/**
Purpose
-------
SSYEVD computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of
a real symmetric matrix A. If eigenvectors are desired, it uses a
divide and conquer algorithm.
The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
without guard digits, but we know of none.
Arguments
---------
@param[in]
jobz magma_vec_t
- = MagmaNoVec: Compute eigenvalues only;
- = MagmaVec: Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
@param[in]
uplo magma_uplo_t
- = MagmaUpper: Upper triangle of A is stored;
- = MagmaLower: Lower triangle of A is stored.
@param[in]
n INTEGER
The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
@param[in,out]
A REAL array, dimension (LDA, N)
On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaUpper, the
leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the
upper triangular part of the matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaLower,
the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains
the lower triangular part of the matrix A.
On exit, if JOBZ = MagmaVec, then if INFO = 0, A contains the
orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix A.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then on exit the lower triangle (if UPLO=MagmaLower)
or the upper triangle (if UPLO=MagmaUpper) of A, including the
diagonal, is destroyed.
@param[in]
lda INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
@param[out]
w REAL array, dimension (N)
If INFO = 0, the eigenvalues in ascending order.
@param[out]
work (workspace) REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK[0] returns the optimal LWORK.
@param[in]
lwork INTEGER
The length of the array WORK.
If N <= 1, LWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LWORK >= 2*N + N*NB.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LWORK >= max( 2*N + N*NB, 1 + 6*N + 2*N**2 ).
NB can be obtained through magma_get_ssytrd_nb(N).
\n
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and IWORK
arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK
and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or
LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
iwork (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK[0] returns the optimal LIWORK.
@param[in]
liwork INTEGER
The dimension of the array IWORK.
If N <= 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 3 + 5*N.
\n
If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the
routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and
IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of
the WORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to
LWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
info INTEGER
- = 0: successful exit
- < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
- > 0: if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then the algorithm failed
to converge; i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
tridiagonal form did not converge to zero;
if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaVec, then the algorithm failed
to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix
lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through
mod(INFO,N+1).
Further Details
---------------
Based on contributions by
Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California
at Berkeley, USA
Modified description of INFO. Sven, 16 Feb 05.
@ingroup magma_ssyev_driver
********************************************************************/
extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_ssyevd(magma_vec_t jobz, magma_uplo_t uplo,
magma_int_t n,
float *A, magma_int_t lda,
float *w,
float *work, magma_int_t lwork,
magma_int_t *iwork, magma_int_t liwork,
magma_int_t *info)
{
const char* uplo_ = lapack_uplo_const( uplo );
const char* jobz_ = lapack_vec_const( jobz );
magma_int_t ione = 1;
magma_int_t izero = 0;
float d_one = 1.;
float d__1;
float eps;
magma_int_t inde;
float anrm;
float rmin, rmax;
float sigma;
magma_int_t iinfo, lwmin;
magma_int_t lower;
magma_int_t wantz;
magma_int_t indwk2, llwrk2;
magma_int_t iscale;
float safmin;
float bignum;
magma_int_t indtau;
magma_int_t indwrk, liwmin;
magma_int_t llwork;
float smlnum;
magma_int_t lquery;
float* dwork;
wantz = (jobz == MagmaVec);
lower = (uplo == MagmaLower);
lquery = (lwork == -1 || liwork == -1);
*info = 0;
if (! (wantz || (jobz == MagmaNoVec))) {
*info = -1;
} else if (! (lower || (uplo == MagmaUpper))) {
*info = -2;
} else if (n < 0) {
*info = -3;
} else if (lda < max(1,n)) {
*info = -5;
}
magma_int_t nb = magma_get_ssytrd_nb( n );
if ( n <= 1 ) {
lwmin = 1;
liwmin = 1;
}
else if ( wantz ) {
lwmin = max( 2*n + n*nb, 1 + 6*n + 2*n*n );
liwmin = 3 + 5*n;
}
else {
lwmin = 2*n + n*nb;
liwmin = 1;
}
// multiply by 1+eps to ensure length gets rounded up,
// if it cannot be exactly represented in floating point.
float one_eps = 1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon");
work[0] = lwmin * one_eps;
iwork[0] = liwmin;
if ((lwork < lwmin) && !lquery) {
*info = -8;
} else if ((liwork < liwmin) && ! lquery) {
*info = -10;
}
if (*info != 0) {
magma_xerbla( __func__, -(*info) );
return *info;
}
else if (lquery) {
return *info;
}
/* Quick return if possible */
if (n == 0) {
return *info;
}
if (n == 1) {
w[0] = A[0];
if (wantz) {
A[0] = 1.;
}
return *info;
}
/* Check if matrix is very small then just call LAPACK on CPU, no need for GPU */
if (n <= 128) {
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" warning matrix too small N=%d NB=%d, calling lapack on CPU \n", (int) n, (int) nb);
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
#endif
lapackf77_ssyevd(jobz_, uplo_,
&n, A, &lda,
w, work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork, info);
return *info;
}
/* Get machine constants. */
safmin = lapackf77_slamch("Safe minimum");
eps = lapackf77_slamch("Precision");
smlnum = safmin / eps;
bignum = 1. / smlnum;
rmin = magma_ssqrt(smlnum);
rmax = magma_ssqrt(bignum);
/* Scale matrix to allowable range, if necessary. */
anrm = lapackf77_slansy("M", uplo_, &n, A, &lda, work );
iscale = 0;
if (anrm > 0. && anrm < rmin) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmin / anrm;
} else if (anrm > rmax) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmax / anrm;
}
if (iscale == 1) {
lapackf77_slascl(uplo_, &izero, &izero, &d_one, &sigma, &n, &n, A,
&lda, info);
}
/* Call SSYTRD to reduce symmetric matrix to tridiagonal form. */
// ssytrd work: e (n) + tau (n) + llwork (n*nb) ==> 2n + n*nb
// sstedx work: e (n) + tau (n) + z (n*n) + llwrk2 (1 + 4*n + n^2) ==> 1 + 6n + 2n^2
inde = 0;
indtau = inde + n;
indwrk = indtau + n;
indwk2 = indwrk + n*n;
llwork = lwork - indwrk;
llwrk2 = lwork - indwk2;
magma_ssytrd(uplo, n, A, lda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], &work[indwrk], llwork, &iinfo);
/* For eigenvalues only, call SSTERF. For eigenvectors, first call
SSTEDC to generate the eigenvector matrix, WORK(INDWRK), of the
tridiagonal matrix, then call SORMTR to multiply it to the Householder
transformations represented as Householder vectors in A. */
if (! wantz) {
lapackf77_ssterf(&n, w, &work[inde], info);
}
else {
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dwork, 3*n*(n/2 + 1) )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
// TTT Possible bug for n < 128
magma_sstedx(311, n, 0., 0., 0, 0, w, &work[inde],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2],
llwrk2, iwork, liwork, dwork, info);
magma_free( dwork );
magma_sormtr(MagmaLeft, uplo, MagmaNoTrans, n, n, A, lda, &work[indtau],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2], llwrk2, &iinfo);
lapackf77_slacpy("A", &n, &n, &work[indwrk], &n, A, &lda);
}
/* If matrix was scaled, then rescale eigenvalues appropriately. */
if (iscale == 1) {
d__1 = 1. / sigma;
blasf77_sscal(&n, &d__1, w, &ione);
}
work[0] = lwmin * one_eps; // round up
iwork[0] = liwmin;
return *info;
} /* magma_ssyevd */
/**
Purpose
-------
SSYEVDX computes selected eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors
of a real symmetric matrix A. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors can
be selected by specifying either a range of values or a range of
indices for the desired eigenvalues.
If eigenvectors are desired, it uses a divide and conquer algorithm.
The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
without guard digits, but we know of none.
