void llg_stt_rhs(double *dm_dt, double *m, double *h, double *h_stt,
double *alpha, double beta, double u0, double gamma, int n) {
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int index = 0; index < n; index++) {
int i = 3 * index;
int j = 3 * index + 1;
int k = 3 * index + 2;
double coeff = -gamma / (1 + alpha[index] * alpha[index]);
double mm = m[i] * m[i] + m[j] * m[j] + m[k] * m[k];
double mh = m[i] * h[i] + m[j] * h[j] + m[k] * h[k];
//hp=mm.h-mh.m=-mx(mxh)
double hpi = mm*h[i] - mh*m[i];
double hpj = mm*h[j] - mh*m[j];
double hpk = mm*h[k] - mh*m[k];
double mth0 = cross_x(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
double mth1 = cross_y(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
double mth2 = cross_z(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
dm_dt[i] = coeff * (mth0 - hpi * alpha[index]);
dm_dt[j] = coeff * (mth1 - hpj * alpha[index]);
dm_dt[k] = coeff * (mth2 - hpk * alpha[index]);
//the above part is standard LLG equation.
double coeff_stt = u0 / (1 + alpha[index] * alpha[index]);
double mht = m[i] * h_stt[i] + m[j] * h_stt[j] + m[k] * h_stt[k];
hpi = mm*h_stt[i] - mht * m[i];
hpj = mm*h_stt[j] - mht * m[j];
hpk = mm*h_stt[k] - mht * m[k];
mth0 = cross_x(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
mth1 = cross_y(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
mth2 = cross_z(m[i], m[j], m[k], hpi, hpj, hpk);
dm_dt[i] += coeff_stt * ((1 + alpha[index] * beta) * hpi
- (beta - alpha[index]) * mth0);
dm_dt[j] += coeff_stt * ((1 + alpha[index] * beta) * hpj
- (beta - alpha[index]) * mth1);
dm_dt[k] += coeff_stt * ((1 + alpha[index] * beta) * hpk
- (beta - alpha[index]) * mth2);
double c = 6 * sqrt(dm_dt[i] * dm_dt[i] +
dm_dt[j] * dm_dt[j] +
dm_dt[k]* dm_dt[k]
);
dm_dt[i] += c * (1 - mm) * m[i];
dm_dt[j] += c * (1 - mm) * m[j];
dm_dt[k] += c * (1 - mm) * m[k];
}
}
void llg_rhs_baryakhtar(double *dm_dt, double *m, double *h, double *delta_h,
double *alpha, double beta, int *pins,
double gamma, int nxyz, int do_precession) {
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int id = 0; id < nxyz; id++) {
int i = 3*id;
int j = i + 1;
int k = j + 1;
if (pins[id]>0) {
dm_dt[i] = 0;
dm_dt[j] = 0;
dm_dt[k] = 0;
continue;
}
double coeff = -gamma;
if (do_precession) {
dm_dt[i] = coeff*cross_x(m[i],m[j],m[k],h[i],h[j],h[k]);
dm_dt[j] = coeff*cross_y(m[i],m[j],m[k],h[i],h[j],h[k]);
dm_dt[k] = coeff*cross_z(m[i],m[j],m[k],h[i],h[j],h[k]);
}
dm_dt[i] += gamma*(alpha[i]*h[i] - beta*delta_h[i]);
dm_dt[j] += gamma*(alpha[i]*h[j] - beta*delta_h[j]);
dm_dt[k] += gamma*(alpha[i]*h[k] - beta*delta_h[k]);
}
}
void llg_rhs_baryakhtar_reduced(double *dm_dt, double *m, double *hp, double *delta_hp,
double *alpha, double beta, int *pins,
double gamma, int nxyz, int do_precession, double default_c) {
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int id = 0; id < nxyz; id++) {
int i = 3*id;
int j = i + 1;
int k = j + 1;
if (pins[id]>0) {
dm_dt[i] = 0;
dm_dt[j] = 0;
dm_dt[k] = 0;
continue;
}
double coeff = -gamma;
if (do_precession) {
dm_dt[i] = coeff*cross_x(m[i],m[j],m[k],hp[i],hp[j],hp[k]);
dm_dt[j] = coeff*cross_y(m[i],m[j],m[k],hp[i],hp[j],hp[k]);
dm_dt[k] = coeff*cross_z(m[i],m[j],m[k],hp[i],hp[j],hp[k]);
}
double hpx = alpha[i]*hp[i]-beta*delta_hp[i];
double hpy = alpha[i]*hp[j]-beta*delta_hp[j];
double hpz = alpha[i]*hp[k]-beta*delta_hp[k];
double mm = m[i]*m[i] + m[j]*m[j] + m[k]*m[k];
double mh = m[i]*hpx + m[j]*hpy + m[k]*hpz;
//suppose m is normalised, i.e., hp=mm.h-mh.m=-mx(mxh)
dm_dt[i] += gamma*(mm*hpx - mh*m[i]);
dm_dt[j] += gamma*(mm*hpy - mh*m[j]);
dm_dt[k] += gamma*(mm*hpz - mh*m[k]);
double c=0;
if (default_c<0) {
c = 6*sqrt(dm_dt[i]*dm_dt[i]+dm_dt[j]*dm_dt[j]+dm_dt[k]*dm_dt[k]);
