int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
TStopwatch watch;
gRandom = new TRandom3(0); // set random seed
gROOT->ProcessLine(".L loader.c+"); // Initialize struct objects (see dictionaries)
// Gas setup
TString gasmixt[6] = { "C5H12", "CF4", "", "60", "40", "" };
TString output = gasmixt[0] + "-" + gasmixt[1] + "-" + gasmixt[2] + "-" + gasmixt[3] + "-" + gasmixt[4] + "-" + gasmixt[5];
std::string workingdir = "includes/";
workingdir.append("GEM5"); // Name of the working directory which contains the GEM files
workingdir.append("/");
std::string particleType = "mu";
Double_t particleEnergy = 100.e9;
bool debug = true;
Int_t it = 100;
// Load GEM dimensions
GEMconfig g;
loadGEMconfig(workingdir, g);
// Load the field map
ComponentAnsys123* fm = new ComponentAnsys123();
std::string efile = workingdir + "ELIST.lis";
std::string nfile = workingdir + "NLIST.lis";
std::string mfile = workingdir + "MPLIST.lis";
std::string sfile = workingdir + "PRNSOL.lis";
std::string wfile = workingdir + "WSOL.lis";
std::string dfile = workingdir + "WSOLD.lis";
if(!fm->Initialise(efile, nfile, mfile, sfile, "mm")) {
std::cout << "Error while loading the ANSYS field map files." << std::endl;
}
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityX();
fm->EnableMirrorPeriodicityY();
if(debug) {
fm->PrintRange();
}
fm->SetWeightingField(wfile, "readout");
fm->SetWeightingField(dfile, "ions");
// Gas setup
MediumMagboltz* gas = new MediumMagboltz();
gas->SetComposition((std::string)gasmixt[0], atof(gasmixt[3]), (std::string)gasmixt[1], atof(gasmixt[4]), (std::string)gasmixt[2], atof(gasmixt[5]));
gas->SetTemperature(293.15);
gas->SetPressure(760.0);
//gas->SetMaxElectronEnergy(200.);
gas->EnableDebugging();
gas->Initialise();
gas->DisableDebugging();
//const double rPenning = 0.57;
//const double lambdaPenning = 0.;
//gas->EnablePenningTransfer(rPenning, lambdaPenning, "ar");
gas->LoadIonMobility(GARFIELD + "Data/IonMobility_Ar+_Ar.txt");
//gas->LoadIonMobility(GARFIELD + "Data/IonMobility_CO2+_CO2");
//Associate the gas with the corresponding field map material.
const int nMaterials = fm->GetNumberOfMaterials();
for(int i=0; i<nMaterials; ++i) {
const double eps = fm->GetPermittivity(i);
if(fabs(eps - 1.) < 1.e-3) fm->SetMedium(i, gas);
}
if(debug) {
fm->PrintMaterials();
}
// Sensor setup
Sensor* sensor = new Sensor();
sensor->AddComponent(fm);
sensor->SetArea(-5.*(g.pitch), -5.*(g.pitch), 0.0, 5.*(g.pitch), 5.*(g.pitch), g.totalT);
// Setup HEED
TrackHeed* heed = new TrackHeed();
heed->SetSensor(sensor);
//heed->DisableDeltaElectronTransport();
heed->SetParticle(particleType);
heed->SetMomentum(particleEnergy);
if(debug) {
heed->EnableDebugging();
}
// Setup electron transport
AvalancheMicroscopic* aval = new AvalancheMicroscopic();
aval->SetSensor(sensor);
//aval->EnableAvalancheSizeLimit(1000);
sensor->AddElectrode(fm, "readout");
sensor->AddElectrode(fm, "ions");
const double tMin = 0.;
const double tMax = 75.;
const double tStep = 0.2;
const int nTimeBins = int((tMax - tMin)/tStep);
sensor->SetTimeWindow(0., tStep, nTimeBins);
aval->EnableSignalCalculation();
ViewSignal* signalView = new ViewSignal();
signalView->SetSensor(sensor);
TH1D* h; // tmp storage of timing histogram
// Setup ion transport
AvalancheMC* iondrift = new AvalancheMC();
iondrift->SetSensor(sensor);
iondrift->EnableSignalCalculation();
iondrift->SetDistanceSteps(2e-4);
// Calculate avalanche
