Beispiel #1
0
/* This function returns a new context for Barrett based operations on
   the modulus M.  This context needs to be released using
   _gcry_mpi_barrett_free.  If COPY is true M will be transferred to
   the context and the user may change M.  If COPY is false, M may not
   be changed until gcry_mpi_barrett_free has been called. */
mpi_barrett_t
_gcry_mpi_barrett_init (gcry_mpi_t m, int copy)
{
  mpi_barrett_t ctx;
  gcry_mpi_t tmp;

  mpi_normalize (m);
  ctx = xcalloc (1, sizeof *ctx);

  if (copy)
    {
      ctx->m = mpi_copy (m);
      ctx->m_copied = 1;
    }
  else
    ctx->m = m;

  ctx->k = mpi_get_nlimbs (m);
  tmp = mpi_alloc (ctx->k + 1);

  /* Barrett precalculation: y = floor(b^(2k) / m). */
  mpi_set_ui (tmp, 1);
  mpi_lshift_limbs (tmp, 2 * ctx->k);
  mpi_fdiv_q (tmp, tmp, m);

  ctx->y  = tmp;
  ctx->r1 = mpi_alloc ( 2 * ctx->k + 1 );
  ctx->r2 = mpi_alloc ( 2 * ctx->k + 1 );

  return ctx;
}
Beispiel #2
0
static void
do_div(void)
{
    if( stackidx < 2 ) {
	fputs("stack underflow\n", stderr);
	return;
    }
    mpi_fdiv_q( stack[stackidx-2], stack[stackidx-2], stack[stackidx-1] );
    stackidx--;
}
Beispiel #3
0
/****************
 * Barrett precalculation: y = floor(b^(2k) / m)
 */
static gcry_mpi_t
init_barrett( gcry_mpi_t m, int *k, gcry_mpi_t *r1, gcry_mpi_t *r2 )
{
    gcry_mpi_t tmp;

    mpi_normalize( m );
    *k = mpi_get_nlimbs( m );
    tmp = mpi_alloc( *k + 1 );
    mpi_set_ui( tmp, 1 );
    mpi_lshift_limbs( tmp, 2 * *k );
    mpi_fdiv_q( tmp, tmp, m );
    *r1 = mpi_alloc( 2* *k + 1 );
    *r2 = mpi_alloc( 2* *k + 1 );
    return tmp;
}
Beispiel #4
0
/* Find a generator for PRIME where the factorization of (prime-1) is
   in the NULL terminated array FACTORS. Return the generator as a
   newly allocated MPI in R_G.  If START_G is not NULL, use this as s
   atart for the search. Returns 0 on success.*/
gcry_error_t
gcry_prime_group_generator (gcry_mpi_t *r_g,
                            gcry_mpi_t prime, gcry_mpi_t *factors,
                            gcry_mpi_t start_g)
{
  gcry_mpi_t tmp = gcry_mpi_new (0);
  gcry_mpi_t b = gcry_mpi_new (0);
  gcry_mpi_t pmin1 = gcry_mpi_new (0);
  gcry_mpi_t g = start_g? gcry_mpi_copy (start_g) : gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 3);
  int first = 1;
  int i, n;

  if (!factors || !r_g || !prime)
    return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_ARG);
  *r_g = NULL; 

  for (n=0; factors[n]; n++)
    ;
  if (n < 2)
    return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_ARG);

  /* Extra sanity check - usually disabled. */  
/*   mpi_set (tmp, factors[0]); */
/*   for(i = 1; i < n; i++) */
/*     mpi_mul (tmp, tmp, factors[i]); */
/*   mpi_add_ui (tmp, tmp, 1); */
/*   if (mpi_cmp (prime, tmp)) */
/*     return gpg_error (GPG_ERR_INV_ARG); */
  
  gcry_mpi_sub_ui (pmin1, prime, 1);      
  do         
    {
      if (first)
        first = 0;
      else
        gcry_mpi_add_ui (g, g, 1);
      
      if (DBG_CIPHER)
        {
          log_debug ("checking g:");
          gcry_mpi_dump (g);
          log_debug ("\n");
        }
      else
        progress('^');
      
