static
Ray3D GetGizmoAxisInWorldSpace( const APlaceable* pEntity, const EGizmoAxis eAxis )
{
const Vec3D& origin = pEntity->GetOrigin();
const Matrix4 R = pEntity->GetOrientation().ToMat4();
const Vec3D axisX = R[0].ToVec3();
const Vec3D axisY = R[1].ToVec3();
const Vec3D axisZ = R[2].ToVec3();
switch( eAxis )
{
case GizmoAxis_X :
return Ray3D( origin, axisX );
case GizmoAxis_Y :
return Ray3D( origin, axisY );
case GizmoAxis_Z :
return Ray3D( origin, axisZ );
mxNO_SWITCH_DEFAULT;
}
return Ray3D();
}
int RayDirectionalLight::isInShadow(RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,RayShape* shape,int& isectCount){
Point3D P = iInfo.iCoordinate;
Point3D L = -direction;
Ray3D temp = Ray3D(P,L);
Ray3D tempRay = Ray3D(temp(.00001),L);
RayIntersectionInfo info;
double d = shape->intersect(tempRay, info, -1);
//printf("hit distance:%f,%f,%f,%f\n",d,info.normal.p[0],info.normal.p[1],info.normal.p[2]);
if (L.dot(info.normal) >= 0)
return 1;
if (d > 0) {return 0;}
else return 1;
}
Point3D RayDirectionalLight::transparency(RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,RayShape* shape,Point3D cLimit){
Point3D trans = Point3D(1,1,1);
Ray3D shadeRay = Ray3D(iInfo.iCoordinate, -direction);
shadeRay.position = shadeRay(0.00001);
RayIntersectionInfo info;
Point3D Kt = Point3D();
while (Kt[0] < cLimit[0] && Kt[1] < cLimit[1] && Kt[2] < cLimit[2]) {
double dis = shape->intersect(shadeRay, info, -1);
Point3D N = info.normal;
if (dis < 0 || -direction.dot(N) >= 0)
return trans;
Kt = info.material->transparent;
shadeRay.position = info.iCoordinate;
shadeRay.position = shadeRay(0.00001);
cLimit /= Kt;
trans -= Kt;
}
if(trans[0]<0) trans[0] =0;
if(trans[1]<0) trans[1] =0;
if(trans[2]<0) trans[2] =0;
return trans;
}
int RaySpotLight::isInShadow(RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,RayShape* shape,int& isectCount){
Point3D temp = this->location - iInfo.iCoordinate;
double dist = temp.length();
Ray3D newRay = Ray3D();
newRay.position = iInfo.iCoordinate;
newRay.direction = temp.unit();
if(shape->intersect(newRay, iInfo, dist) > 0){
isectCount+=1;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int RayPointLight::isInShadow(RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,RayShape* shape,int& isectCount){
Point3D temp = location - iInfo.iCoordinate;
double dist = sqrt(temp.dot(temp));
double atten = 0;
atten = (constAtten + (linearAtten*dist) + (quadAtten*pow(dist,2.0)));
Ray3D testRay = Ray3D();
testRay.position = iInfo.iCoordinate;
testRay.direction = temp.unit();
if(shape->intersect(testRay, iInfo, dist) != -1){
return 1;
}
//1 = inShadow, 0 = no shadow
return 0;
}
void Raytracer::render( int width, int height, Point3D eye, Vector3D view,
Vector3D up, double fov, char* fileName, char mode ) {
Matrix4x4 viewToWorld;
_scrWidth = width;
_scrHeight = height;
double factor = (double(height)/2)/tan(fov*M_PI/360.0);
initPixelBuffer();
viewToWorld = initInvViewMatrix(eye, view, up);
// Construct a ray for each pixel.
for (int i = 0; i < _scrHeight; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < _scrWidth; j++) {
// Sets up ray origin and direction in view space,
// image plane is at z = -1.
Point3D origin(0, 0, 0);
Point3D imagePlane;
imagePlane[0] = (-double(width)/2 + 0.5 + j)/factor;
imagePlane[1] = (-double(height)/2 + 0.5 + i)/factor;
imagePlane[2] = -1;
// TODO: Convert ray to world space and call
// shadeRay(ray) to generate pixel colour.
