Matrix<double> MeanSquaredError::calculate_terms_Jacobian(void) const {
// Control sentence
#ifndef NDEBUG
check();
#endif
// Neural network stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer =
neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
const unsigned inputs_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const unsigned outputs_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const unsigned layers_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const unsigned neural_parameters_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
Vector<Vector<Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
const bool has_conditions_layer =
neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer =
has_conditions_layer
? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer()
: NULL;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const unsigned training_instances_number =
instances.count_training_instances_number();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Objective functional
Vector<double> term(outputs_number);
double term_norm;
Vector<double> output_objective_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector<Vector<double> > layers_delta(layers_number);
Vector<double> point_gradient(neural_parameters_number);
Matrix<double> terms_Jacobian(training_instances_number,
neural_parameters_number);
// Main loop
for (unsigned i = 0; i < training_instances_number; i++) {
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_training_input_instance(i);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_training_target_instance(i);
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer
->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector<Vector<double> >& layers_activation =
first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector<Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative =
first_order_forward_propagation[1];
if (!has_conditions_layer) {
const Vector<double>& outputs =
first_order_forward_propagation[0][layers_number - 1];
term = (outputs - targets);
term_norm = term.calculate_norm();
if (term_norm == 0.0) {
output_objective_gradient.initialize(0.0);
} else {
output_objective_gradient = term / term_norm;
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative,
output_objective_gradient);
} else {
particular_solution =
conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution =
conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
term = (particular_solution +
homogeneous_solution * layers_activation[layers_number - 1] -
targets) /
sqrt((double)training_instances_number);
term_norm = term.calculate_norm();
if (term_norm == 0.0) {
output_objective_gradient.initialize(0.0);
} else {
output_objective_gradient = term / term_norm;
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative,
homogeneous_solution,
output_objective_gradient);
}
point_gradient =
calculate_point_gradient(inputs, layers_activation, layers_delta);
terms_Jacobian.set_row(i, point_gradient);
}
return (terms_Jacobian / sqrt((double)training_instances_number));
}
Vector<double> MeanSquaredError::calculate_gradient(void) const {
// Control sentence (if debug)
#ifndef NDEBUG
check();
#endif
// Multilayer percepron stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer =
neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
const unsigned inputs_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const unsigned outputs_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const unsigned layers_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const unsigned parameters_number =
multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
Vector<Vector<Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
const bool has_conditions_layer =
neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer =
has_conditions_layer
? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer()
: NULL;
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const unsigned training_instances_number =
instances.count_training_instances_number();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Mean squared error stuff
Vector<Vector<double> > layers_delta;
Vector<double> output_objective_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector<double> point_gradient(parameters_number, 0.0);
Vector<double> objective_gradient(parameters_number, 0.0);
// Main loop
for (unsigned i = 0; i < training_instances_number; i++) {
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_training_input_instance(i);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_training_target_instance(i);
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer
->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector<Vector<double> >& layers_activation =
first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector<Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative =
first_order_forward_propagation[1];
if (!has_conditions_layer) {
output_objective_gradient =
(layers_activation[layers_number - 1] - targets) *
(2.0 / (double)training_instances_number);
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative,
output_objective_gradient);
} else {
particular_solution =
conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution =
conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
output_objective_gradient =
(particular_solution +
homogeneous_solution * layers_activation[layers_number - 1] -
targets) *
(2.0 / (double)training_instances_number);
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative,
homogeneous_solution,
output_objective_gradient);
}
point_gradient =
calculate_point_gradient(inputs, layers_activation, layers_delta);
objective_gradient += point_gradient;
}
return (objective_gradient);
}
Vector<double> CrossEntropyError::calculate_gradient(void) const
{
#ifdef __OPENNN_DEBUG__
check();
#endif
// Neural network stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer = neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
const size_t inputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const size_t outputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const size_t layers_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const size_t neural_parameters_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
const bool has_conditions_layer = neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer = has_conditions_layer ? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer() : NULL;
#ifdef __OPENNN_DEBUG__
std::ostringstream buffer;
const Matrix<double> target_data = data_set_pointer->arrange_target_data();
if(target_data < 0.0)
{
buffer << "OpenNN Exception: CrossEntropyError class.\n"
<< "Vector<double> calculate_gradient(void) const method.\n"
<< "Target data must be equal or greater than zero.\n";
throw std::logic_error(buffer.str());
}
if(target_data > 1.0)
{
buffer << "OpenNN Exception: CrossEntropyError class.\n"
<< "Vector<double> calculate_gradient(void) const method.\n"
<< "Target data must be less or equal or than one.\n";
throw std::logic_error(buffer.str());
}
#endif
// Neural network stuff
