int
bitree_merge(BiTree *merge, BiTree *left, BiTree *right, const void *data)
{
/* initialize the merged tree */
bitree_init(merge, left->destroy);
/* insert the data for the root node of the merged tree */
if (bitree_insert_left(merge, NULL, data) != 0) {
bitree_destroy(merge);
return -1;
}
/* merge the two binary trees into a single binary tree */
bitree_root(merge)->left = bitree_root(left);
bitree_root(merge)->right = bitree_root(right);
/* adjust the size of the new binary tree */
merge->size = merge->size + bitree_size(left) + bitree_size(right);
/* do not let the original trees access the merged nodes */
left->root = NULL;
left->size = 0;
right->root = NULL;
right->size = 0;
return 0;
}
void
display_report(short num) {
if(bitree_is_eob(bitree_root(&tree))) {
printf("No variables declared.\n");
return;
}
switch(num) {
case 1:
report1_header();
report1_data();
break;
case 2:
report2_header();
report2_data();
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid report type: %d\n", num);
exit(-1);
break;
};
return;
};
struct bitree *build(int n)
{
int i, *data;
struct bitree *tree = NULL;
struct bitree_node *position = NULL;
tree = (struct bitree *) malloc(sizeof(struct bitree));
if (!tree)
return NULL;
bitree_init(tree, NULL);
data = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int));
if (!data) {
goto fail;
}
for (i = 0; i <= n/2; i++) {
data[i] = i + 1;
if (bitree_ins_left(tree, position, (const void *) &data[i]) != 0)
goto fail;
if (!position) {
if (bitree_root(tree) == NULL)
goto fail;
position = bitree_root(tree);
} else {
position = position->left;
}
}
position = bitree_root(tree);
for (i = n/2 + 1; i < n; i++) {
data[i] = i + 1;
if (bitree_ins_right(tree, position, (const void *) &data[i]) != 0)
goto fail;
position = position->right;
}
return tree;
fail:
free(tree);
return NULL;
}
int main(){
setup();
puts("Add 0-item as BT1's root, BT1: ");
bitree_add_left(bt1, NULL, u[0]);
bitree_dump(bt1, print);
puts("");
puts("Add 1-item as BT2's root, BT2: ");
bitree_add_left(bt2, NULL, u[1]);
bitree_dump(bt2, print);
puts("");
puts("Add 2-item as BT1's root's left child ");
bitree_add_left(bt1, bitree_root(bt1), u[2]);
puts("Add 3-item as BT1's root's right child ");
bitree_add_right(bt1, bitree_root(bt1), u[3]);
puts("BT1: ");
bitree_dump(bt1, print);
puts("");
puts("Add 4-item as BT2's root's left child ");
bitree_add_left(bt2, bitree_root(bt2), u[4]);
puts("Add 5-item as BT2's root's right child ");
bitree_add_right(bt2, bitree_root(bt2), u[5]);
puts("BT2: ");
bitree_dump(bt2, print);
puts("");
printf("BT1 len: %d\n", bitree_size(bt1));
printf("BT2 len: %d\n", bitree_size(bt2));
printf("BT len: %d\n", bitree_size(bt));
puts("Merge BT1 and BT2 to BT: ");
bitree_merge(bt, bt1, bt2, u[6]);
bitree_dump(bt, print);
puts("");
printf("BT len: %d\n", bitree_size(bt));
puts("BT remove left child, BT: ");
bitree_remove_left(bt, bitree_root(bt));
bitree_dump(bt, print);
puts("");
enddown();
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
//create a unbalanced tree
BiTree * unbalanced_tree = (BiTree*)malloc(sizeof(BiTree));
bitree_init(unbalanced_tree, NULL);
int tree_node_index[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
tree_node_index[i] = i;
}
BiTreeNode * position = NULL;
bitree_ins_left(unbalanced_tree, NULL, (void *)&tree_node_index[0]);
bitree_ins_left(unbalanced_tree, bitree_root(unbalanced_tree), (void *)&tree_node_index[1]);
position = bitree_root(unbalanced_tree)->left;
bitree_ins_left(unbalanced_tree, position, (void *)&tree_node_index[2]);
position = position->left;
bitree_ins_left(unbalanced_tree, position, (void *)&tree_node_index[3]);
bitree_ins_right(unbalanced_tree, bitree_root(unbalanced_tree), (void *)&tree_node_index[4]);
int balance_check_result = check_balance(bitree_root(unbalanced_tree));
if(balance_check_result < 0)
printf("unbalanced tree\n");
else
printf("balanced tree\n");
bitree_destroy(unbalanced_tree);
free(unbalanced_tree);
//create a balanced tree
BiTree * balanced_tree = (BiTree *)malloc(sizeof(BiTree));
bitree_init(balanced_tree, NULL);
bitree_ins_left(balanced_tree, NULL, (void *)&tree_node_index[0]);
bitree_ins_left(balanced_tree, bitree_root(balanced_tree), (void *)&tree_node_index[1]);
position = bitree_root(balanced_tree)->left;
bitree_ins_left(balanced_tree, position, (void *)&tree_node_index[2]);
bitree_ins_right(balanced_tree, position, (void *)&tree_node_index[3]);
bitree_ins_right(balanced_tree, bitree_root(balanced_tree), (void *)&tree_node_index[4]);
balance_check_result = check_balance(bitree_root(balanced_tree));
if(balance_check_result < 1)
printf("unbalanced!\n");
else
printf("balanced\n");
bitree_destroy(balanced_tree);
free(balanced_tree);
return 0;
}
static int compare_freq(const void *tree1, const void *tree2)
{
HuffNode *root1, *root2;
/*****************************************************************************
* Compare the frequencies stored in the root nodes of two binary trees. *
*****************************************************************************/
root1 = (HuffNode *) bitree_data(bitree_root((const BiTree *)tree1));
root2 = (HuffNode *) bitree_data(bitree_root((const BiTree *)tree2));
if (root1->freq < root2->freq)
return 1;
else if (root1->freq > root2->freq)
return -1;
else
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct bitree *tree;
int cnt;
tree = build(DEFAULT_TREE_SIZE);
if (!tree) {
fprintf(stderr, "build tree error\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_PREORDER);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_INORDER);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_POSTORDER);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_LEVELORDER);
