static DECLCALLBACK(int) drvHostALSAAudioInitIn(PPDMIHOSTAUDIO pInterface,
                                                PPDMAUDIOHSTSTRMIN pHstStrmIn, PPDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG pCfg,
                                                PDMAUDIORECSOURCE enmRecSource,
                                                uint32_t *pcSamples)
{
    NOREF(pInterface);
    AssertPtrReturn(pHstStrmIn, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrReturn(pCfg, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);

    int rc;

    PALSAAUDIOSTREAMIN pThisStrmIn = (PALSAAUDIOSTREAMIN)pHstStrmIn;
    snd_pcm_t *phPCM = NULL;

    do
    {
        ALSAAUDIOSTREAMCFG req;
        req.fmt         = drvHostALSAAudioFmtToALSA(pCfg->enmFormat);
        req.freq        = pCfg->uHz;
        req.nchannels   = pCfg->cChannels;
        req.period_size = s_ALSAConf.period_size_in;
        req.buffer_size = s_ALSAConf.buffer_size_in;

        ALSAAUDIOSTREAMCFG obt;
        rc = drvHostALSAAudioOpen(true /* fIn */, &req, &obt, &phPCM);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            break;

        PDMAUDIOFMT enmFormat;
        PDMAUDIOENDIANNESS enmEnd;
        rc = drvHostALSAAudioALSAToFmt(obt.fmt, &enmFormat, &enmEnd);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            break;

        PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG streamCfg;
        streamCfg.uHz           = obt.freq;
        streamCfg.cChannels     = obt.nchannels;
        streamCfg.enmFormat     = enmFormat;
        streamCfg.enmEndianness = enmEnd;

        rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&streamCfg, &pHstStrmIn->Props);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            break;

        AssertBreakStmt(obt.samples, rc = VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
        size_t cbBuf = obt.samples * (1 << pHstStrmIn->Props.cShift);
        AssertBreakStmt(cbBuf, rc = VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
        pThisStrmIn->pvBuf = RTMemAlloc(cbBuf);
        if (!pThisStrmIn->pvBuf)
        {
            LogRel(("ALSA: Not enough memory for input ADC buffer (%RU32 samples, each %d bytes)\n",
                    obt.samples, 1 << pHstStrmIn->Props.cShift));
            rc = VERR_NO_MEMORY;
            break;
        }

        pThisStrmIn->cbBuf       = cbBuf;
        pThisStrmIn->phPCM       = phPCM;

        if (pcSamples)
            *pcSamples = obt.samples;
    }
    while (0);

    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        drvHostALSAAudioClose(&phPCM);

    LogFlowFuncLeaveRC(rc);
    return rc;
}
static int tstParentChild(RTTEST hTest)
{
    RTTestSubF(hTest, "2 Children -> Parent");

    uint32_t cBufSize = _1K;

    PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG cfg_p =
    {
        44100,                   /* Hz */
        2                        /* Channels */,
        AUD_FMT_S16              /* Format */,
        PDMAUDIOENDIANESS_LITTLE /* Endianess */
    };
    PDMPCMPROPS props;

    int rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&cfg_p, &props);
    AssertRC(rc);

    PDMAUDIOMIXBUF parent;
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufInit(&parent, "Parent", &props, cBufSize));

    PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG cfg_c1 = /* Upmixing to parent */
    {
        22100,                   /* Hz */
        2                        /* Channels */,
        AUD_FMT_S16              /* Format */,
        PDMAUDIOENDIANESS_LITTLE /* Endianess */
    };

    rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&cfg_c1, &props);
    AssertRC(rc);

    PDMAUDIOMIXBUF child1;
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufInit(&child1, "Child1", &props, cBufSize));
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufLinkTo(&child1, &parent));

    PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG cfg_c2 = /* Downmixing to parent */
    {
        48000,                   /* Hz */
        2                        /* Channels */,
        AUD_FMT_S16              /* Format */,
        PDMAUDIOENDIANESS_LITTLE /* Endianess */
    };

    rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&cfg_c2, &props);
    AssertRC(rc);

    PDMAUDIOMIXBUF child2;
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufInit(&child2, "Child2", &props, cBufSize));
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufLinkTo(&child2, &parent));

    /*
     * Writing + mixing from child/children -> parent, sequential.
     */
    size_t cbBuf = _1K;
    char pvBuf[_1K];
    int16_t samples[32] = { 0xAA, 0xBB };
    uint32_t free, read , written, proc, mixed, temp;

    uint32_t cChild1Free     = cBufSize;
    uint32_t cChild1Mixed    = 0;
    uint32_t cSamplesParent1 = 16;
    uint32_t cSamplesChild1  = 16;

    uint32_t cChild2Free     = cBufSize;
    uint32_t cChild2Mixed    = 0;
    uint32_t cSamplesParent2 = 16;
    uint32_t cSamplesChild2  = 16;

    uint32_t t = RTRandU32() % 64;