Arguments
---------
@param[in]
jobz magma_vec_t
- = MagmaNoVec: Compute eigenvalues only;
- = MagmaVec: Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
@param[in]
range magma_range_t
- = MagmaRangeAll: all eigenvalues will be found.
- = MagmaRangeV: all eigenvalues in the half-open interval (VL,VU]
will be found.
- = MagmaRangeI: the IL-th through IU-th eigenvalues will be found.
@param[in]
uplo magma_uplo_t
- = MagmaUpper: Upper triangle of A is stored;
- = MagmaLower: Lower triangle of A is stored.
@param[in]
n INTEGER
The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
@param[in,out]
dA REAL array on the GPU,
dimension (LDDA, N).
On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaUpper, the
leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the
upper triangular part of the matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaLower,
the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains
the lower triangular part of the matrix A.
On exit, if JOBZ = MagmaVec, then if INFO = 0, the first m columns
of A contains the required
orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix A.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then on exit the lower triangle (if UPLO=MagmaLower)
or the upper triangle (if UPLO=MagmaUpper) of A, including the
diagonal, is destroyed.
@param[in]
ldda INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array DA. LDDA >= max(1,N).
@param[in]
vl REAL
@param[in]
vu REAL
If RANGE=MagmaRangeV, the lower and upper bounds of the interval to
be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU.
Not referenced if RANGE = MagmaRangeAll or MagmaRangeI.
@param[in]
il INTEGER
@param[in]
iu INTEGER
If RANGE=MagmaRangeI, the indices (in ascending order) of the
smallest and largest eigenvalues to be returned.
1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0; IL = 1 and IU = 0 if N = 0.
Not referenced if RANGE = MagmaRangeAll or MagmaRangeV.
@param[out]
m INTEGER
The total number of eigenvalues found. 0 <= M <= N.
If RANGE = MagmaRangeAll, M = N, and if RANGE = MagmaRangeI, M = IU-IL+1.
@param[out]
w REAL array, dimension (N)
If INFO = 0, the required m eigenvalues in ascending order.
@param
wA (workspace) REAL array, dimension (LDWA, N)
@param[in]
ldwa INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array wA. LDWA >= max(1,N).
@param[out]
work (workspace) REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK[0] returns the optimal LWORK.
@param[in]
lwork INTEGER
The length of the array WORK.
If N <= 1, LWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LWORK >= 2*N + N*NB.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LWORK >= max( 2*N + N*NB, 1 + 6*N + 2*N**2 ).
NB can be obtained through magma_get_ssytrd_nb(N).
\n
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and IWORK
arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK
and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or
LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
iwork (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK[0] returns the optimal LIWORK.
@param[in]
liwork INTEGER
The dimension of the array IWORK.
If N <= 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 3 + 5*N.
\n
If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the
routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and
IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of
the WORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to
LWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
info INTEGER
- = 0: successful exit
- < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
- > 0: if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then the algorithm failed
to converge; i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
tridiagonal form did not converge to zero;
if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaVec, then the algorithm failed
to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix
lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through
mod(INFO,N+1).
Further Details
---------------
Based on contributions by
Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California
at Berkeley, USA
Modified description of INFO. Sven, 16 Feb 05.
@ingroup magma_ssyev_driver
********************************************************************/
extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_ssyevdx_gpu(magma_vec_t jobz, magma_range_t range, magma_uplo_t uplo,
magma_int_t n,
float *dA, magma_int_t ldda,
float vl, float vu, magma_int_t il, magma_int_t iu,
magma_int_t *m, float *w,
float *wA, magma_int_t ldwa,
float *work, magma_int_t lwork,
magma_int_t *iwork, magma_int_t liwork,
magma_int_t *info)
{
magma_int_t ione = 1;
float d__1;
float eps;
magma_int_t inde;
float anrm;
float rmin, rmax;
float sigma;
magma_int_t iinfo, lwmin;
magma_int_t lower;
magma_int_t wantz;
magma_int_t indwk2, llwrk2;
magma_int_t iscale;
float safmin;
float bignum;
magma_int_t indtau;
magma_int_t indwrk, liwmin;
magma_int_t llwork;
float smlnum;
magma_int_t lquery;
magma_int_t alleig, valeig, indeig;
float *dwork;
magma_int_t lddc = ldda;
wantz = (jobz == MagmaVec);
lower = (uplo == MagmaLower);
alleig = (range == MagmaRangeAll);
valeig = (range == MagmaRangeV);
indeig = (range == MagmaRangeI);
lquery = (lwork == -1 || liwork == -1);
*info = 0;
if (! (wantz || (jobz == MagmaNoVec))) {
*info = -1;
} else if (! (alleig || valeig || indeig)) {
*info = -2;
} else if (! (lower || (uplo == MagmaUpper))) {
*info = -3;
} else if (n < 0) {
*info = -4;
} else if (ldda < max(1,n)) {
*info = -6;
} else if (ldwa < max(1,n)) {
*info = -14;
} else {
if (valeig) {
if (n > 0 && vu <= vl) {
*info = -8;
}
} else if (indeig) {
if (il < 1 || il > max(1,n)) {
*info = -9;
} else if (iu < min(n,il) || iu > n) {
*info = -10;
}
}
}
magma_int_t nb = magma_get_ssytrd_nb( n );
if ( n <= 1 ) {
lwmin = 1;
liwmin = 1;
}
else if ( wantz ) {
lwmin = max( 2*n + n*nb, 1 + 6*n + 2*n*n );
liwmin = 3 + 5*n;
}
else {
lwmin = 2*n + n*nb;
liwmin = 1;
}
// multiply by 1+eps (in Double!) to ensure length gets rounded up,
// if it cannot be exactly represented in floating point.