fprintf(stdout, "\nmirroring the tree\n");
mirror(tree->root);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_LEVELORDER);
mirror(tree->root); /* reverse */
fprintf(stdout, "\ndoubling the tree\n");
double_tree(tree);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_LEVELORDER);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_INORDER);
traverse_dump(tree, TRAVE_PREORDER);
cnt = print_paths(tree->root);
fprintf(stdout, "total %d paths\n", cnt);
exit:
if (visit_list)
dlist_destroy(visit_list);
free(bitree_root(tree)->data);
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
void bitree_avl_test() {
BiTree_AVL bitree;
bitree_avl_init(&bitree, (void *) studn_compare, (void *) studn_destroy);
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(1, "zhangsan", 1, 32, 9));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(2, "lisi", 1, 32, 8));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(3, "wangdazhui", 1, 32, 9));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(4, "zhangquandan", 1, 32, 10));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(5, "zhangfei", 1, 32, 9));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(6, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(7, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(8, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(9, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(10, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(11, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(12, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(13, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(14, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(15, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(16, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(17, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(18, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(19, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(20, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
bitree_avl_insert(&bitree, studn_get_init(21, "liucuihua", 0, 22, 11));
printf("%s%d\n", "bitree avl size :", bitree_avl_size(&bitree));
BiTreeNode *node = bitree_root(&bitree);
printBitree(node);
printf("\n");
printf("%s\n", "============== release data begin ===============");
bitree_destroy(&bitree);
printf("%s\n", "============== release data end ===============");
}
static BiTreeNode *search_int(BiTree *tree, int i) {
BiTreeNode *node;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Look up i assuming a binary tree organized as a binary search tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
node = bitree_root(tree);
while (!bitree_is_eob(node)) {
if (i == *(int *)bitree_data(node)) {
return node;
}
else if (i < *(int *)bitree_data(node)) {
node = bitree_left(node);
}
else {
node = bitree_right(node);
}
}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
BiTree tree;
char *target;
char sarray[12][STRSIZ],
tarray[12][STRSIZ];
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Load an array with the data to search. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
strcpy(sarray[hop], "hop");
strcpy(sarray[hat], "hat");
strcpy(sarray[tap], "tap");
strcpy(sarray[bat], "bat");
strcpy(sarray[tip], "tip");
strcpy(sarray[mop], "mop");
strcpy(sarray[mom], "mom");
strcpy(sarray[cat], "cat");
strcpy(sarray[zoo], "zoo");
strcpy(sarray[wax], "wax");
strcpy(sarray[top], "top");
strcpy(sarray[dip], "dip");
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initialize the binary search tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
bistree_init(&tree, compare_str, NULL);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Perform some binary search tree operations. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting some nodes\n");
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[tap]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[tip]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[top]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[cat]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[bat]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[tap]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[tap]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[tap]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[top]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[top]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[top]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[tip]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[tip]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[tip]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[hop]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[hop]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[hop]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting %s\n", sarray[hop]);
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[hop]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting %s\n", sarray[dip]);
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[dip]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting %s\n", sarray[tap]);
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[tap]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting %s\n", sarray[top]);
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[top]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting %s\n", sarray[tip]);
