//second argument unused
//rectract with step size
//first used to avoid computation repetition
arma::mat fixRank::retract(double stepSize, std::string method,
bool first){
arma::mat S,Us,Vs;
arma::vec Sigma_s;
bool conv;
Yt=Y;
if(first){
conv=arma::qr_econ(Qu,Ru,Up_desc);
if(!conv) return Y;
conv=arma::qr_econ(Qv,Rv,Vp_desc);
if(!conv) return Y;
}
S=arma::mat(2*r,2*r,arma::fill::zeros);
S(arma::span(0,r-1),arma::span(0,r-1))=arma::diagmat(Sigma)+M_desc*stepSize;
S(arma::span(r,2*r-1),arma::span(0,r-1))=Ru*stepSize;
S(arma::span(0,r-1),arma::span(r,2*r-1))=Rv.t()*stepSize;
conv=arma::svd_econ(Us,Sigma_s,Vs,S);
if(!conv) return Y;
Sigma_t=Sigma_s(arma::span(0,r-1));
Ut=U*Us(arma::span(0,r-1),arma::span(0,r-1))+Qu*Us(arma::span(r,2*r-1),arma::span(0,r-1));
Vt=V*Vs(arma::span(0,r-1),arma::span(0,r-1))+Qv*Vs(arma::span(r,2*r-1),arma::span(0,r-1));
Yt=Ut*arma::diagmat(Sigma_t)*Vt.t();
return Yt;
}
Foam::syringePressureFvPatchScalarField::syringePressureFvPatchScalarField
(
const fvPatch& p,
const DimensionedField<scalar, volMesh>& iF,
const dictionary& dict
)
:
fixedValueFvPatchScalarField(p, iF),
Ap_(readScalar(dict.lookup("Ap"))),
Sp_(readScalar(dict.lookup("Sp"))),
VsI_(readScalar(dict.lookup("VsI"))),
tas_(readScalar(dict.lookup("tas"))),
tae_(readScalar(dict.lookup("tae"))),
tds_(readScalar(dict.lookup("tds"))),
tde_(readScalar(dict.lookup("tde"))),
psI_(readScalar(dict.lookup("psI"))),
psi_(readScalar(dict.lookup("psi"))),
ams_(readScalar(dict.lookup("ams"))),
ams0_(ams_),
phiName_(dict.lookupOrDefault<word>("phi", "phi")),
curTimeIndex_(-1)
{
scalar ps = (psI_*VsI_ + ams_/psi_)/Vs(db().time().value());
fvPatchField<scalar>::operator=(ps);
}
void syringePressureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()
{
if (updated())
{
return;
}
if (curTimeIndex_ != db().time().timeIndex())
{
ams0_ = ams_;
curTimeIndex_ = db().time().timeIndex();
}
scalar t = db().time().value();
scalar deltaT = db().time().deltaT().value();
const surfaceScalarField& phi = db().lookupObject<surfaceScalarField>
(
"phi"
);
const fvsPatchField<scalar>& phip =
patch().patchField<surfaceScalarField, scalar>(phi);
if (phi.dimensions() == dimVelocity*dimArea)
{
ams_ = ams0_ + deltaT*sum((*this*psi_)*phip);
}
else if (phi.dimensions() == dimDensity*dimVelocity*dimArea)
{
ams_ = ams0_ + deltaT*sum(phip);
}
else
{
FatalErrorIn("syringePressureFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs()")
<< "dimensions of phi are not correct"
<< "\n on patch " << this->patch().name()
<< " of field " << this->dimensionedInternalField().name()
<< " in file " << this->dimensionedInternalField().objectPath()
<< exit(FatalError);
}
scalar ps = (psI_*VsI_ + ams_/psi_)/Vs(t);
operator==(ps);
fixedValueFvPatchScalarField::updateCoeffs();
}
void BeetstraDrag::setForce() const
{
scale_=cg();
Info << "BeetstraDrag using scale from liggghts cg = " << scale_ << endl;
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu()/rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
scalar beta(0);
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar localPhiP(0);
scalar filterDragPrefactor(1.0);
scalar cCorrParcelSize_(1.0) ;
scalar vCell(0);
scalar FfFilterPrime(1);
scalar F0=0.;
scalar G0=0.;
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
Ufluid= vector(0,0,0);
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.00;
if(voidfraction<0.10) voidfraction = 0.10;
}
else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
dPrim_ = ds/scale_;
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
localPhiP = 1-voidfraction+SMALL;
vCell = U_.mesh().V()[cellI];
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = dPrim_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// 3 - C - 1 - In this section we could insert parameters
// or functions
// that come from a database
// calc model coefficient F0
F0 = 10.f * localPhiP / voidfraction / voidfraction