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
          mpi_fdiv_q (tmp, pmin1, factors[i]);
          gcry_mpi_powm (b, g, tmp, prime);
          if (! mpi_cmp_ui (b, 1))
            break;
        }
      if (DBG_CIPHER)
        progress('\n');
    }
  while (i < n);
  
  gcry_mpi_release (tmp);
  gcry_mpi_release (b); 
  gcry_mpi_release (pmin1); 
  *r_g = g; 

  return 0; 
}
Beispiel #5
0
/****************
 * We do not need to use the strongest RNG because we gain no extra
 * security from it - The prime number is public and we could also
 * offer the factors for those who are willing to check that it is
 * indeed a strong prime.  With ALL_FACTORS set to true all afcors of
 * prime-1 are returned in FACTORS.
 *
 * mode 0: Standard
 *	1: Make sure that at least one factor is of size qbits.
 */
static gcry_err_code_t
prime_generate_internal (int mode,
			 gcry_mpi_t *prime_generated, unsigned int pbits,
			 unsigned int qbits, gcry_mpi_t g,
			 gcry_mpi_t **ret_factors,
			 gcry_random_level_t randomlevel, unsigned int flags,
                         int all_factors,
                         gcry_prime_check_func_t cb_func, void *cb_arg)
{
  gcry_err_code_t err = 0;
  gcry_mpi_t *factors_new = NULL; /* Factors to return to the
				     caller.  */
  gcry_mpi_t *factors = NULL;	/* Current factors.  */
  gcry_mpi_t *pool = NULL;	/* Pool of primes.  */
  unsigned char *perms = NULL;	/* Permutations of POOL.  */
  gcry_mpi_t q_factor = NULL;	/* Used if QBITS is non-zero.  */
  unsigned int fbits = 0;	/* Length of prime factors.  */
  unsigned int n = 0;		/* Number of factors.  */
  unsigned int m = 0;		/* Number of primes in pool.  */
  gcry_mpi_t q = NULL;		/* First prime factor.  */
  gcry_mpi_t prime = NULL;	/* Prime candidate.  */
  unsigned int nprime = 0;	/* Bits of PRIME.  */
  unsigned int req_qbits;       /* The original QBITS value.  */
  gcry_mpi_t val_2;             /* For check_prime().  */
  unsigned int is_secret = (flags & GCRY_PRIME_FLAG_SECRET);
  unsigned int count1 = 0, count2 = 0;
  unsigned int i = 0, j = 0;

  if (pbits < 48)
    return GPG_ERR_INV_ARG;

  /* If QBITS is not given, assume a reasonable value. */
  if (!qbits)
    qbits = pbits / 3;

  req_qbits = qbits;

  /* Find number of needed prime factors.  */
  for (n = 1; (pbits - qbits - 1) / n  >= qbits; n++)
    ;
  n--;

  val_2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui (2);

  if ((! n) || ((mode == 1) && (n < 2)))
    {
      err = GPG_ERR_INV_ARG;
      goto leave;
    }

  if (mode == 1)
    {
      n--;
      fbits = (pbits - 2 * req_qbits -1) / n;
      qbits =  pbits - req_qbits - n * fbits;
    }
  else
    {
      fbits = (pbits - req_qbits -1) / n;
      qbits = pbits - n * fbits;
    }
  
  if (DBG_CIPHER)
    log_debug ("gen prime: pbits=%u qbits=%u fbits=%u/%u n=%d\n",
               pbits, req_qbits, qbits, fbits, n);

  prime = gcry_mpi_new (pbits);

  /* Generate first prime factor.  */
  q = gen_prime (qbits, is_secret, randomlevel, NULL, NULL);
  
  if (mode == 1)
    q_factor = gen_prime (req_qbits, is_secret, randomlevel, NULL, NULL);
  
  /* Allocate an array to hold the factors + 2 for later usage.  */
  factors = gcry_calloc (n + 2, sizeof (*factors));
  if (!factors)
    {
      err = gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno);
      goto leave;
    }
      
  /* Make a pool of 3n+5 primes (this is an arbitrary value).  */
  m = n * 3 + 5;
  if (mode == 1) /* Need some more (for e.g. DSA).  */
    m += 5;
  if (m < 25)
    m = 25;
  pool = gcry_calloc (m , sizeof (*pool));
  if (! pool)
    {
      err = gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno);
      goto leave;
    }

  /* Permutate over the pool of primes.  */
  do
    {
    next_try:
      if (! perms)
        {
          /* Allocate new primes.  */
          for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
              mpi_free (pool[i]);
              pool[i] = NULL;
            }