/////////////////////// OUR CODE ///////////////////////////////
Vector3D d = Vector3D(imagePlane[0], imagePlane[1], imagePlane[2]);
d = viewToWorld*d;
origin = viewToWorld*origin;
Ray3D ray = Ray3D( origin , d );
if (mode == 'd'){
(*(ray.intersection.mat)).specular = Colour(0,0,0);
}
Colour col;
col = shadeRay(ray, mode);
/////////////////////// OUR CODE ///////////////////////////////
_rbuffer[i*width+j] = int(col[0]*255);
_gbuffer[i*width+j] = int(col[1]*255);
_bbuffer[i*width+j] = int(col[2]*255);
}
}
flushPixelBuffer(fileName);
}
Colour Raytracer::shadeRay( Ray3D& ray ) {
Colour col(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
traverseScene(_root, ray);
// Don't bother shading if the ray didn't hit
// anything.
if (!ray.intersection.none) {
computeShading(ray);
// You'll want to call shadeRay recursively (with a different ray,
// of course) here to implement reflection/refraction effects.
float dampFactor = 0.0;
// Calculate reflection ray
Vector3D N = ray.intersection.normal;
Vector3D D = ray.dir;
Vector3D reflectionDir = -2*(D.dot(N))*N + D;
reflectionDir.normalize();
Point3D reflectionOrigin = ray.intersection.point + 0.01*reflectionDir;
Ray3D reflectionRay = Ray3D(reflectionOrigin, reflectionDir);
// calculate shade of reflected ray
shadeRay(reflectionRay);
// limit effective distance of reflections
if (reflectionRay.intersection.t_value > 10.0 || reflectionRay.intersection.t_value <= 0.0) {
col = ray.col;
}
else {
dampFactor = fabs(1.0/reflectionRay.intersection.t_value);
// contraint dampFactor to 0-0.9
dampFactor = fmax(0, fmin(dampFactor,0.9));
// Set colour to include reflection
col = ray.col + dampFactor*reflectionRay.col;
}
col.clamp();
}
return col;
}
Point3D RayPointLight::transparency(RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,RayShape* shape,Point3D cLimit){
Point3D temp = location - iInfo.iCoordinate;
double dist = sqrt(temp.dot(temp));
double atten = 0;
atten = (constAtten + (linearAtten*dist) + (quadAtten*pow(dist,2.0)));
Ray3D testRay = Ray3D();
testRay.direction = temp.unit();
testRay.position = iInfo.iCoordinate + testRay.direction;
Point3D out = Point3D(1,1,1);
if(shape->intersect(testRay, iInfo, dist) != -1){
Point3D trans = iInfo.material->transparent;
out = out * trans;
out = out * transparency(iInfo, shape, cLimit / trans);
}
//1 = inShadow, 0 = no shadow
return out;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bool UnitSquare::intersect( Ray3D& ray, const Matrix4x4& worldToModel, const Matrix4x4& modelToWorld )
{
// Implement intersection code for UnitSquare, which is
// defined on the xy-plane, with vertices (0.5, 0.5, 0),
// (-0.5, 0.5, 0), (-0.5, -0.5, 0), (0.5, -0.5, 0), and normal
// (0, 0, 1).
//
// Your goal here is to fill ray.intersection with correct values
// should an intersection occur. This includes intersection.point,
// intersection.normal, intersection.none, intersection.t_value.
//
// HINT: Remember to first transform the ray into object space
// to simplify the intersection test.
