void rb_insert(rbtree* tree, int data) {
rbnode* pn = rb_search(tree, data);
rbnode* nn = create_rbnode(data);
if (!pn) {
tree->root = nn;
nn->color = BLACK;
return;
}
else if (data == pn->data) {
return;
}
else if (data < pn->data) {
pn->left = nn;
nn->parent = pn;
}
else if (data > pn->data) {
pn->right = nn;
nn->parent = pn;
}
while (pn && pn->color == RED) {
if (IS_LEFT(pn)) {
rbnode* uncle = pn->parent->right;
if (uncle && uncle->color == RED) {
pn->color = uncle->color = BLACK;
pn->parent->color = RED;
nn = pn->parent;
pn = nn->parent;
continue;
}
if (IS_RIGHT(nn)) {
LEFT_ROTATE(tree, pn);
SWAP(nn, pn, rbnode*);
}
RIGHT_ROTATE(tree, pn->parent);
pn->color = BLACK;
pn->right->color = RED;
break;
}
else {
rbnode* uncle = pn->parent->left;
if (uncle && uncle->color == RED) {
pn->color = uncle->color = BLACK;
pn->parent->color = RED;
nn = pn->parent;
pn = nn->parent;
continue;
}
if (IS_LEFT(nn)) {
RIGHT_ROTATE(tree, pn);
SWAP(nn, pn, rbnode*);
}
LEFT_ROTATE(tree, pn->parent);
pn->color = BLACK;
pn->left->color = RED;
break;
}
}
// nn is root
if (!pn) nn->color = BLACK;
}
void rb_insert_fixup(Node* &T, Node *n)
{
// 如果n的父亲是红色，则需要调整
// 如果n的父亲是黑色，则不需要调整，因为n本身是红色
while(IS_RED(PARENT(n))) {
// 根据n的叔叔节点的颜色，来决定调整方案
Node *p = IS_LEFT(PARENT(n))? RIGHT(PARENT(PARENT(n))): LEFT(PARENT(PARENT(n)));
// 如果叔叔是红色，那很简单，把爷爷的黑色转移给父亲和叔叔，爷爷刷成红色
// 这样，即满足了性质4，也没有破坏性质5及其他性质
// 但是，爷爷可能破坏了红黑性质4，则从爷爷开始继续调整（向上递归了两层）
if (IS_RED(p)) {
// 父亲刷成黑色
SET_BLACK(PARENT(n));
// 叔叔刷成黑色
SET_BLACK(p);
// 爷爷刷成红色
SET_RED(PARENT(PARENT(n)));
// 从爷爷开始继续调整
n = PARENT(PARENT(n));
continue;
}
// 如果叔叔是黑色，就复杂一点，引入旋转操作
// 如果n是左孩子，那么需要一次右旋+颜色调整即可
// 如果n是右孩子，则通过一次左旋调整成左孩子，然后按上面情况处理
if (IS_LEFT(PARENT(n))) {
// 如果n是右孩子，通过右旋调整成左孩子
if (IS_RIGHT(n)) {
n = PARENT(n);
left_rotate(T, n);
}
// 现在n是左孩子了
SET_BLACK(PARENT(n));
SET_RED(PARENT(PARENT(n)));
right_rotate(T, PARENT(PARENT(n)));
} else {
if (IS_LEFT(n)) {
n = PARENT(n);
right_rotate(T,n);
}
SET_BLACK(PARENT(n));
SET_RED(PARENT(PARENT(n)));
left_rotate(T,PARENT(PARENT(n)));
}
}
// 如果n是根节点，则把根设置为黑色
if (NIL == PARENT(n))
SET_BLACK(n);
}
Node* tree_successor(const Node *n)
{
Node *p = const_cast<Node*>(n);
if (NIL == p)
return p;
if (NIL != RIGHT(p))
return tree_min(RIGHT(p));
while (IS_RIGHT(p) && (p = PARENT(p)));
return PARENT(p);
}
int os_rank(const Node *T, const Node *n)
{
int r = SIZE(LEFT(n)) + 1;
Node *p = const_cast<Node*>(n);
while (p != T) {
if (IS_RIGHT(p)) {
r += SIZE(LEFT(PARENT(p))) +1;
}
p = PARENT(p);
}
return r;
}
static void RIGHT_ROTATE(rbtree* tree, rbnode* n)
{
int is_left = IS_LEFT(n);
int is_right = IS_RIGHT(n);
rbnode* l = n->left;
l->parent = n->parent;
if (is_left) l->parent->left = l;
else if (is_right) l->parent->right = l;
else tree->root = l;
n->left = l->right;
if (n->left) n->left->parent = n;
l->right = n;
n->parent = l;
}
static void LEFT_ROTATE(rbtree* tree, rbnode* n)
{
int is_left = IS_LEFT(n);
int is_right = IS_RIGHT(n);
rbnode* r = n->right;
r->parent = n->parent;
if (is_left) r->parent->left = r;