+ voidfraction * voidfraction * ( 1.0+1.5*sqrt(localPhiP) );
// calc model coefficient G0
G0 = 0.01720833 * Rep / voidfraction / voidfraction //0.0172083 = 0.413/24
* ( 1.0 / voidfraction + 3.0 * localPhiP * voidfraction + 8.4
* powf(Rep,-0.343) )
/ ( 1.0 + powf( 10., 3.0* localPhiP )
* powf( Rep,-(1.0+4.0*localPhiP)/2.0 ) );
// calc model coefficient beta
beta = 18.*nuf*rho/(dPrim_*dPrim_)
*voidfraction
*(F0 + G0);
//Apply filtered drag correction
if(useFilteredDragModel_)
{
FfFilterPrime = FfFilterFunc(
filtDragParamsLChar2_,
vCell,
0
);
filterDragPrefactor = 1 - fFuncFilteredDrag(FfFilterPrime, localPhiP)
* hFuncFilteredDrag(localPhiP);
beta *= filterDragPrefactor;
}
if(useParcelSizeDependentFilteredDrag_) //Apply filtered drag correction
{
scalar dParceldPrim = scale_;
cCorrParcelSize_ =
cCorrFunctionFilteredDrag(
filtDragParamsK_,
filtDragParamsALimit_,
filtDragParamsAExponent_,
localPhiP,
dParceldPrim
);
beta *= cCorrParcelSize_;
}
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs * beta * Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
// 3 - C - 2 - This is a standardized debug and report section
if( verbose_ ) //&& index>100 && index < 105)
{
Info << "index / cellI = " << index << tab << cellI << endl;
Info << "position = " << particleCloud_.position(index) << endl;
Info << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Info << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Info << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Info << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Info << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Info << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Info << "voidfraction_[cellI]: " << voidfraction_[cellI] << endl;
Info << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Info << "filterDragPrefactor = " << filterDragPrefactor << endl;
Info << "fFuncFilteredDrag: " << fFuncFilteredDrag(FfFilterPrime, localPhiP) << endl;
Info << "hFuncFilteredDrag: " << hFuncFilteredDrag(localPhiP) << endl;
Info << "cCorrParcelSize: " << cCorrParcelSize_ << endl;
Info << "F0 / G0: " << F0 << tab << G0 << endl;
Info << "beta: " << beta << endl;
Info << "drag = " << drag << endl;
Info << "\nBeetstra drag model settings: treatExplicit " << treatExplicit_ << tab
<< "verbose: " << verbose_ << tab
<< "dPrim: " << dPrim_ << tab
<< "interpolation: " << interpolation_ << tab
<< "filteredDragM: " << useFilteredDragModel_ << tab
<< "parcelSizeDepDrag: " << useParcelSizeDependentFilteredDrag_
<< endl << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(beta);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
sValues.append(filterDragPrefactor);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B")
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*beta/voidfraction;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*beta;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
}
inline
void
GenEigsSolver<eT, SelectionRule, OpType>::factorise_from(uword from_k, uword to_m, const Col<eT>& fk)
{
arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
if(to_m <= from_k) { return; }
fac_f = fk;
Col<eT> w(dim_n);
eT beta = norm(fac_f);
// Keep the upperleft k x k submatrix of H and set other elements to 0
fac_H.tail_cols(ncv - from_k).zeros();
fac_H.submat(span(from_k, ncv - 1), span(0, from_k - 1)).zeros();
for(uword i = from_k; i <= to_m - 1; i++)
{
bool restart = false;
// If beta = 0, then the next V is not full rank
// We need to generate a new residual vector that is orthogonal
// to the current V, which we call a restart
if(beta < eps)
{
// Generate new random vector for fac_f
blas_int idist = 2;
blas_int iseed[4] = {1, 3, 5, 7};
iseed[0] = (i + 100) % 4095;
blas_int n = dim_n;
lapack::larnv(&idist, iseed, &n, fac_f.memptr());
// f <- f - V * V' * f, so that f is orthogonal to V
Mat<eT> Vs(fac_V.memptr(), dim_n, i, false); // First i columns