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[tip]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting more nodes\n");
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[mom]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[hat]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[mop]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[wax]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
if (bistree_insert(&tree, sarray[zoo]) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[wax]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[wax]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[wax]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Removing %s\n", sarray[hop]);
if (bistree_remove(&tree, &sarray[hop]) != 0) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", sarray[hop]);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bistree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
preorder_tree(bitree_root(&tree));
}
fprintf(stdout, "Looking up some nodes\n");
strcpy(tarray[0], "top");
strcpy(tarray[1], "hop");
strcpy(tarray[2], "wax");
strcpy(tarray[3], "hat");
strcpy(tarray[4], "xxx");
target = tarray[0];
if (bistree_lookup(&tree, (void **)&target) == -1)
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", target);
else
fprintf(stdout, "Found %s\n", target);
target = tarray[1];
if (bistree_lookup(&tree, (void **)&target) == -1)
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", target);
else
fprintf(stdout, "Found %s\n", target);
target = tarray[2];
if (bistree_lookup(&tree, (void **)&target) == -1)
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", target);
else
fprintf(stdout, "Found %s\n", target);
target = tarray[3];
if (bistree_lookup(&tree, (void **)&target) == -1)
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", target);
else
fprintf(stdout, "Found %s\n", target);
target = tarray[4];
if (bistree_lookup(&tree, (void **)&target) == -1)
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %s\n", target);
else
fprintf(stdout, "Found %s\n", target);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Destroy the binary search tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "Destroying the search tree\n");
bistree_destroy(&tree);
return 0;
}
int
bistree_lookup (BisTree *tree, void **data)
{
return lookup (tree, bitree_root (tree), data);
}
static int build_tree(int *freqs, BiTree **tree) {
BiTree *init,
*merge,
*left,
*right;
PQueue pqueue;
HuffNode *data;
int size,
c;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initialize the priority queue of binary trees. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*tree = NULL;
pqueue_init(&pqueue, compare_freq, destroy_tree);
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++) {
if (freqs[c] != 0) {
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Set up a binary tree for the current symbol and its frequency. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
if ((init = (BiTree *)malloc(sizeof(BiTree))) == NULL) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
bitree_init(init, free);
if ((data = (HuffNode *)malloc(sizeof(HuffNode))) == NULL) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
data->symbol = c;
data->freq = freqs[c];
if (bitree_ins_left(init, NULL, data) != 0) {
free(data);
bitree_destroy(init);
free(init);
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Insert the binary tree into the priority queue. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
if (pqueue_insert(&pqueue, init) != 0) {
bitree_destroy(init);
free(init);
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
}
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Build a Huffman tree by merging trees in the priority queue. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
size = pqueue_size(&pqueue);
for (c = 1; c <= size - 1; c++) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Allocate storage for the next merged tree. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
if ((merge = (BiTree *)malloc(sizeof(BiTree))) == NULL) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Extract the two trees whose root nodes have the smallest frequencies. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
if (pqueue_extract(&pqueue, (void **)&left) != 0) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
free(merge);
return -1;
}
if (pqueue_extract(&pqueue, (void **)&right) != 0) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
free(merge);
return -1;
}
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Allocate storage for the data in the root node of the merged tree. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
if ((data = (HuffNode *)malloc(sizeof(HuffNode))) == NULL) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
free(merge);
return -1;
}
memset(data, 0, sizeof(HuffNode));
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Sum the frequencies in the root nodes of the trees being merged. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
data->freq = ((HuffNode *)bitree_data(bitree_root(left)))->freq +
((HuffNode *)bitree_data(bitree_root(right)))->freq;
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Merge the two trees. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
if (bitree_merge(merge, left, right, data) != 0) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
free(merge);
return -1;
}
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Insert the merged tree into the priority queue and free the others. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