// The original point is at 0,0,0 at its own model coordinates
// Get ray direction in model coordinates
Ray3D ObjectRay = Ray3D(worldToModel*ray.origin, worldToModel * ray.dir);
Point3D origin(0,0,0);
// always assume unitsquare is on x,y plane
Vector3D squareNormal(0,0,1);
double t_value;
Point3D intersectionPoint;
// If the ray is not moving towards the square, it means there is no intersection since
// the square lies on the x and y axis, ray must move at some value on the z direction
if (ObjectRay.dir[2] != 0)
{
t_value = -ObjectRay.origin[2]/ObjectRay.dir[2];
// Check for no self intersection
if ((t_value )< 0.001)
{
return false;
}
}
//the ray and the square are on the same plane
else if (ObjectRay.dir[2] == 0 && ObjectRay.origin[2] == 0)
{
double temp1 = (-1.5 - ObjectRay.origin[0])/ObjectRay.dir[0];
double temp2 = (1.5 - ObjectRay.origin[0])/ObjectRay.dir[0];
double temp3 = (-1.5 - ObjectRay.origin[1])/ObjectRay.dir[1];
double temp4 = (1.5 - ObjectRay.origin[1])/ObjectRay.dir[1];
t_value = temp1;
if (temp2 < t_value )
{
t_value = temp2;
}
if (temp3 < t_value )
{
t_value =temp3;
}
if (temp4< t_value )
{
t_value = temp4;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
// Compute t_value from z intersection at z = 0
// If the ray already has an intersection at an earlier t_value, return but don't update
// ray.intersection fields
if(ray.intersection.none == false)
{
if(t_value > ray.intersection.t_value)
{
return false;
}
}
// Compute coordinates
Vector3D intersection(ObjectRay.origin[0] + ObjectRay.dir[0] * t_value, ObjectRay.origin[1] + ObjectRay.dir[1] * t_value, 0);
double x = ObjectRay.origin[0] + ObjectRay.dir[0] * t_value;
double y = ObjectRay.origin[1] + ObjectRay.dir[1] * t_value;
// Test x
if(x >= -0.5 && x <= 0.5) {
// Text y
if(y >= -0.5 && y <= 0.5) {
// We have an intersection
ray.intersection.t_value = t_value;
ray.intersection.point = modelToWorld * Point3D(x, y, 0);
ray.intersection.normal = Vector3D(0, 0, 1);
// For Image Mapping
ray.intersection.CenterPoint = modelToWorld * Point3D(0,0,0); // every model thinks it is in the center
ray.intersection.normal = transNorm(worldToModel, ray.intersection.normal);
ray.intersection.normal.normalize();
ray.intersection.none = false; // false means there is an intersection
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
bool UnitSphere::intersect( Ray3D& ray, const Matrix4x4& worldToModel, const Matrix4x4& modelToWorld )
{
// TODO: implement intersection code for UnitSphere, which is centred
// on the origin.
//
// Your goal here is to fill ray.intersection with correct values
// should an intersection occur. This includes intersection.point,
// intersection.normal, intersection.none, intersection.t_value.
//
// HINT: Remember to first transform the ray into object space
// to simplify the intersection test.
Ray3D ObjectRay = Ray3D(worldToModel * ray.origin, worldToModel * ray.dir);
double a = pow(ObjectRay.dir[0], 2) + pow(ObjectRay.dir[1], 2) + pow(ObjectRay.dir[2], 2);
double b = 2 * (ObjectRay.origin[0] * ObjectRay.dir[0] +
ObjectRay.origin[1] * ObjectRay.dir[1] +
ObjectRay.origin[2] * ObjectRay.dir[2]);
double c = pow(ObjectRay.origin[0], 2) +
pow(ObjectRay.origin[1], 2) +
pow(ObjectRay.origin[2], 2) -1;
double discriminant = pow(b, 2) - 4 * a * c;
// No intersection since no real roots
if(discriminant < 0)
{
return false;
}
else
{
double t_1 = (-1 * b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
double t_2 = (-1 * b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
double t_value = 0;
if ( t_2 < 0 && t_1 < 0)
return false;
else if ( t_1 < 0 )
t_value = t_2;
else if ( t_2 < 0 )
t_value = t_1;
else
t_value = fmin(t_1, t_2);
// If the ray already has an intersection at an earlier t_value, return but don't update
// ray.intersection fields
if(ray.intersection.none == false)
{
if(t_value > ray.intersection.t_value)
{
return true;
}
}
double x = ObjectRay.origin[0] + ObjectRay.dir[0]*t_value;
double y = ObjectRay.origin[1] + ObjectRay.dir[1]*t_value;
double z = ObjectRay.origin[2] + ObjectRay.dir[2]*t_value;
Vector3D intersection = Vector3D(x, y, z);
ray.intersection.t_value = t_value;
ray.intersection.point = modelToWorld * Point3D(x, y, z);
ray.intersection.normal = transNorm(worldToModel, intersection);
ray.intersection.normal.normalize();
// FOR TEXTURE MAPPING!