Col<eT> Vf = Vs.t() * fac_f;
fac_f -= Vs * Vf;
// beta <- ||f||
beta = norm(fac_f);
restart = true;
}
// v <- f / ||f||
fac_V.col(i) = fac_f / beta; // The (i+1)-th column
// Note that H[i+1, i] equals to the unrestarted beta
if(restart) { fac_H(i, i - 1) = 0.0; } else { fac_H(i, i - 1) = beta; }
// w <- A * v, v = fac_V.col(i)
op.perform_op(fac_V.colptr(i), w.memptr());
nmatop++;
// First i+1 columns of V
Mat<eT> Vs(fac_V.memptr(), dim_n, i + 1, false);
// h = fac_H(0:i, i)
Col<eT> h(fac_H.colptr(i), i + 1, false);
// h <- V' * w
h = Vs.t() * w;
// f <- w - V * h
fac_f = w - Vs * h;
beta = norm(fac_f);
if(beta > 0.717 * norm(h)) { continue; }
// f/||f|| is going to be the next column of V, so we need to test
// whether V' * (f/||f||) ~= 0
Col<eT> Vf = Vs.t() * fac_f;
// If not, iteratively correct the residual
uword count = 0;
while(count < 5 && abs(Vf).max() > approx0 * beta)
{
// f <- f - V * Vf
fac_f -= Vs * Vf;
// h <- h + Vf
h += Vf;
// beta <- ||f||
beta = norm(fac_f);
Vf = Vs.t() * fac_f;
count++;
}
}
}
inline
void
GenEigsSolver<eT, SelectionRule, OpType>::restart(uword k)
{
arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
if(k >= ncv) { return; }
DoubleShiftQR<eT> decomp_ds(ncv);
UpperHessenbergQR<eT> decomp;
Mat<eT> Q(ncv, ncv, fill::eye);
for(uword i = k; i < ncv; i++)
{
if(cx_attrib::is_complex(ritz_val(i), eps) && cx_attrib::is_conj(ritz_val(i), ritz_val(i + 1), eps))
{
// H - mu * I = Q1 * R1
// H <- R1 * Q1 + mu * I = Q1' * H * Q1
// H - conj(mu) * I = Q2 * R2
// H <- R2 * Q2 + conj(mu) * I = Q2' * H * Q2
//
// (H - mu * I) * (H - conj(mu) * I) = Q1 * Q2 * R2 * R1 = Q * R
eT s = 2 * ritz_val(i).real();
eT t = std::norm(ritz_val(i));
decomp_ds.compute(fac_H, s, t);
// Q -> Q * Qi
decomp_ds.apply_YQ(Q);
// H -> Q'HQ
fac_H = decomp_ds.matrix_QtHQ();
i++;
}
else
{
// QR decomposition of H - mu * I, mu is real
fac_H.diag() -= ritz_val(i).real();
decomp.compute(fac_H);
// Q -> Q * Qi
decomp.apply_YQ(Q);
// H -> Q'HQ = RQ + mu * I
fac_H = decomp.matrix_RQ();
fac_H.diag() += ritz_val(i).real();
}
}
// V -> VQ
// Q has some elements being zero
// The first (ncv - k + i) elements of the i-th column of Q are non-zero
Mat<eT> Vs(dim_n, k + 1);
uword nnz;
for(uword i = 0; i < k; i++)
{
nnz = ncv - k + i + 1;
Mat<eT> V(fac_V.memptr(), dim_n, nnz, false);
Col<eT> q(Q.colptr(i), nnz, false);
Col<eT> v(Vs.colptr(i), dim_n, false);
v = V * q;
}
Vs.col(k) = fac_V * Q.col(k);
fac_V.head_cols(k + 1) = Vs;
Col<eT> fk = fac_f * Q(ncv - 1, k - 1) + fac_V.col(k) * fac_H(k, k - 1);
factorise_from(k, ncv, fk);
retrieve_ritzpair();
}
IGL_INLINE bool igl::copyleft::boolean::mesh_boolean(
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVA> & VA,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFA> & FA,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVB> & VB,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFB> & FB,
const WindingNumberOp& wind_num_op,
const KeepFunc& keep,
const ResolveFunc& resolve_fun,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVC > & VC,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFC > & FC,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedJ > & J)
{
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
const auto & tictoc = []() -> double
{
static double t_start = igl::get_seconds();
double diff = igl::get_seconds()-t_start;
t_start += diff;
return diff;
};
const auto log_time = [&](const std::string& label) -> void {
std::cout << "mesh_boolean." << label << ": "
<< tictoc() << std::endl;
};
tictoc();
#endif
typedef typename DerivedVC::Scalar Scalar;
//typedef typename DerivedFC::Scalar Index;
typedef CGAL::Epeck Kernel;
typedef Kernel::FT ExactScalar;
typedef Eigen::Matrix<Scalar,Eigen::Dynamic,3> MatrixX3S;
//typedef Eigen::Matrix<Index,Eigen::Dynamic,Eigen::Dynamic> MatrixXI;
typedef Eigen::Matrix<typename DerivedJ::Scalar,Eigen::Dynamic,1> VectorXJ;
// Generate combined mesh.
