/*
* Create a partition table
* See http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739412.aspx for some background info
* NB: if you modify the MBR outside of using the Windows API, Windows still uses the cached
* copy it got from the last IOCTL, and ignores your changes until you replug the drive
* or issue an IOCTL_DISK_UPDATE_PROPERTIES.
*/
BOOL CreatePartition(HANDLE hDrive, int partition_style, int file_system, BOOL mbr_uefi_marker, uint8_t extra_partitions)
{
const char* PartitionTypeName[2] = { "MBR", "GPT" };
unsigned char* buffer;
size_t uefi_ntfs_size = 0;
CREATE_DISK CreateDisk = {PARTITION_STYLE_RAW, {{0}}};
DRIVE_LAYOUT_INFORMATION_EX4 DriveLayoutEx = {0};
BOOL r;
DWORD i, size, bufsize, pn = 0;
LONGLONG main_part_size_in_sectors, extra_part_size_in_tracks = 0, ms_efi_size;
const LONGLONG bytes_per_track = ((LONGLONG)SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack) * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
PrintInfoDebug(0, MSG_238, PartitionTypeName[partition_style]);
if (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS) {
uefi_ntfs_size = GetResourceSize(hMainInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCEA(IDR_UEFI_NTFS), _RT_RCDATA, "uefi-ntfs.img");
if (uefi_ntfs_size == 0)
return FALSE;
}
// Compute the start offset of our first partition
if ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT) || (!IsChecked(IDC_EXTRA_PARTITION))) {
// Go with the MS 1 MB wastage at the beginning...
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset.QuadPart = MB;
} else {
// Align on Cylinder
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset.QuadPart = bytes_per_track;
}
// If required, set the MSR partition (GPT only - must be created before the data part)
if ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT) && (extra_partitions & XP_MSR)) {
uprintf("Adding MSR partition");
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].PartitionLength.QuadPart = 128*MB;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionType = PARTITION_MSFT_RESERVED_GUID;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionId));
// coverity[strcpy_overrun]
wcscpy(DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.Name, L"Microsoft reserved partition");
// We must zero the beginning of this partition, else we get FAT leftovers and stuff
if (SetFilePointerEx(hDrive, DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN)) {
bufsize = 65536; // 64K should be enough for everyone
buffer = calloc(bufsize, 1);
if (buffer != NULL) {
if (!WriteFileWithRetry(hDrive, buffer, bufsize, &size, WRITE_RETRIES))
uprintf(" Could not zero MSR: %s", WindowsErrorString());
free(buffer);
}
}
pn++;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset.QuadPart = DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn-1].StartingOffset.QuadPart +
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn-1].PartitionLength.QuadPart;
}
// Set our main data partition
main_part_size_in_sectors = (SelectedDrive.DiskSize - DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset.QuadPart) /
// Need 33 sectors at the end for secondary GPT
SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector - ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT)?33:0);
if (main_part_size_in_sectors <= 0)
return FALSE;
// Adjust the size according to extra partitions (which we always align to a track)
if (extra_partitions) {
uprintf("Adding extra partition");
if (extra_partitions & XP_EFI) {
// The size of the EFI partition depends on the minimum size we're able to format in FAT32,
// which in turn depends on the cluster size used, which in turn depends on the disk sector size.
if (SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector <= 1024)
ms_efi_size = 100*MB;
else if (SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector <= 4096)
ms_efi_size = 300*MB;
else
ms_efi_size = 1200*MB; // That'll teach you to have a nonstandard disk!