ray.intersection.CenterPoint = modelToWorld * Point3D(0,0,0); // every model thinks it is in the center
ray.intersection.none = false;
return true;
}
}
Ray3D RayScene::GetRay(RayCamera* camera,int i,int j,int width,int height){
return Ray3D();
}
int step_trace_ray::execute
( const pair & frame_fragment, ray_tracer & rt ) const {
int current_frame = frame_fragment.first;
int current_fragment = frame_fragment.second;
// Consume
std::vector<Primitive*> scene;
std::vector<Primitive*> static_scene = rt.static_scene;
std::vector<Luminaire*> luminaires = rt.luminaires;
std::vector<Primitive*> dynamic_scene;
rt.dynamic_scene.get(current_frame, dynamic_scene);
scene.insert(scene.end(), static_scene.begin(), static_scene.end());
scene.insert(scene.end(), dynamic_scene.begin(), dynamic_scene.end());
std::vector<Point2D*> points;
rt.pixel_locations.get(pair(current_frame, current_fragment), points);
// Execute
double duration;
std::clock_t start = std::clock();
std::vector<Pixel*> pixels;
double invWidth = 1/((double)rt.image_width);
double invHeight = 1/((double)rt.image_height);
int smaller = std::min(rt.image_width, rt.image_height);
double fov = 30;
double aspectratio = rt.image_width/((double)rt.image_height);
double angle = tan(3.141592653589793 * 0.5 * fov / 180.0);
for(int ij = 0; ij < points.size(); ij++) {
double x = (double)points[ij]->i;
double y = (double)points[ij]->j;
double nSamp1D = sqrt(rt.number_pixel_samples);
double duvSamp = 1.0/nSamp1D;
Multispectral3D superSample = Multispectral3D();
for(int i = 0; i < nSamp1D; ++i) {
for(int j = 0; j < nSamp1D; ++j) {
double u = x + (i + 0.5 * duvSamp)/smaller;
double v = y + (j + 0.5 * duvSamp)/smaller;
double xx = (2 * (u * invWidth) - 1) * angle * aspectratio;
double yy = (1 - 2 * (v * invHeight)) * angle;
Vector3D raydir = Vector3D(xx, yy, -1).normalize();
Ray3D ray = Ray3D(Point3D(), raydir, NULL, 0);
superSample = superSample + trace(ray, scene, luminaires);
}
}
Multispectral3D rgb = superSample / rt.number_pixel_samples;
pixels.push_back(new Pixel(points[ij]->i,points[ij]->j,rgb.r,rgb.g,rgb.b));
}
duration = ( std::clock() - start ) / (double) CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
// Produce
rt.pixels.put(pair(current_frame, current_fragment), pixels);
rt.execution_time.put(pair(current_frame, current_fragment), duration);
return CnC::CNC_Success;
};
//Comparison speed: 10.96
//Bounding Boxes: 5.89
//Ordering: 4.99
double RayGroup::intersect(Ray3D ray,RayIntersectionInfo& iInfo,double mx){
//printf("This runs\n");
bool ignoreMX = false;
if (mx == -1) ignoreMX = true;
Ray3D rayCopy = Ray3D();
rayCopy.position = ray.position;
rayCopy.direction = ray.direction;
double min_t = -1;
RayShape* min_shape = NULL;
RayIntersectionInfo tempInfo = RayIntersectionInfo();
double boxOut = bBox.intersect(ray);
if (boxOut < mx || ignoreMX){
if(boxOut > -1){
Matrix4D matrix = getMatrix();
ray.position = getInverseMatrix().multPosition(ray.position);
ray.direction = getInverseMatrix().multDirection(ray.direction);
double scaler = ray.direction.length();
ray.direction = ray.direction.unit();
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sNum; i++)
{
RayShape* temp = shapes[i];
double dist = temp->bBox.intersect(ray);
if(dist < mx || ignoreMX)
{
if (dist > -1)
{
//Means we have a hit of the inner volume
hits[count].shape = temp;
hits[count].t = dist;
count++;
}
}
}
qsort(hits,count,sizeof(RayShapeHit),RayShapeHit::Compare);
//if (bBox.intersect(ray) > -1){
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
//printf("something got hit!\n");
//printf("i = %i\n",i);
RayShape* temp = hits[i].shape;
double t = -1;
t = temp->intersect(ray, tempInfo, mx);
if (t > 0)
{
t = t / scaler;
if (min_t == -1 || t < min_t)
{
min_t = t;
min_shape = temp;
iInfo.iCoordinate = tempInfo.iCoordinate;
iInfo.normal = tempInfo.normal;
iInfo.material = tempInfo.material;
break;
}
}
//Checks if its a Static Ray Group with its own transform information
/*StaticRayGroup* temp2 = dynamic_cast<StaticRayGroup*>(temp);
if(temp2 != 0)
{
t = temp->intersect(rayCopy, tempInfo, mx);
if (t > 0)
{
if (min_t == -1 || t < min_t)
{
iInfo.iCoordinate = tempInfo.iCoordinate;
iInfo.normal = tempInfo.normal;
iInfo.material = tempInfo.material;
min_t = t;
min_shape = temp;
}
}
}
else
{
ray.position = getInverseMatrix().multPosition(rayCopy.position);
ray.direction = getInverseMatrix().multDirection(rayCopy.direction).unit();
t = temp->intersect(ray, tempInfo, mx);
if (t > 0)
{
if (min_t == -1 || t < min_t)
{
iInfo.iCoordinate = matrix.multPosition(tempInfo.iCoordinate);
iInfo.normal = getNormalMatrix().multNormal(tempInfo.normal);
iInfo.material = tempInfo.material;
min_t = t;
min_shape = temp;
}
}
}*/
}
iInfo.iCoordinate = matrix.multPosition(iInfo.iCoordinate);
iInfo.normal = getNormalMatrix().multDirection(iInfo.normal).unit();
//iInfo.material = iInfo.material;
}
}
return min_t;
}
Colour Raytracer::shadeRay( Ray3D& ray, char renderStyle ) {
Colour col(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
traverseScene(_root, ray);
// Don't bother shading if the ray didn't hit
// anything.