typedef Eigen::Matrix<
ExactScalar,
Eigen::Dynamic,
Eigen::Dynamic,
DerivedVC::IsRowMajor> MatrixXES;
MatrixXES V;
DerivedFC F;
VectorXJ CJ;
{
DerivedVA VV(VA.rows() + VB.rows(), 3);
DerivedFC FF(FA.rows() + FB.rows(), 3);
VV << VA, VB;
FF << FA, FB.array() + VA.rows();
//// Handle annoying empty cases
//if(VA.size()>0)
//{
// VV<<VA;
//}
//if(VB.size()>0)
//{
// VV<<VB;
//}
//if(FA.size()>0)
//{
// FF<<FA;
//}
//if(FB.size()>0)
//{
// FF<<FB.array()+VA.rows();
//}
resolve_fun(VV, FF, V, F, CJ);
}
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
log_time("resolve_self_intersection");
#endif
// Compute winding numbers on each side of each facet.
const size_t num_faces = F.rows();
Eigen::MatrixXi W;
Eigen::VectorXi labels(num_faces);
std::transform(CJ.data(), CJ.data()+CJ.size(), labels.data(),
[&](int i) { return i<FA.rows() ? 0:1; });
bool valid = true;
if (num_faces > 0)
{
valid = valid &
igl::copyleft::cgal::propagate_winding_numbers(V, F, labels, W);
} else
{
W.resize(0, 4);
}
assert((size_t)W.rows() == num_faces);
if (W.cols() == 2)
{
assert(FB.rows() == 0);
Eigen::MatrixXi W_tmp(num_faces, 4);
W_tmp << W, Eigen::MatrixXi::Zero(num_faces, 2);
W = W_tmp;
} else {
assert(W.cols() == 4);
}
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
log_time("propagate_input_winding_number");
#endif
// Compute resulting winding number.
Eigen::MatrixXi Wr(num_faces, 2);
for (size_t i=0; i<num_faces; i++)
{
Eigen::MatrixXi w_out(1,2), w_in(1,2);
w_out << W(i,0), W(i,2);
w_in << W(i,1), W(i,3);
Wr(i,0) = wind_num_op(w_out);
Wr(i,1) = wind_num_op(w_in);
}
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
log_time("compute_output_winding_number");
#endif
// Extract boundary separating inside from outside.
auto index_to_signed_index = [&](size_t i, bool ori) -> int
{
return (i+1)*(ori?1:-1);
};
//auto signed_index_to_index = [&](int i) -> size_t {
// return abs(i) - 1;
//};
std::vector<int> selected;
for(size_t i=0; i<num_faces; i++)
{
auto should_keep = keep(Wr(i,0), Wr(i,1));
if (should_keep > 0)
{
selected.push_back(index_to_signed_index(i, true));
} else if (should_keep < 0)
{
selected.push_back(index_to_signed_index(i, false));
}
}
const size_t num_selected = selected.size();
DerivedFC kept_faces(num_selected, 3);
DerivedJ kept_face_indices(num_selected, 1);
for (size_t i=0; i<num_selected; i++)
{
size_t idx = abs(selected[i]) - 1;
if (selected[i] > 0)
{
kept_faces.row(i) = F.row(idx);
} else
{
kept_faces.row(i) = F.row(idx).reverse();
}
kept_face_indices(i, 0) = CJ[idx];
}
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
log_time("extract_output");
#endif
// Finally, remove duplicated faces and unreferenced vertices.
{
DerivedFC G;
DerivedJ JJ;
igl::resolve_duplicated_faces(kept_faces, G, JJ);
igl::slice(kept_face_indices, JJ, 1, J);
#ifdef DOUBLE_CHECK_EXACT_OUTPUT
{
// Sanity check on exact output.
