void
balloon_help_create (Display* dpy,
Pixel fg, Pixel bg, Pixel shine, Pixel shadow,
XFontStruct* font)
{
if (b_dpy) balloon_help_destroy ();
b_dpy = dpy;
b_fontStruct = font;
b_win = create_window (dpy, bg);
b_gc = create_gc (dpy, b_win, fg, bg, b_fontStruct);
b_shineGC = create_gc (dpy, b_win, shine, bg, b_fontStruct);
b_shadowGC = create_gc (dpy, b_win, shadow, bg, b_fontStruct);
create_pixmap_mask (1, 1);
b_maskGC = create_gc (dpy, b_mask, bg, fg, b_fontStruct);
b_winMapped = False;
b_timer = None;
b_delay = 500;
b_screenWidth = DisplayWidth (b_dpy, DefaultScreen(b_dpy));
b_screenHeight = DisplayHeight (b_dpy, DefaultScreen(b_dpy));
b_lastShape = SHAPE_CONE_FREE;
}
static void Initialize(Widget treq,Widget tnew,ArgList args,Cardinal *nargs)
{
XmTabWidget wid = (XmTabWidget) tnew;
wid->tab.raise = 0;
wid->tab.cut_size = 0;
wid->tab.active_tab = NULL;
create_gc(wid);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XSync(display, False);
/* draw one pixel near each corner of the window */
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, 5, 5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, 5, height-5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, width-5, 5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, width-5, height-5);
/* draw two intersecting lines, one horizontal and one vertical, */
/* which intersect at point "50,100". */
XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 50, 0, 50, 200);
XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 0, 100, 200, 100);
/* now use the XDrawArc() function to draw a circle whose diameter */
/* is 30 pixels, and whose center is at location '50,100'. */
XDrawArc(display, win, gc, 50-(30/2), 100-(30/2), 30, 30, 0, 360*64);
{
XPoint points[] = {
{0, 0},
{15, 15},
{0, 15},
{0, 0}
};
int npoints = sizeof(points)/sizeof(XPoint);
/* draw a small triangle at the top-left corner of the window. */
/* the triangle is made of a set of consecutive lines, whose */
/* end-point pixels are specified in the 'points' array. */
XDrawLines(display, win, gc, points, npoints, CoordModeOrigin);
}
/* draw a rectangle whose top-left corner is at '120,150', its width is */
/* 50 pixels, and height is 60 pixels. */
XDrawRectangle(display, win, gc, 120, 150, 50, 60);
/* draw a filled rectangle of the same size as above, to the left of the */
/* previous rectangle. */
XFillRectangle(display, win, gc, 60, 150, 50, 60);
/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
XFlush(display);
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(4);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
return(0);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
Display *display;
Window win; //窗口ID
Window win_draw;
unsigned int width, height; //窗口尺寸
unsigned int border_width = 4; //边界空白
unsigned int display_width, display_height;//屏幕尺寸
int i;
int count;
XEvent report;
unsigned long valuemask = 0;
XGCValues values;
char *getenv();
XColor color;
//draw
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
// 和X 服务器连接
if ( (display=XOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"))) == NULL ){
printf("Cannot connect to X server %s");
exit(-1);
}
//获得缺省的 screen_num
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
//获得屏幕的宽度和高度
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
cmap = DefaultColormap(display, screen_num);
//指定所建立窗口的宽度和高度
width = display_width/2;
height = display_height/2;
//建立窗口
win = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, //display
RootWindow(display,screen_num), //父窗口
0, 0, width, height, //位置和大小
border_width, //边界宽度
BlackPixel(display,screen_num), //前景色
WhitePixel(display,screen_num));//背景色
//选择窗口感兴趣的事件掩码
XSelectInput(display, win,
ExposureMask |
ButtonPressMask | //按下
ButtonReleaseMask | //抬起
ButtonMotionMask | //移动
KeyPressMask |
StructureNotifyMask);
//建立GC
