static void wrapValue(CodeGenerator &cg, AnalysisResultPtr ar,
                      ExpressionPtr exp, bool ref, bool array, bool varnr) {
  bool close = false;
  if (ref) {
    cg_printf("ref(");
    close = true;
  } else if (array && !exp->hasCPPTemp() &&
             !exp->isTemporary() && !exp->isScalar() &&
             exp->getActualType() && !exp->getActualType()->isPrimitive() &&
             exp->getActualType()->getKindOf() != Type::KindOfString) {
    cg_printf("wrap_variant(");
    close = true;
  } else if (varnr && exp->getCPPType()->isExactType()) {
    bool isScalar = exp->isScalar();
    if (!isScalar || !Option::UseScalarVariant) {
      cg_printf("VarNR(");
      close = true;
    } else if (isScalar) {
      ASSERT(!cg.hasScalarVariant());
      cg.setScalarVariant();
    }
  }
  exp->outputCPP(cg, ar);
  cg.clearScalarVariant();
  if (close) cg_printf(")");
}
int BinaryOpExpression::getConcatList(ExpressionPtrVec &ev, ExpressionPtr exp,
                                      bool &hasVoid) {
  if (!exp->hasCPPTemp()) {
    if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfUnaryOpExpression)) {
      UnaryOpExpressionPtr u = static_pointer_cast<UnaryOpExpression>(exp);
      if (u->getOp() == '(') {
        return getConcatList(ev, u->getExpression(), hasVoid);
      }
    } else if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfBinaryOpExpression)) {
      BinaryOpExpressionPtr b = static_pointer_cast<BinaryOpExpression>(exp);
      if (b->getOp() == '.') {
        return getConcatList(ev, b->getExp1(), hasVoid) +
          getConcatList(ev, b->getExp2(), hasVoid);
      }
    } else if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfEncapsListExpression)) {
      EncapsListExpressionPtr e =
        static_pointer_cast<EncapsListExpression>(exp);
      if (e->getType() != '`') {
        ExpressionListPtr el = e->getExpressions();
        int num = 0;
        for (int i = 0, s = el->getCount(); i < s; i++) {
          ExpressionPtr exp = (*el)[i];
          num += getConcatList(ev, exp, hasVoid);
        }
        return num;
      }
    }
  }

  ev.push_back(exp);
  bool isVoid = !exp->getActualType();
  hasVoid |= isVoid;
  return isVoid ? 0 : 1;
}
int BinaryOpExpression::getConcatList(ExpressionPtrVec &ev, ExpressionPtr exp,
                                      bool &hasVoid) {
  if (!exp->hasCPPTemp()) {
    if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfUnaryOpExpression)) {
      UnaryOpExpressionPtr u = static_pointer_cast<UnaryOpExpression>(exp);
      if (u->getOp() == '(') {
        return getConcatList(ev, u->getExpression(), hasVoid);
      }
    } else if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfBinaryOpExpression)) {
      BinaryOpExpressionPtr b = static_pointer_cast<BinaryOpExpression>(exp);
      if (b->getOp() == '.') {
        if (b->getExp1()->is(Expression::KindOfSimpleVariable) &&
            b->getExp1()->isLocalExprAltered() &&
            !b->getExp1()->hasCPPTemp() &&
            b->getExp2()->hasEffect() &&
            !b->getExp2()->hasCPPTemp()) {
          /*
            In this case, the simple variable must be evaluated
            after b->getExp2(). But when we output a concat list we
            explicitly order the expressions from left to right.
          */
        } else {
          return getConcatList(ev, b->getExp1(), hasVoid) +
            getConcatList(ev, b->getExp2(), hasVoid);
        }
      }
    } else if (exp->is(Expression::KindOfEncapsListExpression)) {
      EncapsListExpressionPtr e =
        static_pointer_cast<EncapsListExpression>(exp);
      if (e->getType() != '`') {
        ExpressionListPtr el = e->getExpressions();
        int num = 0;
        for (int i = 0, s = el->getCount(); i < s; i++) {
          ExpressionPtr exp = (*el)[i];
          num += getConcatList(ev, exp, hasVoid);
        }
        return num;
      }
    }
  } else if (!exp->getActualType()) {
    return 0;
  }