} else {
c = default_c;
}
//printf("%0.15g %0.15g\n", c, default_c);
dm_dt[i] += c*(1-mm)*m[i];
dm_dt[j] += c*(1-mm)*m[j];
dm_dt[k] += c*(1-mm)*m[k];
}
}
void dmi_field_bulk(double *m, double *field, double *energy, double *Ms_inv,
double *D, double dx, double dy, double dz,
int n, int *ngbs) {
/* In the atomic model, the effective field in the i-th spin site has the
* summation: D_{ij} x S_{ij}
*
* where j is the index of a NN neighbour and D_{ij} = D * r_{ij}, r_{ij}
* being the position vector connectin the site i with the site j
*
* In the continuum, the field can be written as : - nabla X M , which can
* be discretised with an expression similar to the atomic model one when
* doing the finite difference approximation of the derivative, thus we
* only need the DMI vector as: -D * r_{ij}
*
* So, in the loop through neighbours we compute:
*
* neighbour field sum this gives
* -x: (D / dx) * (+x X M) --> Components in y, z
* +x: (D / dx) * (-x X M) --> %
* -y: (D / dy) * (+y X M) --> Components in x, z
* +y: (D / dy) * (-y X M) --> %
* -z: (D / dz) * (+z X M) --> Components in x, y
* +z: (D / dz) * (-z X M) --> %
*
* which gives:
* field_x = (D / dx) * (mz[-x] - mz[+x])
* + (D / dz) * (mx[-z] - mx[+x])
* ...
*
* which are the first order derivatives.
*
* To compute the DMI for other point groups we will have to find
* the vectors and how to discretise the derivative
*
*/
/* Here we iterate through every mesh node */
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double sign;
double * dmivector = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
double DMIc;
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
int idnm = 0; // Index for the magnetisation matrix
int idn = 6 * i; // index for the neighbours
/* Set a zero field for sites without magnetic material */
if (Ms_inv[i] == 0.0){
field[3 * i] = 0;
field[3 * i + 1] = 0;
field[3 * i + 2] = 0;
energy[i] = 0;
continue;
}
/* Here we iterate through the neighbours. Remember:
* j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 --> -x, +x, -y, +y, -z, +z */
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
/* Remember that index=-1 is for sites without material, so
* we skip those sites */
if (ngbs[idn + j] >= 0) {
/* Since we are iterating through the 6 NN neighbours, we
* set the sign for the DMI vector since, for example,
* in the x directions, r_{ij} = (+-1, 0, 0)
* So, for j=0, 2, 4 (i.e. -x, -y, -z) we use a negatiev sign
*/
if (j == 0 || j == 2 || j == 4){ sign = -1; }
else{ sign = 1; }
/* Now we set the DMI vectors according to the neighbour position */
if (j == 0 || j == 1) {
DMIc = -D[i] / dx;
dmivector[0] = sign, dmivector[1] = 0, dmivector[2] = 0;
}
else if (j == 2 || j == 3) {
DMIc = -D[i] / dy;
dmivector[0] = 0, dmivector[1] = sign, dmivector[2] = 0;
}
else if (j == 4 || j == 5) {
DMIc = -D[i] / dz;
dmivector[0] = 0, dmivector[1] = 0, dmivector[2] = sign;
}
/* Magnetisation array index of the neighbouring spin
* since ngbs gives the neighbour's index */
idnm = 3 * ngbs[idn + j];
/* Check that the magnetisation of the neighbouring spin
* is larger than zero */
if (Ms_inv[ngbs[idn + j]] > 0){
/* We do here: (D / dx_i) * ( r_{ij} X M_{j} )
* The cross_i function gives the i component of the
* cross product
*/
/* The x component of the cross product of +-x
* times anything is zero (similar for the other comps */
if (j != 0 && j != 1) {
fx += DMIc * cross_x(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
if (j != 2 && j != 3) {
fy += DMIc * cross_y(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
if (j != 4 && j != 5) {
fz += DMIc * cross_z(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