gc = XCreateGC(display, win, valuemask, &values);
XSetLineAttributes(display, gc, 3,
LineSolid, CapRound, JoinRound);
panelgc = create_gc(display, win, "#C0C0C0");
dimgc = create_gc(display, win, "#666666");
lightgc = create_gc(display, win, "#F5F5F5");
//建立绘图窗口
win_draw = XCreateSimpleWindow(display, //display
win, //父窗口
10, 10, width - 140,height - 40,//位置和大小
border_width, //边界宽度
BlackPixel(display,screen_num), //前景色
WhitePixel(display,screen_num));//背景色
//选择窗口感兴趣的事件掩码
XSelectInput(display, win_draw,
ExposureMask |
ButtonPressMask | //按下
ButtonReleaseMask | //抬起
ButtonMotionMask | //移动
KeyPressMask |
StructureNotifyMask);
//建立按钮窗口
for(i=0; i<4; i++)
create_button(i, display, win,
width - 100, i * 30 + 30, 80, 20);
//显示窗口
XMapWindow(display, win);
XMapWindow(display, win_draw);
//进入事件循环
while (1) {
//取得队列中的事件
XNextEvent(display, &report);
switch (report.type) {
//曝光事件, 窗口应重绘
case Expose:
//取得最后一个曝光事件
if (report.xexpose.count != 0) break;
XClearArea(display, win, 0, 0,
width, height, False);
for(i=0;i<4;i++) button_flush(i, display);
break;
//窗口尺寸改变, 重新取得窗口的宽度和高度
case ConfigureNotify:
width = report.xconfigure.width;
height = report.xconfigure.height;
break;
//鼠标左键开始绘图.
case ButtonPress:
if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == win_draw){
x1 = report.xbutton.x;
y1 = report.xbutton.y;
XDrawPoint(display, win_draw, gc,x1,y1);
} else if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == buttons[0].win){
process_button(0, display);
} else if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == buttons[1].win){
process_button(1, display);
} else if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == buttons[2].win){
process_button(2, display);
} else if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == buttons[3].win){
process_button(3, display);
} else if(report.xbutton.button == Button3){
XFreeGC(display, gc);
exit(1);
}
break;
case ButtonRelease:
if(report.xbutton.button == Button1 &&
report.xbutton.window == win_draw){
x2 = report.xbutton.x;
y2 = report.xbutton.y;
XDrawLine(display, win_draw, gc,
x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
break;
case MotionNotify:
if(report.xmotion.state & Button1Mask &&
report.xmotion.window == win_draw){
x2 = report.xmotion.x;
y2 = report.xmotion.y;
XDrawLine(display, win_draw, gc,
x1, y1, x2, y2);
x1 = x2;
y1 = y2;
}
break;
case KeyPress:
XFreeGC(display, gc);
exit(1);
default:
break;
}
}
}
void drawer () {
int x,i,j,imagewidth,left = 0,outside,r,k;
float s,realcentre,imgcentre,realx,imgx;
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width, display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",display_name);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy much of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width * 0.5);
height = (display_height * 0.5);
// printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XSync(display, False);
k = -15;
imagewidth = 1000;
x = 1;
r = 2;
s = (float)(2*r)/imagewidth;
realcentre = 0.0;
imgcentre = 0.0;
for(i=0;i<imagewidth;i++){
for(j=0;j<imagewidth;j++){
realx = s*(j-imagewidth/2) + realcentre;
imgx = s*(i-imagewidth/2) + imgcentre;
outside = testmal(realx,imgx,k);
if (outside == 0){
// printf("%f %f\n",realx,imgx);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, left+j/x, height/2-(imagewidth/2)/x+i/x);
/*Flush all pending requests to the X server.*/
XFlush(display);
}
}
}
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(300);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XSync(display, False);
{
/* this variable will contain the ID of the newly created pixmap. */
Pixmap bitmap;
/* these variables will contain the dimensions of the loaded bitmap. */
unsigned int bitmap_width, bitmap_height;
/* these variables will contain the location of the hotspot of the */
/* loaded bitmap. */
int hotspot_x, hotspot_y;