          /* Init m_out_of_n().  */
          perms = gcry_calloc (1, m);
          if (! perms)
            {
              err = gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno);
              goto leave;
            }
          for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
              perms[i] = 1;
              pool[i] = gen_prime (fbits, is_secret,
                                   randomlevel, NULL, NULL);
              factors[i] = pool[i];
            }
        }
      else
        {
          m_out_of_n ((char*)perms, n, m);
          for (i = j = 0; (i < m) && (j < n); i++)
            if (perms[i])
              {
                if(! pool[i])
                  pool[i] = gen_prime (fbits, 0, 1, NULL, NULL);
                factors[j++] = pool[i];
              }
          if (i == n)
            {
              gcry_free (perms);
              perms = NULL;
              progress ('!');
              goto next_try;	/* Allocate new primes.  */
            }
        }

	/* Generate next prime candidate:
	   p = 2 * q [ * q_factor] * factor_0 * factor_1 * ... * factor_n + 1. 
        */
	mpi_set (prime, q);
	mpi_mul_ui (prime, prime, 2);
	if (mode == 1)
	  mpi_mul (prime, prime, q_factor);
	for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
	  mpi_mul (prime, prime, factors[i]);
	mpi_add_ui (prime, prime, 1);
	nprime = mpi_get_nbits (prime);

	if (nprime < pbits)
	  {
	    if (++count1 > 20)
	      {
		count1 = 0;
		qbits++;
		progress('>');
		mpi_free (q);
		q = gen_prime (qbits, 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
		goto next_try;
	      }
	  }
	else
	  count1 = 0;
        
	if (nprime > pbits)
	  {
	    if (++count2 > 20)
	      {
		count2 = 0;
		qbits--;
		progress('<');
		mpi_free (q);
		q = gen_prime (qbits, 0, 0, NULL, NULL);
		goto next_try;
	      }
	  }
	else
	  count2 = 0;
    }
  while (! ((nprime == pbits) && check_prime (prime, val_2, cb_func, cb_arg)));

  if (DBG_CIPHER)
    {
      progress ('\n');
      log_mpidump ("prime    : ", prime);
      log_mpidump ("factor  q: ", q);
      if (mode == 1)
        log_mpidump ("factor q0: ", q_factor);
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        log_mpidump ("factor pi: ", factors[i]);
      log_debug ("bit sizes: prime=%u, q=%u",
                 mpi_get_nbits (prime), mpi_get_nbits (q));
      if (mode == 1)
        log_debug (", q0=%u", mpi_get_nbits (q_factor));
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        log_debug (", p%d=%u", i, mpi_get_nbits (factors[i]));
      progress('\n');
    }

  if (ret_factors)
    {
      /* Caller wants the factors.  */
      factors_new = gcry_calloc (n + 4, sizeof (*factors_new));
      if (! factors_new)
        {
          err = gpg_err_code_from_errno (errno);
          goto leave;
        }

      if (all_factors)
        {
          i = 0;
          factors_new[i++] = gcry_mpi_set_ui (NULL, 2);
          factors_new[i++] = mpi_copy (q);
          if (mode == 1)
            factors_new[i++] = mpi_copy (q_factor);
          for(j=0; j < n; j++)
            factors_new[i++] = mpi_copy (factors[j]);
        }
      else
        {
          i = 0;
          if (mode == 1)
            {
              factors_new[i++] = mpi_copy (q_factor);
              for (; i <= n; i++)
                factors_new[i] = mpi_copy (factors[i]);
            }
          else
            for (; i < n; i++ )
              factors_new[i] = mpi_copy (factors[i]);
        }
    }
  
  if (g)
    {
      /* Create a generator (start with 3).  */
      gcry_mpi_t tmp = mpi_alloc (mpi_get_nlimbs (prime));
      gcry_mpi_t b = mpi_alloc (mpi_get_nlimbs (prime));
      gcry_mpi_t pmin1 = mpi_alloc (mpi_get_nlimbs (prime));
      
