Example #1
0
/*
 *	_hash_freeovflpage() -
 *
 *	Remove this overflow page from its bucket's chain, and mark the page as
 *	free.  On entry, ovflbuf is write-locked; it is released before exiting.
 *
 *	Add the tuples (itups) to wbuf in this function.  We could do that in the
 *	caller as well, but the advantage of doing it here is we can easily write
 *	the WAL for XLOG_HASH_SQUEEZE_PAGE operation.  Addition of tuples and
 *	removal of overflow page has to done as an atomic operation, otherwise
 *	during replay on standby users might find duplicate records.
 *
 *	Since this function is invoked in VACUUM, we provide an access strategy
 *	parameter that controls fetches of the bucket pages.
 *
 *	Returns the block number of the page that followed the given page
 *	in the bucket, or InvalidBlockNumber if no following page.
 *
 *	NB: caller must not hold lock on metapage, nor on page, that's next to
 *	ovflbuf in the bucket chain.  We don't acquire the lock on page that's
 *	prior to ovflbuf in chain if it is same as wbuf because the caller already
 *	has a lock on same.
 */
BlockNumber
_hash_freeovflpage(Relation rel, Buffer bucketbuf, Buffer ovflbuf,
				   Buffer wbuf, IndexTuple *itups, OffsetNumber *itup_offsets,
				   Size *tups_size, uint16 nitups,
				   BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy)
{
	HashMetaPage metap;
	Buffer		metabuf;
	Buffer		mapbuf;
	BlockNumber ovflblkno;
	BlockNumber prevblkno;
	BlockNumber blkno;
	BlockNumber nextblkno;
	BlockNumber writeblkno;
	HashPageOpaque ovflopaque;
	Page		ovflpage;
	Page		mappage;
	uint32	   *freep;
	uint32		ovflbitno;
	int32		bitmappage,
				bitmapbit;
	Bucket		bucket PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
	Buffer		prevbuf = InvalidBuffer;
	Buffer		nextbuf = InvalidBuffer;
	bool		update_metap = false;

	/* Get information from the doomed page */
	_hash_checkpage(rel, ovflbuf, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
	ovflblkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(ovflbuf);
	ovflpage = BufferGetPage(ovflbuf);
	ovflopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(ovflpage);
	nextblkno = ovflopaque->hasho_nextblkno;
	prevblkno = ovflopaque->hasho_prevblkno;
	writeblkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(wbuf);
	bucket = ovflopaque->hasho_bucket;

	/*
	 * Fix up the bucket chain.  this is a doubly-linked list, so we must fix
	 * up the bucket chain members behind and ahead of the overflow page being
	 * deleted.  Concurrency issues are avoided by using lock chaining as
	 * described atop hashbucketcleanup.
	 */
	if (BlockNumberIsValid(prevblkno))
	{
		if (prevblkno == writeblkno)
			prevbuf = wbuf;
		else
			prevbuf = _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(rel,
												 prevblkno,
												 HASH_WRITE,
												 LH_BUCKET_PAGE | LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE,
												 bstrategy);
	}
	if (BlockNumberIsValid(nextblkno))
		nextbuf = _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(rel,
											 nextblkno,
											 HASH_WRITE,
											 LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE,
											 bstrategy);

	/* Note: bstrategy is intentionally not used for metapage and bitmap */

	/* Read the metapage so we can determine which bitmap page to use */
	metabuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, HASH_METAPAGE, HASH_READ, LH_META_PAGE);
	metap = HashPageGetMeta(BufferGetPage(metabuf));

	/* Identify which bit to set */
	ovflbitno = _hash_ovflblkno_to_bitno(metap, ovflblkno);

	bitmappage = ovflbitno >> BMPG_SHIFT(metap);
	bitmapbit = ovflbitno & BMPG_MASK(metap);

	if (bitmappage >= metap->hashm_nmaps)
		elog(ERROR, "invalid overflow bit number %u", ovflbitno);
	blkno = metap->hashm_mapp[bitmappage];

	/* Release metapage lock while we access the bitmap page */
	LockBuffer(metabuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);

	/* read the bitmap page to clear the bitmap bit */
	mapbuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, blkno, HASH_WRITE, LH_BITMAP_PAGE);
	mappage = BufferGetPage(mapbuf);
	freep = HashPageGetBitmap(mappage);
	Assert(ISSET(freep, bitmapbit));