/* load the bitmap found in the file "icon.bmp", create a pixmap */
/* containing its data in the server, and put its ID in the 'bitmap' */
/* variable. */
int rc = XReadBitmapFile(display, win,
"icon.bmp",
&bitmap_width, &bitmap_height,
&bitmap,
&hotspot_x, &hotspot_y);
/* check for failure or success. */
switch (rc) {
case BitmapOpenFailed:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - could not open file 'icon.bmp'.\n");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapFileInvalid:
fprintf(stderr,
"XReadBitmapFile - file '%s' doesn't contain a valid bitmap.\n",
"icon.bmp");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapNoMemory:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - not enough memory.\n");
exit(1);
break;
}
/* start drawing the given pixmap on to our window. */
{
int i, j;
for(i=0; i<6; i++) {
for(j=0; j<6; j++) {
XCopyPlane(display, bitmap, win, gc,
0, 0,
bitmap_width, bitmap_height,
j*bitmap_width, i*bitmap_height,
1);
XSync(display, False);
usleep(100000);
}
}
}
}
/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
XFlush(display);
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(4);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Display* display;
int screen_num;
Window win;
unsigned int display_width,
display_height;
unsigned int win_width,
win_height;
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY");
/*用于绘制的图形环境*/
GC gc;
/*不同xlib函数的返回值,应该就是一个整数*/
/*int rc;*/
Status rc;
Pixmap bitmap;
unsigned int bitmap_width, bitmap_height;
int hotspot_x, hotspot_y;
int i,j;
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/******窗口的创建******/
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
win_width = (display_width / 3);
win_height = (display_height / 3);
win = create_simple_window(display, win_width, win_height, 0, 0);
/******图形上下文的创建******/
/*图形上下文环境，提供绘图环境包含前景色背景色线风格等各种属性*/
gc = create_gc(display, win);
/*这个函数刷新所有的输出缓存直至所有事件被Xserver收到并处理。
*输入参数为False将会不会忽略所有排队事件，
如果为True则忽略所有事件包括该函数调用之前的排队事件。
* */
XSync(display, False);
/******在这里开始绘图******/
/*使用当前路径的icon.bmp文件，不是windows的bmp，它是个数组,和xpm格式也不同*/
rc = XReadBitmapFile(display, win,
"icon.bmp",
&bitmap_width, &bitmap_height,
&bitmap,
&hotspot_x, &hotspot_y);
/*xpm格式的文件无法读取*/
/*rc = XReadBitmapFile(display, win,
"home.xpm",
&bitmap_width, &bitmap_height,
&bitmap,
&hotspot_x, &hotspot_y);*/
/*如果读取文件错误的出错处理*/
switch (rc)
{
case BitmapOpenFailed:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - could not open file 'icon.bmp'.\n");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapFileInvalid:
fprintf(stderr,
"XReadBitmapFile - file '%s' doesn't contain a valid bitmap.\n",
"icon.bmp");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapNoMemory:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - not enough memory.\n");
exit(1);
break;
}
/*不用上面的方法，用下面的方法获得图片也行，这需要把icon.bmp包含成为头文件
* 这里面的icon_bitmap_bits就是这个icon.bmp对应的表示图像的数组
* 另外宽度和高度这里设成20，如果不是这个数，那么绘制出来的可能乱了*/
/*bitmap_width = 20;
bitmap_height = 20;
bitmap = XCreateBitmapFromData(display,
win,
icon_bitmap_bits,
bitmap_width,
bitmap_height);
if (!bitmap)
{
fprintf(stderr, "XCreateBitmapFromData - error creating pixmap\n");
exit(1);
}
*/
/*这里绘制了36个图标*/
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<6; j++)
{
/*这里在指定的window上面绘制图片，各个参数如下：
* bitmap指定绘制的源（矩形）
* win指定绘制的目标（矩形）
* gc图形上下文环境，提供绘图环境包含前景色背景色线风格等各种属性
* （0,0）表示相对于源的左上角坐标
* (bitmap_width,bitmap_height)表示绘制的大小
* (j*bitmap_width,i*bitmap_height)表示相对于目标的左上角坐标
* 1和色深位相关，不太清楚。
* */
XCopyPlane(display, bitmap, win, gc,
0, 0,
bitmap_width, bitmap_height,
j*bitmap_width, i*bitmap_height,
1);
/*刷新输出缓存直至所有的到X的请求被收到并处理
*这里如果传入参数False就不会忽略事件队列中的事件了*/
XSync(display, False);//如果没有这句话不会动态一个个的绘制
usleep(100000);
}
}
/*把所有的请求通知给X server,我尝试过了，不用这一句也行,因为前面有XSync*/
/*XFlush函数刷新输出缓存，由于输出缓存通过调用XPending,XNextEvent,XWinEvents
*根据需要会被自动刷新，大多数客户程序是不用调用它的。
*服务端发起的事件可能被放到库事件队列中的.