igl::copyleft::cgal::RemeshSelfIntersectionsParam params;
params.detect_only = true;
params.first_only = true;
MatrixXES dummy_VV;
DerivedFC dummy_FF, dummy_IF;
Eigen::VectorXi dummy_J, dummy_IM;
igl::copyleft::cgal::SelfIntersectMesh<
Kernel,
MatrixXES, DerivedFC,
MatrixXES, DerivedFC,
DerivedFC,
Eigen::VectorXi,
Eigen::VectorXi
> checker(V, G, params,
dummy_VV, dummy_FF, dummy_IF, dummy_J, dummy_IM);
if (checker.count != 0)
{
throw "Self-intersection not fully resolved.";
}
}
#endif
MatrixX3S Vs(V.rows(), V.cols());
for (size_t i=0; i<(size_t)V.rows(); i++)
{
for (size_t j=0; j<(size_t)V.cols(); j++)
{
igl::copyleft::cgal::assign_scalar(V(i,j), Vs(i,j));
}
}
Eigen::VectorXi newIM;
igl::remove_unreferenced(Vs,G,VC,FC,newIM);
}
#ifdef MESH_BOOLEAN_TIMING
log_time("clean_up");
#endif
return valid;
}
void GidaspowDrag::setForce() const
{
if (scaleDia_ > 1)
Info << "Gidaspow using scale = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
else if (particleCloud_.cg() > 1){
scaleDia_=particleCloud_.cg();
Info << "Gidaspow using scale from liggghts cg = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
}
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu() / rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Uturb(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar localPhiP(0);
scalar CdMagUrLag(0); //Cd of the very particle
scalar KslLag(0); //momentum exchange of the very particle (per unit volume)
scalar betaP(0); //momentum exchange of the very particle
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); ++index)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
betaP = 0;
Vs = 0;
Ufluid =vector(0,0,0);
voidfraction=0;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
if(interpolation_)
{
//position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.0;
if(voidfraction<0.10) voidfraction = 0.10;
}
else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
//accounting for turbulent dispersion
if(particleCloud_.dispersionM().isActive())
{
Uturb=particleCloud_.fluidTurbVel(index);
Ur=(Ufluid+Uturb)-Us;
}
magUr = mag(Ur);
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index)*phi_;
rho = rho_[cellI];
nuf = nufField[cellI];
Rep=0.0;
localPhiP = 1.0f-voidfraction+SMALL;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
//Compute specific drag coefficient (i.e., Force per unit slip velocity and per m³ SUSPENSION)
//Wen and Yu, 1966
if(voidfraction > 0.8) //dilute
{
Rep=ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction*magUr/nuf;
CdMagUrLag = (24.0*nuf/(ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction)) //1/magUr missing here, but compensated in expression for KslLag!
*(scalar(1)+0.15*Foam::pow(Rep, 0.687));
KslLag = 0.75*(
rho*localPhiP*voidfraction*CdMagUrLag
/
(ds/scaleDia_*Foam::pow(voidfraction,2.65))
);
}
//Ergun, 1952
else //dense
{
KslLag = (150*Foam::pow(localPhiP,2)*nuf*rho)/
(voidfraction*ds/scaleDia_*ds/scaleDia_+SMALL)
+
(1.75*(localPhiP) * magUr * rho)/
((ds/scaleDia_));
}
// calc particle's drag coefficient (i.e., Force per unit slip velocity and per m³ PARTICLE)
betaP = KslLag / localPhiP;
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs * betaP * Ur * scaleDrag_;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <1)
{
Pout << " "<< endl;
Pout << "Gidaspow drag force verbose: " << endl;
Pout << "magUr = " << magUr << endl;
Pout << "localPhiP = " << localPhiP << endl;
Pout << "CdMagUrLag = " << CdMagUrLag << endl;
Pout << "treatExplicit_ = " << treatExplicit_ << endl;
Pout << "implDEM_ = " << implDEM_ << endl;
Pout << "modelType_ = " << modelType_ << endl;
Pout << "KslLag = " << KslLag << endl;
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Ufluid = " << Ufluid << endl;
Pout << "Uturb = " << Uturb << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "Vs = " << Vs << endl;
Pout << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "ds/scale = " << ds/scaleDia_ << endl;
Pout << "phi = " << phi_ << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "localPhiP = " << localPhiP << endl;
Pout << "betaP = " << betaP << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
Pout << "position = " << position << endl;
Pout << " "<< endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(betaP);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
//treatExplicit_ = false by default
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
//implDEM_ = false by default
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B" && cellI > -1)
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP/voidfraction*scaleDrag_;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP*scaleDrag_;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}// end if mask
}// end loop particles
}
void KochHillDrag::setForce() const
{
const volScalarField& nufField = forceSubM(0).nuField();
const volScalarField& rhoField = forceSubM(0).rhoField();
//update force submodels to prepare for loop
for (int iFSub=0;iFSub<nrForceSubModels();iFSub++)
forceSubM(iFSub).preParticleLoop(forceSubM(iFSub).verbose());
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
vector dragExplicit(0,0,0);
scalar dragCoefficient(0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar dParcel(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar volumefraction(0);
scalar betaP(0);
scalar piBySix(M_PI/6);
int couplingInterval(particleCloud_.dataExchangeM().couplingInterval());
#include "resetVoidfractionInterpolator.H"
#include "resetUInterpolator.H"
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
dragExplicit = vector(0,0,0);
dragCoefficient=0;
betaP = 0;
Vs = 0;
Ufluid =vector(0,0,0);
voidfraction=0;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(forceSubM(0).interpolation())
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_().interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_().interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.00;
if(voidfraction<0.40) voidfraction = 0.40;
}else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
ds = particleCloud_.d(index);
dParcel = ds;
forceSubM(0).scaleDia(ds); //caution: this fct will scale ds!