if (!ray.intersection.none) {
//computeShading(ray);
if (renderStyle != 's') {
computeShading(ray, renderStyle);
col = ray.col;
#ifdef USE_REFLECTIONS
if ((ray.intersection.mat->reflectivity >= 0.01) && (ray.reflections < MAX_REFLECTIONS) && (renderStyle != 'd')) {
// emit another ray
Vector3D n = ray.intersection.normal;
n.normalize();
Vector3D d = ray.dir;
d.normalize();
double dot = n.dot(d);
Vector3D newdir = d - (2 * dot * n);
Ray3D newRay = Ray3D(ray.intersection.point + 0.01*newdir,
newdir, ray.reflections+1, ray.refractions, ray.cLight);
Colour secondaryColour = shadeRay(newRay, renderStyle);
double ref = ray.intersection.mat->reflectivity;
col = (1-ref)*ray.col + ref*secondaryColour;
} else {
col = ray.col;
}
#else
col = ray.col;
#endif
// Check for refractions
// Don't check for refractions of reflected rays
#ifdef USE_REFRACTIONS
if((ray.intersection.mat->transitivity >= 0.1) && (ray.refractions < MAX_REFRACTIONS) && (renderStyle != 'd')) {
double c1 = ray.cLight;
double c2 = ray.intersection.mat->cLight;
if (ray.cLight < 0.99) { //Ray leaves object to air/vacuum
c2= 1;
}
Vector3D n = ray.intersection.normal;
n.normalize();
Vector3D d = ray.dir;
d.normalize();
double dot = n.dot(d);
Vector3D reflDir = d - (2 * dot * n);
reflDir.normalize();
//Now determine refraction direction
//Depends on reflDir, c1, c2, n, as specified in the relation below
double theta1 = acos( n.dot(-d) );
if(dot > 0 ) { //Ray is leaving object
theta1 = acos( n.dot(d) );
}
double theta2 = asin(c2*sin(theta1)/c1);
//Check for critical angle
// Compute refraction direction
Vector3D refractDir = (c2/c1)*ray.dir + ( (c2/c1)*cos(theta1) - cos(theta2))*n;
if(dot > 0 ) { //Ray is leaving object =====================changed sign
refractDir = (c2/c1)*ray.dir - ( (c2/c1)*cos(theta1) - cos(theta2))*n;
}
refractDir.normalize();
Ray3D refractRay = Ray3D(ray.intersection.point + 0.0001*refractDir, refractDir,ray.reflections, ray.refractions+1, c2 );
Colour colRefract = shadeRay(refractRay, renderStyle);
double matTran = ray.intersection.mat->transitivity;
if(!refractRay.intersection.none) { //Refracted ray does not go off into space
col = (1-matTran)*col + matTran*colRefract;
}
}//end of refractions
#endif
}//End of check if(renderStyle != 's')
else { //renderStyle == 's'
col = (*(ray.intersection.mat)).diffuse;
}
}//End of check if (!ray.intersection.none)
return col;
}// End of shadeRay
// Basically, this is an intersection with 3 different connected surfaces
// The top disk, the bottom disk and the cylinder body.