      if (mode == 1)
        err = GPG_ERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
      else
        {
          factors[n] = q;
          factors[n + 1] = mpi_alloc_set_ui (2);
          mpi_sub_ui (pmin1, prime, 1);
          mpi_set_ui (g, 2);
          do
            {
              mpi_add_ui (g, g, 1);
              if (DBG_CIPHER)
                {
                  log_debug ("checking g:");
                  gcry_mpi_dump (g);
                  log_printf ("\n");
                }
              else
                progress('^');
              for (i = 0; i < n + 2; i++)
                {
                  mpi_fdiv_q (tmp, pmin1, factors[i]);
                  /* No mpi_pow(), but it is okay to use this with mod
                     prime.  */
                  gcry_mpi_powm (b, g, tmp, prime);
                  if (! mpi_cmp_ui (b, 1))
                    break;
                }
              if (DBG_CIPHER)
                progress('\n');
            } 
          while (i < n + 2);

          mpi_free (factors[n+1]);
          mpi_free (tmp);
          mpi_free (b);
          mpi_free (pmin1);
        }
    }
  
  if (! DBG_CIPHER)
    progress ('\n');


 leave:
  if (pool)
    {
      for(i = 0; i < m; i++)
	mpi_free (pool[i]);
      gcry_free (pool);
    }
  if (factors)
    gcry_free (factors);  /* Factors are shallow copies.  */
  if (perms)
    gcry_free (perms);

  mpi_free (val_2);
  mpi_free (q);
  mpi_free (q_factor);

  if (! err)
    {
      *prime_generated = prime;
      if (ret_factors)
	*ret_factors = factors_new;
    }
  else
    {
      if (factors_new)
	{
	  for (i = 0; factors_new[i]; i++)
	    mpi_free (factors_new[i]);
	  gcry_free (factors_new);
	}
      mpi_free (prime);
    }

  return err;
}
Beispiel #6
0
/****************
 * Calculate the multiplicative inverse X of A mod N
 * That is: Find the solution x for
 *		1 = (a*x) mod n
 */
int
_gcry_mpi_invm (gcry_mpi_t x, gcry_mpi_t a, gcry_mpi_t n)
{
#if 0
    gcry_mpi_t u, v, u1, u2, u3, v1, v2, v3, q, t1, t2, t3;
    gcry_mpi_t ta, tb, tc;

    u = mpi_copy(a);
    v = mpi_copy(n);
    u1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
    u2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
    u3 = mpi_copy(u);
    v1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
    v2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
    v3 = mpi_copy(v);
    q  = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u)+1 );
    t1 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u)+1 );
    t2 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u)+1 );
    t3 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u)+1 );
    while( mpi_cmp_ui( v3, 0 ) ) {
	mpi_fdiv_q( q, u3, v3 );
	mpi_mul(t1, v1, q); mpi_mul(t2, v2, q); mpi_mul(t3, v3, q);
	mpi_sub(t1, u1, t1); mpi_sub(t2, u2, t2); mpi_sub(t3, u3, t3);
	mpi_set(u1, v1); mpi_set(u2, v2); mpi_set(u3, v3);
	mpi_set(v1, t1); mpi_set(v2, t2); mpi_set(v3, t3);
    }
    /*	log_debug("result:\n");
	log_mpidump("q =", q );
	log_mpidump("u1=", u1);
	log_mpidump("u2=", u2);
	log_mpidump("u3=", u3);
	log_mpidump("v1=", v1);
	log_mpidump("v2=", v2); */
    mpi_set(x, u1);

    mpi_free(u1);
    mpi_free(u2);
    mpi_free(u3);
    mpi_free(v1);
    mpi_free(v2);
    mpi_free(v3);
    mpi_free(q);
    mpi_free(t1);
    mpi_free(t2);
    mpi_free(t3);
    mpi_free(u);
    mpi_free(v);
#elif 0
    /* Extended Euclid's algorithm (See TAOCP Vol II, 4.5.2, Alg X)
     * modified according to Michael Penk's solution for Exercise 35 */