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rhoField[cellI];
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
//Update any scalar or vector quantity
for (int iFSub=0;iFSub<nrForceSubModels();iFSub++)
forceSubM(iFSub).update( index,
cellI,
ds,
Ufluid,
Us,
nuf,
rho,
forceSubM(0).verbose()
);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*piBySix;
volumefraction = max(SMALL,min(1-SMALL,1-voidfraction));
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc model coefficient F0
scalar F0=0.;
if(volumefraction < 0.4)
{
F0 = (1. + 3.*sqrt((volumefraction)/2.) + (135./64.)*volumefraction*log(volumefraction)
+ 16.14*volumefraction
)/
(1+0.681*volumefraction-8.48*sqr(volumefraction)
+8.16*volumefraction*volumefraction*volumefraction
);
} else {
F0 = 10*volumefraction/(voidfraction*voidfraction*voidfraction);
}
// calc model coefficient F3
scalar F3 = 0.0673+0.212*volumefraction+0.0232/pow(voidfraction,5);
//Calculate F (the factor 0.5 is introduced, since Koch and Hill, ARFM 33:619–47, use the radius
//to define Rep, and we use the particle diameter, see vanBuijtenen et al., CES 66:2368–2376.
scalar F = voidfraction * (F0 + 0.5*F3*Rep);
// calc drag model coefficient betaP
betaP = 18.*nuf*rho/(ds*ds)*voidfraction*F;
// calc particle's drag
dragCoefficient = Vs*betaP;
if (modelType_=="B")
dragCoefficient /= voidfraction;
forceSubM(0).scaleCoeff(dragCoefficient,dParcel);
if(forceSubM(0).switches()[7]) // implForceDEMaccumulated=true
{
//get drag from the particle itself
for (int j=0 ; j<3 ; j++) drag[j] = particleCloud_.fAccs()[index][j]/couplingInterval;
}else
{
drag = dragCoefficient * Ur;
// explicitCorr
for (int iFSub=0;iFSub<nrForceSubModels();iFSub++)
forceSubM(iFSub).explicitCorr( drag,
dragExplicit,
dragCoefficient,
Ufluid, U_[cellI], Us, UsField_[cellI],
forceSubM(iFSub).verbose()
);
}
}
if(forceSubM(0).verbose() && index >=0 && index <2)
{
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "dprim = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "betaP = " << betaP << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
// Note: for other than ext one could use vValues.append(x)
// instead of setSize
vValues.setSize(vValues.size()+1, drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.setSize(vValues.size()+1, Ur);
sValues.setSize(sValues.size()+1, Rep);
sValues.setSize(sValues.size()+1, betaP);
sValues.setSize(sValues.size()+1, voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// write particle based data to global array
forceSubM(0).partToArray(index,drag,dragExplicit,Ufluid,dragCoefficient);
}
}
void KochHillDrag::setForce
(
double** const& mask,
double**& impForces,
double**& expForces,
double**& DEMForces
) const
{
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu()/rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar volumefraction(0);
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
if(mask[index][0])
{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
}else
{
voidfraction = particleCloud_.voidfraction(index);
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = 2*particleCloud_.radius(index);
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
volumefraction = 1-voidfraction+SMALL;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds/scale_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc model coefficient F0
scalar F0=0.;
if(volumefraction < 0.4)
{
F0 = (1+3*sqrt((volumefraction)/2)+135/64*volumefraction*log(volumefraction)+16.14*volumefraction)/
(1+0.681*volumefraction-8.48*sqr(volumefraction)+8.16*volumefraction*volumefraction*volumefraction);
} else {
F0 = 10*volumefraction/(voidfraction*voidfraction*voidfraction);
}
// calc model coefficient F3
scalar F3 = 0.0673+0.212*volumefraction+0.0232/pow(voidfraction,5);
// calc model coefficient beta
scalar beta = 18*nuf*rho*voidfraction*voidfraction*volumefraction/(ds/scale_*ds/scale_)*
(F0 + 0.5*F3*Rep);
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs*beta/volumefraction*Ur;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <2)
{
Info << "index = " << index << endl;
Info << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Info << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Info << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Info << "ds/scale = " << ds/scale_ << endl;
Info << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Info << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Info << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Info << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Info << "drag = " << drag << endl;
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces[index][j] += drag[j];
}
}
}
IGL_INLINE void igl::copyleft::boolean::mesh_boolean(
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVA> & VA,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFA> & FA,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVB> & VB,
const Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFB> & FB,
const WindingNumberOp& wind_num_op,
const KeepFunc& keep,
const ResolveFunc& resolve_fun,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedVC > & VC,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedFC > & FC,
Eigen::PlainObjectBase<DerivedJ > & J) {
typedef typename DerivedVC::Scalar Scalar;
//typedef typename DerivedFC::Scalar Index;
typedef CGAL::Epeck Kernel;
typedef Kernel::FT ExactScalar;
typedef Eigen::Matrix<Scalar,Eigen::Dynamic,3> MatrixX3S;
//typedef Eigen::Matrix<Index,Eigen::Dynamic,Eigen::Dynamic> MatrixXI;
typedef Eigen::Matrix<typename DerivedJ::Scalar,Eigen::Dynamic,1> VectorXJ;
// Generate combined mesh.
