/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static char
powercycle(struct rtimer *t, void *ptr)
{
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
static volatile rtimer_clock_t sync_cycle_start;
static volatile uint8_t sync_cycle_phase;
#endif
PT_BEGIN(&pt);
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
sync_cycle_start = RTIMER_NOW();
#else
cycle_start = RTIMER_NOW();
#endif
while(1) {
static uint8_t packet_seen;
static rtimer_clock_t t0;
static uint8_t count;
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
/* Compute cycle start when RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND is not a multiple
of CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE */
if(sync_cycle_phase++ == NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE) {
sync_cycle_phase = 0;
sync_cycle_start += RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND;
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start;
} else {
#if (RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND * NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE) > 65535
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start + ((unsigned long)(sync_cycle_phase*RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND))/NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE;
#else
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start + (sync_cycle_phase*RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND)/NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE;
#endif
}
#else
cycle_start += CYCLE_TIME;
#endif
packet_seen = 0;
for(count = 0; count < CCA_COUNT_MAX; ++count) {
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0) {
powercycle_turn_radio_on();
/* Check if a packet is seen in the air. If so, we keep the
radio on for a while (LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED) to
be able to receive the packet. We also continuously check
the radio medium to make sure that we wasn't woken up by a
false positive: a spurious radio interference that was not
caused by an incoming packet. */
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear() == 0) {
packet_seen = 1;
break;
}
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
}
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, RTIMER_NOW() + CCA_SLEEP_TIME);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
if(packet_seen) {
static rtimer_clock_t start;
static uint8_t silence_periods, periods;
start = RTIMER_NOW();
periods = silence_periods = 0;
while(we_are_sending == 0 && radio_is_on &&
RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(),
(start + LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED))) {
/* Check for a number of consecutive periods of
non-activity. If we see two such periods, we turn the
radio off. Also, if a packet has been successfully
received (as indicated by the
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet() function), we stop
snooping. */
#if !RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_CSMA
/* A cca cycle will disrupt rx on some radios, e.g. mc1322x, rf230 */
/*TODO: Modify those drivers to just return the internal RSSI when already in rx mode */
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear()) {
++silence_periods;
} else {
silence_periods = 0;
}
#endif
++periods;
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet()) {
silence_periods = 0;
}
if(silence_periods > MAX_SILENCE_PERIODS) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
break;
}
if(WITH_FAST_SLEEP &&
periods > MAX_NONACTIVITY_PERIODS &&
!(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet())) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
break;
}
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet()) {
break;
}
schedule_powercycle(t, CCA_CHECK_TIME + CCA_SLEEP_TIME);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
if(radio_is_on) {
if(!(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet()) ||
!RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(),
(start + LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED))) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
}
}
}
if(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW() - cycle_start, CYCLE_TIME - CHECK_TIME * 4)) {
/* Schedule the next powercycle interrupt, or sleep the mcu