* */
XFlush(display);
/******延迟5秒后释放资源，结束程序******/
sleep(10);
XCloseDisplay(display);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
int sockfd, oldsockfd, portno, n;
socklen_t clilen;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
struct hostent *server;
pthread_t recv_thread;
Colormap map;
Display* display;
int screen_num;
Window win;
unsigned int display_width, display_height;
unsigned int width, height;
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY");
GC gc, his_gc, refresh_gc;
if(argc == 2) { // We are server
sending = 1;
if(argc < 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no port provided\n");
exit(1);
}
oldsockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(oldsockfd < 0) error("ERROR opening socket");
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
portno = atoi(argv[1]);
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
int on = 1;
if(setsockopt(oldsockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char*)&on, sizeof(on)) < 0) error("ERROR on sockopt");
if(bind(oldsockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) error("ERROR on binding");
listen(oldsockfd,5);
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
sockfd = accept(oldsockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &clilen);
if (sockfd < 0) error("ERROR on accept");
}
else if(argc == 3) { // We are client
sending = 1;
portno = atoi(argv[2]);
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) error("ERROR opening socket");
server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);
if(server == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no such host\n");
exit(0);
}
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)(server->h_addr), (char *)(&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr), server->h_length);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
if (connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) error("ERROR connecting");
}
else {
server = 0;
}
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n", argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
Atom wm_delete;
win = create_simple_window(display, &wm_delete, width, height, 0, 0);
XGCValues values;
values.graphics_exposures = 0;
gc = create_gc(display, win);
his_gc = create_gc(display, win);
refresh_gc = XCreateGC(display, win, GCGraphicsExposures, &values);
XSetForeground(display, refresh_gc, WhitePixel(display, screen_num));
XSetBackground(display, refresh_gc, WhitePixel(display, screen_num));
map = DefaultColormap(display, 0);
XParseColor(display, map, "#FFFFFF", &cols[0]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[0]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#000000", &cols[1]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[1]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#FF0000", &cols[2]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[2]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#00FF00", &cols[3]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[3]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#0000FF", &cols[4]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[4]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#FFFF00", &cols[5]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[5]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#FF00FF", &cols[6]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[6]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#00FFFF", &cols[7]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[7]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#999999", &cols[8]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[8]);
XParseColor(display, map, "#666666", &cols[9]);
XAllocColor(display, map, &cols[9]);
set_title(display, win);
back_buffer = XCreatePixmap(display, win, MAX_WIDTH, MAX_HEIGHT, DefaultDepth(display, screen_num));
XFillRectangle(display, back_buffer, refresh_gc, 0, 0, MAX_WIDTH, MAX_HEIGHT);
if(sending) {
recv_info_t info;
info.display = display;
info.window = win;
info.gc = gc;
info.his_gc = his_gc;
info.refresh_gc = refresh_gc;
info.sockfd = sockfd;
pthread_create(&recv_thread, NULL, recv_line, &info);
}
XSelectInput(display, win, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask | ButtonPressMask | Button1MotionMask | StructureNotifyMask);
XEvent an_event;
while(1) {
XNextEvent(display, &an_event);
switch(an_event.type) {
case ClientMessage:
if(an_event.xclient.data.l[0] == wm_delete) quitme(display, gc, his_gc, refresh_gc, sockfd, 0);