	/* Get write-lock on metapage to update firstfree */
	LockBuffer(metabuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);

	/* This operation needs to log multiple tuples, prepare WAL for that */
	if (RelationNeedsWAL(rel))
		XLogEnsureRecordSpace(HASH_XLOG_FREE_OVFL_BUFS, 4 + nitups);

	START_CRIT_SECTION();

	/*
	 * we have to insert tuples on the "write" page, being careful to preserve
	 * hashkey ordering.  (If we insert many tuples into the same "write" page
	 * it would be worth qsort'ing them).
	 */
	if (nitups > 0)
	{
		_hash_pgaddmultitup(rel, wbuf, itups, itup_offsets, nitups);
		MarkBufferDirty(wbuf);
	}

	/*
	 * Reinitialize the freed overflow page.  Just zeroing the page won't
	 * work, because WAL replay routines expect pages to be initialized. See
	 * explanation of RBM_NORMAL mode atop XLogReadBufferExtended.  We are
	 * careful to make the special space valid here so that tools like
	 * pageinspect won't get confused.
	 */
	_hash_pageinit(ovflpage, BufferGetPageSize(ovflbuf));

	ovflopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(ovflpage);

	ovflopaque->hasho_prevblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
	ovflopaque->hasho_nextblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
	ovflopaque->hasho_bucket = -1;
	ovflopaque->hasho_flag = LH_UNUSED_PAGE;
	ovflopaque->hasho_page_id = HASHO_PAGE_ID;

	MarkBufferDirty(ovflbuf);

	if (BufferIsValid(prevbuf))
	{
		Page		prevpage = BufferGetPage(prevbuf);
		HashPageOpaque prevopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(prevpage);

		Assert(prevopaque->hasho_bucket == bucket);
		prevopaque->hasho_nextblkno = nextblkno;
		MarkBufferDirty(prevbuf);
	}
	if (BufferIsValid(nextbuf))
	{
		Page		nextpage = BufferGetPage(nextbuf);
		HashPageOpaque nextopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(nextpage);

		Assert(nextopaque->hasho_bucket == bucket);
		nextopaque->hasho_prevblkno = prevblkno;
		MarkBufferDirty(nextbuf);
	}

	/* Clear the bitmap bit to indicate that this overflow page is free */
	CLRBIT(freep, bitmapbit);
	MarkBufferDirty(mapbuf);

	/* if this is now the first free page, update hashm_firstfree */
	if (ovflbitno < metap->hashm_firstfree)
	{
		metap->hashm_firstfree = ovflbitno;
		update_metap = true;
		MarkBufferDirty(metabuf);
	}

	/* XLOG stuff */
	if (RelationNeedsWAL(rel))
	{
		xl_hash_squeeze_page xlrec;
		XLogRecPtr	recptr;
		int			i;

		xlrec.prevblkno = prevblkno;
		xlrec.nextblkno = nextblkno;
		xlrec.ntups = nitups;
		xlrec.is_prim_bucket_same_wrt = (wbuf == bucketbuf);
		xlrec.is_prev_bucket_same_wrt = (wbuf == prevbuf);

		XLogBeginInsert();
		XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfHashSqueezePage);

		/*
		 * bucket buffer needs to be registered to ensure that we can acquire
		 * a cleanup lock on it during replay.
		 */
		if (!xlrec.is_prim_bucket_same_wrt)
			XLogRegisterBuffer(0, bucketbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD | REGBUF_NO_IMAGE);

		XLogRegisterBuffer(1, wbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
		if (xlrec.ntups > 0)
		{
			XLogRegisterBufData(1, (char *) itup_offsets,
								nitups * sizeof(OffsetNumber));
			for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
				XLogRegisterBufData(1, (char *) itups[i], tups_size[i]);
		}

		XLogRegisterBuffer(2, ovflbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);

		/*
		 * If prevpage and the writepage (block in which we are moving tuples
		 * from overflow) are same, then no need to separately register
		 * prevpage.  During replay, we can directly update the nextblock in
		 * writepage.
		 */
		if (BufferIsValid(prevbuf) && !xlrec.is_prev_bucket_same_wrt)
			XLogRegisterBuffer(3, prevbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);

		if (BufferIsValid(nextbuf))
			XLogRegisterBuffer(4, nextbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);

