void DirectLightingIntegrator::compute_outgoing_radiance_combined_sampling_low_variance(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
compute_outgoing_radiance_bsdf_sampling(
sampling_context,
MISPower2,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
Spectrum radiance_light_sampling;
SpectrumStack aovs_light_sampling(aovs.size());
compute_outgoing_radiance_light_sampling_low_variance(
sampling_context,
MISPower2,
outgoing,
radiance_light_sampling,
aovs_light_sampling);
radiance += radiance_light_sampling;
aovs += aovs_light_sampling;
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::compute_outgoing_radiance_light_sampling(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const MISHeuristic mis_heuristic,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
radiance.set(0.0f);
aovs.set(0.0f);
sampling_context.split_in_place(3, m_light_sample_count);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_light_sample_count; ++i)
{
take_single_light_sample(
sampling_context,
mis_heuristic,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
if (m_light_sample_count > 1)
{
const float rcp_light_sample_count = 1.0f / m_light_sample_count;
radiance *= rcp_light_sample_count;
aovs *= rcp_light_sample_count;
}
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::compute_outgoing_radiance_bsdf_sampling(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const MISHeuristic mis_heuristic,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
radiance.set(0.0f);
aovs.set(0.0f);
if (m_light_sampler.get_emitting_triangle_count() == 0)
return;
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_bsdf_sample_count; ++i)
{
take_single_bsdf_sample(
sampling_context,
mis_heuristic,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
if (m_bsdf_sample_count > 1)
{
const float rcp_bsdf_sample_count = 1.0f / m_bsdf_sample_count;
radiance *= rcp_bsdf_sample_count;
aovs *= rcp_bsdf_sample_count;
}
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::take_single_bsdf_or_light_sample(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs)
{
radiance.set(0.0f);
aovs.set(0.0f);
sampling_context.split_in_place(1, 1);
if (sampling_context.next_double2() < 0.5)
{
sampling_context.split_in_place(3, m_light_sample_count);
take_single_light_sample(
sampling_context,
DirectLightingIntegrator::mis_balance,
radiance,
aovs);
}
else
{
take_single_bsdf_sample(
sampling_context,
DirectLightingIntegrator::mis_balance,
radiance,
aovs);
}
}
void add_back_lighting(
const InputValues& values,
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const PixelContext& pixel_context,
const ShadingContext& shading_context,
const ShadingPoint& shading_point,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
const Vector3d& p = shading_point.get_point();
const Vector3d& n = shading_point.get_original_shading_normal();
const Vector3d& d = shading_point.get_ray().m_dir;
// Construct a ray perpendicular to the other side of the surface.
ShadingRay back_ray(shading_point.get_ray());
back_ray.m_tmax *= norm(d);
back_ray.m_dir = dot(d, n) > 0.0 ? -n : n;
back_ray.m_org = p - back_ray.m_tmax * back_ray.m_dir;
ShadingPoint back_shading_point(shading_point);
back_shading_point.set_ray(back_ray);
Spectrum back_radiance(0.0f);
SpectrumStack back_aovs(aovs.size(), 0.0f);
// Compute back lighting.
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_back_lighting_samples; ++i)
{
shading_context.get_lighting_engine()->compute_lighting(
sampling_context,
pixel_context,
shading_context,
back_shading_point,
back_radiance,
back_aovs);
}
// Apply translucency factor.
back_radiance *= values.m_translucency;
back_aovs *= values.m_translucency;
// Divide by the number of samples.
const float rcp_sample_count = 1.0f / static_cast<float>(m_back_lighting_samples);
back_radiance *= rcp_sample_count;
back_aovs *= rcp_sample_count;
// Add back lighting contribution.
radiance += back_radiance;
aovs += back_aovs;
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::compute_outgoing_radiance_single_sample(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
radiance.set(0.0f);
aovs.set(0.0f);
if (m_light_sampler.get_emitting_triangle_count() > 0)
{
sampling_context.split_in_place(1, 1);
if (sampling_context.next_double2() < 0.5)
{
sampling_context.split_in_place(3, 1);
take_single_light_sample(
sampling_context,
MISBalance,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
else
{
take_single_bsdf_sample(
sampling_context,
MISBalance,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
radiance *= 2.0f;
aovs *= 2.0f;
}
else
{
take_single_light_sample(
sampling_context,
MISNone,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::sample_bsdf_and_lights_low_variance(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs)
{
sample_bsdf(
sampling_context,
DirectLightingIntegrator::mis_power2,
radiance,
aovs);
Spectrum radiance_light_sampling;
SpectrumStack aovs_light_sampling(aovs.size());
sample_lights_low_variance(
sampling_context,
DirectLightingIntegrator::mis_power2,
radiance_light_sampling,
aovs_light_sampling);
radiance += radiance_light_sampling;
aovs += aovs_light_sampling;
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::add_non_physical_light_sample_contribution(
const LightSample& sample,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs)
{
const Light* light = sample.m_light;
// No contribution if we are computing indirect lighting but this light does not cast indirect light.