else if (is_right) r->parent->right = r;
else tree->root = r;
n->right = r->left;
if (n->right) n->right->parent = n;
r->left = n;
n->parent = r;
}
void inorder_tree_walk(const Node *T)
{
if (NIL == T)
return;
// 按照两套规则处理：“未经过的节点”和“已经过的节点”
Node *p = const_cast<Node*>(T);
while (NIL != p) {
// ============未经过的节点=============
// 左孩子不为空, 则向下遍历左孩子
if (NIL != LEFT(p)) {
p = LEFT(p);
continue;
}
// 左孩子为空，则访问本节点
printf("%d(%d), ", KEY(p), SIZE(p));
// 右孩子不为空，则访问右子树
if (NIL != RIGHT(p)) {
p = RIGHT(p);
continue;
}
// ============已经过的节点=============
// 右孩子为空，则开始向上处理父亲
while (true) {
if (IS_RIGHT(p)) {
// 如果本节点是父亲的右孩子，则继续向上处理父亲
p = PARENT(p);
} else {
// 本节点是父亲的左孩子，则访问父亲
p = PARENT(p);
printf("%d(%d), ", KEY(p), SIZE(p));
// 如果右孩子不为空，则访问右子树（“未经过的节点”）
if (NIL != RIGHT(p)) {
p = RIGHT(p);
break;
}
// 右孩子为空，则继续向上处理父亲
}
// 如果父亲是根，则意味着访问结束
if (IS_ROOT(p))
return;
}
}
}
void rb_delete(rbtree* tree, int data) {
int color = RED;
rbnode* dn = tree->root;
rbnode* x = 0;
rbnode* y = 0; //parent of deleted node
rbnode* s = 0; //sibling
rbnode* p = 0; //parent
rbnode* ln =0; //left nephew
rbnode* rn = 0; //right nephew
int delcolor = 0;
while (dn) {
if (dn->data == data) break;
else if (data < dn->data) dn = dn->left;
else dn = dn->right;
}
if (!dn) return;
delcolor = dn->color;
y = dn->parent;
if (!dn->left && !dn->right) {
REPLACE(tree, dn, ((rbnode*)0));
x = 0;
}
else if (!dn->left) {
REPLACE(tree, dn, dn->right);
x = dn->right;
}
else if (!dn->right) {
REPLACE(tree, dn, dn->left);
x = dn->left;
}
else {
rbnode* rl = dn->right;
while (rl->left) rl = rl->left;
x = rl->right;
y = rl == dn->right ? rl : rl->parent;
delcolor = rl->color;
REPLACE(tree, rl, rl->right);
REPLACE(tree, dn, rl);
rl->left = dn->left;
rl->right = dn->right;
rl->color = dn->color;
}
if (delcolor == RED) {
destory_rbnode(dn);
return;
}
while (IS_BLACK(x) && x != tree->root) {
p = x ? x->parent : y;
if ((!x && !y->left) || IS_LEFT(x)) {
s = p->right;//s != 0,because x is black, the path to from s to null must has at least a black node
if (s->color == RED) {
LEFT_ROTATE(tree,p);
p->color = RED;
s->color = BLACK;
continue;
}
else if (IS_BLACK(s->left) && IS_BLACK(s->right)) {
s->color = RED;
x = p;
continue;
}
ln = s->left;
rn = s->right;
if (IS_BLACK(rn)) {
RIGHT_ROTATE(tree,s);
s->color = RED;
ln->color = BLACK;
continue;
}
else {
LEFT_ROTATE(tree,p);
s->color = p->color;
p->color = BLACK;
x = rn;
break;
}
}
else if ((!x && !y->right) || IS_RIGHT(x)) {
s = p->left;//s != 0,because x is black, the path to from s to null must has at least a black node
if (s->color == RED) {
RIGHT_ROTATE(tree,p);
p->color = RED;
s->color = BLACK;
continue;
}
else if (IS_BLACK(s->left) && IS_BLACK(s->left)) {
s->color = RED;
x = p;
continue;
}
ln = s->left;
rn = s->left;
if (IS_BLACK(ln)) {
LEFT_ROTATE(tree,s);
s->color = RED;
rn->color = BLACK;
continue;
}
else {
RIGHT_ROTATE(tree,p);
s->color = p->color;
p->color = BLACK;
x = ln;
break;
}
}
}
if (x) x->color = BLACK;
destory_rbnode(dn);
return;
}