if (pqueue_insert(&pqueue, merge) != 0) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
bitree_destroy(merge);
free(merge);
return -1;
}
free(left);
free(right);
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* The last tree in the priority queue is the Huffman tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (pqueue_extract(&pqueue, (void **)tree) != 0) {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
return -1;
}
else {
pqueue_destroy(&pqueue);
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
BiTree tree;
BiTreeNode *node;
int i;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initialize the binary tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
bitree_init(&tree, free);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Perform some binary tree operations. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting some nodes\n");
if (insert_int(&tree, 20) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 10) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 30) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 15) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 25) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 70) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 80) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 23) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 26) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 5) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bitree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
print_preorder(bitree_root(&tree));
i = 30;
if ((node = search_int(&tree, i)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %03d\n", i);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Found %03d...Removing the left tree below it\n", i);
bitree_rem_left(&tree, node);
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bitree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
print_preorder(bitree_root(&tree));
}
i = 99;
if ((node = search_int(&tree, i)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %03d\n", i);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Found %03d...Removing the right tree below it\n", i);
bitree_rem_right(&tree, node);
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bitree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
print_preorder(bitree_root(&tree));
}
i = 20;
if ((node = search_int(&tree, i)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stdout, "Could not find %03d\n", i);
}
else {
fprintf(stdout, "Found %03d...Removing the right tree below it\n", i);
bitree_rem_right(&tree, node);
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bitree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
print_preorder(bitree_root(&tree));
}
i = bitree_is_leaf(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing bitree_is_leaf...Value=%d (0=OK)\n", i);
i = bitree_is_leaf(bitree_left((bitree_root(&tree))));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing bitree_is_leaf...Value=%d (0=OK)\n", i);
i = bitree_is_leaf(bitree_left(bitree_left((bitree_root(&tree)))));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing bitree_is_leaf...Value=%d (1=OK)\n", i);
i = bitree_is_leaf(bitree_right(bitree_left((bitree_root(&tree)))));
fprintf(stdout, "Testing bitree_is_leaf...Value=%d (1=OK)\n", i);
fprintf(stdout, "Inserting some nodes\n");
if (insert_int(&tree, 55) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 44) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 77) != 0)
return 1;
if (insert_int(&tree, 11) != 0)
return 1;
fprintf(stdout, "Tree size is %d\n", bitree_size(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Preorder traversal)\n");
print_preorder(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Inorder traversal)\n");
print_inorder(bitree_root(&tree));
fprintf(stdout, "(Postorder traversal)\n");
print_postorder(bitree_root(&tree));
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Destroy the binary tree. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
fprintf(stdout, "Destroying the tree\n");
bitree_destroy(&tree);
return 0;
}
void
report2_data(void) {
inorder(bitree_root(&tree), report2_format);
return;
};
int avltree_insert(AvlTree *tree, const void *data) {
int balanced = 0;
return insert(tree, &bitree_root(tree), data, &balanced);
}
int huffman_compress(const unsigned char *original, unsigned char
**compressed, int size) {
BiTree *tree;
HuffCode table[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
int freqs[UCHAR_MAX + 1],
max,
scale,
hsize,
ipos,
opos,
cpos,
c,
i;
unsigned char *comp,
*temp;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initially there is no buffer of compressed data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*compressed = NULL;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Get the frequency of each symbol in the original data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++)
freqs[c] = 0;
ipos = 0;
if (size > 0) {
while (ipos < size) {
freqs[original[ipos]]++;
ipos++;
}
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Scale the frequencies to fit into one byte. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
max = UCHAR_MAX;
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++) {
if (freqs[c] > max)
max = freqs[c];
}
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++) {
scale = (int)(freqs[c] / ((double)max / (double)UCHAR_MAX));
if (scale == 0 && freqs[c] != 0)
freqs[c] = 1;
else
freqs[c] = scale;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Build the Huffman tree and table of codes for the data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (build_tree(freqs, &tree) != 0)