  ev.push_back(exp);
  bool isVoid = !exp->getActualType();
  hasVoid |= isVoid;
  return isVoid ? 0 : 1;
}
static void wrapValue(CodeGenerator &cg, AnalysisResultPtr ar,
                      ExpressionPtr exp, bool ref, bool array) {
  bool close = false;
  if (ref) {
    cg_printf("ref(");
    close = true;
  } else if (array && !exp->hasCPPTemp() &&
             !exp->isTemporary() && !exp->isScalar() &&
             exp->getActualType() && !exp->getActualType()->isPrimitive() &&
             exp->getActualType()->getKindOf() != Type::KindOfString) {
    cg_printf("wrap_variant(");
    close = true;
  }
  exp->outputCPP(cg, ar);
  if (close) cg_printf(")");
}
bool ExpressionList::preOutputCPP(CodeGenerator &cg, AnalysisResultPtr ar,
                                  int state) {
  if (m_kind == ListKindParam && !m_arrayElements) {
    return Expression::preOutputCPP(cg, ar, state|StashKidVars);
  }

  unsigned n = m_exps.size();
  bool inExpression = cg.inExpression();
  if (!inExpression && (state & FixOrder)) {
    return true;
  }

  cg.setInExpression(false);
  bool ret = false;
  if (m_arrayElements) {
    /*
     * would like to do:
     *  ret = Expression::preOutputCPP(cg, ar, state);
     * but icc has problems with the generated code.
     */
    ret = hasEffect();
  } else if (n > 1 && m_kind == ListKindLeft) {
    ret = true;
  } else {
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (m_exps[i]->preOutputCPP(cg, ar, 0)) {
        ret = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (!ret) {
      ExpressionPtr e = m_exps[n - 1];
      if (hasContext(LValue) && !hasAnyContext(RefValue|InvokeArgument) &&
          !(e->hasContext(LValue) &&
            !e->hasAnyContext(RefValue|InvokeArgument))) {
        ret = true;
      } else if (hasContext(RefValue) &&
                 !e->hasAllContext(LValue|ReturnContext) &&
                 !e->hasContext(RefValue)) {
        ret = true;
      }
    }
  }

  if (!inExpression) return ret;

  cg.setInExpression(true);
  if (!ret) {
    if (state & FixOrder) {
      preOutputStash(cg, ar, state);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  cg.wrapExpressionBegin();
  if (m_arrayElements) {
    setCPPTemp(genCPPTemp(cg, ar));
    outputCPPInternal(cg, ar, true, true);
  } else {
    unsigned ix = isUnused() ? (unsigned)-1 :
      m_kind == ListKindLeft ? 0 : n - 1;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      ExpressionPtr e = m_exps[i];
      e->preOutputCPP(cg, ar, i == ix ? state : 0);
      if (i != ix) {
        if (e->outputCPPUnneeded(cg, ar)) {
          cg_printf(";\n");
        }
        e->setCPPTemp("/**/");
        continue;
      }
      /*
        We inlined a by-value function into the rhs of a by-ref assignment.
      */
      bool noRef = hasContext(RefValue) &&
        !e->hasAllContext(LValue|ReturnContext) &&
        !e->hasContext(RefValue) &&
        !e->isTemporary() &&
        Type::IsMappedToVariant(e->getActualType());
      /*
        If we need a non-const reference, but the expression is
        going to generate a const reference, fix it
      */
      bool lvSwitch =
        hasContext(LValue) && !hasAnyContext(RefValue|InvokeArgument) &&
        !(e->hasContext(LValue) &&
          !e->hasAnyContext(RefValue|InvokeArgument));

      if (e->hasAllContext(LValue|ReturnContext) && i + 1 == n) {
        e->clearContext(ReturnContext);
      }

      if (noRef || lvSwitch || (!i && n > 1)) {
        e->Expression::preOutputStash(cg, ar, state | FixOrder | StashAll);
        if (!(state & FixOrder)) {
          cg_printf("id(%s);\n", e->cppTemp().c_str());
        }
      }
      if (e->hasCPPTemp() &&
          Type::SameType(e->getGenType(), getGenType())) {
        string t = e->cppTemp();
        if (noRef) {
          cg_printf("CVarRef %s_nr = wrap_variant(%s);\n",
                    t.c_str(), t.c_str());
          t += "_nr";
        }

        if (lvSwitch) {
          cg_printf("Variant &%s_lv = const_cast<Variant&>(%s);\n",
                    t.c_str(), t.c_str());
          t += "_lv";
        }
        setCPPTemp(t);
      }
    }
  }
  return true;
}
bool ExpressionList::preOutputCPP(CodeGenerator &cg, AnalysisResultPtr ar,
                                  int state) {
  if (m_kind == ListKindParam && !m_arrayElements) {
    return Expression::preOutputCPP(cg, ar, state|StashKidVars);
  }

  unsigned n = m_exps.size();
  bool inExpression = cg.inExpression();
  if (!inExpression && (state & FixOrder)) {
    return true;
  }