		XLogRegisterBuffer(5, mapbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
		XLogRegisterBufData(5, (char *) &bitmapbit, sizeof(uint32));

		if (update_metap)
		{
			XLogRegisterBuffer(6, metabuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
			XLogRegisterBufData(6, (char *) &metap->hashm_firstfree, sizeof(uint32));
		}

		recptr = XLogInsert(RM_HASH_ID, XLOG_HASH_SQUEEZE_PAGE);

		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(wbuf), recptr);
		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(ovflbuf), recptr);

		if (BufferIsValid(prevbuf) && !xlrec.is_prev_bucket_same_wrt)
			PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(prevbuf), recptr);
		if (BufferIsValid(nextbuf))
			PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(nextbuf), recptr);

		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(mapbuf), recptr);

		if (update_metap)
			PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(metabuf), recptr);
	}

	END_CRIT_SECTION();

	/* release previous bucket if it is not same as write bucket */
	if (BufferIsValid(prevbuf) && prevblkno != writeblkno)
		_hash_relbuf(rel, prevbuf);

	if (BufferIsValid(ovflbuf))
		_hash_relbuf(rel, ovflbuf);

	if (BufferIsValid(nextbuf))
		_hash_relbuf(rel, nextbuf);

	_hash_relbuf(rel, mapbuf);
	_hash_relbuf(rel, metabuf);

	return nextblkno;
}
Example #2
0
/*
 *	_hash_squeezebucket(rel, bucket)
 *
 *	Try to squeeze the tuples onto pages occurring earlier in the
 *	bucket chain in an attempt to free overflow pages. When we start
 *	the "squeezing", the page from which we start taking tuples (the
 *	"read" page) is the last bucket in the bucket chain and the page
 *	onto which we start squeezing tuples (the "write" page) is the
 *	first page in the bucket chain.  The read page works backward and
 *	the write page works forward; the procedure terminates when the
 *	read page and write page are the same page.
 *
 *	At completion of this procedure, it is guaranteed that all pages in
 *	the bucket are nonempty, unless the bucket is totally empty (in
 *	which case all overflow pages will be freed).  The original implementation
 *	required that to be true on entry as well, but it's a lot easier for
 *	callers to leave empty overflow pages and let this guy clean it up.
 *
 *	Caller must acquire cleanup lock on the primary page of the target
 *	bucket to exclude any scans that are in progress, which could easily
 *	be confused into returning the same tuple more than once or some tuples
 *	not at all by the rearrangement we are performing here.  To prevent
 *	any concurrent scan to cross the squeeze scan we use lock chaining
 *	similar to hasbucketcleanup.  Refer comments atop hashbucketcleanup.
 *
 *	We need to retain a pin on the primary bucket to ensure that no concurrent
 *	split can start.
 *
 *	Since this function is invoked in VACUUM, we provide an access strategy
 *	parameter that controls fetches of the bucket pages.
 */
void
_hash_squeezebucket(Relation rel,
					Bucket bucket,
					BlockNumber bucket_blkno,
					Buffer bucket_buf,
					BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy)
{
	BlockNumber wblkno;
	BlockNumber rblkno;
	Buffer		wbuf;
	Buffer		rbuf;
	Page		wpage;
	Page		rpage;
	HashPageOpaque wopaque;
	HashPageOpaque ropaque;

	/*
	 * start squeezing into the primary bucket page.
	 */
	wblkno = bucket_blkno;
	wbuf = bucket_buf;
	wpage = BufferGetPage(wbuf);
	wopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(wpage);

	/*
	 * if there aren't any overflow pages, there's nothing to squeeze. caller
	 * is responsible for releasing the pin on primary bucket page.
	 */
	if (!BlockNumberIsValid(wopaque->hasho_nextblkno))
	{
		LockBuffer(wbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Find the last page in the bucket chain by starting at the base bucket
	 * page and working forward.  Note: we assume that a hash bucket chain is
	 * usually smaller than the buffer ring being used by VACUUM, else using
	 * the access strategy here would be counterproductive.
	 */
	rbuf = InvalidBuffer;
	ropaque = wopaque;
	do
	{
		rblkno = ropaque->hasho_nextblkno;
		if (rbuf != InvalidBuffer)
			_hash_relbuf(rel, rbuf);
		rbuf = _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(rel,
										  rblkno,
										  HASH_WRITE,
										  LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE,
										  bstrategy);
		rpage = BufferGetPage(rbuf);
		ropaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(rpage);
		Assert(ropaque->hasho_bucket == bucket);
	} while (BlockNumberIsValid(ropaque->hasho_nextblkno));