Vector< Vector< Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const size_t training_instances_number = instances.count_training_instances_number();
const Vector<size_t> training_indices = instances.arrange_training_indices();
size_t training_index;
const Variables& variables = data_set_pointer->get_variables();
const Vector<size_t> inputs_indices = variables.arrange_inputs_indices();
const Vector<size_t> targets_indices = variables.arrange_targets_indices();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Cross-entropy error stuff
Vector<double> output_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_delta;
Vector<double> point_gradient(neural_parameters_number, 0.0);
Vector<double> gradient(neural_parameters_number, 0.0);
for(size_t i = 0; i < training_instances_number; i++)
{
training_index = training_indices[i];
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, inputs_indices);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, targets_indices);
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation = first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative = first_order_forward_propagation[1];
if(!has_conditions_layer)
{
const Vector<double>& outputs = layers_activation[layers_number-1];
for(size_t j = 0; j < outputs_number; j++)
{
if(outputs[j] == 0.0)
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/1.e-6 + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - 1.e-6);
}
else if(outputs[j] == 1.0)
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/0.999999 + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - 0.999999);
}
else
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/outputs[j] + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - outputs[j]);
}
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, output_gradient);
}
else
{
particular_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
const Vector<double>& outputs = particular_solution + homogeneous_solution*layers_activation[layers_number-1];
for(size_t j = 0; j < outputs_number; j++)
{
if(outputs[j] == 0.0)
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/1.e-6 + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - 1.e-6);
}
else if(outputs[j] == 1.0)
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/0.999999 + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - 0.999999);
}
else
{
output_gradient[j] = -targets[j]/outputs[j] + (1.0 - targets[j])/(1.0 - outputs[j]);
}
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, homogeneous_solution, output_gradient);
}
point_gradient = calculate_point_gradient(inputs, layers_activation, layers_delta);
gradient += point_gradient;
}
return(gradient);
}
Vector<double> MinkowskiError::calculate_gradient(void) const
{
// Control sentence (if debug)
#ifdef __OPENNN_DEBUG__
check();
#endif
// Neural network stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer = neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
// Neural network stuff
const bool has_conditions_layer = neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer = has_conditions_layer ? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer() : NULL;
const size_t inputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const size_t outputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const size_t layers_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const size_t neural_parameters_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
Vector< Vector< Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const size_t training_instances_number = instances.count_training_instances_number();
const Vector<size_t> training_indices = instances.arrange_training_indices();
size_t training_index;
const Variables& variables = data_set_pointer->get_variables();
const Vector<size_t> inputs_indices = variables.arrange_inputs_indices();
const Vector<size_t> targets_indices = variables.arrange_targets_indices();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Minkowski error stuff
Vector<double> output_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector< Matrix<double> > layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian;
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_inputs(layers_number);
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_delta;
Vector<double> point_gradient(neural_parameters_number, 0.0);
Vector<double> gradient(neural_parameters_number, 0.0);
int i = 0;
#pragma omp parallel for private(i, training_index, inputs, targets, first_order_forward_propagation, layers_inputs, layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian, \
output_gradient, layers_delta, particular_solution, homogeneous_solution, point_gradient)
for(i = 0; i < (int)training_instances_number; i++)
{
training_index = training_indices[i];
// Data set
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, inputs_indices);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, targets_indices);
// Neural network
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation = first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative = first_order_forward_propagation[1];
layers_inputs = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->arrange_layers_input(inputs, layers_activation);
layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian(layers_inputs);
// Performance functional
if(!has_conditions_layer)
{
output_gradient = (layers_activation[layers_number-1]-targets).calculate_p_norm_gradient(Minkowski_parameter);
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, output_gradient);
}
else
{
particular_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
output_gradient = (particular_solution+homogeneous_solution*layers_activation[layers_number-1] - targets).calculate_pow(Minkowski_parameter-1.0)*Minkowski_parameter;
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, homogeneous_solution, output_gradient);
}
point_gradient = calculate_point_gradient(layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian, layers_delta);
#pragma omp critical
gradient += point_gradient;
}
return(gradient);
}
Vector<double> RootMeanSquaredError::calculate_gradient(const double& total_training_instances_number, const double& loss) const
{
// Control sentence
#ifdef __OPENNN_DEBUG__
check();
#endif
// Neural network stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer = neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
const size_t inputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const size_t outputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const size_t layers_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const size_t parameters_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
// Data set stuff
Vector< Vector< Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
const bool has_conditions_layer = neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer = has_conditions_layer ? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer() : NULL;
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const size_t training_instances_number = instances.count_training_instances_number();