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < t; i++)
    {
        RTTestPrintf(hTest, RTTESTLVL_DEBUG, "i=%RU32\n", i);
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK_BREAK(audioMixBufWriteAt(&child1, 0, &samples, sizeof(samples), &written));
        RTTESTI_CHECK_MSG_BREAK(written == cSamplesChild1, ("Child1: Expected %RU32 written samples, got %RU32\n", cSamplesChild1, written));
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK_BREAK(audioMixBufMixToParent(&child1, written, &mixed));
        temp = audioMixBufProcessed(&parent) - audioMixBufMixed(&child2);
        RTTESTI_CHECK_MSG_BREAK(audioMixBufMixed(&child1) == temp, ("Child1: Expected %RU32 mixed samples, got %RU32\n", audioMixBufMixed(&child1), temp));

        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK_BREAK(audioMixBufWriteAt(&child2, 0, &samples, sizeof(samples), &written));
        RTTESTI_CHECK_MSG_BREAK(written == cSamplesChild2, ("Child2: Expected %RU32 written samples, got %RU32\n", cSamplesChild2, written));
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK_BREAK(audioMixBufMixToParent(&child2, written, &mixed));
        temp = audioMixBufProcessed(&parent) - audioMixBufMixed(&child1);
        RTTESTI_CHECK_MSG_BREAK(audioMixBufMixed(&child2) == temp, ("Child2: Expected %RU32 mixed samples, got %RU32\n", audioMixBufMixed(&child2), temp));
    }

    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&parent) == audioMixBufMixed(&child1) + audioMixBufMixed(&child2));

    for (;;)
    {
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK_BREAK(audioMixBufReadCirc(&parent, pvBuf, cbBuf, &read));
        if (!read)
            break;
        audioMixBufFinish(&parent, read);
    }

    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&parent) == 0);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufMixed(&child1) == 0);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufMixed(&child2) == 0);

    return RTTestSubErrorCount(hTest) ? VERR_GENERAL_FAILURE : VINF_SUCCESS;
}
static int tstSingle(RTTEST hTest)
{
    RTTestSubF(hTest, "Single buffer");

    PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG config =
    {
        44100,                   /* Hz */
        2                        /* Channels */,
        AUD_FMT_S16              /* Format */,
        PDMAUDIOENDIANESS_LITTLE /* Endianess */
    };
    PDMPCMPROPS props;

    int rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&config, &props);
    AssertRC(rc);

    uint32_t cBufSize = _1K;

    /*
     * General stuff.
     */
    PDMAUDIOMIXBUF mb;
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufInit(&mb, "Single", &props, cBufSize));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufSize(&mb) == cBufSize);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(AUDIOMIXBUF_B2S(&mb,  audioMixBufSizeBytes(&mb)) == cBufSize);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, audioMixBufSize(&mb)) == audioMixBufSizeBytes(&mb));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFree(&mb) == cBufSize);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, audioMixBufFree(&mb)) == audioMixBufFreeBytes(&mb));

    /*
     * Absolute writes.
     */
    uint32_t read  = 0, written = 0, written_abs = 0;
    int8_t  samples8 [2] = { 0x12, 0x34 };
    int16_t samples16[2] = { 0xAA, 0xBB };
    int32_t samples32[2] = { 0xCC, 0xDD };
    int64_t samples64[2] = { 0xEE, 0xFF };

    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufWriteAt(&mb, 0, &samples8, sizeof(samples8), &written));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(written == 0 /* Samples */);

    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufWriteAt(&mb, 0, &samples16, sizeof(samples16), &written));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(written == 1 /* Samples */);

    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufWriteAt(&mb, 2, &samples32, sizeof(samples32), &written));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(written == 2 /* Samples */);
    written_abs = 0;

    /* Beyond buffer. */
    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC(audioMixBufWriteAt(&mb, audioMixBufSize(&mb) + 1, &samples16, sizeof(samples16),
                                        &written), VERR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);

    /*
     * Circular writes.
     */
    size_t cToWrite = audioMixBufSize(&mb) - written_abs - 1; /* -1 as padding plus -2 samples for above. */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < cToWrite; i++)
    {
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufWriteCirc(&mb, &samples16, sizeof(samples16), &written));
        RTTESTI_CHECK(written == 1);
    }
    RTTESTI_CHECK(!audioMixBufIsEmpty(&mb));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFree(&mb) == 1);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFreeBytes(&mb) == AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, 1U));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&mb) == cToWrite + written_abs /* + last absolute write */);