	/*
	 * squeeze the tuples.
	 */
	for (;;)
	{
		OffsetNumber roffnum;
		OffsetNumber maxroffnum;
		OffsetNumber deletable[MaxOffsetNumber];
		IndexTuple	itups[MaxIndexTuplesPerPage];
		Size		tups_size[MaxIndexTuplesPerPage];
		OffsetNumber itup_offsets[MaxIndexTuplesPerPage];
		uint16		ndeletable = 0;
		uint16		nitups = 0;
		Size		all_tups_size = 0;
		int			i;
		bool		retain_pin = false;

readpage:
		/* Scan each tuple in "read" page */
		maxroffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(rpage);
		for (roffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
			 roffnum <= maxroffnum;
			 roffnum = OffsetNumberNext(roffnum))
		{
			IndexTuple	itup;
			Size		itemsz;

			/* skip dead tuples */
			if (ItemIdIsDead(PageGetItemId(rpage, roffnum)))
				continue;

			itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(rpage,
											PageGetItemId(rpage, roffnum));
			itemsz = IndexTupleDSize(*itup);
			itemsz = MAXALIGN(itemsz);

			/*
			 * Walk up the bucket chain, looking for a page big enough for
			 * this item and all other accumulated items.  Exit if we reach
			 * the read page.
			 */
			while (PageGetFreeSpaceForMultipleTuples(wpage, nitups + 1) < (all_tups_size + itemsz))
			{
				Buffer		next_wbuf = InvalidBuffer;
				bool		tups_moved = false;

				Assert(!PageIsEmpty(wpage));

				if (wblkno == bucket_blkno)
					retain_pin = true;

				wblkno = wopaque->hasho_nextblkno;
				Assert(BlockNumberIsValid(wblkno));

				/* don't need to move to next page if we reached the read page */
				if (wblkno != rblkno)
					next_wbuf = _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(rel,
														   wblkno,
														   HASH_WRITE,
														   LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE,
														   bstrategy);

				if (nitups > 0)
				{
					Assert(nitups == ndeletable);

					/*
					 * This operation needs to log multiple tuples, prepare
					 * WAL for that.
					 */
					if (RelationNeedsWAL(rel))
						XLogEnsureRecordSpace(0, 3 + nitups);

					START_CRIT_SECTION();

					/*
					 * we have to insert tuples on the "write" page, being
					 * careful to preserve hashkey ordering.  (If we insert
					 * many tuples into the same "write" page it would be
					 * worth qsort'ing them).
					 */
					_hash_pgaddmultitup(rel, wbuf, itups, itup_offsets, nitups);
					MarkBufferDirty(wbuf);

					/* Delete tuples we already moved off read page */
					PageIndexMultiDelete(rpage, deletable, ndeletable);
					MarkBufferDirty(rbuf);

					/* XLOG stuff */
					if (RelationNeedsWAL(rel))
					{
						XLogRecPtr	recptr;
						xl_hash_move_page_contents xlrec;

						xlrec.ntups = nitups;
						xlrec.is_prim_bucket_same_wrt = (wbuf == bucket_buf) ? true : false;

						XLogBeginInsert();
						XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfHashMovePageContents);

						/*
						 * bucket buffer needs to be registered to ensure that
						 * we can acquire a cleanup lock on it during replay.
						 */
						if (!xlrec.is_prim_bucket_same_wrt)
							XLogRegisterBuffer(0, bucket_buf, REGBUF_STANDARD | REGBUF_NO_IMAGE);

						XLogRegisterBuffer(1, wbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
						XLogRegisterBufData(1, (char *) itup_offsets,
											nitups * sizeof(OffsetNumber));
						for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
							XLogRegisterBufData(1, (char *) itups[i], tups_size[i]);