until then. Sleeping will not exit from this interrupt, so
ensure an occasional wake cycle or foreground processing will
be blocked until a packet is detected */
#if RDC_CONF_MCU_SLEEP
static uint8_t sleepcycle;
if((sleepcycle++ < 16) && !we_are_sending && !radio_is_on) {
rtimer_arch_sleep(CYCLE_TIME - (RTIMER_NOW() - cycle_start));
} else {
sleepcycle = 0;
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, CYCLE_TIME + cycle_start);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
#else
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, CYCLE_TIME + cycle_start);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
#endif
}
}
PT_END(&pt);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
powercycle_turn_radio_off(void)
{
#if CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER
uint8_t was_on = radio_is_on;
#endif /* CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER */
#if RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_SEND_ACK
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0) {
#else
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0 && we_are_acking == 0) {
#endif
off();
#if CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER
if(was_on && !radio_is_on) {
compower_accumulate(&compower_idle_activity);
}
#endif /* CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER */
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
powercycle_turn_radio_on(void)
{
#if RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_SEND_ACK
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0) {
#else
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0 && we_are_acking == 0) {
#endif
on();
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static char
powercycle(struct rtimer *t, void *ptr)
{
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
static volatile rtimer_clock_t sync_cycle_start;
static volatile uint8_t sync_cycle_phase;
#endif
PT_BEGIN(&pt);
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
sync_cycle_start = RTIMER_NOW();
#else
cycle_start = RTIMER_NOW();
#endif
while(1) {
static uint8_t packet_seen;
static rtimer_clock_t t0;
static uint8_t count;
#if SYNC_CYCLE_STARTS
/* Compute cycle start when RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND is not a multiple
of CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE */
if(sync_cycle_phase++ == NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE) {
sync_cycle_phase = 0;
sync_cycle_start += RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND;
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start;
} else {
#if (RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND * NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE) > 65535
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start + ((unsigned long)(sync_cycle_phase*RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND))/NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE;
#else
cycle_start = sync_cycle_start + (sync_cycle_phase*RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND)/NETSTACK_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE;
#endif
}
#else
cycle_start += CYCLE_TIME;
#endif
packet_seen = 0;
for(count = 0; count < CCA_COUNT_MAX; ++count) {
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
if(we_are_sending == 0 && we_are_receiving_burst == 0) {
powercycle_turn_radio_on();
/* Check if a packet is seen in the air. If so, we keep the
radio on for a while (LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED) to
be able to receive the packet. We also continuously check
the radio medium to make sure that we wasn't woken up by a
false positive: a spurious radio interference that was not
caused by an incoming packet. */
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear() == 0) {
packet_seen = 1;
break;
}
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
}
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, RTIMER_NOW() + CCA_SLEEP_TIME);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
if(packet_seen) {
static rtimer_clock_t start;
static uint8_t silence_periods, periods;
start = RTIMER_NOW();
periods = silence_periods = 0;
while(we_are_sending == 0 && radio_is_on &&
RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(),
(start + LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED))) {