break;
case Expose:
handle_expose(display, refresh_gc, (XExposeEvent*)&an_event.xexpose);
break;
case ConfigureNotify:
width = an_event.xconfigure.width;
height = an_event.xconfigure.height;
break;
case ButtonPress:
handle_button_down(display, gc, (XButtonEvent*)&an_event.xbutton, width, height);
break;
case MotionNotify:
handle_drag(display, gc, (XButtonEvent*)&an_event.xbutton, width, height, sockfd);
break;
case KeyPress:
handle_key(display, win, gc, his_gc, refresh_gc, map, (XKeyEvent*)&an_event.xkey, sockfd);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
quitme(display, gc, his_gc, refresh_gc, sockfd, 0);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
Cursor font_cursor, /* handles for the cursors we will create. */
icon_cursor;
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XSync(display, False);
/* play with cursors... */
{
/* this variable will contain the ID of the newly created pixmap. */
Pixmap bitmap;
/* these variables will contain the dimensions of the loaded bitmap. */
unsigned int bitmap_width, bitmap_height;
/* these variables will contain the location of the hotspot of the */
/* loaded bitmap. */
int hotspot_x, hotspot_y;
/* load the bitmap found in the file "icon.bmp", create a pixmap */
/* containing its data in the server, and put its ID in the 'bitmap' */
/* variable. */
int rc = XReadBitmapFile(display, win,
"icon.bmp",
&bitmap_width, &bitmap_height,
&bitmap,
&hotspot_x, &hotspot_y);
/* check for failure or success. */
switch (rc) {
case BitmapOpenFailed:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - could not open file 'icon.bmp'.\n");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapFileInvalid:
fprintf(stderr,
"XReadBitmapFile - file '%s' doesn't contain a valid bitmap.\n",
"icon.bmp");
exit(1);
break;
case BitmapNoMemory:
fprintf(stderr, "XReadBitmapFile - not enough memory.\n");
exit(1);
break;
}
/* create a 'watch' cursor. */
font_cursor = XCreateFontCursor(display, XC_watch);
/* attach this cursor to our window. */
XDefineCursor(display, win, font_cursor);
XSync(display, False);
/* make a short delay. */
sleep(3);
/* detach this cursor from our window. */
XUndefineCursor(display, win);
/* create a 'box' cursor. */
font_cursor = XCreateFontCursor(display, XC_box_spiral);
/* attach this cursor to our window. */
XDefineCursor(display, win, font_cursor);
XSync(display, False);
/* make a short delay. */
sleep(3);
/* detach this cursor from our window. */
XUndefineCursor(display, win);
/* create a cursor out of our icon's pixmap. */
{
/* first, define forground and background colors for the cursor. */
XColor cursor_fg, cursor_bg;
/* access the default color map of our screen. */
Colormap screen_colormap =
DefaultColormap(display, DefaultScreen(display));
/* allocate black and while colors. */
Status rc = XAllocNamedColor(display,
screen_colormap,
"black",
&cursor_fg,
&cursor_fg);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - canot allocate 'black' !\n");
exit(1);
}
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display,
screen_colormap,
"white",
&cursor_bg,
&cursor_bg);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - canot allocate 'white' !\n");
exit(1);
}
/* finally, generate the cursor. make the 'hot spot' be close to the */
/* top-left corner of the cursor - location (x=5, y=4). */
icon_cursor = XCreatePixmapCursor(display, bitmap, bitmap,
&cursor_fg, &cursor_bg,
5, 4);
}
/* attach the icon cursor to our window. */
XDefineCursor(display, win, icon_cursor);
XSync(display, False);
/* make a short delay. */
sleep(4);
/* detach this cursor from our window. */
XUndefineCursor(display, win);
/* finally, free our icon pixmap. */
XFreePixmap(display, bitmap);
}
/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
XFlush(display);
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(4);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
return(0);
}
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc, rev_gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
short pixels[1000][1000]; /* used to store pixels on screen that were */
/* explicitly drawn or erased by the user. */
/* initialize the 'pixels' array to contain 0 values. */
{
int x, y;
for (x=0; x<1000; x++)
for (y=0; y<1000; y++)
pixels[x][y] = 0;
}
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate two new GCs (graphics contexts) for drawing in the window. */