const Vector<size_t> training_indices = instances.arrange_training_indices();
size_t training_index;
const Variables& variables = data_set_pointer->get_variables();
const Vector<size_t> inputs_indices = variables.arrange_inputs_indices();
const Vector<size_t> targets_indices = variables.arrange_targets_indices();
const MissingValues& missing_values = data_set_pointer->get_missing_values();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Loss index stuff
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_delta;
Vector<double> output_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector<double> point_gradient(parameters_number, 0.0);
// Main loop
Vector<double> gradient(parameters_number, 0.0);
int i = 0;
#pragma omp parallel for private(i, training_index, inputs, targets, first_order_forward_propagation, output_gradient, \
layers_delta, particular_solution, homogeneous_solution, point_gradient)
for(i = 0; i < (int)training_instances_number; i++)
{
training_index = training_indices[i];
if(missing_values.has_missing_values(training_index))
{
continue;
}
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, inputs_indices);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, targets_indices);
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation = first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative = first_order_forward_propagation[1];
if(!has_conditions_layer)
{
output_gradient = (layers_activation[layers_number-1]-targets)/(total_training_instances_number*loss);
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, output_gradient);
}
else
{
particular_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
output_gradient = (particular_solution+homogeneous_solution*layers_activation[layers_number-1] - targets)/(total_training_instances_number*loss);
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, homogeneous_solution, output_gradient);
}
point_gradient = calculate_point_gradient(inputs, layers_activation, layers_delta);
#pragma omp critical
gradient += point_gradient;
}
return(gradient);
}
Matrix<double> NormalizedSquaredError::calculate_terms_Jacobian(void) const
{
// Control sentence
#ifdef __OPENNN_DEBUG__
check();
#endif
// Neural network stuff
const MultilayerPerceptron* multilayer_perceptron_pointer = neural_network_pointer->get_multilayer_perceptron_pointer();
const size_t inputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_inputs_number();
const size_t outputs_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_outputs_number();
const size_t layers_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->get_layers_number();
const size_t parameters_number = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->count_parameters_number();
Vector< Vector< Vector<double> > > first_order_forward_propagation(2);
Vector< Matrix<double> > layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian;
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_inputs(layers_number);
Vector<double> particular_solution;
Vector<double> homogeneous_solution;
const bool has_conditions_layer = neural_network_pointer->has_conditions_layer();
const ConditionsLayer* conditions_layer_pointer = has_conditions_layer ? neural_network_pointer->get_conditions_layer_pointer() : NULL;
// Data set stuff
const Instances& instances = data_set_pointer->get_instances();
const size_t training_instances_number = instances.count_training_instances_number();
const Vector<size_t> training_indices = instances.arrange_training_indices();
size_t training_index;
const Variables& variables = data_set_pointer->get_variables();
const Vector<size_t> inputs_indices = variables.arrange_inputs_indices();
const Vector<size_t> targets_indices = variables.arrange_targets_indices();
const Vector<double> training_target_data_mean = data_set_pointer->calculate_training_target_data_mean();
Vector<double> inputs(inputs_number);
Vector<double> targets(outputs_number);
// Normalized squared error
Vector<double> term(outputs_number);
double term_norm;
Vector<double> output_gradient(outputs_number);
Vector< Vector<double> > layers_delta(layers_number);
Vector<double> point_gradient(parameters_number);
Matrix<double> terms_Jacobian(training_instances_number, parameters_number);
double normalization_coefficient = 0.0;
// Main loop
int i = 0;
#pragma omp parallel for private(i, training_index, inputs, targets, first_order_forward_propagation, layers_inputs, \
layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian, term, term_norm, output_gradient, layers_delta, particular_solution, homogeneous_solution, point_gradient)
for(i = 0; i < (int)training_instances_number; i++)
{
training_index = training_indices[i];
// Data set
inputs = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, inputs_indices);
targets = data_set_pointer->get_instance(training_index, targets_indices);
// Neural network
first_order_forward_propagation = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_first_order_forward_propagation(inputs);
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation = first_order_forward_propagation[0];
const Vector< Vector<double> >& layers_activation_derivative = first_order_forward_propagation[1];
layers_inputs = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->arrange_layers_input(inputs, layers_activation);
layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian = multilayer_perceptron_pointer->calculate_layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian(layers_inputs);
// Performance functional
if(!has_conditions_layer) // No conditions
{
const Vector<double>& outputs = layers_activation[layers_number-1];
term = outputs-targets;
term_norm = term.calculate_norm();
if(term_norm == 0.0)
{
output_gradient.initialize(0.0);
}
else
{
output_gradient = term/term_norm;
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, output_gradient);
}
else // Conditions
{
particular_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_particular_solution(inputs);
homogeneous_solution = conditions_layer_pointer->calculate_homogeneous_solution(inputs);
const Vector<double>& output_layer_activation = layers_activation[layers_number-1];
term = (particular_solution+homogeneous_solution*output_layer_activation - targets);
term_norm = term.calculate_norm();
if(term_norm == 0.0)
{
output_gradient.initialize(0.0);
}
else
{
output_gradient = term/term_norm;
}
layers_delta = calculate_layers_delta(layers_activation_derivative, homogeneous_solution, output_gradient);
}
normalization_coefficient += targets.calculate_sum_squared_error(training_target_data_mean);
point_gradient = calculate_point_gradient(layers_combination_parameters_Jacobian, layers_delta);
terms_Jacobian.set_row(i, point_gradient);
}
if(normalization_coefficient < 1.0e-99)
{
std::ostringstream buffer;
buffer << "OpenNN Exception: NormalizedSquaredError class.\n"
<< "Matrix<double> calculate_terms_Jacobian(void) const method.\n"
<< "Normalization coefficient is zero.\n"
<< "Unuse constant target variables or choose another error functional. ";
throw std::logic_error(buffer.str());
}
return(terms_Jacobian/sqrt(normalization_coefficient));
}
