// ========================================================================
void process_surface_entity(const Ioss::SideSet* sset ,
                            stk::mesh::BulkData & bulk)
{
    assert(sset->type() == Ioss::SIDESET);

    const stk::mesh::MetaData& meta = stk::mesh::MetaData::get(bulk);
    const stk::mesh::EntityRank element_rank = stk::topology::ELEMENT_RANK;

    int block_count = sset->block_count();
    for (int i=0; i < block_count; i++) {
        Ioss::SideBlock *block = sset->get_block(i);
        if (stk::io::include_entity(block)) {
            std::vector<int> side_ids ;
            std::vector<int> elem_side ;

            stk::mesh::Part * const side_block_part = meta.get_part(block->name());
            stk::mesh::EntityRank side_rank = side_block_part->primary_entity_rank();

            block->get_field_data("ids", side_ids);
            block->get_field_data("element_side", elem_side);

            assert(side_ids.size() * 2 == elem_side.size());
            stk::mesh::PartVector add_parts( 1 , side_block_part );

            size_t side_count = side_ids.size();
            std::vector<stk::mesh::Entity> sides(side_count);
            for(size_t is=0; is<side_count; ++is) {

                stk::mesh::Entity const elem = bulk.get_entity(element_rank, elem_side[is*2]);

                // If NULL, then the element was probably assigned to an
                // element block that appears in the database, but was
                // subsetted out of the analysis mesh. Only process if
                // non-null.
                if (bulk.is_valid(elem)) {
                    // Ioss uses 1-based side ordinal, stk::mesh uses 0-based.
                    // Hence the '-1' in the following line.
                    int side_ordinal = elem_side[is*2+1] - 1 ;

                    stk::mesh::Entity side = stk::mesh::Entity();
                    if (side_rank == 2) {
                        side = stk::mesh::declare_element_side(bulk, side_ids[is], elem, side_ordinal);
                    } else {
                        side = stk::mesh::declare_element_edge(bulk, side_ids[is], elem, side_ordinal);
                    }
                    bulk.change_entity_parts( side, add_parts );
                    sides[is] = side;
                } else {
                    sides[is] = stk::mesh::Entity();
                }
            }

            const stk::mesh::FieldBase *df_field = stk::io::get_distribution_factor_field(*side_block_part);

            if (df_field != NULL) {
                stk::io::field_data_from_ioss(bulk, df_field, sides, block, "distribution_factors");
            }
        }
    }
}
inline void deactivate_elements(const stk::mesh::EntityVector &deactivated_elems, stk::mesh::BulkData &bulkData, stk::mesh::Part& active)
{
    bulkData.modification_begin();

    for(size_t i = 0; i < deactivated_elems.size(); ++i)
    {
        bulkData.change_entity_parts(deactivated_elems[i], stk::mesh::PartVector(), stk::mesh::PartVector(1, &active));
    }

    bulkData.modification_end();
}
void addNodesToPart(
    const Teuchos::ArrayView<const stk::mesh::EntityId> &nodeIds,
    stk::mesh::Part &samplePart,
    stk::mesh::BulkData& bulkData)
{
  const stk::mesh::PartVector samplePartVec(1, &samplePart);
  const stk::mesh::Selector locallyOwned = stk::mesh::MetaData::get(bulkData).locally_owned_part();

  BulkModification mod(bulkData);
  typedef Teuchos::ArrayView<const stk::mesh::EntityId>::const_iterator Iter;
  for (Iter it = nodeIds.begin(), it_end = nodeIds.end(); it != it_end; ++it) {
    stk::mesh::Entity node = bulkData.get_entity(stk::topology::NODE_RANK, *it);
    if (bulkData.is_valid(node) && locallyOwned(bulkData.bucket(node))) {
      bulkData.change_entity_parts(node, samplePartVec);
    }
  }
}
void addNodesToPart(
    const Teuchos::ArrayView<const stk::mesh::EntityId> &nodeIds,
    stk::mesh::Part &samplePart,
    stk::mesh::BulkData& bulkData)
{
  const stk::mesh::EntityRank nodeEntityRank(0);
  const stk::mesh::PartVector samplePartVec(1, &samplePart);
  const stk::mesh::Selector locallyOwned = stk::mesh::MetaData::get(bulkData).locally_owned_part();

  BulkModification mod(bulkData);
  typedef Teuchos::ArrayView<const stk::mesh::EntityId>::const_iterator Iter;
  for (Iter it = nodeIds.begin(), it_end = nodeIds.end(); it != it_end; ++it) {
    const Teuchos::Ptr<stk::mesh::Entity> node(bulkData.get_entity(nodeEntityRank, *it));
    if (Teuchos::nonnull(node) && locallyOwned(*node)) {
      bulkData.change_entity_parts(*node, samplePartVec);
    }
  }
}