real_Double_t one_eps = 1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon");
work[0] = lwmin * one_eps;
iwork[0] = liwmin;
if ((lwork < lwmin) && !lquery) {
*info = -16;
} else if ((liwork < liwmin) && ! lquery) {
*info = -18;
}
if (*info != 0) {
magma_xerbla( __func__, -(*info) );
return *info;
}
else if (lquery) {
return *info;
}
/* Check if matrix is very small then just call LAPACK on CPU, no need for GPU */
if (n <= 128) {
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" warning matrix too small N=%d NB=%d, calling lapack on CPU \n", (int) n, (int) nb);
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
#endif
const char* jobz_ = lapack_vec_const( jobz );
const char* uplo_ = lapack_uplo_const( uplo );
float *A;
magma_smalloc_cpu( &A, n*n );
magma_sgetmatrix(n, n, dA, ldda, A, n);
lapackf77_ssyevd(jobz_, uplo_,
&n, A, &n,
w, work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork, info);
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, A, n, dA, ldda);
magma_free_cpu(A);
return *info;
}
magma_queue_t stream;
magma_queue_create( &stream );
// n*lddc for ssytrd2_gpu
// n for slansy
magma_int_t ldwork = n*lddc;
if ( wantz ) {
// need 3n^2/2 for sstedx
ldwork = max( ldwork, 3*n*(n/2 + 1));
}
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dwork, ldwork )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
/* Get machine constants. */
safmin = lapackf77_slamch("Safe minimum");
eps = lapackf77_slamch("Precision");
smlnum = safmin / eps;
bignum = 1. / smlnum;
rmin = magma_ssqrt(smlnum);
rmax = magma_ssqrt(bignum);
/* Scale matrix to allowable range, if necessary. */
anrm = magmablas_slansy(MagmaMaxNorm, uplo, n, dA, ldda, dwork);
iscale = 0;
sigma = 1;
if (anrm > 0. && anrm < rmin) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmin / anrm;
} else if (anrm > rmax) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmax / anrm;
}
if (iscale == 1) {
magmablas_slascl(uplo, 0, 0, 1., sigma, n, n, dA, ldda, info);
}
/* Call SSYTRD to reduce symmetric matrix to tridiagonal form. */
// ssytrd work: e (n) + tau (n) + llwork (n*nb) ==> 2n + n*nb
// sstedx work: e (n) + tau (n) + z (n*n) + llwrk2 (1 + 4*n + n^2) ==> 1 + 6n + 2n^2
inde = 0;
indtau = inde + n;
indwrk = indtau + n;
indwk2 = indwrk + n*n;
llwork = lwork - indwrk;
llwrk2 = lwork - indwk2;
magma_timer_t time=0;
timer_start( time );
#ifdef FAST_SYMV
magma_ssytrd2_gpu(uplo, n, dA, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wA, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
dwork, n*lddc, &iinfo);
#else
magma_ssytrd_gpu(uplo, n, dA, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wA, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
&iinfo);
#endif
timer_stop( time );
timer_printf( "time ssytrd = %6.2f\n", time );
/* For eigenvalues only, call SSTERF. For eigenvectors, first call
SSTEDC to generate the eigenvector matrix, WORK(INDWRK), of the
tridiagonal matrix, then call SORMTR to multiply it to the Householder
transformations represented as Householder vectors in A. */
if (! wantz) {
lapackf77_ssterf(&n, w, &work[inde], info);
magma_smove_eig(range, n, w, &il, &iu, vl, vu, m);
}
else {
timer_start( time );
magma_sstedx(range, n, vl, vu, il, iu, w, &work[inde],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2],
llwrk2, iwork, liwork, dwork, info);
timer_stop( time );
timer_printf( "time sstedx = %6.2f\n", time );
timer_start( time );
magma_smove_eig(range, n, w, &il, &iu, vl, vu, m);
magma_ssetmatrix( n, *m, &work[indwrk + n* (il-1) ], n, dwork, lddc );
magma_sormtr_gpu(MagmaLeft, uplo, MagmaNoTrans, n, *m, dA, ldda, &work[indtau],
dwork, lddc, wA, ldwa, &iinfo);
magma_scopymatrix( n, *m, dwork, lddc, dA, ldda );
timer_stop( time );
timer_printf( "time sormtr + copy = %6.2f\n", time );
}
/* If matrix was scaled, then rescale eigenvalues appropriately. */
if (iscale == 1) {
d__1 = 1. / sigma;
blasf77_sscal(&n, &d__1, w, &ione);
}
work[0] = lwmin * one_eps; // round up
iwork[0] = liwmin;
magma_queue_destroy( stream );
magma_free( dwork );
return *info;
} /* magma_ssyevd_gpu */
extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_ssyevdx_2stage(char jobz, char range, char uplo,
magma_int_t n,
float *a, magma_int_t lda,
float vl, float vu, magma_int_t il, magma_int_t iu,
magma_int_t *m, float *w,
float *work, magma_int_t lwork,
magma_int_t *iwork, magma_int_t liwork,
magma_int_t *info)
{
/* -- MAGMA (version 1.4.1) --
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville
Univ. of California, Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado, Denver
December 2013
Purpose
=======
ZHEEVD_2STAGE computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of a
complex Hermitian matrix A. It uses a two-stage algorithm for the tridiagonalization.
If eigenvectors are desired, it uses a divide and conquer algorithm.
The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
without guard digits, but we know of none.
Arguments
=========
JOBZ (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'N': Compute eigenvalues only;
= 'V': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
RANGE (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'A': all eigenvalues will be found.
= 'V': all eigenvalues in the half-open interval (VL,VU]
will be found.
= 'I': the IL-th through IU-th eigenvalues will be found.
UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored;
= 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored.
N (input) INTEGER
The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
A (input/output) COMPLEX_16 array, dimension (LDA, N)
On entry, the Hermitian matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the
leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the
upper triangular part of the matrix A. If UPLO = 'L',
the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains
the lower triangular part of the matrix A.
On exit, if JOBZ = 'V', then if INFO = 0, the first m columns
of A contains the required
orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix A.
If JOBZ = 'N', then on exit the lower triangle (if UPLO='L')
or the upper triangle (if UPLO='U') of A, including the
diagonal, is destroyed.
LDA (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
VL (input) REAL
VU (input) REAL
If RANGE='V', the lower and upper bounds of the interval to
be searched for eigenvalues. VL < VU.
Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'I'.
IL (input) INTEGER
IU (input) INTEGER
If RANGE='I', the indices (in ascending order) of the
smallest and largest eigenvalues to be returned.
1 <= IL <= IU <= N, if N > 0; IL = 1 and IU = 0 if N = 0.
Not referenced if RANGE = 'A' or 'V'.
M (output) INTEGER
The total number of eigenvalues found. 0 <= M <= N.
If RANGE = 'A', M = N, and if RANGE = 'I', M = IU-IL+1.
W (output) REAL array, dimension (N)
If INFO = 0, the required m eigenvalues in ascending order.
WORK (workspace/output) COMPLEX_16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.
LWORK (input) INTEGER
The length of the array WORK.
If N <= 1, LWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'N' and N > 1, LWORK >= LQ2 + N * (NB + 2).
If JOBZ = 'V' and N > 1, LWORK >= LQ2 + 1 + 6*N + 2*N**2.
where LQ2 is the size needed to store
the Q2 matrix and is returned by
MAGMA_BULGE_GET_LQ2.
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK, RWORK and
IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of
the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message
related to LWORK or LRWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
IWORK (workspace/output) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the optimal LIWORK.
LIWORK (input) INTEGER
The dimension of the array IWORK.
If N <= 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'N' and N > 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'V' and N > 1, LIWORK >= 3 + 5*N.
If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the
routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK, RWORK
and IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries
of the WORK, RWORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message
related to LWORK or LRWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
INFO (output) INTEGER
= 0: successful exit
< 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
> 0: if INFO = i and JOBZ = 'N', then the algorithm failed
to converge; i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
tridiagonal form did not converge to zero;
if INFO = i and JOBZ = 'V', then the algorithm failed
to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix
lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through
mod(INFO,N+1).
Further Details
===============
Based on contributions by
Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California
at Berkeley, USA
Modified description of INFO. Sven, 16 Feb 05.