if (m_indirect && !(light->get_flags() & Light::CastIndirectLight))
return;
// Evaluate the light.
InputEvaluator input_evaluator(m_shading_context.get_texture_cache());
Vector3d emission_position, emission_direction;
Spectrum light_value;
light->evaluate(
input_evaluator,
sample.m_light_transform.point_to_local(m_point),
emission_position,
emission_direction,
light_value);
// Transform the emission position and direction from assembly space to world space.
emission_position = sample.m_light_transform.point_to_parent(emission_position);
emission_direction = normalize(sample.m_light_transform.vector_to_parent(emission_direction));
// Compute the incoming direction in world space.
const Vector3d incoming = -emission_direction;
// Cull light samples behind the shading surface.
double cos_in = dot(incoming, m_shading_basis.get_normal());
if (m_bsdf.get_type() == BSDF::Transmissive)
cos_in = -cos_in;
if (cos_in <= 0.0)
return;
// Compute the transmission factor between the light sample and the shading point.
const double transmission =
m_shading_context.get_tracer().trace_between(
m_shading_point,
emission_position,
ShadingRay::ShadowRay);
// Discard occluded samples.
if (transmission == 0.0)
return;
// Evaluate the BSDF.
Spectrum bsdf_value;
const double bsdf_prob =
m_bsdf.evaluate(
m_bsdf_data,
false, // not adjoint
true, // multiply by |cos(incoming, normal)|
m_geometric_normal,
m_shading_basis,
m_outgoing,
incoming,
m_light_sampling_modes,
bsdf_value);
if (bsdf_prob == 0.0)
return;
// Add the contribution of this sample to the illumination.
const double attenuation = light->compute_distance_attenuation(m_point, emission_position);
const double weight = (transmission * attenuation) / sample.m_probability;
light_value *= static_cast<float>(weight);
light_value *= bsdf_value;
radiance += light_value;
aovs.add(light->get_render_layer_index(), light_value);
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::add_emitting_triangle_sample_contribution(
const LightSample& sample,
const MISHeuristic mis_heuristic,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
const Material* material = sample.m_triangle->m_material;
const Material::RenderData& material_data = material->get_render_data();
const EDF* edf = material_data.m_edf;
// No contribution if we are computing indirect lighting but this light does not cast indirect light.
if (m_indirect && !(edf->get_flags() & EDF::CastIndirectLight))
return;
// Compute the incoming direction in world space.
Vector3d incoming = sample.m_point - m_point;
// Cull light samples behind the shading surface if the BSDF is either reflective or transmissive,
// but not both.
if (m_bsdf.get_type() != BSDF::AllBSDFTypes)
{
double cos_in = dot(incoming, m_shading_basis.get_normal());
if (m_bsdf.get_type() == BSDF::Transmissive)
cos_in = -cos_in;
if (cos_in <= 0.0)
return;
}
// No contribution if the shading point is behind the light.
double cos_on = dot(-incoming, sample.m_shading_normal);
if (cos_on <= 0.0)
return;
// Compute the transmission factor between the light sample and the shading point.
const double transmission =
m_shading_context.get_tracer().trace_between(
m_shading_point,
sample.m_point,
VisibilityFlags::ShadowRay);
// Discard occluded samples.
if (transmission == 0.0)
return;
// Compute the square distance between the light sample and the shading point.
const double square_distance = square_norm(incoming);
const double rcp_sample_square_distance = 1.0 / square_distance;
const double rcp_sample_distance = sqrt(rcp_sample_square_distance);
// Don't use this sample if we're closer than the light near start value.
if (square_distance < square(edf->get_light_near_start()))
return;
// Normalize the incoming direction.
incoming *= rcp_sample_distance;
cos_on *= rcp_sample_distance;
// Evaluate the BSDF.