						XLogRegisterBuffer(2, rbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
						XLogRegisterBufData(2, (char *) deletable,
											ndeletable * sizeof(OffsetNumber));

						recptr = XLogInsert(RM_HASH_ID, XLOG_HASH_MOVE_PAGE_CONTENTS);

						PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(wbuf), recptr);
						PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(rbuf), recptr);
					}

					END_CRIT_SECTION();

					tups_moved = true;
				}

				/*
				 * release the lock on previous page after acquiring the lock
				 * on next page
				 */
				if (retain_pin)
					LockBuffer(wbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
				else
					_hash_relbuf(rel, wbuf);

				/* nothing more to do if we reached the read page */
				if (rblkno == wblkno)
				{
					_hash_relbuf(rel, rbuf);
					return;
				}

				wbuf = next_wbuf;
				wpage = BufferGetPage(wbuf);
				wopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(wpage);
				Assert(wopaque->hasho_bucket == bucket);
				retain_pin = false;

				/* be tidy */
				for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
					pfree(itups[i]);
				nitups = 0;
				all_tups_size = 0;
				ndeletable = 0;

				/*
				 * after moving the tuples, rpage would have been compacted,
				 * so we need to rescan it.
				 */
				if (tups_moved)
					goto readpage;
			}

			/* remember tuple for deletion from "read" page */
			deletable[ndeletable++] = roffnum;

			/*
			 * we need a copy of index tuples as they can be freed as part of
			 * overflow page, however we need them to write a WAL record in
			 * _hash_freeovflpage.
			 */
			itups[nitups] = CopyIndexTuple(itup);
			tups_size[nitups++] = itemsz;
			all_tups_size += itemsz;
		}

		/*
		 * If we reach here, there are no live tuples on the "read" page ---
		 * it was empty when we got to it, or we moved them all.  So we can
		 * just free the page without bothering with deleting tuples
		 * individually.  Then advance to the previous "read" page.
		 *
		 * Tricky point here: if our read and write pages are adjacent in the
		 * bucket chain, our write lock on wbuf will conflict with
		 * _hash_freeovflpage's attempt to update the sibling links of the
		 * removed page.  In that case, we don't need to lock it again.
		 */
		rblkno = ropaque->hasho_prevblkno;
		Assert(BlockNumberIsValid(rblkno));

		/* free this overflow page (releases rbuf) */
		_hash_freeovflpage(rel, bucket_buf, rbuf, wbuf, itups, itup_offsets,
						   tups_size, nitups, bstrategy);

		/* be tidy */
		for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
			pfree(itups[i]);

		/* are we freeing the page adjacent to wbuf? */
		if (rblkno == wblkno)
		{
			/* retain the pin on primary bucket page till end of bucket scan */
			if (wblkno == bucket_blkno)
				LockBuffer(wbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
			else
				_hash_relbuf(rel, wbuf);
			return;
		}

		rbuf = _hash_getbuf_with_strategy(rel,
										  rblkno,
										  HASH_WRITE,
										  LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE,
										  bstrategy);
		rpage = BufferGetPage(rbuf);
		ropaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(rpage);
		Assert(ropaque->hasho_bucket == bucket);
	}

	/* NOTREACHED */
}
Example #3
0
/*
 * _hash_splitbucket -- split 'obucket' into 'obucket' and 'nbucket'
 *
 * This routine is used to partition the tuples between old and new bucket and
 * is used to finish the incomplete split operations.  To finish the previously
 * interrupted split operation, the caller needs to fill htab.  If htab is set,
 * then we skip the movement of tuples that exists in htab, otherwise NULL
 * value of htab indicates movement of all the tuples that belong to the new
 * bucket.
 *
 * We are splitting a bucket that consists of a base bucket page and zero
 * or more overflow (bucket chain) pages.  We must relocate tuples that
 * belong in the new bucket.
 *
 * The caller must hold cleanup locks on both buckets to ensure that
 * no one else is trying to access them (see README).
 *
 * The caller must hold a pin, but no lock, on the metapage buffer.
 * The buffer is returned in the same state.  (The metapage is only
 * touched if it becomes necessary to add or remove overflow pages.)
 *
 * Split needs to retain pin on primary bucket pages of both old and new
 * buckets till end of operation.  This is to prevent vacuum from starting
 * while a split is in progress.
 *
 * In addition, the caller must have created the new bucket's base page,
 * which is passed in buffer nbuf, pinned and write-locked.  The lock will be
 * released here and pin must be released by the caller.  (The API is set up
 * this way because we must do _hash_getnewbuf() before releasing the metapage
 * write lock.  So instead of passing the new bucket's start block number, we
 * pass an actual buffer.)
 */
static void
_hash_splitbucket(Relation rel,
				  Buffer metabuf,
				  Bucket obucket,
				  Bucket nbucket,
				  Buffer obuf,
				  Buffer nbuf,
				  HTAB *htab,
				  uint32 maxbucket,
				  uint32 highmask,
				  uint32 lowmask)
{
	Buffer		bucket_obuf;
	Buffer		bucket_nbuf;
	Page		opage;
	Page		npage;
	HashPageOpaque oopaque;
	HashPageOpaque nopaque;
	OffsetNumber itup_offsets[MaxIndexTuplesPerPage];
	IndexTuple	itups[MaxIndexTuplesPerPage];
	Size		all_tups_size = 0;
	int			i;
	uint16		nitups = 0;