extra_part_size_in_tracks = (ms_efi_size + bytes_per_track - 1) / bytes_per_track;
} else if (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS)
extra_part_size_in_tracks = (MIN_EXTRA_PART_SIZE + bytes_per_track - 1) / bytes_per_track;
else if (extra_partitions & XP_COMPAT)
extra_part_size_in_tracks = 1; // One track for the extra partition
uprintf("Reserved %" PRIi64" tracks (%s) for extra partition", extra_part_size_in_tracks,
SizeToHumanReadable(extra_part_size_in_tracks * bytes_per_track, TRUE, FALSE));
main_part_size_in_sectors = ((main_part_size_in_sectors / SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack) -
extra_part_size_in_tracks) * SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack;
if (main_part_size_in_sectors <= 0)
return FALSE;
}
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].PartitionLength.QuadPart = main_part_size_in_sectors * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
if (partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_MBR) {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.BootIndicator = IsChecked(IDC_BOOT);
switch (file_system) {
case FS_FAT16:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x0e; // FAT16 LBA
break;
case FS_NTFS:
case FS_EXFAT:
case FS_UDF:
case FS_REFS:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x07;
break;
case FS_FAT32:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x0c; // FAT32 LBA
break;
default:
uprintf("Unsupported file system\n");
return FALSE;
}
} else {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionType = PARTITION_BASIC_DATA_GUID;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionId));
wcscpy(DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.Name, L"Microsoft Basic Data");
}
pn++;
// Set the optional extra partition
if (extra_partitions) {
// Should end on a track boundary
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset.QuadPart = DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn-1].StartingOffset.QuadPart +
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn-1].PartitionLength.QuadPart;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].PartitionLength.QuadPart = (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS)?uefi_ntfs_size:
extra_part_size_in_tracks * SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
if (partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT) {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionType = (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS)?
PARTITION_BASIC_DATA_GUID:PARTITION_SYSTEM_GUID;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.PartitionId));
wcscpy(DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Gpt.Name, (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS)?L"UEFI:NTFS":L"EFI system partition");
} else {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.PartitionType = (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS)?0xef:RUFUS_EXTRA_PARTITION_TYPE;
if (extra_partitions & XP_COMPAT)
// Set the one track compatibility partition to be all hidden sectors
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].Mbr.HiddenSectors = SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack;
}
// We need to write the UEFI:NTFS partition before we refresh the disk
if (extra_partitions & XP_UEFI_NTFS) {
uprintf("Writing UEFI:NTFS partition...");
if (!SetFilePointerEx(hDrive, DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[pn].StartingOffset, NULL, FILE_BEGIN)) {
uprintf("Unable to set position");
return FALSE;
}
buffer = GetResource(hMainInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCEA(IDR_UEFI_NTFS), _RT_RCDATA, "uefi-ntfs.img", &bufsize, FALSE);
if (buffer == NULL) {
uprintf("Could not access uefi-ntfs.img");
return FALSE;
}
if(!WriteFileWithRetry(hDrive, buffer, bufsize, &size, WRITE_RETRIES)) {
uprintf("Write error: %s", WindowsErrorString());
return FALSE;
}
}
pn++;
}
// Initialize the remaining partition data
for (i = 0; i < pn; i++) {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[i].PartitionNumber = i+1;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[i].PartitionStyle = partition_style;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[i].RewritePartition = TRUE;
}
switch (partition_style) {
case PARTITION_STYLE_MBR:
CreateDisk.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
// If MBR+UEFI is selected, write an UEFI marker in lieu of the regular MBR signature.
// This helps us reselect the partition scheme option that was used when creating the
// drive in Rufus. As far as I can tell, Windows doesn't care much if this signature
// isn't unique for USB drives.
CreateDisk.Mbr.Signature = mbr_uefi_marker?MBR_UEFI_MARKER:(DWORD)_GetTickCount64();
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionCount = 4; // Must be multiple of 4 for MBR
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Mbr.Signature = CreateDisk.Mbr.Signature;
// TODO: CHS fixup (32 sectors/track) through a cheat mode, if requested
// NB: disk geometry is computed by BIOS & co. by finding a match between LBA and CHS value of first partition
// ms-sys's write_partition_number_of_heads() and write_partition_start_sector_number() can be used if needed
break;
case PARTITION_STYLE_GPT:
// TODO: (?) As per MSDN: "When specifying a GUID partition table (GPT) as the PARTITION_STYLE of the CREATE_DISK
// structure, an application should wait for the MSR partition arrival before sending the IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT_EX
// control code. For more information about device notification, see RegisterDeviceNotification."