int ne, ni, np, status, nc;
double ec, extra;
double x0, y0, z0, t0, e0, x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, x2, y2, z2, t2, e2, x3, y3, z3, t3, e3;
double vx0, vy0, vz0, vx1, vy1, vz1;
TRandom3 r;
r.SetSeed(0);
TString savefile = workingdir + "output/" + output + ".root";
TFile f(savefile, "recreate");
TDirectory *dir = f.mkdir("signals");
dir->cd();
// Prepare tree for charged particle and clusters
particle p;
TTree *pTree = new TTree("pTree", "Charged particle");
pTree->Branch("x0", &p.x0);
pTree->Branch("y0", &p.y0);
pTree->Branch("z0", &p.z0);
pTree->Branch("vx0", &p.vx0);
pTree->Branch("vy0", &p.vy0);
pTree->Branch("vz0", &p.vz0);
pTree->Branch("t0", &p.t0);
pTree->Branch("e0", &p.e0);
pTree->Branch("type", "TString", &p.type);
pTree->Branch("noClusters", &p.noClusters);
pTree->Branch("stoppingpower", &p.stoppingPower);
pTree->Branch("lambda", &p.lambda);
pTree->Branch("clusters", "std::vector<cluster>", &p.clusters);
// Prepare tree for electrons
avalancheE aE;
TTree *ETree = new TTree("eTree", "Avalanche electrons");
ETree->Branch("x0", &aE.x0);
ETree->Branch("y0", &aE.y0);
ETree->Branch("z0", &aE.z0);
ETree->Branch("vx0", &aE.vx0);
ETree->Branch("vy0", &aE.vy0);
ETree->Branch("vz0", &aE.vz0);
ETree->Branch("t0", &aE.t0);
ETree->Branch("e0", &aE.e0);
ETree->Branch("ne", &aE.ne);
ETree->Branch("x1", &aE.x1);
ETree->Branch("y1", &aE.y1);
ETree->Branch("z1", &aE.z1);
ETree->Branch("t1", &aE.t1);
ETree->Branch("e1", &aE.e1);
ETree->Branch("x2", &aE.x2);
ETree->Branch("y2", &aE.y2);
ETree->Branch("z2", &aE.z2);
ETree->Branch("t2", &aE.t2);
ETree->Branch("e2", &aE.e2);
ETree->Branch("status", &aE.status);
// Prepare tree for ions
avalancheI aI;
TTree *ITree = new TTree("iTree", "Avalanche ions");
ITree->Branch("x0", &aI.x0);
ITree->Branch("y0", &aI.y0);
ITree->Branch("z0", &aI.z0);
ITree->Branch("t0", &aI.t0);
ITree->Branch("ni", &aI.ni);
ITree->Branch("x1", &aI.x1);
ITree->Branch("y1", &aI.y1);
ITree->Branch("z1", &aI.z1);
ITree->Branch("t1", &aI.t1);
ITree->Branch("x2", &aI.x2);
ITree->Branch("y2", &aI.y2);
ITree->Branch("z2", &aI.z2);
ITree->Branch("t2", &aI.t2);
ITree->Branch("status", &aI.status);
// Start iteration
std::cout << "---------------------------------------------------------------" << std::endl;
for(int i=0; i<it; i++) {
if(debug) {
std::cout << "Progress: " << 100.*(i+1)/it << "%" << std::endl;
}
system("mail -s 'timeResolution10' [email protected] <<< 'Progress: " + int2str(i) + "' ");
// Set random velocity direction, in positive hemisphere
const double ctheta = 1. - r.Uniform();
const double stheta = sqrt(1. - ctheta*ctheta);
const double phi = TwoPi*r.Uniform();
vx0 = cos(phi)*stheta;
vy0 = sin(phi)*stheta;
vz0 = ctheta;
// Set initial time
t0 = 0.0;
// Generate random (x,y) position in unit cell
x0 = r.Uniform()*g.pitch/2;
y0 = r.Uniform()*g.pitch*TMath::Sqrt(3)/2;
z0 = 0.;
// Set muon perpendicular in midpoint of GEM
x0 = 0.;
y0 = 0.;
vx0 = 0.;
vy0 = 0.;
vz0 = 1.;
heed->NewTrack(x0, y0, z0, t0, vx0, vy0, vz0); // generate particle track
// Storage of TRACK coordinates and primary ionization properties
p.x0 = x0;
p.y0 = y0;
p.z0 = z0;
p.vx0 = vx0;
p.vy0 = vy0;
p.vz0 = vz0;
p.t0 = t0;
p.e0 = particleEnergy;
p.type = particleType;
p.noClusters = 0;
p.lambda = 1/heed->GetClusterDensity();
p.stoppingPower = heed->GetStoppingPower();
// Loop over clusters
int l=0;
while(heed->GetCluster(x0, y0, z0, t0, nc, ec, extra)) {