}
}
}
/* Energy as: (-mu0 * Ms / 2) * [ H_dmi * m ] */
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * m[3 * i] + fy * m[3 * i + 1]
+ fz * m[3 * i + 2]);
/* Update the field H_dmi which has the same structure than *m */
field[3 * i] = fx * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
free(dmivector);
}
}
void dmi_field_interfacial(double *m, double *field, double *energy, double *Ms_inv,
double *D, double dx, double dy, double dz,
int n, int *ngbs) {
/* In the atomic model, the effective field in the i-th spin site has the
* summation: D_{ij} x S_{ij}
*
* For the Interfacial DMI, D_{ij} has the structure: D_{ij} = r_{ij} X z
*
* so the Dzyaloshinskii vectors are IN plane. This function only works
* along the XY plane since we assume there is a non magnetic material below
* with a different SOC which gives the DMI for neighbouring in plane spins
*
* The computation is similar than before, only that we no longer have
* a z component. In the continuum the H_dmi field is:
* H_dmi = (2 * D / (Ms a a_z)) * ( x X dM/dy - y X dM/dx )
* where "a" is the lattice spacing in the plane and "a_z" the system
* thickness along z
* This derivative can be obtained doing the cross product
* as in the atomic model, hence when going through the neighbours
* loop, we can obtain the field doing the following cross products:
*
* neighbour field sum
* -x: (D / dx) * (+y X M)
* +x: (D / dx) * (-y X M)
* -y: (D / dy) * (-x X M)
* +y (D / dy) * (+x X M)
*
* So, our Dzyaloshinskii vectors can be depicted in a square lattice as
*
* o +y
* |
* --> D
* ^ |
* -x o __ | __ o __ | _ o +x
* | v
* <--
* |
* o -y
*
* If we start with this picture in the atomic model, we can get the
* continuum expression when doing the limit a_x a_y a_z --> 0
*
*/
/* Here we iterate through every mesh node */
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double sign;
double DMIc;
double * dmivector = malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
int idnm = 0; // Index for the magnetisation matrix
int idn = 6 * i; // index for the neighbours
/* Set a zero field for sites without magnetic material */
if (Ms_inv[i] == 0.0){
field[3 * i] = 0;
field[3 * i + 1] = 0;
field[3 * i + 2] = 0;
energy[i] = 0;
continue;
}
/* Here we iterate through the neighbours in the XY plane */
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
/* Remember that index=-1 is for sites without material */
if (ngbs[idn + j] >= 0) {
/* Since we are iterating through 4 NN neighbours, we
* set the sign for the DMI vector since, for example,
* in the x directions, (r_{ij} X z) = (0, +-1, 0)
* So, for j=1, 2 (i.e. x, -y) we use a negatiev sign
* (see the DMI vector details in the above documentation)
*/
if (j == 1 || j == 2){ sign = -1; }
else{ sign = 1; }
/* Now we set the vectors with the mesh spacing below only
* for in plane neighbours */
if (j == 0 || j == 1) {
DMIc = D[i] / dx;
dmivector[0] = 0, dmivector[1] = sign, dmivector[2] = 0;
}
else if (j == 2 || j == 3) {
DMIc = D[i] / dy;
dmivector[0] = sign, dmivector[1] = 0, dmivector[2] = 0;
}
/* Magnetisation array index of the neighbouring spin
* since ngbs gives the neighbour's index */
idnm = 3 * ngbs[idn + j];
/* Check that the magnetisation of the neighbouring spin
* is larger than zero */
if (Ms_inv[ngbs[idn + j]] > 0){
fx += DMIc * cross_x(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
fy += DMIc * cross_y(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
fz += DMIc * cross_z(dmivector[0], dmivector[1], dmivector[2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
}
}
/* Energy as: (-mu0 * Ms / 2) * [ H_dmi * m ] */
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * m[3 * i] + fy * m[3 * i + 1]