  cg.setInExpression(false);
  bool ret = false;
  if (m_arrayElements) {
    /*
     * would like to do:
     *  ret = Expression::preOutputCPP(cg, ar, state);
     * but icc has problems with the generated code.
     */
    ret = hasEffect();
  } else if (n > 1 && m_kind == ListKindLeft) {
    ret = true;
  } else {
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      if (m_exps[i]->preOutputCPP(cg, ar, 0)) {
        ret = true;
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  if (!inExpression) return ret;

  cg.setInExpression(true);
  if (!ret) {
    if (state & FixOrder) {
      preOutputStash(cg, ar, state);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  cg.wrapExpressionBegin();
  if (m_arrayElements) {
    setCPPTemp(genCPPTemp(cg, ar));
    outputCPPInternal(cg, ar, true, true);
  } else {
    unsigned ix = m_kind == ListKindLeft ? 0 : n - 1;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      ExpressionPtr e = m_exps[i];
      e->preOutputCPP(cg, ar, i == ix ? state : 0);
      if (i != ix) {
        if (e->outputCPPUnneeded(cg, ar)) {
          cg_printf(";\n");
        }
        e->setCPPTemp("/**/");
      } else if (e->hasCPPTemp() && Type::SameType(e->getType(), getType())) {
        setCPPTemp(e->cppTemp());
      } else if (!i && n > 1) {
        e->Expression::preOutputStash(cg, ar, state | FixOrder);
        if (!(state & FixOrder)) {
          cg_printf("id(%s);\n", e->cppTemp().c_str());
        }
        setCPPTemp(e->cppTemp());
      }
    }
  }
  return true;
}
void BinaryOpExpression::outputCPPImpl(CodeGenerator &cg,
                                       AnalysisResultPtr ar) {

    if (isOpEqual() && outputCPPImplOpEqual(cg, ar)) return;

    bool wrapped = true;
    switch (m_op) {
    case T_CONCAT_EQUAL:
        if (const char *prefix = stringBufferPrefix(cg, ar, m_exp1)) {
            SimpleVariablePtr sv = static_pointer_cast<SimpleVariable>(m_exp1);
            ExpressionPtrVec ev;
            bool hasVoid = false;
            getConcatList(ev, m_exp2, hasVoid);
            cg_printf("%s", stringBufferName(Option::TempPrefix, prefix,
                                             sv->getName().c_str()).c_str());
            outputStringBufExprs(ev, cg, ar);
            return;
        }
        cg_printf("concat_assign");
        break;
    case '.':
    {
        ExpressionPtr self = static_pointer_cast<Expression>(shared_from_this());
        ExpressionPtrVec ev;
        bool hasVoid = false;
        int num = getConcatList(ev, self, hasVoid);
        assert(!hasVoid);
        if (num <= MAX_CONCAT_ARGS) {
            assert(num >= 2);
            if (num == 2) {
                cg_printf("concat(");
            } else {
                if (num > MAX_CONCAT_ARGS) ar->m_concatLengths.insert(num);
                cg_printf("concat%d(", num);
            }
            for (size_t i = 0; i < ev.size(); i++) {
                ExpressionPtr exp = ev[i];
                if (i) cg_printf(", ");
                outputStringExpr(cg, ar, exp, false);
            }
            cg_printf(")");
        } else {
            cg_printf("StringBuffer()");
            outputStringBufExprs(ev, cg, ar);
            cg_printf(".detach()");
        }
    }
    return;
    case T_LOGICAL_XOR:
        cg_printf("logical_xor");
        break;
    case '|':
        cg_printf("bitwise_or");
        break;
    case '&':
        cg_printf("bitwise_and");
        break;
    case '^':
        cg_printf("bitwise_xor");
        break;
    case T_IS_IDENTICAL:
        cg_printf("same");
        break;
    case T_IS_NOT_IDENTICAL:
        cg_printf("!same");
        break;
    case T_IS_EQUAL:
        cg_printf("equal");
        break;
    case T_IS_NOT_EQUAL:
        cg_printf("!equal");
        break;
    case '<':
        cg_printf("less");
        break;
    case T_IS_SMALLER_OR_EQUAL:
        cg_printf("not_more");
        break;
    case '>':
        cg_printf("more");
        break;
    case T_IS_GREATER_OR_EQUAL:
        cg_printf("not_less");
        break;
    case '/':
        cg_printf("divide");
        break;
    case '%':
        cg_printf("modulo");
        break;
    case T_INSTANCEOF:
        cg_printf("instanceOf");
        break;
    default:
        wrapped = !isUnused();
        break;
    }

    if (wrapped) cg_printf("(");