===================================================================== */
char uplo_[2] = {uplo, 0};
char jobz_[2] = {jobz, 0};
char range_[2] = {range, 0};
float d_one = 1.;
magma_int_t ione = 1;
magma_int_t izero = 0;
float d__1;
float eps;
float anrm;
magma_int_t imax;
float rmin, rmax;
float sigma;
magma_int_t lwmin, liwmin;
magma_int_t lower;
magma_int_t wantz;
magma_int_t iscale;
float safmin;
float bignum;
float smlnum;
magma_int_t lquery;
magma_int_t alleig, valeig, indeig;
float* dwork;
/* determine the number of threads */
magma_int_t threads = magma_get_numthreads();
magma_setlapack_numthreads(threads);
wantz = lapackf77_lsame(jobz_, MagmaVecStr);
lower = lapackf77_lsame(uplo_, MagmaLowerStr);
alleig = lapackf77_lsame( range_, "A" );
valeig = lapackf77_lsame( range_, "V" );
indeig = lapackf77_lsame( range_, "I" );
lquery = lwork == -1 || liwork == -1;
*info = 0;
if (! (wantz || lapackf77_lsame(jobz_, MagmaNoVecStr))) {
*info = -1;
} else if (! (alleig || valeig || indeig)) {
*info = -2;
} else if (! (lower || lapackf77_lsame(uplo_, MagmaUpperStr))) {
*info = -3;
} else if (n < 0) {
*info = -4;
} else if (lda < max(1,n)) {
*info = -6;
} else {
if (valeig) {
if (n > 0 && vu <= vl) {
*info = -8;
}
} else if (indeig) {
if (il < 1 || il > max(1,n)) {
*info = -9;
} else if (iu < min(n,il) || iu > n) {
*info = -10;
}
}
}
magma_int_t nb = magma_get_sbulge_nb(n, threads);
magma_int_t Vblksiz = magma_sbulge_get_Vblksiz(n, nb, threads);
magma_int_t ldt = Vblksiz;
magma_int_t ldv = nb + Vblksiz;
magma_int_t blkcnt = magma_bulge_get_blkcnt(n, nb, Vblksiz);
magma_int_t lq2 = magma_sbulge_get_lq2(n, threads);
if (wantz) {
lwmin = lq2 + 1 + 6 * n + 2 * n * n;
liwmin = 5 * n + 3;
} else {
lwmin = lq2 + n * (nb + 1);
liwmin = 1;
}
work[0] = lwmin * (1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon"));
iwork[0] = liwmin;
if ((lwork < lwmin) && !lquery) {
*info = -14;
} else if ((liwork < liwmin) && ! lquery) {
*info = -16;
}
if (*info != 0) {
magma_xerbla( __func__, -(*info) );
return *info;
}
else if (lquery) {
return *info;
}
/* Quick return if possible */
if (n == 0) {
return *info;
}
if (n == 1) {
w[0] = a[0];
if (wantz) {
a[0] = MAGMA_S_ONE;
}
return *info;
}
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
printf("using %d threads\n", threads);
#endif
/* Check if matrix is very small then just call LAPACK on CPU, no need for GPU */
magma_int_t ntiles = n/nb;
if( ( ntiles < 2 ) || ( n <= 128 ) ){
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" warning matrix too small N=%d NB=%d, calling lapack on CPU \n", (int) n, (int ) nb);
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
#endif
lapackf77_ssyevd(jobz_, uplo_, &n,
a, &lda, w,
work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork,
info);
*m = n;
return *info;
}
/* Get machine constants. */
safmin = lapackf77_slamch("Safe minimum");
eps = lapackf77_slamch("Precision");
smlnum = safmin / eps;
bignum = 1. / smlnum;
rmin = magma_ssqrt(smlnum);
rmax = magma_ssqrt(bignum);
/* Scale matrix to allowable range, if necessary. */
anrm = lapackf77_slansy("M", uplo_, &n, a, &lda, work);
iscale = 0;
if (anrm > 0. && anrm < rmin) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmin / anrm;
} else if (anrm > rmax) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmax / anrm;
}
if (iscale == 1) {
lapackf77_slascl(uplo_, &izero, &izero, &d_one, &sigma, &n, &n, a,
&lda, info);
}
magma_int_t inde = 0;
magma_int_t indT2 = inde + n;
magma_int_t indTAU2 = indT2 + blkcnt*ldt*Vblksiz;
magma_int_t indV2 = indTAU2+ blkcnt*Vblksiz;
magma_int_t indtau1 = indV2 + blkcnt*ldv*Vblksiz;
magma_int_t indwrk = indtau1+ n;
magma_int_t indwk2 = indwrk + n * n;
magma_int_t llwork = lwork - indwrk;
magma_int_t llwrk2 = lwork - indwk2;
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
magma_timestr_t start, st1, st2, end;
start = get_current_time();
#endif
float *dT1;
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dT1, n*nb)) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
magma_ssytrd_sy2sb(uplo, n, nb, a, lda, &work[indtau1], &work[indwrk], llwork, dT1, threads, info);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
st1 = get_current_time();
printf(" time ssytrd_sy2sb = %6.2f\n" , GetTimerValue(start,st1)/1000.);
#endif
/* copy the input matrix into WORK(INDWRK) with band storage */
/* PAY ATTENTION THAT work[indwrk] should be able to be of size lda2*n which it should be checked in any future modification of lwork.*/
magma_int_t lda2 = 2*nb; //nb+1+(nb-1);
float* A2 = &work[indwrk];
memset(A2 , 0, n*lda2*sizeof(float));
for (magma_int_t j = 0; j < n-nb; j++)
{
cblas_scopy(nb+1, &a[j*(lda+1)], 1, &A2[j*lda2], 1);
memset(&a[j*(lda+1)], 0, (nb+1)*sizeof(float));
a[nb + j*(lda+1)] = d_one;
}
for (magma_int_t j = 0; j < nb; j++)
{
cblas_scopy(nb-j, &a[(j+n-nb)*(lda+1)], 1, &A2[(j+n-nb)*lda2], 1);
memset(&a[(j+n-nb)*(lda+1)], 0, (nb-j)*sizeof(float));
}
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
st2 = get_current_time();
printf(" time ssytrd_convert = %6.2f\n" , GetTimerValue(st1,st2)/1000.);
#endif
magma_ssytrd_sb2st(threads, uplo, n, nb, Vblksiz, A2, lda2, w, &work[inde], &work[indV2], ldv, &work[indTAU2], wantz, &work[indT2], ldt);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf(" time ssytrd_sy2st = %6.2f\n" , GetTimerValue(st2,end)/1000.);
printf(" time ssytrd = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
/* For eigenvalues only, call SSTERF. For eigenvectors, first call
ZSTEDC to generate the eigenvector matrix, WORK(INDWRK), of the
tridiagonal matrix, then call ZUNMTR to multiply it to the Householder
transformations represented as Householder vectors in A. */
if (! wantz) {
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
start = get_current_time();
#endif
lapackf77_ssterf(&n, w, &work[inde], info);
magma_smove_eig(range, n, w, &il, &iu, vl, vu, m);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf(" time sstedc = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
} else {
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
start = get_current_time();
#endif
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dwork, 3*n*(n/2 + 1) )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
magma_sstedx(range, n, vl, vu, il, iu, w, &work[inde],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2],
llwrk2, iwork, liwork, dwork, info);
magma_free( dwork );
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf(" time sstedx = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
start = get_current_time();
#endif
float *dZ;
magma_int_t lddz = n;
float *da;
magma_int_t ldda = n;
magma_smove_eig(range, n, w, &il, &iu, vl, vu, m);
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dZ, *m*lddz)) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &da, n*ldda )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
magma_sbulge_back(threads, uplo, n, nb, *m, Vblksiz, &work[indwrk + n * (il-1)], n, dZ, lddz,
&work[indV2], ldv, &work[indTAU2], &work[indT2], ldt, info);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
st1 = get_current_time();
printf(" time sbulge_back = %6.2f\n" , GetTimerValue(start,st1)/1000.);
#endif
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, a, lda, da, ldda );
magma_sormqr_gpu_2stages(MagmaLeft, MagmaNoTrans, n-nb, *m, n-nb, da+nb, ldda,
dZ+nb, n, dT1, nb, info);
magma_sgetmatrix( n, *m, dZ, lddz, a, lda );
magma_free(dT1);
magma_free(dZ);
magma_free(da);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf(" time sormqr + copy = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(st1,end)/1000.);
printf(" time eigenvectors backtransf. = %6.2f\n" , GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
}
/* If matrix was scaled, then rescale eigenvalues appropriately. */
if (iscale == 1) {
if (*info == 0) {
imax = n;
} else {
imax = *info - 1;
}
d__1 = 1. / sigma;
blasf77_sscal(&imax, &d__1, w, &ione);
}
work[0] = lwmin * (1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon"));
iwork[0] = liwmin;
return *info;
} /* magma_zheevdx_2stage */
/**
Purpose
-------
SSYEVD_GPU computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of
a real symmetric matrix A. If eigenvectors are desired, it uses a
divide and conquer algorithm.
The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
without guard digits, but we know of none.
Arguments
---------
@param[in]
jobz magma_vec_t
- = MagmaNoVec: Compute eigenvalues only;
- = MagmaVec: Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
@param[in]
uplo magma_uplo_t
- = MagmaUpper: Upper triangle of A is stored;
- = MagmaLower: Lower triangle of A is stored.
@param[in]
n INTEGER
The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
@param[in,out]
dA REAL array on the GPU,
dimension (LDDA, N).