typedef Eigen::Matrix<
ExactScalar,
Eigen::Dynamic,
Eigen::Dynamic,
DerivedVC::IsRowMajor> MatrixXES;
MatrixXES V;
DerivedFC F;
VectorXJ CJ;
{
DerivedVA VV(VA.rows() + VB.rows(), 3);
DerivedFC FF(FA.rows() + FB.rows(), 3);
VV << VA, VB;
FF << FA, FB.array() + VA.rows();
//// Handle annoying empty cases
//if(VA.size()>0)
//{
// VV<<VA;
//}
//if(VB.size()>0)
//{
// VV<<VB;
//}
//if(FA.size()>0)
//{
// FF<<FA;
//}
//if(FB.size()>0)
//{
// FF<<FB.array()+VA.rows();
//}
resolve_fun(VV, FF, V, F, CJ);
}
// Compute winding numbers on each side of each facet.
const size_t num_faces = F.rows();
Eigen::MatrixXi W;
Eigen::VectorXi labels(num_faces);
std::transform(CJ.data(), CJ.data()+CJ.size(), labels.data(),
[&](int i) { return i<FA.rows() ? 0:1; });
igl::copyleft::cgal::propagate_winding_numbers(V, F, labels, W);
assert((size_t)W.rows() == num_faces);
if (W.cols() == 2) {
assert(FB.rows() == 0);
Eigen::MatrixXi W_tmp(num_faces, 4);
W_tmp << W, Eigen::MatrixXi::Zero(num_faces, 2);
W = W_tmp;
} else {
assert(W.cols() == 4);
}
// Compute resulting winding number.
Eigen::MatrixXi Wr(num_faces, 2);
for (size_t i=0; i<num_faces; i++) {
Eigen::MatrixXi w_out(1,2), w_in(1,2);
w_out << W(i,0), W(i,2);
w_in << W(i,1), W(i,3);
Wr(i,0) = wind_num_op(w_out);
Wr(i,1) = wind_num_op(w_in);
}
// Extract boundary separating inside from outside.
auto index_to_signed_index = [&](size_t i, bool ori) -> int{
return (i+1)*(ori?1:-1);
};
//auto signed_index_to_index = [&](int i) -> size_t {
// return abs(i) - 1;
//};
std::vector<int> selected;
for(size_t i=0; i<num_faces; i++) {
auto should_keep = keep(Wr(i,0), Wr(i,1));
if (should_keep > 0) {
selected.push_back(index_to_signed_index(i, true));
} else if (should_keep < 0) {
selected.push_back(index_to_signed_index(i, false));
}
}
const size_t num_selected = selected.size();
DerivedFC kept_faces(num_selected, 3);
DerivedJ kept_face_indices(num_selected, 1);
for (size_t i=0; i<num_selected; i++) {
size_t idx = abs(selected[i]) - 1;
if (selected[i] > 0) {
kept_faces.row(i) = F.row(idx);
} else {
kept_faces.row(i) = F.row(idx).reverse();
}
kept_face_indices(i, 0) = CJ[idx];
}
// Finally, remove duplicated faces and unreferenced vertices.