	bucket_obuf = obuf;
	opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
	oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);

	bucket_nbuf = nbuf;
	npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
	nopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(npage);

	/*
	 * Partition the tuples in the old bucket between the old bucket and the
	 * new bucket, advancing along the old bucket's overflow bucket chain and
	 * adding overflow pages to the new bucket as needed.  Outer loop iterates
	 * once per page in old bucket.
	 */
	for (;;)
	{
		BlockNumber oblkno;
		OffsetNumber ooffnum;
		OffsetNumber omaxoffnum;

		/* Scan each tuple in old page */
		omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
		for (ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
			 ooffnum <= omaxoffnum;
			 ooffnum = OffsetNumberNext(ooffnum))
		{
			IndexTuple	itup;
			Size		itemsz;
			Bucket		bucket;
			bool		found = false;

			/* skip dead tuples */
			if (ItemIdIsDead(PageGetItemId(opage, ooffnum)))
				continue;

			/*
			 * Before inserting a tuple, probe the hash table containing TIDs
			 * of tuples belonging to new bucket, if we find a match, then
			 * skip that tuple, else fetch the item's hash key (conveniently
			 * stored in the item) and determine which bucket it now belongs
			 * in.
			 */
			itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(opage,
											PageGetItemId(opage, ooffnum));

			if (htab)
				(void) hash_search(htab, &itup->t_tid, HASH_FIND, &found);

			if (found)
				continue;

			bucket = _hash_hashkey2bucket(_hash_get_indextuple_hashkey(itup),
										  maxbucket, highmask, lowmask);

			if (bucket == nbucket)
			{
				IndexTuple	new_itup;

				/*
				 * make a copy of index tuple as we have to scribble on it.
				 */
				new_itup = CopyIndexTuple(itup);

				/*
				 * mark the index tuple as moved by split, such tuples are
				 * skipped by scan if there is split in progress for a bucket.
				 */
				new_itup->t_info |= INDEX_MOVED_BY_SPLIT_MASK;

				/*
				 * insert the tuple into the new bucket.  if it doesn't fit on
				 * the current page in the new bucket, we must allocate a new
				 * overflow page and place the tuple on that page instead.
				 */
				itemsz = IndexTupleDSize(*new_itup);
				itemsz = MAXALIGN(itemsz);

				if (PageGetFreeSpaceForMultipleTuples(npage, nitups + 1) < (all_tups_size + itemsz))
				{
					/*
					 * Change the shared buffer state in critical section,
					 * otherwise any error could make it unrecoverable.
					 */
					START_CRIT_SECTION();

					_hash_pgaddmultitup(rel, nbuf, itups, itup_offsets, nitups);
					MarkBufferDirty(nbuf);
					/* log the split operation before releasing the lock */
					log_split_page(rel, nbuf);

					END_CRIT_SECTION();

					/* drop lock, but keep pin */
					LockBuffer(nbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);

					/* be tidy */
					for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
						pfree(itups[i]);
					nitups = 0;
					all_tups_size = 0;