/* Check for a number of consecutive periods of
non-activity. If we see two such periods, we turn the
radio off. Also, if a packet has been successfully
received (as indicated by the
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet() function), we stop
snooping. */
#if !RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_CSMA
/* A cca cycle will disrupt rx on some radios, e.g. mc1322x, rf230 */
/*TODO: Modify those drivers to just return the internal RSSI when already in rx mode */
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear()) {
++silence_periods;
} else {
silence_periods = 0;
}
#endif
++periods;
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet()) {
silence_periods = 0;
}
if(silence_periods > MAX_SILENCE_PERIODS) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
break;
}
if(WITH_FAST_SLEEP &&
periods > MAX_NONACTIVITY_PERIODS &&
!(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet())) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
break;
}
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet()) {
break;
}
schedule_powercycle(t, CCA_CHECK_TIME + CCA_SLEEP_TIME);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
if(radio_is_on) {
if(!(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet()) ||
!RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(),
(start + LISTEN_TIME_AFTER_PACKET_DETECTED))) {
powercycle_turn_radio_off();
}
}
}
if(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW() - cycle_start, CYCLE_TIME - CHECK_TIME * 4)) {
/* Schedule the next powercycle interrupt, or sleep the mcu
until then. Sleeping will not exit from this interrupt, so
ensure an occasional wake cycle or foreground processing will
be blocked until a packet is detected */
#if RDC_CONF_MCU_SLEEP
static uint8_t sleepcycle;
if((sleepcycle++ < 16) && !we_are_sending && !radio_is_on) {
rtimer_arch_sleep(CYCLE_TIME - (RTIMER_NOW() - cycle_start));
} else {
sleepcycle = 0;
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, CYCLE_TIME + cycle_start);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
#else
schedule_powercycle_fixed(t, CYCLE_TIME + cycle_start);
PT_YIELD(&pt);
#endif
}
}
PT_END(&pt);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
broadcast_rate_drop(void)
{
#if CONTIKIMAC_CONF_BROADCAST_RATE_LIMIT
if(!timer_expired(&broadcast_rate_timer)) {
broadcast_rate_counter++;
if(broadcast_rate_counter < CONTIKIMAC_CONF_BROADCAST_RATE_LIMIT) {
return 0;
} else {
return 1;
}
} else {
timer_set(&broadcast_rate_timer, CLOCK_SECOND);
broadcast_rate_counter = 0;
return 0;
}
#else /* CONTIKIMAC_CONF_BROADCAST_RATE_LIMIT */
return 0;
#endif /* CONTIKIMAC_CONF_BROADCAST_RATE_LIMIT */
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
send_packet(mac_callback_t mac_callback, void *mac_callback_ptr,
struct rdc_buf_list *buf_list,
int is_receiver_awake)
{
rtimer_clock_t t0;
rtimer_clock_t encounter_time = 0;
int strobes;
uint8_t got_strobe_ack = 0;
int hdrlen, len;
uint8_t is_broadcast = 0;
uint8_t is_reliable = 0;
uint8_t is_known_receiver = 0;
uint8_t collisions;
int transmit_len;
int ret;
uint8_t contikimac_was_on;
uint8_t seqno;
#if WITH_CONTIKIMAC_HEADER
struct hdr *chdr;
#endif /* WITH_CONTIKIMAC_HEADER */
/* Exit if RDC and radio were explicitly turned off */
if(!contikimac_is_on && !contikimac_keep_radio_on) {
PRINTF("contikimac: radio is turned off\n");
return MAC_TX_ERR_FATAL;
}
if(packetbuf_totlen() == 0) {
PRINTF("contikimac: send_packet data len 0\n");
return MAC_TX_ERR_FATAL;
}
#if !NETSTACK_CONF_BRIDGE_MODE
/* If NETSTACK_CONF_BRIDGE_MODE is set, assume PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER is already set. */
packetbuf_set_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_SENDER, &rimeaddr_node_addr);
#endif
if(rimeaddr_cmp(packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER), &rimeaddr_null)) {
is_broadcast = 1;
PRINTDEBUG("contikimac: send broadcast\n");
if(broadcast_rate_drop()) {
return MAC_TX_COLLISION;
}
} else {
#if UIP_CONF_IPV6
PRINTDEBUG("contikimac: send unicast to %02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x:%02x%02x\n",