On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaUpper, the
leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the
upper triangular part of the matrix A. If UPLO = MagmaLower,
the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains
the lower triangular part of the matrix A.
On exit, if JOBZ = MagmaVec, then if INFO = 0, A contains the
orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix A.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then on exit the lower triangle (if UPLO=MagmaLower)
or the upper triangle (if UPLO=MagmaUpper) of A, including the
diagonal, is destroyed.
@param[in]
ldda INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array DA. LDDA >= max(1,N).
@param[out]
w REAL array, dimension (N)
If INFO = 0, the eigenvalues in ascending order.
@param
wA (workspace) REAL array, dimension (LDWA, N)
@param[in]
ldwa INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array wA. LDWA >= max(1,N).
@param[out]
work (workspace) REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK[0] returns the optimal LWORK.
@param[in]
lwork INTEGER
The length of the array WORK.
If N <= 1, LWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LWORK >= 2*N + N*NB.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LWORK >= max( 2*N + N*NB, 1 + 6*N + 2*N**2 ).
NB can be obtained through magma_get_ssytrd_nb(N).
\n
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and IWORK
arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK
and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or
LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
iwork (workspace) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK[0] returns the optimal LIWORK.
@param[in]
liwork INTEGER
The dimension of the array IWORK.
If N <= 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaNoVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = MagmaVec and N > 1, LIWORK >= 3 + 5*N.
\n
If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the
routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and
IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of
the WORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to
LWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
@param[out]
info INTEGER
- = 0: successful exit
- < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
- > 0: if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaNoVec, then the algorithm failed
to converge; i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
tridiagonal form did not converge to zero;
if INFO = i and JOBZ = MagmaVec, then the algorithm failed
to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix
lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through
mod(INFO,N+1).
Further Details
---------------
Based on contributions by
Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California
at Berkeley, USA
Modified description of INFO. Sven, 16 Feb 05.
@ingroup magma_ssyev_driver
********************************************************************/
extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_ssyevd_gpu(
magma_vec_t jobz, magma_uplo_t uplo,
magma_int_t n,
magmaFloat_ptr dA, magma_int_t ldda,
float *w,
float *wA, magma_int_t ldwa,
float *work, magma_int_t lwork,
#ifdef COMPLEX
float *rwork, magma_int_t lrwork,
#endif
magma_int_t *iwork, magma_int_t liwork,
magma_int_t *info)
{
magma_int_t ione = 1;
float d__1;
float eps;
magma_int_t inde;
float anrm;
float rmin, rmax;
float sigma;
magma_int_t iinfo, lwmin;
magma_int_t lower;
magma_int_t wantz;
magma_int_t indwk2, llwrk2;
magma_int_t iscale;
float safmin;
float bignum;
magma_int_t indtau;
magma_int_t indwrk, liwmin;
magma_int_t llwork;
float smlnum;
magma_int_t lquery;
magmaFloat_ptr dwork;
magma_int_t lddc = ldda;
wantz = (jobz == MagmaVec);
lower = (uplo == MagmaLower);
lquery = (lwork == -1 || liwork == -1);
*info = 0;
if (! (wantz || (jobz == MagmaNoVec))) {
*info = -1;
} else if (! (lower || (uplo == MagmaUpper))) {
*info = -2;
} else if (n < 0) {
*info = -3;
} else if (ldda < max(1,n)) {
*info = -5;
}
magma_int_t nb = magma_get_ssytrd_nb( n );
if ( n <= 1 ) {
lwmin = 1;
liwmin = 1;
}
else if ( wantz ) {
lwmin = max( 2*n + n*nb, 1 + 6*n + 2*n*n );
liwmin = 3 + 5*n;
}
else {
lwmin = 2*n + n*nb;
liwmin = 1;
}
work[0] = magma_smake_lwork( lwmin );
iwork[0] = liwmin;
if ((lwork < lwmin) && !lquery) {
*info = -10;
} else if ((liwork < liwmin) && ! lquery) {
*info = -12;
}
if (*info != 0) {
magma_xerbla( __func__, -(*info) );
return *info;
}
else if (lquery) {
return *info;
}
magma_queue_t queue;
magma_device_t cdev;
magma_getdevice( &cdev );
magma_queue_create( cdev, &queue );
/* If matrix is very small, then just call LAPACK on CPU, no need for GPU */
if (n <= 128) {
magma_int_t lda = n;
float *A;
magma_smalloc_cpu( &A, lda*n );
magma_sgetmatrix( n, n, dA, ldda, A, lda, queue );
lapackf77_ssyevd( lapack_vec_const(jobz), lapack_uplo_const(uplo),
&n, A, &lda,
w, work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork, info );
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, A, lda, dA, ldda, queue );
magma_free_cpu( A );
magma_queue_destroy( queue );
return *info;
}
// ssytrd2_gpu requires ldda*ceildiv(n,64) + 2*ldda*nb
// sormtr_gpu requires lddc*n
// slansy requires n
magma_int_t ldwork = max( ldda*magma_ceildiv(n,64) + 2*ldda*nb, lddc*n );
ldwork = max( ldwork, n );
if ( wantz ) {
// sstedx requires 3n^2/2
ldwork = max( ldwork, 3*n*(n/2 + 1) );
}
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dwork, ldwork )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
/* Get machine constants. */
safmin = lapackf77_slamch("Safe minimum");
eps = lapackf77_slamch("Precision");
smlnum = safmin / eps;
bignum = 1. / smlnum;
rmin = magma_ssqrt( smlnum );
rmax = magma_ssqrt( bignum );
/* Scale matrix to allowable range, if necessary. */
anrm = magmablas_slansy( MagmaMaxNorm, uplo, n, dA, ldda, dwork, ldwork, queue );
iscale = 0;
sigma = 1;
if (anrm > 0. && anrm < rmin) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmin / anrm;
} else if (anrm > rmax) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmax / anrm;
}
if (iscale == 1) {
magmablas_slascl( uplo, 0, 0, 1., sigma, n, n, dA, ldda, queue, info );
}
/* Call SSYTRD to reduce symmetric matrix to tridiagonal form. */
// ssytrd work: e (n) + tau (n) + llwork (n*nb) ==> 2n + n*nb
// sstedx work: e (n) + tau (n) + z (n*n) + llwrk2 (1 + 4*n + n^2) ==> 1 + 6n + 2n^2
inde = 0;
indtau = inde + n;
indwrk = indtau + n;
indwk2 = indwrk + n*n;
llwork = lwork - indwrk;
llwrk2 = lwork - indwk2;
magma_timer_t time=0;
timer_start( time );
#ifdef FAST_SYMV
magma_ssytrd2_gpu( uplo, n, dA, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wA, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
dwork, ldwork, &iinfo );
#else
magma_ssytrd_gpu( uplo, n, dA, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wA, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
&iinfo );
#endif
timer_stop( time );
#ifdef FAST_SYMV
timer_printf( "time ssytrd2 = %6.2f\n", time );
#else
timer_printf( "time ssytrd = %6.2f\n", time );
#endif
/* For eigenvalues only, call SSTERF. For eigenvectors, first call
SSTEDC to generate the eigenvector matrix, WORK(INDWRK), of the
tridiagonal matrix, then call SORMTR to multiply it to the Householder
transformations represented as Householder vectors in A. */
if (! wantz) {
lapackf77_ssterf( &n, w, &work[inde], info );
}
else {
timer_start( time );