					/* chain to a new overflow page */
					nbuf = _hash_addovflpage(rel, metabuf, nbuf, (nbuf == bucket_nbuf) ? true : false);
					npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
					nopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(npage);
				}

				itups[nitups++] = new_itup;
				all_tups_size += itemsz;
			}
			else
			{
				/*
				 * the tuple stays on this page, so nothing to do.
				 */
				Assert(bucket == obucket);
			}
		}

		oblkno = oopaque->hasho_nextblkno;

		/* retain the pin on the old primary bucket */
		if (obuf == bucket_obuf)
			LockBuffer(obuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
		else
			_hash_relbuf(rel, obuf);

		/* Exit loop if no more overflow pages in old bucket */
		if (!BlockNumberIsValid(oblkno))
		{
			/*
			 * Change the shared buffer state in critical section, otherwise
			 * any error could make it unrecoverable.
			 */
			START_CRIT_SECTION();

			_hash_pgaddmultitup(rel, nbuf, itups, itup_offsets, nitups);
			MarkBufferDirty(nbuf);
			/* log the split operation before releasing the lock */
			log_split_page(rel, nbuf);

			END_CRIT_SECTION();

			if (nbuf == bucket_nbuf)
				LockBuffer(nbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
			else
				_hash_relbuf(rel, nbuf);

			/* be tidy */
			for (i = 0; i < nitups; i++)
				pfree(itups[i]);
			break;
		}

		/* Else, advance to next old page */
		obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_READ, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
		opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
		oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
	}

	/*
	 * We're at the end of the old bucket chain, so we're done partitioning
	 * the tuples.  Mark the old and new buckets to indicate split is
	 * finished.
	 *
	 * To avoid deadlocks due to locking order of buckets, first lock the old
	 * bucket and then the new bucket.
	 */
	LockBuffer(bucket_obuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
	opage = BufferGetPage(bucket_obuf);
	oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);

	LockBuffer(bucket_nbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE);
	npage = BufferGetPage(bucket_nbuf);
	nopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(npage);

	START_CRIT_SECTION();

	oopaque->hasho_flag &= ~LH_BUCKET_BEING_SPLIT;
	nopaque->hasho_flag &= ~LH_BUCKET_BEING_POPULATED;

	/*
	 * After the split is finished, mark the old bucket to indicate that it
	 * contains deletable tuples.  We will clear split-cleanup flag after
	 * deleting such tuples either at the end of split or at the next split
	 * from old bucket or at the time of vacuum.
	 */
	oopaque->hasho_flag |= LH_BUCKET_NEEDS_SPLIT_CLEANUP;

	/*
	 * now write the buffers, here we don't release the locks as caller is
	 * responsible to release locks.
	 */
	MarkBufferDirty(bucket_obuf);
	MarkBufferDirty(bucket_nbuf);

	if (RelationNeedsWAL(rel))
	{
		XLogRecPtr	recptr;
		xl_hash_split_complete xlrec;

		xlrec.old_bucket_flag = oopaque->hasho_flag;
		xlrec.new_bucket_flag = nopaque->hasho_flag;

		XLogBeginInsert();

		XLogRegisterData((char *) &xlrec, SizeOfHashSplitComplete);

		XLogRegisterBuffer(0, bucket_obuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);
		XLogRegisterBuffer(1, bucket_nbuf, REGBUF_STANDARD);

		recptr = XLogInsert(RM_HASH_ID, XLOG_HASH_SPLIT_COMPLETE);

		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(bucket_obuf), recptr);
		PageSetLSN(BufferGetPage(bucket_nbuf), recptr);
	}

	END_CRIT_SECTION();

	/*
	 * If possible, clean up the old bucket.  We might not be able to do this
	 * if someone else has a pin on it, but if not then we can go ahead.  This
	 * isn't absolutely necessary, but it reduces bloat; if we don't do it
	 * now, VACUUM will do it eventually, but maybe not until new overflow
	 * pages have been allocated.  Note that there's no need to clean up the
	 * new bucket.
	 */
	if (IsBufferCleanupOK(bucket_obuf))
	{
		LockBuffer(bucket_nbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
		hashbucketcleanup(rel, obucket, bucket_obuf,
						  BufferGetBlockNumber(bucket_obuf), NULL,
						  maxbucket, highmask, lowmask, NULL, NULL, true,
						  NULL, NULL);
	}
	else
	{
		LockBuffer(bucket_nbuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
		LockBuffer(bucket_obuf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
	}
}