    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufWriteCirc(&mb, &samples16, sizeof(samples16), &written));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(written == 1);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFree(&mb) == 0);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFreeBytes(&mb) == AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, 0));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&mb) == cBufSize);

    /* Circular reads. */
    size_t cToRead = audioMixBufSize(&mb) - written_abs - 1;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < cToWrite; i++)
    {
        RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufReadCirc(&mb, &samples16, sizeof(samples16), &read));
        RTTESTI_CHECK(read == 1);
        audioMixBufFinish(&mb, read);
    }
    RTTESTI_CHECK(!audioMixBufIsEmpty(&mb));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFree(&mb) == audioMixBufSize(&mb) - written_abs - 1);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFreeBytes(&mb) == AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, cBufSize - written_abs - 1));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&mb) == cBufSize - cToRead + written_abs);

    RTTESTI_CHECK_RC_OK(audioMixBufReadCirc(&mb, &samples16, sizeof(samples16), &read));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(read == 1);
    audioMixBufFinish(&mb, read);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFree(&mb) == cBufSize - written_abs);
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufFreeBytes(&mb) == AUDIOMIXBUF_S2B(&mb, cBufSize - written_abs));
    RTTESTI_CHECK(audioMixBufProcessed(&mb) == written_abs);

    return RTTestSubErrorCount(hTest) ? VERR_GENERAL_FAILURE : VINF_SUCCESS;
}
static DECLCALLBACK(int) drvHostPulseAudioInitOut(PPDMIHOSTAUDIO pInterface,
                                                  PPDMAUDIOHSTSTRMOUT pHstStrmOut, PPDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG pCfg,
                                                  uint32_t *pcSamples)
{
    AssertPtrReturn(pInterface, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrReturn(pHstStrmOut, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    AssertPtrReturn(pCfg, VERR_INVALID_POINTER);
    /* pcSamples is optional. */

    PDRVHOSTPULSEAUDIO pDrv = PDMIHOSTAUDIO_2_DRVHOSTPULSEAUDIO(pInterface);
    PPULSEAUDIOSTREAM pThisStrmOut = (PPULSEAUDIOSTREAM)pHstStrmOut;

    LogFlowFuncEnter();

    pThisStrmOut->pDrainOp            = NULL;

    pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.format   = drvHostPulseAudioFmtToPulse(pCfg->enmFormat);
    pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.rate     = pCfg->uHz;
    pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.channels = pCfg->cChannels;

    /* Note that setting maxlength to -1 does not work on PulseAudio servers
     * older than 0.9.10. So use the suggested value of 3/2 of tlength */
    pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.tlength     =   (pa_bytes_per_second(&pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec)
                                        * s_pulseCfg.buffer_msecs_out) / 1000;
    pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.maxlength   = (pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.tlength * 3) / 2;
    pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.prebuf      = -1; /* Same as tlength */
    pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.minreq      = -1; /* Pulse should set something sensible for minreq on it's own */

    /* Note that the struct BufAttr is updated to the obtained values after this call! */
    char achName[64];
    RTStrPrintf(achName, sizeof(achName), "%.32s (out)", pDrv->pszStreamName);
    int rc = drvHostPulseAudioOpen(false /* fIn */, achName, &pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec, &pThisStrmOut->BufAttr,
                                   &pThisStrmOut->pStream);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        return rc;

    PDMAUDIOSTREAMCFG streamCfg;
    rc = drvHostPulseAudioPulseToFmt(pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.format,
                                     &streamCfg.enmFormat, &streamCfg.enmEndianness);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        LogRel(("PulseAudio: Cannot find audio output format %ld\n", pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.format));
        return rc;
    }

    streamCfg.uHz       = pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.rate;
    streamCfg.cChannels = pThisStrmOut->SampleSpec.channels;

    rc = drvAudioStreamCfgToProps(&streamCfg, &pHstStrmOut->Props);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        uint32_t cbBuf  = RT_MIN(pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.tlength * 2,
                                 pThisStrmOut->BufAttr.maxlength); /** @todo Make this configurable! */
        if (cbBuf)
        {
            pThisStrmOut->pvPCMBuf = RTMemAllocZ(cbBuf);
            if (pThisStrmOut->pvPCMBuf)
            {
                pThisStrmOut->cbPCMBuf = cbBuf;

                uint32_t cSamples = cbBuf >> pHstStrmOut->Props.cShift;
                if (pcSamples)
                    *pcSamples = cSamples;

                /* Save pointer to driver instance. */
                pThisStrmOut->pDrv = pDrv;

                LogFunc(("cbBuf=%RU32, cSamples=%RU32\n", cbBuf, cSamples));
            }
            else
                rc = VERR_NO_MEMORY;
        }