magma_sstedx( MagmaRangeAll, n, 0., 0., 0, 0, w, &work[inde],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2],
llwrk2, iwork, liwork, dwork, info );
timer_stop( time );
timer_printf( "time sstedx = %6.2f\n", time );
timer_start( time );
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, &work[indwrk], n, dwork, lddc, queue );
magma_sormtr_gpu( MagmaLeft, uplo, MagmaNoTrans, n, n, dA, ldda, &work[indtau],
dwork, lddc, wA, ldwa, &iinfo );
magma_scopymatrix( n, n, dwork, lddc, dA, ldda, queue );
timer_stop( time );
timer_printf( "time sormtr + copy = %6.2f\n", time );
}
/* If matrix was scaled, then rescale eigenvalues appropriately. */
if (iscale == 1) {
d__1 = 1. / sigma;
blasf77_sscal( &n, &d__1, w, &ione );
}
work[0] = magma_smake_lwork( lwmin );
iwork[0] = liwmin;
magma_queue_destroy( queue );
magma_free( dwork );
return *info;
} /* magma_ssyevd_gpu */
/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-- Testing ssyevd
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv)
{
TESTING_INIT();
real_Double_t gpu_time, cpu_time;
float *h_A, *h_R, *h_work;
float *w1, *w2;
magma_int_t *iwork;
magma_int_t N, n2, info, lwork, liwork, lda, aux_iwork[1];
magma_int_t izero = 0;
magma_int_t ione = 1;
magma_int_t ISEED[4] = {0,0,0,1};
float result[3], eps, aux_work[1];
eps = lapackf77_slamch( "E" );
magma_int_t status = 0;
magma_opts opts;
parse_opts( argc, argv, &opts );
float tol = opts.tolerance * lapackf77_slamch("E");
float tolulp = opts.tolerance * lapackf77_slamch("P");
if ( opts.check && opts.jobz == MagmaNoVec ) {
fprintf( stderr, "checking results requires vectors; setting jobz=V (option -JV)\n" );
opts.jobz = MagmaVec;
}
printf("using: jobz = %s, uplo = %s\n",
lapack_vec_const(opts.jobz), lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo));
printf(" N CPU Time (sec) GPU Time (sec)\n");
printf("=======================================\n");
for( int itest = 0; itest < opts.ntest; ++itest ) {
for( int iter = 0; iter < opts.niter; ++iter ) {
N = opts.nsize[itest];
n2 = N*N;
lda = N;
// query for workspace sizes
magma_ssyevd( opts.jobz, opts.uplo,
N, NULL, lda, NULL,
aux_work, -1,
aux_iwork, -1,
&info );
lwork = (magma_int_t) aux_work[0];
liwork = aux_iwork[0];
/* Allocate host memory for the matrix */
TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( h_A, float, N*lda );
TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( w1, float, N );
TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( w2, float, N );
TESTING_MALLOC_CPU( iwork, magma_int_t, liwork );
TESTING_MALLOC_PIN( h_R, float, N*lda );
TESTING_MALLOC_PIN( h_work, float, lwork );
/* Initialize the matrix */
lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &n2, h_A );
lapackf77_slacpy( MagmaUpperLowerStr, &N, &N, h_A, &lda, h_R, &lda );
/* warm up run */
if ( opts.warmup ) {
magma_ssyevd( opts.jobz, opts.uplo,
N, h_R, lda, w1,
h_work, lwork,
iwork, liwork,
&info );
if (info != 0)
printf("magma_ssyevd returned error %d: %s.\n",
(int) info, magma_strerror( info ));
lapackf77_slacpy( MagmaUpperLowerStr, &N, &N, h_A, &lda, h_R, &lda );
}
/* ====================================================================
Performs operation using MAGMA
=================================================================== */
gpu_time = magma_wtime();
magma_ssyevd( opts.jobz, opts.uplo,
N, h_R, lda, w1,
h_work, lwork,
iwork, liwork,
&info );
gpu_time = magma_wtime() - gpu_time;
if (info != 0)
printf("magma_ssyevd returned error %d: %s.\n",
(int) info, magma_strerror( info ));
if ( opts.check ) {
/* =====================================================================
Check the results following the LAPACK's [zcds]drvst routine.
A is factored as A = U S U' and the following 3 tests computed:
(1) | A - U S U' | / ( |A| N )
(2) | I - U'U | / ( N )
(3) | S(with U) - S(w/o U) | / | S |
=================================================================== */
float temp1, temp2;
// tau=NULL is unused since itype=1
lapackf77_ssyt21( &ione, lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo), &N, &izero,
h_A, &lda,
w1, h_work,
h_R, &lda,
h_R, &lda,
NULL, h_work, &result[0] );
lapackf77_slacpy( MagmaUpperLowerStr, &N, &N, h_A, &lda, h_R, &lda );
magma_ssyevd( MagmaNoVec, opts.uplo,
N, h_R, lda, w2,
h_work, lwork,
iwork, liwork,
&info );
if (info != 0)
printf("magma_ssyevd returned error %d: %s.\n",
(int) info, magma_strerror( info ));
temp1 = temp2 = 0;
for( int j=0; j<N; j++ ) {
temp1 = max(temp1, fabsf(w1[j]));
temp1 = max(temp1, fabsf(w2[j]));
temp2 = max(temp2, fabsf(w1[j]-w2[j]));
}
result[2] = temp2 / (((float)N)*temp1);
}
/* =====================================================================
Performs operation using LAPACK
=================================================================== */
if ( opts.lapack ) {
cpu_time = magma_wtime();
lapackf77_ssyevd( lapack_vec_const(opts.jobz), lapack_uplo_const(opts.uplo),
&N, h_A, &lda, w2,
h_work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork,
&info );
cpu_time = magma_wtime() - cpu_time;
if (info != 0)
printf("lapackf77_ssyevd returned error %d: %s.\n",
(int) info, magma_strerror( info ));
printf("%5d %7.2f %7.2f\n",
(int) N, cpu_time, gpu_time);
}
else {
printf("%5d --- %7.2f\n",
(int) N, gpu_time);
}
/* =====================================================================
Print execution time
=================================================================== */
if ( opts.check ) {
printf("Testing the factorization A = U S U' for correctness:\n");
printf("(1) | A - U S U' | / (|A| N) = %8.2e %s\n", result[0]*eps, (result[0]*eps < tol ? "ok" : "failed") );
printf("(2) | I - U'U | / N = %8.2e %s\n", result[1]*eps, (result[1]*eps < tol ? "ok" : "failed") );
printf("(3) | S(w/ U) - S(w/o U) | / |S| = %8.2e %s\n\n", result[2] , (result[2] < tolulp ? "ok" : "failed") );
status += ! (result[0]*eps < tol && result[1]*eps < tol && result[2] < tolulp);
}
TESTING_FREE_CPU( h_A );
TESTING_FREE_CPU( w1 );
TESTING_FREE_CPU( w2 );
TESTING_FREE_CPU( iwork );
TESTING_FREE_PIN( h_R );
TESTING_FREE_PIN( h_work );
fflush( stdout );
}
if ( opts.niter > 1 ) {
printf( "\n" );
}
}
TESTING_FINALIZE();
return status;
}
extern "C" magma_int_t
magma_ssyevd_gpu(char jobz, char uplo,
magma_int_t n,
float *da, magma_int_t ldda,
float *w,
float *wa, magma_int_t ldwa,
float *work, magma_int_t lwork,
magma_int_t *iwork, magma_int_t liwork,
magma_int_t *info)
{
/* -- MAGMA (version 1.4.0) --
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville
Univ. of California, Berkeley
Univ. of Colorado, Denver
August 2013
Purpose
=======
SSYEVD_GPU computes all eigenvalues and, optionally, eigenvectors of
a real symmetric matrix A. If eigenvectors are desired, it uses a
divide and conquer algorithm.
The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about
floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard
digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard
digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or
Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines
without guard digits, but we know of none.
Arguments
=========
JOBZ (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'N': Compute eigenvalues only;
= 'V': Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1
= 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored;
= 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored.
N (input) INTEGER
The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
DA (device input/output) REAL array on the GPU,
dimension (LDDA, N).