/* the first is used for drawing black over white, the second is used */
/* for drawing white over black. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
rev_gc = create_gc(display, win, 1);
/* subscribe to the given set of event types. */
XSelectInput(display, win, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask |
ButtonPressMask | Button1MotionMask |
Button2MotionMask | Button3MotionMask | StructureNotifyMask);
/* perform an events loop */
{
int done = 0;
XEvent an_event;
while (!done) {
XNextEvent(display, &an_event);
switch (an_event.type) {
case Expose:
/* redraw our window. */
handle_expose(display, gc, rev_gc, (XExposeEvent*)&an_event.xexpose,
width, height, pixels);
break;
case ConfigureNotify:
/* update the size of our window, for expose events. */
width = an_event.xconfigure.width;
height = an_event.xconfigure.height;
break;
case ButtonPress:
/* invert the pixel under the mouse pointer. */
handle_button_down(display, gc, rev_gc,
(XButtonEvent*)&an_event.xbutton,
width, height, pixels);
break;
case MotionNotify:
/* invert the pixel under the mouse pointer. */
handle_drag(display, gc, rev_gc,
(XButtonEvent*)&an_event.xbutton,
width, height, pixels);
break;
case KeyPress:
/* exit the application by braking out of the events loop. */
done = 1;
break;
default: /* ignore any other event types. */
break;
} /* end switch on event type */
} /* end while events handling */
}
/* free the GCs. */
XFreeGC(display, gc);
XFreeGC(display, rev_gc);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
static void
da_expose(Widget w,
XtPointer client_data,
XtPointer call_data)
{
XExposeEvent *e = &((XmDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *) call_data)
->event->xexpose;
XmString *items, *selected_items, out_string, tmp_string;
Boolean underline;
int item_count, selected_count;
Widget list = (Widget) client_data;
Dimension width, height, extent, item_extent, string_height;
int i;
XmFontList font_list;
XRectangle clip;
/* Extract items, selected items and font from XmList */
XtVaGetValues(list,
XmNitems, &items,
XmNitemCount, &item_count,
XmNselectedItems, &selected_items,
XmNselectedItemCount, &selected_count,
XmNfontList, &font_list,
NULL);
XtVaGetValues(w, XmNwidth, &width, XmNheight, &height, NULL);
underline = (selected_count > 0);
create_gc(w);
extent = 0;
out_string = NULL;
/*
* Form list items into a single compound string, inserting
* separators where needed to avoid drawing outside the XmDrawingArea
*/
for (i = 0; i < item_count; i++) {
item_extent = XmStringWidth(font_list, items[i]);
if (out_string != NULL && (extent + item_extent > width)) {
extent = 0;
out_string = string_append(out_string,
XmStringSeparatorCreate());
}
tmp_string = XmStringConcat(out_string, items[i]);
XmStringFree(out_string);
out_string = tmp_string;
extent = extent + item_extent;
}
string_height = XmStringHeight(font_list, out_string);
clip.x = e->x;
clip.y = e->y;
clip.width = e->width;
clip.height = e->height;
XSetClipRectangles(XtDisplay(w), gc, 0, 0, &clip, 1, YXBanded);
/* Draw compound string, underlining the selected item if any */
if (underline)
XmStringDrawUnderline(XtDisplay(w), XtWindow(w), font_list,
out_string, gc, 0, (height - string_height) / 2, width,
XmALIGNMENT_CENTER,
XmSTRING_DIRECTION_L_TO_R, NULL,
selected_items[0]);
else
XmStringDraw(XtDisplay(w), XtWindow(w), font_list, out_string, gc,
0, (height - string_height) / 2, width,
XmALIGNMENT_CENTER,
XmSTRING_DIRECTION_L_TO_R, NULL);
XmStringFree(out_string);
}
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int win_width,
win_height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
win_width = (display_width / 3);
win_height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", win_width, win_height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, win_width, win_height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XFlush(display);
sleep(3);
/* example of resizing a window. */
{
int i;
/* start shrinking our window in a loop. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
win_width -= 3;
win_height -= 3;
XResizeWindow(display, win, win_width, win_height);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
/* start shrinking our window in a loop. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
win_width += 3;
win_height += 3;
XResizeWindow(display, win, win_width, win_height);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
}
sleep(1);
/* example of moving a window. */
{
int i;
XWindowAttributes win_attr;