CreateDisk.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_GPT;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&CreateDisk.Gpt.DiskId));
CreateDisk.Gpt.MaxPartitionCount = MAX_GPT_PARTITIONS;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_GPT;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionCount = pn;
// At the very least, a GPT disk has 34 reserved sectors at the beginning and 33 at the end.
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.StartingUsableOffset.QuadPart = 34 * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.UsableLength.QuadPart = SelectedDrive.DiskSize - (34+33) * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.MaxPartitionCount = MAX_GPT_PARTITIONS;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.DiskId = CreateDisk.Gpt.DiskId;
break;
}
// If you don't call IOCTL_DISK_CREATE_DISK, the next call will fail
size = sizeof(CreateDisk);
r = DeviceIoControl(hDrive, IOCTL_DISK_CREATE_DISK, (BYTE*)&CreateDisk, size, NULL, 0, &size, NULL );
if (!r) {
uprintf("Could not reset disk: %s\n", WindowsErrorString());
return FALSE;
}
size = sizeof(DriveLayoutEx) - ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT)?((4-pn)*sizeof(PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX)):0);
r = DeviceIoControl(hDrive, IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT_EX, (BYTE*)&DriveLayoutEx, size, NULL, 0, &size, NULL );
if (!r) {
uprintf("Could not set drive layout: %s\n", WindowsErrorString());
return FALSE;
}
if (!RefreshDriveLayout(hDrive))
return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Create a partition table
* See http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc739412.aspx for some background info
* NB: if you modify the MBR outside of using the Windows API, Windows still uses the cached
* copy it got from the last IOCTL, and ignores your changes until you replug the drive
* or issue an IOCTL_DISK_UPDATE_PROPERTIES.
*/
BOOL CreatePartition(HANDLE hDrive, int partition_style, int file_system, BOOL mbr_uefi_marker)
{
const char* PartitionTypeName[2] = { "MBR", "GPT" };
CREATE_DISK CreateDisk = {PARTITION_STYLE_RAW, {{0}}};
DRIVE_LAYOUT_INFORMATION_EX4 DriveLayoutEx = {0};
BOOL r;
DWORD size;
LONGLONG size_in_sectors;
PrintStatus(0, TRUE, MSG_238, PartitionTypeName[partition_style]);
if ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT) || (!IsChecked(IDC_EXTRA_PARTITION))) {
// Go with the MS 1 MB wastage at the beginning...
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart = 1024*1024;
} else {
// Align on Cylinder
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart =
SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector * SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack;
}
// TODO: should we try to align the following to the cluster size as well?
size_in_sectors = (SelectedDrive.DiskSize - DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart) / SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
switch (partition_style) {
case PARTITION_STYLE_MBR:
CreateDisk.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
// If MBR+UEFI is selected, write an UEFI marker in lieu of the regular MBR signature.
// This helps us reselect the partition scheme option that was used when creating the
// drive in Rufus. As far as I can tell, Windows doesn't care much if this signature
// isn't unique for USB drives.
CreateDisk.Mbr.Signature = mbr_uefi_marker?MBR_UEFI_MARKER:GetTickCount();
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionCount = 4; // Must be multiple of 4 for MBR
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Mbr.Signature = CreateDisk.Mbr.Signature;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
// TODO: CHS fixup (32 sectors/track) through a cheat mode, if requested
// NB: disk geometry is computed by BIOS & co. by finding a match between LBA and CHS value of first partition
// ms-sys's write_partition_number_of_heads() and write_partition_start_sector_number() can be used if needed
// Align on sector boundary if the extra part option is checked
if (IsChecked(IDC_EXTRA_PARTITION)) {
size_in_sectors = ((size_in_sectors / SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack)-1) * SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack;
if (size_in_sectors <= 0)
return FALSE;
}
break;
case PARTITION_STYLE_GPT:
// TODO: (?) As per MSDN: "When specifying a GUID partition table (GPT) as the PARTITION_STYLE of the CREATE_DISK
// structure, an application should wait for the MSR partition arrival before sending the IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT_EX
// control code. For more information about device notification, see RegisterDeviceNotification."