On entry, the symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the
leading N-by-N upper triangular part of A contains the
upper triangular part of the matrix A. If UPLO = 'L',
the leading N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains
the lower triangular part of the matrix A.
On exit, if JOBZ = 'V', then if INFO = 0, A contains the
orthonormal eigenvectors of the matrix A.
If JOBZ = 'N', then on exit the lower triangle (if UPLO='L')
or the upper triangle (if UPLO='U') of A, including the
diagonal, is destroyed.
LDDA (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array DA. LDDA >= max(1,N).
W (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
If INFO = 0, the eigenvalues in ascending order.
WA (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDWA, N)
LDWA (input) INTEGER
The leading dimension of the array WA. LDWA >= max(1,N).
WORK (workspace/output) REAL array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK[0] returns the optimal LWORK.
LWORK (input) INTEGER
The length of the array WORK.
If N <= 1, LWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'N' and N > 1, LWORK >= 2*N + N*NB.
If JOBZ = 'V' and N > 1, LWORK >= max( 2*N + N*NB, 1 + 6*N + 2*N**2 ).
NB can be obtained through magma_get_ssytrd_nb(N).
If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and IWORK
arrays, returns these values as the first entries of the WORK
and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK or
LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
IWORK (workspace/output) INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))
On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK[0] returns the optimal LIWORK.
LIWORK (input) INTEGER
The dimension of the array IWORK.
If N <= 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'N' and N > 1, LIWORK >= 1.
If JOBZ = 'V' and N > 1, LIWORK >= 3 + 5*N.
If LIWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the
routine only calculates the optimal sizes of the WORK and
IWORK arrays, returns these values as the first entries of
the WORK and IWORK arrays, and no error message related to
LWORK or LIWORK is issued by XERBLA.
INFO (output) INTEGER
= 0: successful exit
< 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
> 0: if INFO = i and JOBZ = 'N', then the algorithm failed
to converge; i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate
tridiagonal form did not converge to zero;
if INFO = i and JOBZ = 'V', then the algorithm failed
to compute an eigenvalue while working on the submatrix
lying in rows and columns INFO/(N+1) through
mod(INFO,N+1).
Further Details
===============
Based on contributions by
Jeff Rutter, Computer Science Division, University of California
at Berkeley, USA
Modified description of INFO. Sven, 16 Feb 05.
===================================================================== */
char uplo_[2] = {uplo, 0};
char jobz_[2] = {jobz, 0};
magma_int_t ione = 1;
float d__1;
float eps;
magma_int_t inde;
float anrm;
float rmin, rmax;
float sigma;
magma_int_t iinfo, lwmin;
magma_int_t lower;
magma_int_t wantz;
magma_int_t indwk2, llwrk2;
magma_int_t iscale;
float safmin;
float bignum;
magma_int_t indtau;
magma_int_t indwrk, liwmin;
magma_int_t llwork;
float smlnum;
magma_int_t lquery;
float *dwork;
magma_int_t lddc = ldda;
wantz = lapackf77_lsame(jobz_, MagmaVecStr);
lower = lapackf77_lsame(uplo_, MagmaLowerStr);
lquery = lwork == -1 || liwork == -1;
*info = 0;
if (! (wantz || lapackf77_lsame(jobz_, MagmaNoVecStr))) {
*info = -1;
} else if (! (lower || lapackf77_lsame(uplo_, MagmaUpperStr))) {
*info = -2;
} else if (n < 0) {
*info = -3;
} else if (ldda < max(1,n)) {
*info = -5;
}
magma_int_t nb = magma_get_ssytrd_nb( n );
if ( n <= 1 ) {
lwmin = 1;
liwmin = 1;
}
else if ( wantz ) {
lwmin = max( 2*n + n*nb, 1 + 6*n + 2*n*n );
liwmin = 3 + 5*n;
}
else {
lwmin = 2*n + n*nb;
liwmin = 1;
}
// multiply by 1+eps to ensure length gets rounded up,
// if it cannot be exactly represented in floating point.
work[0] = lwmin * (1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon"));
iwork[0] = liwmin;
if ((lwork < lwmin) && !lquery) {
*info = -10;
} else if ((liwork < liwmin) && ! lquery) {
*info = -12;
}
if (*info != 0) {
magma_xerbla( __func__, -(*info) );
return *info;
}
else if (lquery) {
return *info;
}
/* Check if matrix is very small then just call LAPACK on CPU, no need for GPU */
if (n <= 128) {
#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" warning matrix too small N=%d NB=%d, calling lapack on CPU \n", (int) n, (int) nb);
printf("--------------------------------------------------------------\n");
#endif
char jobz_[2] = {jobz, 0}, uplo_[2] = {uplo, 0};
float *a = (float *) malloc( n * n * sizeof(float) );
magma_sgetmatrix(n, n, da, ldda, a, n);
lapackf77_ssyevd(jobz_, uplo_,
&n, a, &n,
w, work, &lwork,
iwork, &liwork, info);
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, a, n, da, ldda);
free(a);
return *info;
}
magma_queue_t stream;
magma_queue_create( &stream );
// n*lddc for ssytrd2_gpu
// n for slansy
magma_int_t ldwork = n*lddc;
if ( wantz ) {
// need 3n^2/2 for sstedx
ldwork = max( ldwork, 3*n*(n/2 + 1));
}
if (MAGMA_SUCCESS != magma_smalloc( &dwork, ldwork )) {
*info = MAGMA_ERR_DEVICE_ALLOC;
return *info;
}
/* Get machine constants. */
safmin = lapackf77_slamch("Safe minimum");
eps = lapackf77_slamch("Precision");
smlnum = safmin / eps;
bignum = 1. / smlnum;
rmin = magma_ssqrt(smlnum);
rmax = magma_ssqrt(bignum);
/* Scale matrix to allowable range, if necessary. */
anrm = magmablas_slansy('M', uplo, n, da, ldda, dwork);
iscale = 0;
sigma = 1;
if (anrm > 0. && anrm < rmin) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmin / anrm;
} else if (anrm > rmax) {
iscale = 1;
sigma = rmax / anrm;
}
if (iscale == 1) {
magmablas_slascl(uplo, 0, 0, 1., sigma, n, n, da, ldda, info);
}
/* Call SSYTRD to reduce symmetric matrix to tridiagonal form. */
// ssytrd work: e (n) + tau (n) + llwork (n*nb) ==> 2n + n*nb
// sstedx work: e (n) + tau (n) + z (n*n) + llwrk2 (1 + 4*n + n^2) ==> 1 + 6n + 2n^2
inde = 0;
indtau = inde + n;
indwrk = indtau + n;
indwk2 = indwrk + n*n;
llwork = lwork - indwrk;
llwrk2 = lwork - indwk2;
//
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
magma_timestr_t start, end;
start = get_current_time();
#endif
#ifdef FAST_SYMV
magma_ssytrd2_gpu(uplo, n, da, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wa, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
dwork, n*lddc, &iinfo);
#else
magma_ssytrd_gpu(uplo, n, da, ldda, w, &work[inde],
&work[indtau], wa, ldwa, &work[indwrk], llwork,
&iinfo);
#endif
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
#ifdef FAST_SYMV
printf("time ssytrd2 = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#else
printf("time ssytrd = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
#endif
/* For eigenvalues only, call SSTERF. For eigenvectors, first call
SSTEDC to generate the eigenvector matrix, WORK(INDWRK), of the
tridiagonal matrix, then call SORMTR to multiply it to the Householder