    ExpressionPtr first = m_exp1;
    ExpressionPtr second = m_exp2;

    // we could implement these functions natively on String and Array classes
    switch (m_op) {
    case '+':
    case '-':
    case '*':
    case '/':
        if (!first->outputCPPArithArg(cg, ar, m_op == '+')) {
            TypePtr argType = first->hasCPPTemp() ?
                              first->getType() : first->getActualType();
            bool flag = castIfNeeded(getActualType(), argType, cg, ar, getScope());
            first->outputCPP(cg, ar);
            if (flag) {
                cg_printf(")");
            }
        }
        break;
    case T_SL:
    case T_SR:
        ASSERT(first->getType()->is(Type::KindOfInt64));
        first->outputCPP(cg, ar);
        break;
    default:
        first->outputCPP(cg, ar);
        break;
    }

    switch (m_op) {
    case T_PLUS_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" += ");
        break;
    case T_MINUS_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" -= ");
        break;
    case T_MUL_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" *= ");
        break;
    case T_DIV_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" /= ");
        break;
    case T_MOD_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" %%= ");
        break;
    case T_AND_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" &= ");
        break;
    case T_OR_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" |= ");
        break;
    case T_XOR_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" ^= ");
        break;
    case T_SL_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" <<= ");
        break;
    case T_SR_EQUAL:
        cg_printf(" >>= ");
        break;
    case T_BOOLEAN_OR:
        cg_printf(" || ");
        break;
    case T_BOOLEAN_AND:
        cg_printf(" && ");
        break;
    case T_LOGICAL_OR:
        cg_printf(" || ");
        break;
    case T_LOGICAL_AND:
        cg_printf(" && ");
        break;
    default:
        switch (m_op) {
        case '+':
            cg_printf(" + ");
            break;
        case '-':
            cg_printf(" - ");
            break;
        case '*':
            cg_printf(" * ");
            break;
        case T_SL:
            cg_printf(" << ");
            break;
        case T_SR:
            cg_printf(" >> ");
            break;
        default:
            cg_printf(", ");
            break;
        }
        break;
    }

    switch (m_op) {
    case '+':
    case '-':
    case '*':
    case '/':
        if (!second->outputCPPArithArg(cg, ar, m_op == '+')) {
            TypePtr argType = second->hasCPPTemp() ?
                              second->getType() : second->getActualType();
            bool flag = castIfNeeded(getActualType(), argType, cg, ar, getScope());
            second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
            if (flag) {
                cg_printf(")");
            }
        }
        break;
    case T_INSTANCEOF:
    {
        if (second->isScalar()) {
            ScalarExpressionPtr scalar =
                dynamic_pointer_cast<ScalarExpression>(second);
            bool notQuoted = scalar && !scalar->isQuoted();
            std::string s = second->getLiteralString();
            if (s == "static" && notQuoted) {
                cg_printf("FrameInjection::GetStaticClassName(fi.getThreadInfo())");
            } else if (s != "") {
                if (s == "self" && notQuoted) {
                    ClassScopeRawPtr cls = getOriginalClass();
                    if (cls) {
                        s = cls->getOriginalName();
                    }
                } else if (s == "parent" && notQuoted) {
                    ClassScopeRawPtr cls = getOriginalClass();
                    if (cls && !cls->getParent().empty()) {
                        s = cls->getParent();
                    }
                }
                cg_printString(s, ar, shared_from_this());
            } else {
                second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
            }
        } else {
            second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
        }
        break;
    }
    case T_PLUS_EQUAL:
    case T_MINUS_EQUAL:
    case T_MUL_EQUAL:
    {
        TypePtr t1 = first->getCPPType();
        TypePtr t2 = second->getType();
        if (t1 && !t1->is(Type::KindOfArray) &&
                t2 && Type::IsCastNeeded(ar, t2, t1)) {
            t1->outputCPPCast(cg, ar, getScope());
            cg_printf("(");
            second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
            cg_printf(")");
        } else {
            second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
        }
        break;
    }
    case T_BOOLEAN_OR:
    case T_BOOLEAN_AND:
    case T_LOGICAL_AND:
    case T_LOGICAL_OR:
        if (isUnused()) {
            cg_printf("(");
            if (second->outputCPPUnneeded(cg, ar)) {
                cg_printf(",");
            }
            cg_printf("false)");
        } else {
            second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
        }
        break;
    default:
        second->outputCPP(cg, ar);
    }

    if (wrapped) cg_printf(")");
}