Spectrum bsdf_value;
const double bsdf_prob =
m_bsdf.evaluate(
m_bsdf_data,
false, // not adjoint
true, // multiply by |cos(incoming, normal)|
m_geometric_normal,
m_shading_basis,
outgoing.get_value(),
incoming,
m_light_sampling_modes,
bsdf_value);
if (bsdf_prob == 0.0)
return;
// Build a shading point on the light source.
ShadingPoint light_shading_point;
sample.make_shading_point(
light_shading_point,
sample.m_shading_normal,
m_shading_context.get_intersector());
#ifdef APPLESEED_WITH_OSL
if (material_data.m_shader_group)
{
m_shading_context.execute_osl_emission(
*material_data.m_shader_group,
light_shading_point);
}
#endif
// Evaluate the EDF inputs.
InputEvaluator edf_input_evaluator(m_shading_context.get_texture_cache());
edf->evaluate_inputs(edf_input_evaluator, light_shading_point);
// Evaluate the EDF.
Spectrum edf_value;
edf->evaluate(
edf_input_evaluator.data(),
sample.m_geometric_normal,
Basis3d(sample.m_shading_normal),
-incoming,
edf_value);
const double g = cos_on * rcp_sample_square_distance;
double weight = transmission * g / sample.m_probability;
// Apply MIS weighting.
weight *=
mis(
mis_heuristic,
m_light_sample_count * sample.m_probability,
m_bsdf_sample_count * bsdf_prob * g);
// Add the contribution of this sample to the illumination.
edf_value *= static_cast<float>(weight);
edf_value *= bsdf_value;
radiance += edf_value;
aovs.add(edf->get_render_layer_index(), edf_value);
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::take_single_bsdf_sample(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const MISHeuristic mis_heuristic,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
assert(m_light_sampler.get_emitting_triangle_count() > 0);
// Sample the BSDF.
BSDFSample sample(m_shading_point, outgoing);
m_bsdf.sample(
sampling_context,
m_bsdf_data,
false, // not adjoint
true, // multiply by |cos(incoming, normal)|
sample);
// Filter scattering modes.
if (!(m_bsdf_sampling_modes & sample.m_mode))
return;
// Trace a ray in the direction of the reflection.
double weight;
const ShadingPoint& light_shading_point =
m_shading_context.get_tracer().trace(
m_shading_point,
sample.m_incoming.get_value(),
VisibilityFlags::ShadowRay,
weight);
// todo: wouldn't it be more efficient to look the environment up at this point?
if (!light_shading_point.hit())
return;
// Retrieve the material at the intersection point.
const Material* material = light_shading_point.get_material();
if (material == 0)
return;
const Material::RenderData& material_data = material->get_render_data();
// Retrieve the EDF at the intersection point.
const EDF* edf = material_data.m_edf;
if (edf == 0)
return;
// No contribution if we are computing indirect lighting but this light does not cast indirect light.
if (m_indirect && !(edf->get_flags() & EDF::CastIndirectLight))
return;
// Cull the samples on the back side of the lights' shading surface.
const double cos_on = dot(-sample.m_incoming.get_value(), light_shading_point.get_shading_normal());
if (cos_on <= 0.0)
return;
#ifdef APPLESEED_WITH_OSL
if (material_data.m_shader_group)
{
m_shading_context.execute_osl_emission(
*material_data.m_shader_group,
light_shading_point);
}
#endif
// Evaluate the EDF inputs.
InputEvaluator edf_input_evaluator(m_shading_context.get_texture_cache());
edf->evaluate_inputs(edf_input_evaluator, light_shading_point);
// Evaluate emitted radiance.