// Skip the clusters which are not in the drift region
if(z0 > g.driftT) {
continue;
}
if(debug) {
std::cout << " cluster " << l << " (# electrons = " << nc << ", ec = " << ec <<" )" << std::endl;
}
cluster c;
// Storage of cluster information
p.noClusters++;
c.x0 = x0;
c.y0 = y0;
c.z0 = z0;
c.t0 = t0;
c.nc = nc; // amount of primary electrons
c.ec = ec; // energy transferred to gas
// Loop over electrons in cluster
for(int j=0; j<nc; j++) {
heed->GetElectron(j, x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, vx1, vy1, vz1);
c.x1.push_back(x1);
c.y1.push_back(y1);
c.z1.push_back(z1);
c.t1.push_back(t1);
c.e1.push_back(e1);
c.vx1.push_back(vx1);
c.vy1.push_back(vy1);
c.vz1.push_back(vz1);
// Calculate the drift of electrons and ions
aval->AvalancheElectron(x1, y1, z1, t1, e1, vx1, vy1, vz1);
aval->GetAvalancheSize(ne, ni);
np = aval->GetNumberOfElectronEndpoints();
if(debug) {
std::cout << " avalanche electrons = " << np << std::endl;
}
aE.ne = ne;
aE.x0 = x1;
aE.y0 = y1;
aE.z0 = z1;
aE.vx0 = vx1;
aE.vy0 = vy1;
aE.vz0 = vz1;
aE.t0 = t1;
aE.e0 = e1;
aI.ni = ni;
aI.x0 = x1;
aI.y0 = y1;
aI.z0 = z1;
aI.t0 = t1;
// Loop over all electrons in avalanche
for(int k=0; k<np; k++) {
aval->GetElectronEndpoint(k, x2, y2, z2, t2, e2, x3, y3, z3, t3, e3, status);
aE.x1.push_back(x2);
aE.y1.push_back(y2);
aE.z1.push_back(z2);
aE.t1.push_back(t2);
aE.e1.push_back(e2);
aE.x2.push_back(x3);
aE.y2.push_back(y3);
aE.z2.push_back(z3);
aE.t2.push_back(t3);
aE.e2.push_back(e3);
aE.status.push_back(status);
iondrift->DriftIon(x2, y2, z2, t2);
iondrift->GetIonEndpoint(0, x2, y2, z2, t2, x3, y3, z3, t3, status);
aI.x1.push_back(x2);
aI.y1.push_back(y2);
aI.z1.push_back(z2);
aI.t1.push_back(t2);
aI.x2.push_back(x3);
aI.y2.push_back(y3);
aI.z2.push_back(z3);
aI.t2.push_back(t3);
aI.status.push_back(status);
}
ETree->Fill();
ITree->Fill();
// Reset vectors
aE.x1.clear();
aE.y1.clear();
aE.z1.clear();
aE.t1.clear();
aE.e1.clear();
aE.x2.clear();
aE.y2.clear();
aE.z2.clear();
aE.t2.clear();
aE.e2.clear();
aE.status.clear();
aI.x1.clear();
aI.y1.clear();
aI.z1.clear();
aI.t1.clear();
aI.e1.clear();
aI.x2.clear();
aI.y2.clear();
aI.z2.clear();
aI.t2.clear();
aI.e2.clear();
aI.status.clear();
}
p.clusters.push_back(c);
l++;
}
pTree->Fill();
p.clusters.clear();
signalView->PlotSignal("readout");
h = signalView->GetHistogram();
h->Write("signal");
sensor->SetTransferFunction(transferf);
sensor->ConvoluteSignal();
signalView->PlotSignal("readout");
h = signalView->GetHistogram();
h->Write("signalT");
sensor->ClearSignal();
}
f.cd(); // go to top directory
ETree->Write();
ITree->Write();
pTree->Write();
f.Close();
std::cout << "--------------- TIMING ---------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << watch.CpuTime() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char * argv[]){
TApplication app("app", &argc, argv);
plottingEngine.SetDefaultStyle();
// Load the Magboltz gas file
MediumMagboltz* gas = new MediumMagboltz();
gas->LoadGasFile("ar_90_c4h10_10_B2T_90deg.gas");
//
// Structure of Micromegas cell (from top to bottom):
//------------------------
// | Drift electrode (Vdrift = -2500 V)
// | Drift gap (Hdriftgap = 3 mm)
// | Mesh electrode (Vmesh = -500 V)
// | Amplification gap (Hampgap = 100 um)
// | Strips (Vstrip = 0 V)
//------------------------
//
//
// We place 3 strips in z direction in order to
// be able to resolve the avalanche signal.
