static UA_StatusCode
instantiateObjectNode(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session,
                      const UA_NodeId *nodeId, const UA_NodeId *typeId, 
                      UA_InstantiationCallback *instantiationCallback) {   
    const UA_ObjectTypeNode *typenode = (const UA_ObjectTypeNode*)UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, typeId);
    if(!typenode)
      return UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODEIDINVALID;
    if(typenode->nodeClass != UA_NODECLASS_OBJECTTYPE)
      return UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODECLASSINVALID;
    
    /* Add all the child nodes */
    UA_BrowseDescription browseChildren;
    UA_BrowseDescription_init(&browseChildren);
    browseChildren.nodeId = *typeId;
    browseChildren.referenceTypeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_AGGREGATES);
    browseChildren.includeSubtypes = UA_TRUE;
    browseChildren.browseDirection = UA_BROWSEDIRECTION_FORWARD;
    browseChildren.nodeClassMask = UA_NODECLASS_OBJECT | UA_NODECLASS_VARIABLE | UA_NODECLASS_METHOD;
    browseChildren.resultMask = UA_BROWSERESULTMASK_REFERENCETYPEID | UA_BROWSERESULTMASK_NODECLASS;

    UA_BrowseResult browseResult;
    UA_BrowseResult_init(&browseResult);
    // todo: continuation points if there are too many results
    Service_Browse_single(server, session, NULL, &browseChildren, 100, &browseResult);

    for(size_t i = 0; i < browseResult.referencesSize; i++) {
        UA_ReferenceDescription *rd = &browseResult.references[i];
        if(rd->nodeClass == UA_NODECLASS_METHOD) {
            /* add a reference to the method in the objecttype */
            UA_AddReferencesItem item;
            UA_AddReferencesItem_init(&item);
            item.sourceNodeId = *nodeId;
            item.referenceTypeId = rd->referenceTypeId;
            item.isForward = UA_TRUE;
            item.targetNodeId = rd->nodeId;
            item.targetNodeClass = UA_NODECLASS_METHOD;
            Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &item);
        } else if(rd->nodeClass == UA_NODECLASS_VARIABLE)
          copyExistingVariable(server, session, &rd->nodeId.nodeId, &rd->referenceTypeId, nodeId, instantiationCallback);
        else if(rd->nodeClass == UA_NODECLASS_OBJECT)
          copyExistingObject(server, session, &rd->nodeId.nodeId, &rd->referenceTypeId, nodeId, instantiationCallback);
    }

    /* add a hastypedefinition reference */
    UA_AddReferencesItem addref;
    UA_AddReferencesItem_init(&addref);
    addref.sourceNodeId = *nodeId;
    addref.referenceTypeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_HASTYPEDEFINITION);
    addref.isForward = UA_TRUE;
    addref.targetNodeId.nodeId = *typeId;
    addref.targetNodeClass = UA_NODECLASS_OBJECTTYPE;
    Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &addref);

    /* call the constructor */
    const UA_ObjectLifecycleManagement *olm = &typenode->lifecycleManagement;
    if(olm->constructor)
        UA_Server_editNode(server, session, nodeId,
                           (UA_EditNodeCallback)setObjectInstanceHandle, olm->constructor(*nodeId));
    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}
void
UA_Server_addExistingNode(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, UA_Node *node,
                          const UA_NodeId *parentNodeId, const UA_NodeId *referenceTypeId,
                          UA_AddNodesResult *result) {
    if(node->nodeId.namespaceIndex >= server->namespacesSize) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODEIDINVALID;
        UA_NodeStore_deleteNode(node);
        return;
    }

    const UA_Node *parent = UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, parentNodeId);
    if(!parent) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADPARENTNODEIDINVALID;
        UA_NodeStore_deleteNode(node);
        return;
    }

    const UA_ReferenceTypeNode *referenceType =
        (const UA_ReferenceTypeNode *)UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, referenceTypeId);
    if(!referenceType) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCETYPEIDINVALID;
        UA_NodeStore_deleteNode(node);
        return;
    }

    if(referenceType->nodeClass != UA_NODECLASS_REFERENCETYPE) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCETYPEIDINVALID;
        UA_NodeStore_deleteNode(node);
        return;
    }

    if(referenceType->isAbstract == UA_TRUE) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCENOTALLOWED;
        UA_NodeStore_deleteNode(node);
        return;
    }

    // todo: test if the referencetype is hierarchical
    // todo: namespace index is assumed to be valid
    result->statusCode = UA_NodeStore_insert(server->nodestore, node);
    if(result->statusCode == UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD)
        result->statusCode = UA_NodeId_copy(&node->nodeId, &result->addedNodeId);
    else
        return;
    
    // reference back to the parent
    UA_AddReferencesItem item;
    UA_AddReferencesItem_init(&item);
    item.sourceNodeId = node->nodeId;
    item.referenceTypeId = *referenceTypeId;
    item.isForward = UA_FALSE;
    item.targetNodeId.nodeId = *parentNodeId;
    Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &item);
    // todo: error handling. remove new node from nodestore
}
void Service_AddReferences(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_AddReferencesRequest *request,
                           UA_AddReferencesResponse *response) {
	if(request->referencesToAddSize <= 0) {
		response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNOTHINGTODO;
		return;
	}
    size_t size = request->referencesToAddSize;
	
    if(!(response->results = UA_malloc(sizeof(UA_StatusCode) * size))) {
		response->responseHeader.serviceResult = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
		return;
	}
	response->resultsSize = size;