int x, y;
int scr_x, scr_y;
Window child_win;
/* this variable will store the ID of the parent window of our window. */
Window parent_win;
/* first, get the current attributes of our window. */
XGetWindowAttributes(display, win, &win_attr);
x = win_attr.x;
y = win_attr.y;
/* next, find the parent window of our window. */
{
/* this variable will store the ID of the root window of the screen */
/* our window is mapped on. */
Window root_win;
/* this variable will store an array of IDs of the child windows of */
/* our window. */
Window* child_windows;
/* and this one will store the number of child windows our window has. */
int num_child_windows;
/* finally, make the query for the above values. */
XQueryTree(display, win,
&root_win,
&parent_win,
&child_windows, &num_child_windows);
/* we need to free the list of child IDs, as it was dynamically */
/* allocated by the XQueryTree function. */
XFree(child_windows);
}
/* next, translate the location coordinates to screen coordinates. */
/* this is done using the root window as the destination window. */
/* this works since the root window always spans the entire screen */
/* area, and thus has its top-left corner always at the top-left */
/* corner of the screen. */
XTranslateCoordinates(display,
parent_win, win_attr.root,
x, y,
&scr_x, &scr_y,
&child_win);
/* start moving the window to the left. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
scr_x -= 3;
XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
/* start moving the window to down. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
scr_y += 3;
XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
/* start moving the window to the right. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
scr_x += 3;
XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
/* start moving the window up. */
for (i=0; i<40; i++) {
scr_y -= 3;
XMoveWindow(display, win, scr_x, scr_y);
XFlush(display);
usleep(20000);
}
}
sleep(1);
/* example of iconifying and de-iconifying a window. */
{
/* iconify our window. */
XIconifyWindow(display, win, DefaultScreen(display));
XFlush(display);
sleep(2);
/* de-iconify our window. */
XMapWindow(display, win);
XFlush(display);
sleep(2);
}
/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
XFlush(display);
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(2);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display;
Window win;
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY");
GC gc, rev_gc;
Atom wmDelete;
struct CEventDescriptor event =
{
.Type = EVENT_NULL
};
InitGUIServer();
ClearScreen();
while (!ProcessGUIServer(&event))
;
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
win = create_simple_window(display, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, 0, 0);
wmDelete = XInternAtom(display, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", True);
XSetWMProtocols(display, win, &wmDelete, 1);
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
rev_gc = create_gc(display, win, 1);
XSelectInput(display, win, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask |
ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask);
{
int done = 0;
XEvent an_event;
while (!done) {
XNextEvent(display, &an_event);
switch (an_event.type) {
case Expose:
handle_expose(display, gc, rev_gc, (XExposeEvent*)&an_event.xexpose);
break;
case ButtonPress:
handle_button_down(display, gc, rev_gc,
(XButtonEvent*)&an_event.xbutton);
break;
case KeyPress:
done = handle_key_down(display, gc, rev_gc,
(XKeyEvent*)&an_event.xkey);
break;
case ClientMessage:
done = True;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
XFreeGC(display, gc);
XFreeGC(display, rev_gc);
XCloseDisplay(display);
return 0;
}
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Display* display; /* pointer to X Display structure. */
int screen_num; /* number of screen to place the window on. */
Window win; /* pointer to the newly created window. */
unsigned int display_width,
display_height; /* height and width of the X display. */
unsigned int width, height; /* height and width for the new window. */
char *display_name = getenv("DISPLAY"); /* address of the X display. */
GC gc; /* GC (graphics context) used for drawing */
/* in our window. */
Colormap screen_colormap; /* color map to use for allocating colors. */
XColor red, brown, blue, yellow, green;
/* used for allocation of the given color */
/* map entries. */
Status rc; /* return status of various Xlib functions. */