+ fz * m[3 * i + 2]);
/* Update the field H_dmi which has the same structure than *m */
field[3 * i] = fx * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
free(dmivector);
}
}
void dmi_field_bulk(double *m, double *field, double *energy, double *Ms_inv,
double *D, double dx, double dy, double dz,
int n, int *ngbs) {
/* In the atomic model, the effective field in the i-th spin site has the
* summation: D_{ij} x S_{ij}
*
* where j is the index of a NN neighbour and D_{ij} = D * r_{ij}, r_{ij}
* being the position vector connectin the site i with the site j
*
* In the continuum, the field can be written as : - nabla X M , which can
* be discretised with an expression similar to the atomic model one when
* doing the finite difference approximation of the derivative, thus we
* only need the DMI vector as: -D * r_{ij}
*
* So, in the loop through neighbours we compute:
*
* neighbour field sum this gives
* -x: (D / dx) * (+x X M) --> Components in y, z
* +x: (D / dx) * (-x X M) --> %
* -y: (D / dy) * (+y X M) --> Components in x, z
* +y: (D / dy) * (-y X M) --> %
* -z: (D / dz) * (+z X M) --> Components in x, y
* +z: (D / dz) * (-z X M) --> %
*
* which gives:
* field_x = (D / dx) * (mz[-x] - mz[+x])
* + (D / dz) * (mx[-z] - mx[+x])
* ...
*
* which are the first order derivatives.
*
* The DMI vector norms are given by the *D array. If our simulation has
* n mesh nodes, then the D array is (6 * n) long, i.e. the DMI vector norm
* per every neighbour per every mesh node. The order is the same than the NNs
* array, i.e.
*
* D = [D(x)_0, D(-x)_0, D(y)_0, D(-y)_0, D(z)_0, D(-z)_0, D(x)_1, ...]
*
* where D(j)_i means the DMI vector norm of the NN in the j-direction at
* the i-th mesh node. Remember that the DMI vector points in a single
* direction towards the NN site, e.g. the DMI vector of the NN in the
* +y direction for the 0th spin, is DMI_vector = D(y)_0 * (0, 1, 0)
*
* NOTE:
* To compute the DMI for other point groups we will have to find
* the vectors and how to discretise the derivative
*
*/
/* The DMI vector directions are the same according to the neighbours
* positions. Thus we set them here to avoid compute them
* every time in the loop . So, if we have the j-th NN,
* the DMI vector will be dmivector[3 * j] */
double dmivector[18] = {-1, 0, 0,
1, 0, 0,
0, -1, 0,
0, 1, 0,
0, 0, -1,
0, 0, 1
};
/* These are for the DMI prefactor or coefficient */
double dxs[6] = {dx, dx, dy, dy, dz, dz};
/* Here we iterate through every mesh node */
#pragma omp parallel for shared(dmivector, dxs)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double DMIc;
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
int idnm = 0; // Index for the magnetisation matrix
int idn = 6 * i; // index for the neighbours
/* Set a zero field for sites without magnetic material */
if (Ms_inv[i] == 0.0){
field[3 * i] = 0;
field[3 * i + 1] = 0;
field[3 * i + 2] = 0;
energy[i] = 0;
continue;
}
/* Here we iterate through the neighbours. Remember:
* j = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 --> -x, +x, -y, +y, -z, +z */
for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
/* Remember that index=-1 is for sites without material, so
* we skip those sites */
if (ngbs[idn + j] >= 0) {
/* Magnetisation array index of the neighbouring spin
* since ngbs gives the neighbour's index */
idnm = 3 * ngbs[idn + j];
/* Check that the magnetisation of the neighbouring spin
* is larger than zero */
if (Ms_inv[ngbs[idn + j]] > 0){
/* We do here: (D / dx_i) * ( r_{ij} X M_{j} )
* The cross_i function gives the i component of the
* cross product. The coefficient is computed according
* to the DMI strength of the current lattice site.