// Strips can be parametrized by width and pitch
//
// Units given in [cm]
const double Hdriftgap = 0.3; // Drift gap height
const double Hampgap = 0.01; // Amplification gap height
const double Htot = Hdriftgap + Hampgap; // Total height
const double Pitch = 0.07; // Pitch
const double Interpitch = 0.01; // Distance between two strips
const double Wstrip = Pitch - Interpitch;
// Electrode potentials
const double Vdrift = -3000.;
const double Vamp = -500.;
const double Vstrip = 0.;
// Magnetic field
const double MagX = 0.;
const double MagY = 0.;
const double MagZ = 2.;
// Geometry of the structure
// Parallel planes, SolidBox, height [cm]
// Width [cm]
const double w = 3.0;
// Length [cm]
const double l = 3.0;
GeometrySimple* geo = new GeometrySimple();
SolidBox* box = new SolidBox(0.,Htot/2.0, 0., w, Htot/2.0, l);
geo->AddSolid(box, gas);
//
// The Component requires a description of the geometry, that is a list of volumes
// and associated media.
// Here we construct 2 ComponentAnalyticalFields, to treat the
// arift region and the amplification separately
//
ComponentAnalyticField* cmpDrift = new ComponentAnalyticField();
ComponentAnalyticField* cmpAmp = new ComponentAnalyticField();
// Pass a pointer of the geometry class to the components.
cmpDrift->SetGeometry(geo);
cmpAmp->SetGeometry(geo);
// Now we add the planes for the electrodes with labels
cmpDrift->AddPlaneY(Htot, Vdrift, "DriftPlane");
cmpDrift->AddPlaneY(Hampgap, Vamp, "AmpPlane");
cmpAmp->AddPlaneY(Hampgap, Vamp, "AmpPlane");
cmpAmp->AddPlaneY(0.0, Vstrip, "StripPlane");
//Next we construct the Strips for readout of te signal, also with labels
double Xoffset = 0.;
double Xstrip1, Xstrip2, Xstrip3; // Store the center of the strips
Xstrip1 = Xoffset + Wstrip/2.0;
cmpAmp->AddStripOnPlaneY('z', 0.0, Xoffset, Xoffset + Wstrip, "Strip1");
Xoffset += (Wstrip + Interpitch); Xstrip2 = Xoffset + Wstrip/2.0;
cmpAmp->AddStripOnPlaneY('z', 0.0, Xoffset, Xoffset + Wstrip, "Strip2");
Xoffset += (Wstrip + Interpitch); Xstrip3 = Xoffset + Wstrip/2.0;
cmpAmp->AddStripOnPlaneY('z', 0.0, Xoffset, Xoffset + Wstrip, "Strip3");
//We want to calculate the signal induced on the strip.
//We have to tell this to the ComponentAnalyticalField
cmpAmp->AddReadout("Strip1");
cmpAmp->AddReadout("Strip2");
cmpAmp->AddReadout("Strip3");
// Set constant magnetic field in [Tesla]
cmpDrift->SetMagneticField(MagX, MagY, MagZ);
//Finally we assemble a Sensor object
Sensor* sensor = new Sensor();
// Calculate the electric field using the Component object cmp
sensor->AddComponent(cmpDrift);
sensor->AddComponent(cmpAmp);
// Request signal calculation for the electrode named with labels above,
// using the weighting field provided by the Component object cmp.
sensor->AddElectrode(cmpAmp, "Strip1");
sensor->AddElectrode(cmpAmp, "Strip2");
sensor->AddElectrode(cmpAmp, "Strip3");
// Set Time window for signal integration, units in [ns]
const double tMin = 0.;
const double tMax = 100.;
const double tStep = 0.05;
const int nTimeBins = int((tMax - tMin) / tStep);
sensor->SetTimeWindow(0., tStep, nTimeBins);
// This canvas will be used to display the drift lines and the field
TCanvas * c = new TCanvas("c", "c", 10, 10, 1000, 700);
c->Divide(2,1);
// Construct object to visualise drift lines
ViewDrift* viewdrift = new ViewDrift();
viewdrift->SetArea(0.0, 0.0, -0.1, 0.2, Htot,0.1 );
viewdrift->SetClusterMarkerSize(0.1);
viewdrift->SetCollisionMarkerSize(0.5);
viewdrift->SetCanvas((TCanvas*)c->cd(1));
//For simulating the electron avalanche we use the class AvalancheMicroscopic
AvalancheMicroscopic* aval = new AvalancheMicroscopic();
const int aval_size = 10;
aval->SetSensor(sensor);
// Switch on signal calculation.