#ifdef UA_EXTERNAL_NAMESPACES
#ifdef NO_ALLOCA
    UA_Boolean isExternal[size];
    UA_UInt32 indices[size];
#else
    UA_Boolean *isExternal = UA_alloca(sizeof(UA_Boolean) * size);
    UA_UInt32 *indices = UA_alloca(sizeof(UA_UInt32) * size);
#endif /*NO_ALLOCA */
    memset(isExternal, UA_FALSE, sizeof(UA_Boolean) * size);
	for(size_t j = 0; j < server->externalNamespacesSize; j++) {
		size_t indicesSize = 0;
		for(size_t i = 0;i < size;i++) {
			if(request->referencesToAdd[i].sourceNodeId.namespaceIndex
               != server->externalNamespaces[j].index)
				continue;
			isExternal[i] = UA_TRUE;
			indices[indicesSize] = i;
			indicesSize++;
		}
		if (indicesSize == 0)
			continue;
		UA_ExternalNodeStore *ens = &server->externalNamespaces[j].externalNodeStore;
		ens->addReferences(ens->ensHandle, &request->requestHeader, request->referencesToAdd,
                           indices, indicesSize, response->results, response->diagnosticInfos);
	}
#endif

	response->resultsSize = size;
	for(size_t i = 0; i < response->resultsSize; i++) {
#ifdef UA_EXTERNAL_NAMESPACES
		if(!isExternal[i])
#endif
            Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &request->referencesToAdd[i]);
	}
}
static UA_StatusCode
instantiateVariableNode(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, const UA_NodeId *nodeId,
                        const UA_NodeId *typeId) {
    const UA_ObjectTypeNode *type = (const UA_ObjectTypeNode*)UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, typeId);
    if(!type)
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODEIDINVALID;
    if(type->nodeClass != UA_NODECLASS_VARIABLETYPE)
        return UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODECLASSINVALID;

    /* get the references to child properties */
    UA_BrowseDescription browseChildren;
    UA_BrowseDescription_init(&browseChildren);
    browseChildren.nodeId = *typeId;
    browseChildren.referenceTypeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_HASPROPERTY);
    browseChildren.includeSubtypes = UA_TRUE;
    browseChildren.browseDirection = UA_BROWSEDIRECTION_FORWARD;
    browseChildren.nodeClassMask = UA_NODECLASS_VARIABLE;
    browseChildren.resultMask = UA_BROWSERESULTMASK_REFERENCETYPEID | UA_BROWSERESULTMASK_NODECLASS;

    UA_BrowseResult browseResult;
    UA_BrowseResult_init(&browseResult);
    // todo: continuation points if there are too many results
    Service_Browse_single(server, session, NULL, &browseChildren, 100, &browseResult);

    /* add the child properties */
    for(size_t i = 0; i < browseResult.referencesSize; i++) {
        UA_ReferenceDescription *rd = &browseResult.references[i];
        copyExistingVariable(server, session, &rd->nodeId.nodeId, &rd->referenceTypeId, nodeId);
    }

    /* add a hastypedefinition reference */
    UA_AddReferencesItem addref;
    UA_AddReferencesItem_init(&addref);
    addref.sourceNodeId = *nodeId;
    addref.referenceTypeId = UA_NODEID_NUMERIC(0, UA_NS0ID_HASTYPEDEFINITION);
    addref.isForward = UA_TRUE;
    addref.targetNodeId.nodeId = *typeId;
    addref.targetNodeClass = UA_NODECLASS_OBJECTTYPE;
    Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &addref);

    return UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD;
}
void
UA_Server_addExistingNode(UA_Server *server, UA_Session *session, UA_Node *node,
                          const UA_NodeId *parentNodeId, const UA_NodeId *referenceTypeId,
                          UA_AddNodesResult *result) {
    if(node->nodeId.namespaceIndex >= server->namespacesSize) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODEIDINVALID;
        return;
    }

    const UA_Node *parent = UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, parentNodeId);
    if(!parent) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADPARENTNODEIDINVALID;
        return;
    }

    const UA_ReferenceTypeNode *referenceType =
        (const UA_ReferenceTypeNode *)UA_NodeStore_get(server->nodestore, referenceTypeId);
    if(!referenceType) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCETYPEIDINVALID;
        return;
    }

    if(referenceType->nodeClass != UA_NODECLASS_REFERENCETYPE) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCETYPEIDINVALID;
        return;
    }

    if(referenceType->isAbstract == UA_TRUE) {
        result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADREFERENCENOTALLOWED;
        return;
    }

    // todo: test if the referencetype is hierarchical
    // todo: namespace index is assumed to be valid
    UA_MT_CONST UA_Node *managed = NULL;
    UA_NodeId tempNodeid = node->nodeId;
    tempNodeid.namespaceIndex = 0;
    if(UA_NodeId_isNull(&tempNodeid)) {
        if(UA_NodeStore_insert(server->nodestore, node, &managed) != UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD) {
            result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
            return;
        }
        result->addedNodeId = managed->nodeId; // cannot fail as unique nodeids are numeric
    } else {
        if(UA_NodeId_copy(&node->nodeId, &result->addedNodeId) != UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD) {
            result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADOUTOFMEMORY;
            return;
        }

        if(UA_NodeStore_insert(server->nodestore, node, &managed) != UA_STATUSCODE_GOOD) {
            result->statusCode = UA_STATUSCODE_BADNODEIDEXISTS;
            UA_NodeId_deleteMembers(&result->addedNodeId);
            return;
        }
    }
    /* Careful. The node is inserted. If the nodestore makes an expand, nodes change their address */
    
    // reference back to the parent
    UA_AddReferencesItem item;
    UA_AddReferencesItem_init(&item);
    item.sourceNodeId = managed->nodeId;
    item.referenceTypeId = *referenceTypeId;
    item.isForward = UA_FALSE;
    item.targetNodeId.nodeId = *parentNodeId;
    Service_AddReferences_single(server, session, &item);
    // todo: error handling. remove new node from nodestore
}