* For the denominator, for example, if j=2 or 3, then
* dxs[j] = dy
* The D vector is 6 * n which is specified for every neighbour
*/
DMIc = -D[idn + j] / dxs[j];
/* Compute only for DMI vectors largr than zero */
if (abs(DMIc) > 0) {
/* The x component of the cross product of +-x
* times anything is zero (similar for the other comps) */
if (j != 0 && j != 1) {
fx += DMIc * cross_x(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
if (j != 2 && j != 3) {
fy += DMIc * cross_y(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
if (j != 4 && j != 5) {
fz += DMIc * cross_z(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
}
}
}
}
/* Energy as: (-mu0 * Ms / 2) * [ H_dmi * m ] */
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * m[3 * i] + fy * m[3 * i + 1]
+ fz * m[3 * i + 2]);
/* Update the field H_dmi which has the same structure than *m */
field[3 * i] = fx * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
}
}
void dmi_field_interfacial(double *m, double *field, double *energy, double *Ms_inv,
double *D, double dx, double dy, double dz,
int n, int *ngbs) {
/* In the atomic model, the effective field in the i-th spin site has the
* summation: D_{ij} x S_{ij}
*
* For the Interfacial DMI, D_{ij} has the structure: D_{ij} = r_{ij} X z
* See Rohart et al. Phys. Rev. B 88, 184422)
*
* but [Yang et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 267210] uses the opposite sign (?)
*
* so the Dzyaloshinskii vectors are IN plane. This function only works
* along the XY plane since we assume there is a non magnetic material below
* with a different SOC which gives the DMI for neighbouring in plane spins
*
* The computation is similar than before, only that we no longer have
* a z component. In the continuum the H_dmi field is:
* H_dmi = (2 * D / (Ms a a_z)) * ( x X dM/dy - y X dM/dx )
* where "a" is the lattice spacing in the plane and "a_z" the system
* thickness along z
* This derivative can be obtained doing the cross product
* as in the atomic model, hence when going through the neighbours
* loop, we can obtain the field doing the following cross products:
*
* neighbour field sum
* -x: (D / dx) * (+y X M)
* +x: (D / dx) * (-y X M)
* -y: (D / dy) * (-x X M)
* +y (D / dy) * (+x X M)
*
* So, our Dzyaloshinskii vectors can be depicted in a square lattice as
*
* o +y
* |
* --> D
* ^ |
* -x o __ | __ o __ | _ o +x
* | v
* <--
* |
* o -y
*
* If we start with this picture in the atomic model, we can get the
* continuum expression when doing the limit a_x a_y a_z --> 0
*
* The DMI vector norms are given by the *D array. If our simulation has
* n mesh nodes, then the D array is (4 * n) long, i.e. the DMI vector norm
* per every neighbour per every mesh node. The order is the same than the NNs
* array, i.e.
*
* D = [D(x)_0, D(-x)_0, D(y)_0, D(-y)_0, D(x)_1, ...]
*
* where D(j)_i means the DMI vector norm of the NN in the j-direction at
* the i-th mesh node. Remember that the DMI vector points in a single
* direction towards the NN site, e.g. the DMI vector of the NN in the
* +y direction for the 0th spin, is DMI_vector = D(y)_0 * (0, 1, 0)
*/
/* We set the DMi vectors here. For the j-th NN, the DMI
* vector starts at dmivector[3 * j]
* (NNs are in the order: -x, +x, -y, +y)
* For interfacial DMI we only compute the DMI in 2D
* */
double dmivector[12] = { 0, 1, 0,
0, -1, 0,
-1, 0, 0,
1, 0, 0,
};
double dxs[4] = {dx, dx, dy, dy};
/* Here we iterate through every mesh node */
#pragma omp parallel for shared(dmivector, dxs)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
double sign;
double DMIc;
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
int idnm = 0; // Index for the magnetisation matrix
int idn = 6 * i; // index for the neighbours
int idn_DMI = 4 * i; // index for the neighbours for the DMI array
/* Set a zero field for sites without magnetic material */
if (Ms_inv[i] == 0.0){
field[3 * i] = 0;
field[3 * i + 1] = 0;
field[3 * i + 2] = 0;
energy[i] = 0;
continue;
}
/* Here we iterate through the neighbours in the XY plane */
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
/* Remember that index=-1 is for sites without material */
if (ngbs[idn + j] >= 0) {
/* DMI coefficient according to the neighbour position */
DMIc = D[idn_DMI + j] / dxs[j];
/* Magnetisation array index of the neighbouring spin