    /* FIXME: we can simplify this in most cases (see Knuth) */
    gcry_mpi_t u, v, u1, u2, u3, v1, v2, v3, t1, t2, t3;
    unsigned k;
    int sign;

    u = mpi_copy(a);
    v = mpi_copy(n);
    for(k=0; !mpi_test_bit(u,0) && !mpi_test_bit(v,0); k++ ) {
	mpi_rshift(u, u, 1);
	mpi_rshift(v, v, 1);
    }


    u1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
    u2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
    u3 = mpi_copy(u);
    v1 = mpi_copy(v);				   /* !-- used as const 1 */
    v2 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u) ); mpi_sub( v2, u1, u );
    v3 = mpi_copy(v);
    if( mpi_test_bit(u, 0) ) { /* u is odd */
	t1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
	t2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1); t2->sign = 1;
	t3 = mpi_copy(v); t3->sign = !t3->sign;
	goto Y4;
    }
    else {
	t1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
	t2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
	t3 = mpi_copy(u);
    }
    do {
	do {
	    if( mpi_test_bit(t1, 0) || mpi_test_bit(t2, 0) ) { /* one is odd */
		mpi_add(t1, t1, v);
		mpi_sub(t2, t2, u);
	    }
	    mpi_rshift(t1, t1, 1);
	    mpi_rshift(t2, t2, 1);
	    mpi_rshift(t3, t3, 1);
	  Y4:
	    ;
	} while( !mpi_test_bit( t3, 0 ) ); /* while t3 is even */

	if( !t3->sign ) {
	    mpi_set(u1, t1);
	    mpi_set(u2, t2);
	    mpi_set(u3, t3);
	}
	else {
	    mpi_sub(v1, v, t1);
	    sign = u->sign; u->sign = !u->sign;
	    mpi_sub(v2, u, t2);
	    u->sign = sign;
	    sign = t3->sign; t3->sign = !t3->sign;
	    mpi_set(v3, t3);
	    t3->sign = sign;
	}
	mpi_sub(t1, u1, v1);
	mpi_sub(t2, u2, v2);
	mpi_sub(t3, u3, v3);
	if( t1->sign ) {
	    mpi_add(t1, t1, v);
	    mpi_sub(t2, t2, u);
	}
    } while( mpi_cmp_ui( t3, 0 ) ); /* while t3 != 0 */
    /* mpi_lshift( u3, k ); */
    mpi_set(x, u1);

    mpi_free(u1);
    mpi_free(u2);
    mpi_free(u3);
    mpi_free(v1);
    mpi_free(v2);
    mpi_free(v3);
    mpi_free(t1);
    mpi_free(t2);
    mpi_free(t3);
#else
    /* Extended Euclid's algorithm (See TAOCP Vol II, 4.5.2, Alg X)
     * modified according to Michael Penk's solution for Exercise 35
     * with further enhancement */
    gcry_mpi_t u, v, u1, u2=NULL, u3, v1, v2=NULL, v3, t1, t2=NULL, t3;
    unsigned k;
    int sign;
    int odd ;

    if (!mpi_cmp_ui (a, 0))
        return 0; /* Inverse does not exists.  */
    if (!mpi_cmp_ui (n, 1))
        return 0; /* Inverse does not exists.  */

    u = mpi_copy(a);
    v = mpi_copy(n);

    for(k=0; !mpi_test_bit(u,0) && !mpi_test_bit(v,0); k++ ) {
	mpi_rshift(u, u, 1);
	mpi_rshift(v, v, 1);
    }
    odd = mpi_test_bit(v,0);

    u1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
    if( !odd )
	u2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
    u3 = mpi_copy(u);
    v1 = mpi_copy(v);
    if( !odd ) {
	v2 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(u) );
	mpi_sub( v2, u1, u ); /* U is used as const 1 */
    }
    v3 = mpi_copy(v);
    if( mpi_test_bit(u, 0) ) { /* u is odd */
	t1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
	if( !odd ) {
	    t2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1); t2->sign = 1;
	}
	t3 = mpi_copy(v); t3->sign = !t3->sign;
	goto Y4;
    }
    else {
	t1 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(1);
	if( !odd )
	    t2 = mpi_alloc_set_ui(0);
	t3 = mpi_copy(u);
    }
    do {
	do {
	    if( !odd ) {
		if( mpi_test_bit(t1, 0) || mpi_test_bit(t2, 0) ) { /* one is odd */
		    mpi_add(t1, t1, v);
		    mpi_sub(t2, t2, u);
		}
		mpi_rshift(t1, t1, 1);
		mpi_rshift(t2, t2, 1);
		mpi_rshift(t3, t3, 1);
	    }
	    else {
		if( mpi_test_bit(t1, 0) )
		    mpi_add(t1, t1, v);
		mpi_rshift(t1, t1, 1);
		mpi_rshift(t3, t3, 1);
	    }
	  Y4:
	    ;
	} while( !mpi_test_bit( t3, 0 ) ); /* while t3 is even */