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[0],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[1],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[2],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[3],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[4],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[5],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[6],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[7]);
#else /* UIP_CONF_IPV6 */
PRINTDEBUG("contikimac: send unicast to %u.%u\n",
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[0],
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[1]);
#endif /* UIP_CONF_IPV6 */
}
is_reliable = packetbuf_attr(PACKETBUF_ATTR_RELIABLE) ||
packetbuf_attr(PACKETBUF_ATTR_ERELIABLE);
packetbuf_set_attr(PACKETBUF_ATTR_MAC_ACK, 1);
#if WITH_CONTIKIMAC_HEADER
hdrlen = packetbuf_totlen();
if(packetbuf_hdralloc(sizeof(struct hdr)) == 0) {
/* Failed to allocate space for contikimac header */
PRINTF("contikimac: send failed, too large header\n");
return MAC_TX_ERR_FATAL;
}
chdr = packetbuf_hdrptr();
chdr->id = CONTIKIMAC_ID;
chdr->len = hdrlen;
/* Create the MAC header for the data packet. */
hdrlen = NETSTACK_FRAMER.create();
if(hdrlen < 0) {
/* Failed to send */
PRINTF("contikimac: send failed, too large header\n");
packetbuf_hdr_remove(sizeof(struct hdr));
return MAC_TX_ERR_FATAL;
}
hdrlen += sizeof(struct hdr);
#else
/* Create the MAC header for the data packet. */
hdrlen = NETSTACK_FRAMER.create();
if(hdrlen < 0) {
/* Failed to send */
PRINTF("contikimac: send failed, too large header\n");
return MAC_TX_ERR_FATAL;
}
#endif
/* Make sure that the packet is longer or equal to the shortest
packet length. */
transmit_len = packetbuf_totlen();
if(transmit_len < SHORTEST_PACKET_SIZE) {
/* Pad with zeroes */
uint8_t *ptr;
ptr = packetbuf_dataptr();
memset(ptr + packetbuf_datalen(), 0, SHORTEST_PACKET_SIZE - packetbuf_totlen());
PRINTF("contikimac: shorter than shortest (%d)\n", packetbuf_totlen());
transmit_len = SHORTEST_PACKET_SIZE;
}
packetbuf_compact();
#ifdef NETSTACK_ENCRYPT
NETSTACK_ENCRYPT();
#endif /* NETSTACK_ENCRYPT */
transmit_len = packetbuf_totlen();
NETSTACK_RADIO.prepare(packetbuf_hdrptr(), transmit_len);
/* Remove the MAC-layer header since it will be recreated next time around. */
packetbuf_hdr_remove(hdrlen);
if(!is_broadcast && !is_receiver_awake) {
#if WITH_PHASE_OPTIMIZATION
ret = phase_wait(packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER),
CYCLE_TIME, GUARD_TIME,
mac_callback, mac_callback_ptr, buf_list);
if(ret == PHASE_DEFERRED) {
return MAC_TX_DEFERRED;
}
if(ret != PHASE_UNKNOWN) {
is_known_receiver = 1;
}
#endif /* WITH_PHASE_OPTIMIZATION */
}
/* By setting we_are_sending to one, we ensure that the rtimer
powercycle interrupt do not interfere with us sending the packet. */
we_are_sending = 1;
/* If we have a pending packet in the radio, we should not send now,
because we will trash the received packet. Instead, we signal
that we have a collision, which lets the packet be received. This
packet will be retransmitted later by the MAC protocol
instread. */
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() || NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet()) {
we_are_sending = 0;
PRINTF("contikimac: collision receiving %d, pending %d\n",
NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet(), NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet());
return MAC_TX_COLLISION;
}
/* Switch off the radio to ensure that we didn't start sending while
the radio was doing a channel check. */
off();
strobes = 0;
/* Send a train of strobes until the receiver answers with an ACK. */
collisions = 0;
got_strobe_ack = 0;
/* Set contikimac_is_on to one to allow the on() and off() functions
to control the radio. We restore the old value of
contikimac_is_on when we are done. */
contikimac_was_on = contikimac_is_on;
contikimac_is_on = 1;
#if !RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_CSMA
/* Check if there are any transmissions by others. */
/* TODO: why does this give collisions before sending with the mc1322x? */
if(is_receiver_awake == 0) {
int i;
for(i = 0; i < CCA_COUNT_MAX_TX; ++i) {
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
on();
#if CCA_CHECK_TIME > 0
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + CCA_CHECK_TIME)) { }
#endif
if(NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear() == 0) {
collisions++;
off();
