrix_get(&signature_powers,u,i);
gsl_complex one=gsl_complex_polar(power,0.0);
gsl_matrix_complex_set(selection_mat,carrier,i,one);
}
//
//
// PRECODING MATRIX UPDATE
//
//
#ifdef GIANNAKIS_PRECODING
double roarg=2.0*double(M_PI/N());
for (int i=0;i<J(); i++) {
unsigned int carrier=gsl_matrix_uint_get(&signature_frequencies,u,i);
for (int j=0; j<K(); j++) {
gsl_complex ro=gsl_complex_polar(sqrt(1.0/double(J())),-j*carrier*roarg);
gsl_matrix_complex_set(coding_mat,i,j,ro);
}
}
#else
double roarg=2.0*double(M_PI/J());
for (int i=0;i<J(); i++) {
for (int j=0; j<K(); j++) {
gsl_complex ro=gsl_complex_polar(sqrt(1.0/double(J())),-j*i*roarg);
gsl_matrix_complex_set(coding_mat,i,j,ro);
}
}
#endif
#ifdef SHOW_MATRIX
cout << endl << BlockName << " user: "******"coding matrix (theta) = " << endl;
gsl_matrix_complex_show(coding_mat);
cout << "T^h*T matrix = " << endl;
gsl_matrix_complex_show(THT);
cout << "T^h*T trace = "
<< GSL_REAL(trace)
<< ", "
<< GSL_IMAG(trace)
<< endl;
gsl_matrix_complex_free(THT);
#endif
//
//
// PRECODING
//
//
gsl_blas_zgemv(CblasNoTrans,
gsl_complex_rect(1.0,0),
coding_mat,
tmp,
gsl_complex_rect(0,0),
tmp1);
//
//
// CARRIER SELECTION
//
//
gsl_blas_zgemv(CblasNoTrans,
gsl_complex_rect(1.0,0),
selection_mat,
tmp1,
gsl_complex_rect(0,0),
tmp2);
//
//
// IFFT TRANSFORM
//
//
gsl_blas_zgemv(CblasNoTrans,
gsl_complex_rect(1.0,0),
transform_mat,
tmp2,
gsl_complex_rect(0,0),
&tmpout.vector);
// cout << "\n\n symbols (user " << u << ") = " << endl;
// gsl_vector_complex_fprintf(stdout,tmp,"%f");
#ifdef SHOW_MATRIX
cout << "\n\n symbols (user " << u << ") = " << endl;
gsl_vector_complex_fprintf(stdout,tmp,"%f");
cout << "\n\n precoded = " << endl;
gsl_vector_complex_fprintf(stdout,tmp1,"%f");
cout << "\n\n precoded selected = " << endl;
gsl_vector_complex_fprintf(stdout,tmp2,"%f");
cout << "\n\n precoded selected transformed = " << endl;
gsl_vector_complex_fprintf(stdout,&tmpout.vector,"%f");
#endif
} // close user loop
mout1.DeliverDataObj(*outmat);
}
int
lls_complex_stdform(gsl_matrix_complex *A, gsl_vector_complex *b,
const gsl_vector *wts, const gsl_vector *L,
lls_complex_workspace *w)
{
const size_t n = A->size1;
const size_t p = A->size2;
if (p != w->p)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_stdform: A has wrong size2\n");
return GSL_EBADLEN;
}
else if (n != b->size)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_stdform: b has wrong size\n");
return GSL_EBADLEN;
}
else if (wts != NULL && n != wts->size)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_stdform: wts has wrong size\n");
return GSL_EBADLEN;
}
else if (L != NULL && p != L->size)
{
fprintf(stderr, "lls_complex_stdform: L has wrong size\n");
return GSL_EBADLEN;
}
else
{
int s = 0;
size_t i;
if (wts != NULL)
{
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
gsl_vector_complex_view rv = gsl_matrix_complex_row(A, i);
gsl_complex bi = gsl_vector_complex_get(b, i);
double wi = gsl_vector_get(wts, i);
double sqrtwi = sqrt(wi);
gsl_complex val;
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&val, sqrtwi, 0.0);
/* A <- sqrt(W) A */
gsl_vector_complex_scale(&rv.vector, val);
/* b <- sqrt(W) b */
val = gsl_complex_mul_real(bi, sqrtwi);
gsl_vector_complex_set(b, i, val);
}
}
if (L != NULL)
{
/* A <- sqrt(W) A L^{-1} */
for (i = 0; i < p; ++i)
{
gsl_vector_complex_view cv = gsl_matrix_complex_column(A, i);
double Li = gsl_vector_get(L, i);
gsl_complex val;
if (Li == 0.0)
{
GSL_ERROR("L matrix is singular", GSL_ESING);
}
GSL_SET_COMPLEX(&val, 1.0 / Li, 0.0);
gsl_vector_complex_scale(&cv.vector, val);
}
}
return s;
}
} /* lls_complex_stdform() */
int
gsl_linalg_hermtd_decomp (gsl_matrix_complex * A, gsl_vector_complex * tau)
{
if (A->size1 != A->size2)
{
GSL_ERROR ("hermitian tridiagonal decomposition requires square matrix",
GSL_ENOTSQR);
}
else if (tau->size + 1 != A->size1)
{
GSL_ERROR ("size of tau must be (matrix size - 1)", GSL_EBADLEN);
}
else
{
const size_t N = A->size1;
size_t i;
const gsl_complex zero = gsl_complex_rect (0.0, 0.0);
const gsl_complex one = gsl_complex_rect (1.0, 0.0);
const gsl_complex neg_one = gsl_complex_rect (-1.0, 0.0);
for (i = 0 ; i < N - 1; i++)
{
gsl_vector_complex_view c = gsl_matrix_complex_column (A, i);
gsl_vector_complex_view v = gsl_vector_complex_subvector (&c.vector, i + 1, N - (i + 1));
gsl_complex tau_i = gsl_linalg_complex_householder_transform (&v.vector);
/* Apply the transformation H^T A H to the remaining columns */
if ((i + 1) < (N - 1)
&& !(GSL_REAL(tau_i) == 0.0 && GSL_IMAG(tau_i) == 0.0))
{
gsl_matrix_complex_view m =
gsl_matrix_complex_submatrix (A, i + 1, i + 1,
N - (i+1), N - (i+1));
gsl_complex ei = gsl_vector_complex_get(&v.vector, 0);
gsl_vector_complex_view x = gsl_vector_complex_subvector (tau, i, N-(i+1));
gsl_vector_complex_set (&v.vector, 0, one);
/* x = tau * A * v */
gsl_blas_zhemv (CblasLower, tau_i, &m.matrix, &v.vector, zero, &x.vector);
/* w = x - (1/2) tau * (x' * v) * v */
{
gsl_complex xv, txv, alpha;
gsl_blas_zdotc(&x.vector, &v.vector, &xv);
txv = gsl_complex_mul(tau_i, xv);
alpha = gsl_complex_mul_real(txv, -0.5);
gsl_blas_zaxpy(alpha, &v.vector, &x.vector);
}
/* apply the transformation A = A - v w' - w v' */
gsl_blas_zher2(CblasLower, neg_one, &v.vector, &x.vector, &m.matrix);
gsl_vector_complex_set (&v.vector, 0, ei);
}
gsl_vector_complex_set (tau, i, tau_i);
}
return GSL_SUCCESS;
}
}