CreateDisk.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_GPT;
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&CreateDisk.Gpt.DiskId));
CreateDisk.Gpt.MaxPartitionCount = MAX_GPT_PARTITIONS;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_GPT;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionCount = 1;
// At the very least, a GPT disk has 34 reserved sectors at the beginning and 33 at the end.
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.StartingUsableOffset.QuadPart = 34 * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.UsableLength.QuadPart = SelectedDrive.DiskSize - (34+33) * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.MaxPartitionCount = MAX_GPT_PARTITIONS;
DriveLayoutEx.Type.Gpt.DiskId = CreateDisk.Gpt.DiskId;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_GPT;
size_in_sectors -= 33; // Need 33 sectors at the end for secondary GPT
break;
default:
break;
}
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].PartitionLength.QuadPart = size_in_sectors * SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].PartitionNumber = 1;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].RewritePartition = TRUE;
switch (partition_style) {
case PARTITION_STYLE_MBR:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Mbr.BootIndicator = IsChecked(IDC_BOOT);
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Mbr.HiddenSectors = SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack;
switch (file_system) {
case FS_FAT16:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x0e; // FAT16 LBA
break;
case FS_NTFS:
case FS_EXFAT:
case FS_UDF:
case FS_REFS:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x07;
break;
case FS_FAT32:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Mbr.PartitionType = 0x0c; // FAT32 LBA
break;
default:
uprintf("Unsupported file system\n");
return FALSE;
}
// Create an extra partition on request - can improve BIOS detection as HDD for older BIOSes
if (IsChecked(IDC_EXTRA_PARTITION)) {
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].PartitionStyle = PARTITION_STYLE_MBR;
// Should end on a sector boundary
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].StartingOffset.QuadPart = DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].StartingOffset.QuadPart +
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].PartitionLength.QuadPart;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].PartitionLength.QuadPart = SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack*SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].PartitionNumber = 2;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].RewritePartition = TRUE;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].Mbr.BootIndicator = FALSE;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].Mbr.HiddenSectors = SelectedDrive.Geometry.SectorsPerTrack*SelectedDrive.Geometry.BytesPerSector;
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[1].Mbr.PartitionType = RUFUS_EXTRA_PARTITION_TYPE;
}
// For the remaining partitions, PartitionStyle & PartitionType have already
// been zeroed => already set to MBR/unused
break;
case PARTITION_STYLE_GPT:
DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Gpt.PartitionType = PARTITION_BASIC_DATA_GUID;
wcscpy(DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Gpt.Name, L"Microsoft Basic Data");
IGNORE_RETVAL(CoCreateGuid(&DriveLayoutEx.PartitionEntry[0].Gpt.PartitionId));
break;
default:
break;
}
// If you don't call IOCTL_DISK_CREATE_DISK, the next call will fail
size = sizeof(CreateDisk);
r = DeviceIoControl(hDrive, IOCTL_DISK_CREATE_DISK,
(BYTE*)&CreateDisk, size, NULL, 0, &size, NULL );
if (!r) {
uprintf("Could not reset disk: %s\n", WindowsErrorString());
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
return FALSE;
}
size = sizeof(DriveLayoutEx) - ((partition_style == PARTITION_STYLE_GPT)?(3*sizeof(PARTITION_INFORMATION_EX)):0);
r = DeviceIoControl(hDrive, IOCTL_DISK_SET_DRIVE_LAYOUT_EX,
(BYTE*)&DriveLayoutEx, size, NULL, 0, &size, NULL );
if (!r) {
uprintf("Could not set drive layout: %s\n", WindowsErrorString());
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
return FALSE;
}
if (!RefreshDriveLayout(hDrive)) {
safe_closehandle(hDrive);
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