	if( !t3->sign ) {
	    mpi_set(u1, t1);
	    if( !odd )
		mpi_set(u2, t2);
	    mpi_set(u3, t3);
	}
	else {
	    mpi_sub(v1, v, t1);
	    sign = u->sign; u->sign = !u->sign;
	    if( !odd )
		mpi_sub(v2, u, t2);
	    u->sign = sign;
	    sign = t3->sign; t3->sign = !t3->sign;
	    mpi_set(v3, t3);
	    t3->sign = sign;
	}
	mpi_sub(t1, u1, v1);
	if( !odd )
	    mpi_sub(t2, u2, v2);
	mpi_sub(t3, u3, v3);
	if( t1->sign ) {
	    mpi_add(t1, t1, v);
	    if( !odd )
		mpi_sub(t2, t2, u);
	}
    } while( mpi_cmp_ui( t3, 0 ) ); /* while t3 != 0 */
    /* mpi_lshift( u3, k ); */
    mpi_set(x, u1);

    mpi_free(u1);
    mpi_free(v1);
    mpi_free(t1);
    if( !odd ) {
	mpi_free(u2);
	mpi_free(v2);
	mpi_free(t2);
    }
    mpi_free(u3);
    mpi_free(v3);
    mpi_free(t3);

    mpi_free(u);
    mpi_free(v);
#endif
    return 1;
}
Beispiel #7
0
/****************
 * We do not need to use the strongest RNG because we gain no extra
 * security from it - The prime number is public and we could also
 * offer the factors for those who are willing to check that it is
 * indeed a strong prime.
 *
 * mode 0: Standard
 *	1: Make sure that at least one factor is of size qbits.
 */
MPI
generate_elg_prime( int mode, unsigned pbits, unsigned qbits,
		    MPI g, MPI **ret_factors )
{
    int n;  /* number of factors */
    int m;  /* number of primes in pool */
    unsigned fbits; /* length of prime factors */
    MPI *factors; /* current factors */
    MPI *pool;	/* pool of primes */
    MPI q;	/* first prime factor (variable)*/
    MPI prime;	/* prime test value */
    MPI q_factor; /* used for mode 1 */
    byte *perms = NULL;
    int i, j;
    int count1, count2;
    unsigned nprime;
    unsigned req_qbits = qbits; /* the requested q bits size */
    MPI val_2  = mpi_alloc_set_ui( 2 );

    /* find number of needed prime factors */
    for(n=1; (pbits - qbits - 1) / n  >= qbits; n++ )
	;
    n--;
    if( !n || (mode==1 && n < 2) )
	log_fatal("can't gen prime with pbits=%u qbits=%u\n", pbits, qbits );
    if( mode == 1 ) {
	n--;
	fbits = (pbits - 2*req_qbits -1) / n;
	qbits =  pbits - req_qbits - n*fbits;
    }
    else {
	fbits = (pbits - req_qbits -1) / n;
	qbits = pbits - n*fbits;
    }
    if( DBG_CIPHER )
	log_debug("gen prime: pbits=%u qbits=%u fbits=%u/%u n=%d\n",
		    pbits, req_qbits, qbits, fbits, n  );
    prime = mpi_alloc( (pbits + BITS_PER_MPI_LIMB - 1) /  BITS_PER_MPI_LIMB );
    q = gen_prime( qbits, 0, 0 );
    q_factor = mode==1? gen_prime( req_qbits, 0, 0 ) : NULL;

    /* allocate an array to hold the factors + 2 for later usage */
    factors = m_alloc_clear( (n+2) * sizeof *factors );

    /* make a pool of 3n+5 primes (this is an arbitrary value) */
    m = n*3+5;
    if( mode == 1 )
	m += 5; /* need some more for DSA */
    if( m < 25 )
	m = 25;
    pool = m_alloc_clear( m * sizeof *pool );