aval->EnableSignalCalculation();
aval->SetTimeWindow(tMin,tMax );
// aval->EnableAvalancheSizeLimit(aval_size);
aval->EnablePlotting(viewdrift);
aval->EnableDriftLines();
aval->EnableMagneticField();
// Additional optional switches
//aval->EnableExcitationMarkers();
//aval->EnableIonisationMarkers();
//Add ionizing particle using Heed
// Here we add a negative pion with some momentum, units in [eV/c]
const double momentum = 300.e+06; // eV/c
TrackHeed* track = new TrackHeed();
track->SetParticle("pi-");
track->SetMomentum(momentum);
track->SetSensor(sensor);
track->EnableMagneticField();
track->EnableElectricField();
track->EnablePlotting(viewdrift);
// Cluster info
double xcls, ycls, zcls, tcls, e, extra;
xcls = ycls = zcls = tcls = e = extra = -999.;
// Electron info
double xele, yele, zele, tele, eele, dxele, dyele, dzele;
// Electron start and endpoints, momentum direction and status
double x0ele, y0ele, z0ele, t0ele, e0ele;// start point
double x1ele, y1ele, z1ele, t1ele, e1ele;// endpoint
double dx1ele, dy1ele, dz1ele; // momentum direction
int status1ele; // status
int n = 0; // number of electrons in cluster
bool cls_ret;// return OK if cluster is OK
// The initial impact position of the incoming ionising track
double track_x = 0.15;// [cm]
double track_y = 0.3;
double track_z = 0.0;
// Momentum direction of incoming track
double track_dx = 0.0;
double track_dy = -1.0; // Track coming downstream
double track_dz = 0.0;
// Now create a single track
track->NewTrack(track_x, track_y, track_z, tMin, track_dx, track_dy, track_dz);
cls_ret = track->GetCluster(xcls, ycls, zcls, tcls, n, e, extra);
// To accumulate the electron signal for each strip separately
double Qstrip1 = 0.0; double Qstrip2 = 0.0; double Qstrip3 = 0.0;
// Now loop over electrons in cluster
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++){
track->GetElectron(j-1, xele, yele, zele, tele, eele, dxele, dyele, dzele);
// Simulate an avalanche for the current electron
aval->AvalancheElectron(xele, yele, zele, tele, eele, dxele, dyele, dzele);
}
// To get Signal from each strip we get the it from each sensor
// by integrating over time
for(int i = 0; i < nTimeBins; i++){
Qstrip1 += fabs(sensor->GetElectronSignal("Strip1", i));
Qstrip2 += fabs(sensor->GetElectronSignal("Strip2", i));
Qstrip3 += fabs(sensor->GetElectronSignal("Strip3", i));
}
// Now calculate the reconstructed pion position in the Micromegas
// using the weighted average of the Strip signals
double mean = 0.0;
mean = (Qstrip1*Xstrip1 + Qstrip2*Xstrip2 + Qstrip3*Xstrip3)/(Qstrip1+Qstrip2+Qstrip3);
std::cout << "---------------------------" << std::endl;
std::cout << "XMean: " << mean << " cm, XTrue: " << track_x << " cm" << std::endl;
std::cout << "XTrue - XMean: " << fabs(track_x - mean)*10000.0 << " um" << std::endl;
std::cout << "---------------------------" << std::endl;
// -- Plotting --
// Now plot the drift lines
viewdrift->Plot();
// View the Field
ViewField * viewfield = new ViewField();
viewfield->SetComponent(cmpAmp);
viewfield->SetSensor(sensor);
viewfield->SetCanvas((TCanvas*)c->cd(2));
viewfield->SetWeightingFieldRange(0.0, 10000.0);
c->cd(2);
viewfield->PlotContour();
// View the strip signals
TCanvas * c2 = new TCanvas("c2", "c2", 1000, 20, 700, 500);
ViewSignal* signalView = new ViewSignal();
signalView->SetSensor(sensor);
signalView->SetCanvas(c2);
if(Qstrip1 > 0)signalView->PlotSignal("Strip1");
if(Qstrip2 > 0)signalView->PlotSignal("Strip2");
if(Qstrip3 > 0)signalView->PlotSignal("Strip3");
app.Run();
return 0;
}