{
DerivedFC G;
DerivedJ JJ;
igl::resolve_duplicated_faces(kept_faces, G, JJ);
igl::slice(kept_face_indices, JJ, 1, J);
MatrixX3S Vs(V.rows(), V.cols());
for (size_t i=0; i<(size_t)V.rows(); i++)
{
for (size_t j=0; j<(size_t)V.cols(); j++)
{
igl::copyleft::cgal::assign_scalar(V(i,j), Vs(i,j));
}
}
Eigen::VectorXi newIM;
igl::remove_unreferenced(Vs,G,VC,FC,newIM);
}
}
void KochHillDrag::setForce() const
{
if (scaleDia_ > 1)
Info << "KochHill using scale = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
else if (particleCloud_.cg() > 1){
scaleDia_=particleCloud_.cg();
Info << "KochHill using scale from liggghts cg = " << scaleDia_ << endl;
}
// get viscosity field
#ifdef comp
const volScalarField nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().mu()/rho_;
#else
const volScalarField& nufField = particleCloud_.turbulence().nu();
#endif
vector position(0,0,0);
scalar voidfraction(1);
vector Ufluid(0,0,0);
vector drag(0,0,0);
label cellI=0;
vector Us(0,0,0);
vector Ur(0,0,0);
scalar ds(0);
scalar nuf(0);
scalar rho(0);
scalar magUr(0);
scalar Rep(0);
scalar Vs(0);
scalar volumefraction(0);
scalar betaP(0);
interpolationCellPoint<scalar> voidfractionInterpolator_(voidfraction_);
interpolationCellPoint<vector> UInterpolator_(U_);
#include "setupProbeModel.H"
for(int index = 0;index < particleCloud_.numberOfParticles(); index++)
{
//if(mask[index][0])
//{
cellI = particleCloud_.cellIDs()[index][0];
drag = vector(0,0,0);
betaP = 0;
Vs = 0;
Ufluid =vector(0,0,0);
voidfraction=0;
if (cellI > -1) // particle Found
{
if(interpolation_)
{
position = particleCloud_.position(index);
voidfraction = voidfractionInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
Ufluid = UInterpolator_.interpolate(position,cellI);
//Ensure interpolated void fraction to be meaningful
// Info << " --> voidfraction: " << voidfraction << endl;
if(voidfraction>1.00) voidfraction = 1.00;
if(voidfraction<0.40) voidfraction = 0.40;
}else
{
voidfraction = voidfraction_[cellI];
Ufluid = U_[cellI];
}
Us = particleCloud_.velocity(index);
Ur = Ufluid-Us;
ds = particleCloud_.d(index);
nuf = nufField[cellI];
rho = rho_[cellI];
magUr = mag(Ur);
Rep = 0;
Vs = ds*ds*ds*M_PI/6;
volumefraction = 1-voidfraction+SMALL;
if (magUr > 0)
{
// calc particle Re Nr
Rep = ds/scaleDia_*voidfraction*magUr/(nuf+SMALL);
// calc model coefficient F0
scalar F0=0.;
if(volumefraction < 0.4)
{
F0 = (1+3*sqrt((volumefraction)/2)+135/64*volumefraction*log(volumefraction)
+16.14*volumefraction
)/
(1+0.681*volumefraction-8.48*sqr(volumefraction)
+8.16*volumefraction*volumefraction*volumefraction
);
} else {
F0 = 10*volumefraction/(voidfraction*voidfraction*voidfraction);
}
// calc model coefficient F3
scalar F3 = 0.0673+0.212*volumefraction+0.0232/pow(voidfraction,5);
//Calculate F
scalar F = voidfraction * (F0 + 0.5*F3*Rep);
// calc drag model coefficient betaP
betaP = 18.*nuf*rho/(ds/scaleDia_*ds/scaleDia_)*voidfraction*F;
// calc particle's drag
drag = Vs*betaP*Ur*scaleDrag_;
if (modelType_=="B")
drag /= voidfraction;
}
if(verbose_ && index >=0 && index <2)
{
Pout << "cellI = " << cellI << endl;
Pout << "index = " << index << endl;
Pout << "Us = " << Us << endl;
Pout << "Ur = " << Ur << endl;
Pout << "ds = " << ds << endl;
Pout << "ds/scale = " << ds/scaleDia_ << endl;
Pout << "rho = " << rho << endl;
Pout << "nuf = " << nuf << endl;
Pout << "voidfraction = " << voidfraction << endl;
Pout << "Rep = " << Rep << endl;
Pout << "betaP = " << betaP << endl;
Pout << "drag = " << drag << endl;
}
//Set value fields and write the probe
if(probeIt_)
{
#include "setupProbeModelfields.H"
vValues.append(drag); //first entry must the be the force
vValues.append(Ur);
sValues.append(Rep);
sValues.append(betaP);
sValues.append(voidfraction);
particleCloud_.probeM().writeProbe(index, sValues, vValues);
}
}
// set force on particle
if(treatExplicit_) for(int j=0;j<3;j++) expForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
else for(int j=0;j<3;j++) impForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
// set Cd
if(implDEM_)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) fluidVel()[index][j]=Ufluid[j];
if (modelType_=="B" && cellI > -1)
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP/voidfraction*scaleDrag_;
else
Cds()[index][0] = Vs*betaP*scaleDrag_;
}else{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++) DEMForces()[index][j] += drag[j];
}
//}
}
}