transformations represented as Householder vectors in A. */
if (! wantz) {
lapackf77_ssterf(&n, w, &work[inde], info);
} else {
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
start = get_current_time();
#endif
magma_sstedx('A', n, 0., 0., 0, 0, w, &work[inde],
&work[indwrk], n, &work[indwk2],
llwrk2, iwork, liwork, dwork, info);
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf("time sstedx = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
magma_ssetmatrix( n, n, &work[indwrk], n, dwork, lddc );
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
start = get_current_time();
#endif
magma_sormtr_gpu(MagmaLeft, uplo, MagmaNoTrans, n, n, da, ldda, &work[indtau],
dwork, lddc, wa, ldwa, &iinfo);
magma_scopymatrix( n, n, dwork, lddc, da, ldda );
#ifdef ENABLE_TIMER
end = get_current_time();
printf("time sormtr + copy = %6.2f\n", GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.);
#endif
}
/* If matrix was scaled, then rescale eigenvalues appropriately. */
if (iscale == 1) {
d__1 = 1. / sigma;
blasf77_sscal(&n, &d__1, w, &ione);
}
work[0] = lwmin * (1. + lapackf77_slamch("Epsilon")); // round up
iwork[0] = liwmin;
magma_queue_destroy( stream );
magma_free( dwork );
return *info;
} /* magma_ssyevd_gpu */
/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-- Testing ssygvdx
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv)
{
TESTING_INIT();
real_Double_t gpu_time;
float *h_A, *h_R, *h_work;
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
float *rwork;
magma_int_t lrwork;
#endif
/* Matrix size */
float *w1, *w2;
magma_int_t *iwork;
magma_int_t N, n2, info, lwork, liwork;
magma_int_t ione = 1;
magma_int_t ISEED[4] = {0,0,0,1};;
magma_int_t info_ortho = 0;
magma_int_t info_solution = 0;
magma_int_t info_reduction = 0;
magma_timestr_t start, end;
magma_opts opts;
parse_opts( argc, argv, &opts );
magma_int_t ngpu = opts.ngpu;
char jobz = opts.jobz;
magma_int_t checkres = opts.check;
char range = 'A';
char uplo = opts.uplo;
magma_int_t itype = opts.itype;
float f = opts.fraction;
if (f != 1)
range='I';
if ( checkres && jobz == MagmaNoVec ) {
fprintf( stderr, "checking results requires vectors; setting jobz=V (option -JV)\n" );
jobz = MagmaVec;
}
printf("using: itype = %d, jobz = %c, range = %c, uplo = %c, checkres = %d, fraction = %6.4f\n",
(int) itype, jobz, range, uplo, (int) checkres, f);
printf(" N M GPU Time(s) \n");
printf("==========================\n");
magma_int_t threads = magma_get_numthreads();
for( magma_int_t i = 0; i < opts.ntest; ++i ) {
for( magma_int_t iter = 0; iter < opts.niter; ++iter ) {
N = opts.nsize[i];
n2 = N*N;
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
lwork = magma_sbulge_get_lq2(N, threads) + 2*N + N*N;
lrwork = 1 + 5*N +2*N*N;
#else
lwork = magma_sbulge_get_lq2(N, threads) + 1 + 6*N + 2*N*N;
#endif
liwork = 3 + 5*N;
/* Allocate host memory for the matrix */
TESTING_MALLOC( h_A, float, n2);
TESTING_MALLOC( w1, float , N);
TESTING_MALLOC( w2, float , N);
TESTING_HOSTALLOC(h_R, float, n2);
TESTING_HOSTALLOC(h_work, float, lwork);
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
TESTING_HOSTALLOC( rwork, float, lrwork);
#endif
TESTING_MALLOC( iwork, magma_int_t, liwork);
/* Initialize the matrix */
lapackf77_slarnv( &ione, ISEED, &n2, h_A );
/* Make diagonal real */
for(int i=0; i<N; i++) {
MAGMA_S_SET2REAL( h_A[i*N+i], MAGMA_S_REAL(h_A[i*N+i]) );
}
magma_int_t m1 = 0;
float vl = 0;
float vu = 0;
magma_int_t il = 0;
magma_int_t iu = 0;
if (range == 'I'){
il = 1;
iu = (int) (f*N);
}
if(opts.warmup){
// ==================================================================
// Warmup using MAGMA
// ==================================================================
lapackf77_slacpy( MagmaUpperLowerStr, &N, &N, h_A, &N, h_R, &N );
if(ngpu==1){
printf("calling ssyevdx_2stage 1 GPU\n");
magma_ssyevdx_2stage(jobz, range, uplo, N,
h_R, N,
vl, vu, il, iu,
&m1, w1,
h_work, lwork,
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
rwork, lrwork,
#endif
iwork, liwork,
&info);
}else{
printf("calling ssyevdx_2stage_m %d GPU\n", (int) ngpu);
magma_ssyevdx_2stage_m(ngpu, jobz, range, uplo, N,
h_R, N,
vl, vu, il, iu,
&m1, w1,
h_work, lwork,
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
rwork, lrwork,
#endif
iwork, liwork,
&info);
}
}
// ===================================================================
// Performs operation using MAGMA
// ===================================================================
lapackf77_slacpy( MagmaUpperLowerStr, &N, &N, h_A, &N, h_R, &N );
start = get_current_time();
if(ngpu==1){
printf("calling ssyevdx_2stage 1 GPU\n");
magma_ssyevdx_2stage(jobz, range, uplo, N,
h_R, N,
vl, vu, il, iu,
&m1, w1,
h_work, lwork,
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
rwork, lrwork,
#endif
iwork, liwork,
&info);
}else{
printf("calling ssyevdx_2stage_m %d GPU\n", (int) ngpu);
magma_ssyevdx_2stage_m(ngpu, jobz, range, uplo, N,
h_R, N,
vl, vu, il, iu,
&m1, w1,
h_work, lwork,
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
rwork, lrwork,
#endif
iwork, liwork,
&info);
}
end = get_current_time();
gpu_time = GetTimerValue(start,end)/1000.;
if ( checkres ) {
float eps = lapackf77_slamch("E");
printf("\n");
printf("------ TESTS FOR MAGMA SSYEVD ROUTINE ------- \n");
printf(" Size of the Matrix %d by %d\n", (int) N, (int) N);
printf("\n");
printf(" The matrix A is randomly generated for each test.\n");
printf("============\n");
printf(" The relative machine precision (eps) is %8.2e\n",eps);
printf(" Computational tests pass if scaled residuals are less than 60.\n");
/* Check the orthogonality, reduction and the eigen solutions */
if (jobz == MagmaVec) {
info_ortho = check_orthogonality(N, N, h_R, N, eps);
info_reduction = check_reduction(uplo, N, 1, h_A, w1, N, h_R, eps);
}
printf("------ CALLING LAPACK SSYEVD TO COMPUTE only eigenvalue and verify elementswise ------- \n");
lapackf77_ssyevd("N", "L", &N,
h_A, &N, w2,
h_work, &lwork,
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
rwork, &lrwork,
#endif
iwork, &liwork,
&info);
info_solution = check_solution(N, w2, w1, eps);
if ( (info_solution == 0) & (info_ortho == 0) & (info_reduction == 0) ) {
printf("***************************************************\n");
printf(" ---- TESTING SSYEVD ...................... PASSED !\n");
printf("***************************************************\n");
}
else {
printf("************************************************\n");
printf(" - TESTING SSYEVD ... FAILED !\n");
printf("************************************************\n");
}
}
/* =====================================================================
Print execution time
=================================================================== */
printf("%5d %5d %6.2f\n",
(int) N, (int) m1, gpu_time);
TESTING_FREE( h_A);
TESTING_FREE( w1);
TESTING_FREE( w2);
#if defined(PRECISION_z) || defined(PRECISION_c)
TESTING_HOSTFREE( rwork);
#endif
TESTING_FREE( iwork);
TESTING_HOSTFREE(h_work);
TESTING_HOSTFREE( h_R);
}
if ( opts.niter > 1 ) {
printf( "\n" );
}
}
/* Shutdown */
TESTING_FINALIZE();
return 0;
}