// Test the intersection of all 3 bodies and figure out which has the lowest t value
bool UnitCylinder::intersect( Ray3D& ray, const Matrix4x4& worldToModel, const Matrix4x4& modelToWorld )
{
// Get the ray in the object coordinates
Ray3D ObjectRay = Ray3D(worldToModel * ray.origin, worldToModel * ray.dir);
// A reference to the origin point in object/model coordinates
Point3D centerOfCylinder(0,0,0); // Center of cylinder
// T Values
// One to check for intersection with disks, one to check for intersection with sides
double t_value; double t_valueTwo;
double tempOne, tempTwo;
double radius = 1.0; // the radius of the disk of the cylinder
Vector3D normal; // The normal of the cylinder Disk as well as wall of cylinder
// Gets reused
Point3D intersectionPoint; // intersection point with the cylinder
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checking Intersection with Cylinder Disks
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Note: Will only intersect the disks of the cylinder
// if the direction value for z is not 0
// Getting the tValue for the closer base
if (ObjectRay.dir[2] != 0)
{
// Tvalue to intersect bottom disk of cylinder (negative z axis)
tempOne = (-0.5-ObjectRay.origin[2])/ObjectRay.dir[2];
// Tvalue to intersect top disk of cylinder (positive z axis)
tempTwo = (0.5-ObjectRay.origin[2])/ObjectRay.dir[2];
// Update the normal depending on which disk is closer
if (tempOne < tempTwo)
{
t_value = tempOne;
// Construct the normal for the closer disk, which points on the negative z axis
Point3D normal_temp(0,0,-1);
normal = normal_temp - centerOfCylinder;
normal.normalize();
}
else
{
t_value = tempTwo;
Point3D normal_temp(0,0,1);
normal = normal_temp - centerOfCylinder;
normal.normalize();
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Calculate the intersection point for the disk
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
intersectionPoint = ObjectRay.origin + t_value * ObjectRay.dir;
// Prevent self intersection
if (t_value < 0.001)
{
return false;
}
// Base or top of cylinder
// need make sure within the radius of the disk
if (intersectionPoint[0]*intersectionPoint[0] + intersectionPoint[1] * intersectionPoint[1] <= (radius*radius))
{
// If it intersection before and it's tvalue is lower then this,
// means there is no intersection, return false.
if (!ray.intersection.none && (t_value > ray.intersection.t_value))
{
return false;
}
// Else, there is intersection, update and return true
ray.intersection.point = intersectionPoint;
ray.intersection.normal = normal;
ray.intersection.t_value = t_value;
ray.intersection.none = false;
// Every model thinks it is in the center
ray.intersection.CenterPoint = modelToWorld * Point3D(0,0,0);
return true;
}
// No intersection with cylinder disk
// Check for intersection with cylinder body
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checking Intersection with Cylinder Body
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Source: http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cyy/courses/rendering/pbrt-2.00/html/cylinder_8cpp_source.html
// Compute Quadratic Cylinder Coefficients
double a = ObjectRay.dir[0]*ObjectRay.dir[0] + ObjectRay.dir[1]*ObjectRay.dir[1];
double b = (ObjectRay.origin[0]*ObjectRay.dir[0] + ObjectRay.origin[1]* ObjectRay.dir[1]);
double c = ObjectRay.origin[0]*ObjectRay.origin[0] + ObjectRay.origin[1]*ObjectRay.origin[1] - radius*radius;
double discriminant = b*b-a*c;
// If ray is aligned with body of the cylinder, there is no intersection
if (a == 0.0)
{
// return false
}
//If discrimant is < 0 => No real roots to the cylinder quadratic equation.
if (discriminant<0)
{
// It means no intersection
return false;
}
else
{
double rootOne = -b/a + sqrt(discriminant) / a;
double rootTwo = -b/a - sqrt(discriminant) / a;
if (rootOne< 0 && rootTwo < 0)
{
return false;
}
else if (rootOne> 0 && rootTwo < 0)
{
t_valueTwo = rootOne;
}
else
{
t_valueTwo = rootTwo;
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Calculate the intersection point for the walls of the cylinder
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// There is no intersection with the base of the cylinder on x,y plane
// Check if there is intersection with sides.