    /* permutate over the pool of primes */
    count1=count2=0;
    do {
      next_try:
	if( !perms ) {
	    /* allocate new primes */
	    for(i=0; i < m; i++ ) {
		mpi_free(pool[i]);
		pool[i] = NULL;
	    }
	    /* init m_out_of_n() */
	    perms = m_alloc_clear( m );
	    for(i=0; i < n; i++ ) {
		perms[i] = 1;
		pool[i] = gen_prime( fbits, 0, 0 );
		factors[i] = pool[i];
	    }
	}
	else {
	    m_out_of_n( perms, n, m );
	    for(i=j=0; i < m && j < n ; i++ )
		if( perms[i] ) {
		    if( !pool[i] )
			pool[i] = gen_prime( fbits, 0, 0 );
		    factors[j++] = pool[i];
		}
	    if( i == n ) {
		m_free(perms); perms = NULL;
		progress('!');
		goto next_try;	/* allocate new primes */
	    }
	}

	mpi_set( prime, q );
	mpi_mul_ui( prime, prime, 2 );
	if( mode == 1 )
	    mpi_mul( prime, prime, q_factor );
	for(i=0; i < n; i++ )
	    mpi_mul( prime, prime, factors[i] );
	mpi_add_ui( prime, prime, 1 );
	nprime = mpi_get_nbits(prime);
	if( nprime < pbits ) {
	    if( ++count1 > 20 ) {
		count1 = 0;
		qbits++;
		progress('>');
                mpi_free (q);
		q = gen_prime( qbits, 0, 0 );
		goto next_try;
	    }
	}
	else
	    count1 = 0;
	if( nprime > pbits ) {
	    if( ++count2 > 20 ) {
		count2 = 0;
		qbits--;
		progress('<');
                mpi_free (q);
		q = gen_prime( qbits, 0, 0 );
		goto next_try;
	    }
	}
	else
	    count2 = 0;
    } while( !(nprime == pbits && check_prime( prime, val_2 )) );

    if( DBG_CIPHER ) {
	progress('\n');
	log_mpidump( "prime    : ", prime );
	log_mpidump( "factor  q: ", q );
	if( mode == 1 )
	    log_mpidump( "factor q0: ", q_factor );
	for(i=0; i < n; i++ )
	    log_mpidump( "factor pi: ", factors[i] );
	log_debug("bit sizes: prime=%u, q=%u", mpi_get_nbits(prime), mpi_get_nbits(q) );
	if( mode == 1 )
	    fprintf(stderr, ", q0=%u", mpi_get_nbits(q_factor) );
	for(i=0; i < n; i++ )
	    fprintf(stderr, ", p%d=%u", i, mpi_get_nbits(factors[i]) );
	progress('\n');
    }

    if( ret_factors ) { /* caller wants the factors */
	*ret_factors = m_alloc_clear( (n+2) * sizeof **ret_factors);
        i = 0;
	if( mode == 1 ) {
	    (*ret_factors)[i++] = mpi_copy( q_factor );
	    for(; i <= n; i++ )
		(*ret_factors)[i] = mpi_copy( factors[i] );
	}
	else {
	    for(; i < n; i++ )
		(*ret_factors)[i] = mpi_copy( factors[i] );
	}
    }

    if( g ) { /* create a generator (start with 3)*/
	MPI tmp   = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(prime) );
	MPI b	  = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(prime) );
	MPI pmin1 = mpi_alloc( mpi_get_nlimbs(prime) );

	if( mode == 1 )
	    BUG(); /* not yet implemented */
	factors[n] = q;
	factors[n+1] = mpi_alloc_set_ui(2);
	mpi_sub_ui( pmin1, prime, 1 );
	mpi_set_ui(g,2);
	do {
	    mpi_add_ui(g, g, 1);
	    if( DBG_CIPHER ) {
		log_debug("checking g: ");
		mpi_print( stderr, g, 1 );
	    }
	    else
		progress('^');
	    for(i=0; i < n+2; i++ ) {
		/*fputc('~', stderr);*/
		mpi_fdiv_q(tmp, pmin1, factors[i] );
		/* (no mpi_pow(), but it is okay to use this with mod prime) */
		mpi_powm(b, g, tmp, prime );
		if( !mpi_cmp_ui(b, 1) )
		    break;
	    }
	    if( DBG_CIPHER )
		progress('\n');
	} while( i < n+2 );
	mpi_free(factors[n+1]);
	mpi_free(tmp);
	mpi_free(b);
	mpi_free(pmin1);
    }
    if( !DBG_CIPHER )
	progress('\n');

    m_free( factors );	/* (factors are shallow copies) */
    for(i=0; i < m; i++ )
	mpi_free( pool[i] );
    m_free( pool );
    m_free(perms);
    mpi_free(val_2);
    mpi_free(q);
    return prime;
}