return -1;
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++)
memset(&table[c], 0, sizeof(HuffCode));
build_table(bitree_root(tree), 0x0000, 0, table);
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Write the header information. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
hsize = sizeof(int) + (UCHAR_MAX + 1);
if ((comp = (unsigned char *)malloc(hsize)) == NULL)
return -1;
memcpy(comp, &size, sizeof(int));
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++)
comp[sizeof(int) + c] = (unsigned char)freqs[c];
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Compress the data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
ipos = 0;
opos = hsize * 8;
while (ipos < size) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Get the next symbol in the original data. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
c = original[ipos];
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Write the code for the symbol to the buffer of compressed data. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
for (i = 0; i < table[c].size; i++) {
if (opos % 8 == 0) {
/********************************************************************
* *
* Allocate another byte for the buffer of compressed data. *
* *
********************************************************************/
if ((temp = (unsigned char *)realloc(comp,(opos / 8) + 1)) == NULL) {
free(comp);
return -1;
}
comp = temp;
}
cpos = (sizeof(short) * 8) - table[c].size + i;
bit_set(comp, opos, bit_get((unsigned char *)&table[c].code, cpos));
opos++;
}
ipos++;
}
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Point to the buffer of compressed data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*compressed = comp;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Return the number of bytes in the compressed data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
return ((opos - 1) / 8) + 1;
}
int huffman_uncompress(const unsigned char *compressed, unsigned char
**original) {
BiTree *tree;
BiTreeNode *node;
int freqs[UCHAR_MAX + 1],
hsize,
size,
ipos,
opos,
state,
c;
unsigned char *orig,
*temp;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Initially there is no buffer of original data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*original = orig = NULL;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Get the header information from the buffer of compressed data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
hsize = sizeof(int) + (UCHAR_MAX + 1);
memcpy(&size, compressed, sizeof(int));
for (c = 0; c <= UCHAR_MAX; c++)
freqs[c] = compressed[sizeof(int) + c];
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Rebuild the Huffman tree used previously to compress the data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
if (build_tree(freqs, &tree) != 0)
return -1;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Uncompress the data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
ipos = hsize * 8;
opos = 0;
node = bitree_root(tree);
while (opos < size) {
/**************************************************************************
* *
* Get the next bit in the compressed data. *
* *
**************************************************************************/
state = bit_get(compressed, ipos);
ipos++;
if (state == 0) {
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Move to the left. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
if (bitree_is_eob(node) || bitree_is_eob(bitree_left(node))) {
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
return -1;
}
else
node = bitree_left(node);
}
else {
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Move to the right. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
if (bitree_is_eob(node) || bitree_is_eob(bitree_right(node))) {
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
return -1;
}
else
node = bitree_right(node);
}
if (bitree_is_eob(bitree_left(node))&&bitree_is_eob(bitree_right(node))) {
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Write the symbol in the leaf node to the buffer of original data. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
if (opos > 0) {
if ((temp = (unsigned char *)realloc(orig, opos + 1)) == NULL) {
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
free(orig);
return -1;
}
orig = temp;
}
else {
if ((orig = (unsigned char *)malloc(1)) == NULL) {
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
return -1;
}
}
orig[opos] = ((HuffNode *)bitree_data(node))->symbol;
opos++;
/***********************************************************************
* *
* Move back to the top of the tree. *
* *
***********************************************************************/
node = bitree_root(tree);
}
}
bitree_destroy(tree);
free(tree);
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Point to the buffer of original data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
*original = orig;
/*****************************************************************************
* *
* Return the number of bytes in the original data. *
* *
*****************************************************************************/
return opos;
}
int
bistree_insert (BisTree *tree, const void *data)
{
int balanced = 0;
return insert (tree, &bitree_root (tree), data, &balanced);
}
int avltree_lookup(AvlTree *tree, void **data) {
return lookup(tree, bitree_root(tree), data);
}
int
bistree_remove (BisTree *tree, const void *data)
{
return hide (tree, bitree_root (tree), data);
}