// Get the intersection point for the sides
intersectionPoint = ObjectRay.origin+ t_valueTwo * ObjectRay.dir;
// Check for no self intersection
if (t_valueTwo < 0.001)
{
return false;
}
// Get the coordinate of the normals for the sides of the cylinder
normal[0] = intersectionPoint[0];
normal[1] = intersectionPoint[1];
normal[2] = 0;
normal.normalize();
// If the intersection point is within the height of the cylinder
if (intersectionPoint[2] < 0.5 && intersectionPoint[2] > -0.5)
{
// Ensure no previous intersection with lower t value
if (!ray.intersection.none && t_value > ray.intersection.t_value)
{
return false;
}
// Update the intersection to the ray
ray.intersection.point = modelToWorld * intersectionPoint;
Point3D normalTemp;
normalTemp[0] = intersectionPoint[0];
normalTemp[1] = intersectionPoint[1];
normalTemp[2] = 0;
ray.intersection.normal = modelToWorld * (normalTemp - centerOfCylinder);
ray.intersection.t_value = t_valueTwo;
ray.intersection.none = false;
// Every model thinks it is in the center
ray.intersection.CenterPoint = modelToWorld * Point3D(0,0,0);
return true;
}
// If the intersection is not within the height of the cylinder,
// It means there wasn't really a cylinder intersection to begin with
else
{
return false;
}
}
// Assume disk is flat on the x,y plane with radius 1
bool UnitDisk::intersect( Ray3D& ray, const Matrix4x4& worldToModel, const Matrix4x4& modelToWorld )
{
// Get the ray in the object coordinates
Ray3D ObjectRay = Ray3D(worldToModel * ray.origin, worldToModel * ray.dir);
// A reference to the origin point in object/model coordinates
Point3D centerofDisk(0,0,0); // Center of cylinder
// T Values
// One to check for intersection with disks, one to check for intersection with sides
double t_value; double t_valueTwo;
double tempOne, tempTwo;
double radius = 1.0; // the radius of the disk of the cylinder
Vector3D normal; // The normal of the cylinder Disk as well as wall of cylinder
// Gets reused
Point3D intersectionPoint; // intersection point with the cylinder
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Checking Intersection with Cylinder Disks
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Note: Will only intersect the disks of the cylinder
// if the direction value for z is not 0
// Getting the tValue for the closer base
if (ObjectRay.dir[2] != 0)
{
// To know if intersect from top or bottom of disk, and set normal accordingly
tempOne = (-0.0000001-ObjectRay.origin[2])/ObjectRay.dir[2];
// Tvalue
tempTwo = (0.00000001-ObjectRay.origin[2])/ObjectRay.dir[2];
// Update the normal depending on which disk is closer
if (tempOne < tempTwo)
{
t_value = tempOne;
// Construct the normal for the closer disk, which points on the negative z axis
Point3D normal_temp(0,0,-1);
normal = normal_temp - centerofDisk;
normal.normalize();
}
else
{
t_value = tempTwo;
Point3D normal_temp(0,0,1);
normal = normal_temp - centerofDisk;
normal.normalize();
}
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Calculate the intersection point for the disk
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
intersectionPoint = ObjectRay.origin + t_value * ObjectRay.dir;
// Prevent self intersection
if (t_value < 0.001)
{
return false;
}
// Base or top of cylinder
// need make sure within the radius of the disk
if (intersectionPoint[0]*intersectionPoint[0] + intersectionPoint[1] * intersectionPoint[1] <= (radius*radius))
{
// If it intersection before and it's tvalue is lower then this,
// means there is no intersection, return false.
if (!ray.intersection.none && (t_value > ray.intersection.t_value))
{
return false;
}
// Else, there is intersection, update and return true
ray.intersection.point = intersectionPoint;
ray.intersection.normal = normal;
ray.intersection.t_value = t_value;
ray.intersection.none = false;
// Every model thinks it is in the center
ray.intersection.CenterPoint = modelToWorld * Point3D(0,0,0);
return true;
}
return false; // no intersection with disk
}
Point3D RayScene::GetColor(Ray3D ray,int rDepth,Point3D cLimit)
{
Point3D color;
RayIntersectionInfo info;
Ray3D reflection;
Ray3D refraction;
Ray3D reflectedRay;
Point3D reflect, reflColor, refractColor;
int shad;
int numCrossed = 0;
double dist;
dist = group -> intersect(ray, info, -1);
if (dist == -1)
return background;
color = ambient*info.material -> ambient + info.material -> emissive;
if (ray.direction.dot(info.normal) < 0)
{
for (int j = 0; j < this->lightNum; j++)
{
shad = this->lights[j]->isInShadow(info, this->group, numCrossed);