break;
}
off();
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + CCA_SLEEP_TIME)) { }
}
}
if(collisions > 0) {
we_are_sending = 0;
off();
PRINTF("contikimac: collisions before sending\n");
contikimac_is_on = contikimac_was_on;
return MAC_TX_COLLISION;
}
#endif /* RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_CSMA */
#if !RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_ACK
if(!is_broadcast) {
/* Turn radio on to receive expected unicast ack. Not necessary
with hardware ack detection, and may trigger an unnecessary cca
or rx cycle */
on();
}
#endif
watchdog_periodic();
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
seqno = packetbuf_attr(PACKETBUF_ATTR_MAC_SEQNO);
for(strobes = 0, collisions = 0;
got_strobe_ack == 0 && collisions == 0 &&
RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + STROBE_TIME); strobes++) {
watchdog_periodic();
if(!is_broadcast && (is_receiver_awake || is_known_receiver) &&
!RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + MAX_PHASE_STROBE_TIME)) {
PRINTF("miss to %d\n", packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[0]);
break;
}
len = 0;
{
rtimer_clock_t wt;
rtimer_clock_t txtime;
int ret;
txtime = RTIMER_NOW();
ret = NETSTACK_RADIO.transmit(transmit_len);
#if RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_ACK
/* For radios that block in the transmit routine and detect the
ACK in hardware */
if(ret == RADIO_TX_OK) {
if(!is_broadcast) {
got_strobe_ack = 1;
encounter_time = txtime;
break;
}
} else if (ret == RADIO_TX_NOACK) {
} else if (ret == RADIO_TX_COLLISION) {
PRINTF("contikimac: collisions while sending\n");
collisions++;
}
wt = RTIMER_NOW();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), wt + INTER_PACKET_INTERVAL)) { }
#else /* RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_ACK */
/* Wait for the ACK packet */
wt = RTIMER_NOW();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), wt + INTER_PACKET_INTERVAL)) { }
if(!is_broadcast && (NETSTACK_RADIO.receiving_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.pending_packet() ||
NETSTACK_RADIO.channel_clear() == 0)) {
uint8_t ackbuf[ACK_LEN];
wt = RTIMER_NOW();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), wt + AFTER_ACK_DETECTECT_WAIT_TIME)) { }
len = NETSTACK_RADIO.read(ackbuf, ACK_LEN);
//PRINTF("%u %u vs %u", len, ackbuf[ACK_LEN - 1], seqno);
if(len == ACK_LEN && seqno == ackbuf[ACK_LEN - 1]) {
got_strobe_ack = 1;
encounter_time = txtime;
break;
} else {
PRINTF("contikimac: collisions while sending\n");
collisions++;
}
}
#endif /* RDC_CONF_HARDWARE_ACK */
}
}
off();
PRINTF("contikimac: send (strobes=%u, len=%u, %s, %s), done\n", strobes,
packetbuf_totlen(),
got_strobe_ack ? "ack" : "no ack",
collisions ? "collision" : "no collision");
#if CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER
/* Accumulate the power consumption for the packet transmission. */
compower_accumulate(¤t_packet);
/* Convert the accumulated power consumption for the transmitted
packet to packet attributes so that the higher levels can keep
track of the amount of energy spent on transmitting the
packet. */
compower_attrconv(¤t_packet);
/* Clear the accumulated power consumption so that it is ready for
the next packet. */
compower_clear(¤t_packet);
#endif /* CONTIKIMAC_CONF_COMPOWER */
contikimac_is_on = contikimac_was_on;
we_are_sending = 0;
/* Determine the return value that we will return from the
function. We must pass this value to the phase module before we
return from the function. */
if(collisions > 0) {
ret = MAC_TX_COLLISION;
} else if(!is_broadcast && !got_strobe_ack) {
ret = MAC_TX_NOACK;
} else {
ret = MAC_TX_OK;
}
#if WITH_PHASE_OPTIMIZATION
if(is_known_receiver && got_strobe_ack) {
PRINTF("no miss %d wake-ups %d\n",
packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER)->u8[0],
strobes);
}
if(!is_broadcast) {
if(collisions == 0 && is_receiver_awake == 0) {
phase_update(packetbuf_addr(PACKETBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER),
encounter_time, ret);
}
}
#endif /* WITH_PHASE_OPTIMIZATION */
return ret;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
qsend_packet(mac_callback_t sent, void *ptr)
{
int ret = send_packet(sent, ptr, NULL, 0);
if(ret != MAC_TX_DEFERRED) {
mac_call_sent_callback(sent, ptr, ret, 1);
}
}