Spectrum edf_value;
double edf_prob;
edf->evaluate(
edf_input_evaluator.data(),
light_shading_point.get_geometric_normal(),
light_shading_point.get_shading_basis(),
-sample.m_incoming.get_value(),
edf_value,
edf_prob);
if (edf_prob == 0.0)
return;
// Compute the square distance between the light sample and the shading point.
const double square_distance = square(light_shading_point.get_distance());
// Don't use this sample if we're closer than the light near start value.
if (square_distance < square(edf->get_light_near_start()))
return;
if (mis_heuristic != MISNone && square_distance > 0.0)
{
// Transform bsdf_prob to surface area measure (Veach: 8.2.2.2 eq. 8.10).
const double bsdf_prob_area = sample.m_probability * cos_on / square_distance;
// Compute the probability density wrt. surface area mesure of the light sample.
const double light_prob_area = m_light_sampler.evaluate_pdf(light_shading_point);
// Apply the weighting function.
weight *=
mis(
mis_heuristic,
m_bsdf_sample_count * bsdf_prob_area,
m_light_sample_count * light_prob_area);
}
// Add the contribution of this sample to the illumination.
edf_value *= static_cast<float>(weight / sample.m_probability);
edf_value *= sample.m_value;
radiance += edf_value;
aovs.add(edf->get_render_layer_index(), edf_value);
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::compute_outgoing_radiance_light_sampling_low_variance(
SamplingContext& sampling_context,
const MISHeuristic mis_heuristic,
const Dual3d& outgoing,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs) const
{
radiance.set(0.0f);
aovs.set(0.0f);
// todo: if we had a way to know that a BSDF is purely specular, we could
// immediately return black here since there will be no contribution from
// such a BSDF.
// Sample emitting triangles.
if (m_light_sampler.get_emitting_triangle_count() > 0)
{
sampling_context.split_in_place(3, m_light_sample_count);
for (size_t i = 0; i < m_light_sample_count; ++i)
{
const Vector3d s = sampling_context.next_vector2<3>();
LightSample sample;
m_light_sampler.sample_emitting_triangles(m_time, s, sample);
add_emitting_triangle_sample_contribution(
sample,
mis_heuristic,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
if (m_light_sample_count > 1)
{
const float rcp_light_sample_count = 1.0f / m_light_sample_count;
radiance *= rcp_light_sample_count;
aovs *= rcp_light_sample_count;
}
}
// Sample non-physical light sources.
const size_t light_count = m_light_sampler.get_non_physical_light_count();
if (light_count > 0)
{
sampling_context.split_in_place(2, light_count);
for (size_t i = 0; i < light_count; ++i)
{
const Vector2d s = sampling_context.next_vector2<2>();
LightSample sample;
m_light_sampler.sample_non_physical_light(m_time, s, i, sample);
add_non_physical_light_sample_contribution(
sample,
outgoing,
radiance,
aovs);
}
}
}
void DirectLightingIntegrator::add_light_sample_contribution(
const LightSample& sample,
Spectrum& radiance,
SpectrumStack& aovs)
{
// Compute the incoming direction in world space.
Vector3d incoming = sample.m_point - m_point;
// Cull light samples behind the shading surface.
double cos_in = dot(incoming, m_shading_basis.get_normal());
if (m_bsdf.get_type() == BSDF::Transmissive)
cos_in = -cos_in;
if (cos_in <= 0.0)
return;
// Compute the transmission factor between the light sample and the shading point.
const double transmission =
m_shading_context.get_tracer().trace_between(
m_point,
sample.m_point,
m_time,
m_parent_shading_point);
// Discard occluded samples.
if (transmission == 0.0)
return;
// Compute the square distance between the light sample and the shading point.
const double rcp_sample_square_distance = 1.0 / square_norm(incoming);
const double rcp_sample_distance = sqrt(rcp_sample_square_distance);
// Normalize the incoming direction.
incoming *= rcp_sample_distance;
cos_in *= rcp_sample_distance;
// Evaluate the BSDF.
Spectrum bsdf_value;
const double bsdf_prob =
m_bsdf.evaluate(
m_bsdf_data,
false, // not adjoint
true, // multiply by |cos(incoming, normal)|
m_geometric_normal,
m_shading_basis,
m_outgoing,
incoming,
m_bsdf_modes,
bsdf_value);
if (bsdf_prob == 0.0)
return;
const Light* light = sample.m_light;
// Evaluate the input values of the light.
InputEvaluator light_input_evaluator(m_shading_context.get_texture_cache());
light->evaluate_inputs(light_input_evaluator, -incoming);
// Evaluate the light.
Spectrum light_value;
light->evaluate(
light_input_evaluator.data(),
-incoming,
light_value);
// Add the contribution of this sample to the illumination.
const double weight = transmission * rcp_sample_square_distance / sample.m_probability;
light_value *= static_cast<float>(weight);
light_value *= bsdf_value;
radiance += light_value;
aovs.add(light->get_render_layer_index(), radiance);
}