Point3D ts = lights[j]->transparency(info, group, cLimit);
color += this->lights[j]->getDiffuse(ray.position, info) * ts;
color += this->lights[j]->getSpecular(ray.position, info) * ts;
}
reflect = Reflect(ray.direction, info.normal);
// Reflected ray
reflectedRay = Ray3D(info.iCoordinate, reflect);
reflectedRay.position = reflectedRay(0.0001);
if (rDepth > 0 && (info.material->specular[0] > cLimit[0]) && (info.material->specular[1] > cLimit[1]) && (info.material->specular[2] > cLimit[2]))
{
reflColor = GetColor(reflectedRay, rDepth - 1, (cLimit / info.material->specular));
if (reflColor.p[0] == background.p[0] && reflColor.p[1] == background.p[1] && reflColor.p[2] == background.p[2])
reflColor = Point3D();
// reflected color added
reflColor *= info.material -> specular;
color += reflColor;
}
}
// refraction
if (this -> Refract(ray.direction, info.normal, info.material->refind, refraction.direction))
{
refraction.position = info.iCoordinate;
refraction.position = refraction(0.0001);
refractColor = this -> GetColor(refraction, rDepth - 1, cLimit);
if (refractColor.p[0] == background.p[0] && refractColor.p[1] == background.p[1] && refractColor.p[2] == background.p[2])
refractColor = Point3D();
refractColor *= info.material -> transparent;
color += refractColor;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if (color.p[i] > 1)
color.p[i] = 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if (color.p[i] < 0)
color.p[i] = 0;
}
return color;
}
void Raytracer::render( int width, int height, Point3D eye, Vector3D view,
Vector3D up, double fov, int AA_level, char* fileName, char renderStyle ) {
Matrix4x4 viewToWorld;
_scrWidth = width;
_scrHeight = height;
double factor = (double(_scrHeight)/2)/tan(fov*M_PI/360.0);
initPixelBuffer();
viewToWorld = initInvViewMatrix(eye, view, up);
/**
* Extension: Anti-aliasing level via supersampling method
* Algorithm:
* Generate an image of dimensions equal to a multiple of the original
* dimensions (as specified by the AA level)
* Then sample individual pixels and average them to compose a pixel
* on the actual screen
*/
_aaLevel = AA_level;
initSuperPixelBuffer();
/// A little print for the user
fprintf(stderr, "Rendering %dx%d scene, AA-level %d\n", _scrWidth,
_scrHeight, _aaLevel);
int superi, superj;
double offi, offj;
// Construct a ray for each pixel.
for (int i = 0; i < _scrHeight; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < _scrWidth; j++) {
// Prepare to supersample for anti aliasing
for (int m = 0; m < _aaLevel; m++) {
for (int n = 0; n < _aaLevel; n++) {
// Sets up ray origin and direction in view space,
// image plane is at z = -1.
Point3D origin(0, 0, 0);
Point3D imagePlane;
offj = double(1)/(0.5 * _aaLevel) + double(n)/_aaLevel;
offi = double(1)/(0.5 * _aaLevel) + double(m)/_aaLevel;
imagePlane[0] = (-double((_scrWidth))/2 + offj + j)/factor;
imagePlane[1] = (-double((_scrHeight))/2 + offi + i)/factor;
imagePlane[2] = -1;
// Create the transformed ray and shoot it out (shadeRay)
Vector3D pixelVector = Vector3D(imagePlane[0], imagePlane[1],
imagePlane[2]);
Vector3D transformedPixelVector = viewToWorld * pixelVector;
Point3D transformedOrigin = viewToWorld * origin;
Ray3D ray = Ray3D(transformedOrigin, transformedPixelVector);
//Check for scene render style
Colour col = shadeRay(ray, renderStyle);
superi = i*_aaLevel + m;
superj = j*_aaLevel + n;
_superrbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj] = int(col[0]*255);
_supergbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj] = int(col[1]*255);
_superbbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj] = int(col[2]*255);
}
}//End supersampling loop
}
}//finsihed pixel loop
// Now average out the pixels from the super buffer (supersampling)
factor = double(1)/(_aaLevel * _aaLevel);
unsigned long rtemp;
unsigned long gtemp;
unsigned long btemp;
for (int i = 0; i < _scrHeight; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < _scrWidth; j++) {
rtemp = 0;
gtemp = 0;
btemp = 0;
for (int m = 0; m < _aaLevel; m++) {
superi = i*_aaLevel + m;
for (int n = 0; n < _aaLevel; n++) {
superj = j*_aaLevel + n;
rtemp += _superrbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj];
gtemp += _supergbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj];
btemp += _superbbuffer[superi*(_aaLevel*_scrWidth)+superj];
}
}
_rbuffer[i*_scrWidth+j] = factor * rtemp;
_gbuffer[i*_scrWidth+j] = factor * gtemp;
_bbuffer[i*_scrWidth+j] = factor * btemp;
}
}
flushPixelBuffer(fileName);
}
Ray3D Ray3D::fromTo(const glm::vec3 & from, const glm::vec3 & to)
{
return Ray3D(from, to - from);
}