/* open connection with the X server. */
display = XOpenDisplay(display_name);
if (display == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot connect to X server '%s'\n",
argv[0], display_name);
exit(1);
}
/* get the geometry of the default screen for our display. */
screen_num = DefaultScreen(display);
display_width = DisplayWidth(display, screen_num);
display_height = DisplayHeight(display, screen_num);
/* make the new window occupy 1/9 of the screen's size. */
width = (display_width / 3);
height = (display_height / 3);
printf("window width - '%d'; height - '%d'\n", width, height);
/* create a simple window, as a direct child of the screen's */
/* root window. Use the screen's white color as the background */
/* color of the window. Place the new window's top-left corner */
/* at the given 'x,y' coordinates. */
win = create_simple_window(display, width, height, 0, 0);
/* allocate a new GC (graphics context) for drawing in the window. */
gc = create_gc(display, win, 0);
XSync(display, False);
/* get access to the screen's color map. */
screen_colormap = DefaultColormap(display, DefaultScreen(display));
/* allocate the set of colors we will want to use for the drawing. */
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display, screen_colormap, "red", &red, &red);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - failed to allocated 'red' color.\n");
exit(1);
}
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display, screen_colormap, "brown", &brown, &brown);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - failed to allocated 'brown' color.\n");
exit(1);
}
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display, screen_colormap, "blue", &blue, &blue);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - failed to allocated 'blue' color.\n");
exit(1);
}
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display, screen_colormap, "yellow", &yellow, &yellow);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - failed to allocated 'yellow' color.\n");
exit(1);
}
rc = XAllocNamedColor(display, screen_colormap, "green", &green, &green);
if (rc == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "XAllocNamedColor - failed to allocated 'green' color.\n");
exit(1);
}
/* draw one pixel near each corner of the window */
/* draw the pixels in a red color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, red.pixel);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, 5, 5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, 5, height-5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, width-5, 5);
XDrawPoint(display, win, gc, width-5, height-5);
/* draw two intersecting lines, one horizontal and one vertical, */
/* which intersect at point "50,100". */
/* draw the line in a brown color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, brown.pixel);
XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 50, 0, 50, 200);
XDrawLine(display, win, gc, 0, 100, 200, 100);
/* now use the XDrawArc() function to draw a circle whose diameter */
/* is 30 pixels, and whose center is at location '50,100'. */
/* draw the arc in a blue color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, blue.pixel);
XDrawArc(display, win, gc, 50-(30/2), 100-(30/2), 30, 30, 0, 360*64);
{
XPoint points[] = {
{0, 0},
{15, 15},
{0, 15},
{0, 0}
};
int npoints = sizeof(points)/sizeof(XPoint);
/* draw a small triangle at the top-left corner of the window. */
/* the triangle is made of a set of consecutive lines, whose */
/* end-point pixels are specified in the 'points' array. */
/* draw the triangle in a yellow color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, yellow.pixel);
XDrawLines(display, win, gc, points, npoints, CoordModeOrigin);
}
/* draw a rectangle whose top-left corner is at '120,150', its width is */
/* 50 pixels, and height is 60 pixels. */
/* draw the rectangle in a black color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, BlackPixel(display, screen_num));
XDrawRectangle(display, win, gc, 120, 150, 50, 60);
/* draw a filled rectangle of the same size as above, to the left of the */
/* previous rectangle. */
/* draw the rectangle in a green color. */
XSetForeground(display, gc, green.pixel);
XFillRectangle(display, win, gc, 60, 150, 50, 60);
/* flush all pending requests to the X server. */
XFlush(display);
/* make a delay for a short period. */
sleep(4);
/* close the connection to the X server. */
XCloseDisplay(display);
}