* since ngbs gives the neighbour's index */
idnm = 3 * ngbs[idn + j];
/* Check that the magnetisation of the neighbouring spin
* is larger than zero, as well as the DMI coefficient */
if (Ms_inv[ngbs[idn + j]] > 0 && abs(DMIc) > 0) {
fx += DMIc * cross_x(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
fy += DMIc * cross_y(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
fz += DMIc * cross_z(dmivector[3 * j],
dmivector[3 * j + 1],
dmivector[3 * j + 2],
m[idnm], m[idnm + 1], m[idnm + 2]);
}
}
}
/* Energy as: (-mu0 * Ms / 2) * [ H_dmi * m ] */
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * m[3 * i] + fy * m[3 * i + 1]
+ fz * m[3 * i + 2]);
/* Update the field H_dmi which has the same structure than *m */
field[3 * i] = fx * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz * Ms_inv[i] * MU0_INV;
}
}
void dmi_field_bulk(double *spin, double *field,
double *energy, double D, int *ngbs, int nxyz) {
/* Bulk DMI field and energy computation
*
* ngbs[] contains the *indexes* of the neighbours
* in the following order:
* -x, +x, -y, +y, -z, +z
*
* for every spin. It is -1 for boundaries.
* The array is like:
* | 0-x, 0+x, 0-y, 0+y, 0-z, 0+z, 1-x, 1+x, 1-y, ... |
* i=0 i=1 ...
*
* where 0-y is the index of the neighbour of the 0th spin,
* in the -y direction, for example
*
* Thus, for every neighbour ( ngbs[i + j], j=0,1,...5 )
* we compute the field contribution.
*
* The value of ngbs[] at sites with Ms = 0, is negative
*
* The ngbs array also gives the correct indexes for the spins
* at periodic boundaries
*
* The Bulk DMI Dzyaloshinskii vectors are in the same direction than the
* r_ij vectors which connect two neighbouring sites, pointing from the
* lattice site *i* towards *j*
*
* The bulk DMI is defined in 3 dimensions
*
* Then the DMI field is computed as :
*
* Sum_j ( D_ij X S_j ) = Sum_j ( r_ij X S_j )
*
* for every spin *i*
*
* --- Check this: can we use a SC lattice for this bulk DMI expression?
* Since, for example, MnSi crystal structure is more complex
*/
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int i = 0; i < nxyz; i++) {
int id = 0;
int idv = 6 * i; // index for the neighbours
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
if (ngbs[idv]>=0) { // neighbour at x-1
id = 3*ngbs[idv];
fx += D*cross_x(-1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(-1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(-1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
if (ngbs[idv+1]>=0) { // neighbour x+1
id = 3*ngbs[idv+1];
fx += D*cross_x(1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(1,0,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
if (ngbs[idv+2]>=0) { // neighbour at y-1
id = 3*ngbs[idv+2];
fx += D*cross_x(0,-1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(0,-1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(0,-1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
if (ngbs[idv+3]>=0) { // neighbour at y+1
id = 3*ngbs[idv+3];
fx += D*cross_x(0,1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(0,1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(0,1,0,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
if (ngbs[idv+4]>=0) { // neighbour at z-1
id = 3*ngbs[idv+4];
fx += D*cross_x(0,0,-1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(0,0,-1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(0,0,-1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
if (ngbs[idv+5]>=0) { // neighbour at z+1
id = 3*ngbs[idv+5];
fx += D*cross_x(0,0,1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fy += D*cross_y(0,0,1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
fz += D*cross_z(0,0,1,spin[id],spin[id+1],spin[id+2]);
}
field[3 * i] = fx;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz;
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * spin[3 * i] +
fy * spin[3 * i + 1] +
fz * spin[3 * i + 2]
);
}
}
void dmi_field_interfacial_atomistic(double *spin, double *field, double *energy,
double D, int *ngbs, int n, int nneighbours, double *DMI_vec) {
/* Interfacial DMI field and energy computation
*
* ngbs[] contains the *indexes* of the neighbours
* for different lattices. The number of neighbours is specified with the
* nneighbours integer
*
* For example, in a simple cubic (SC) lattice,
* the array is like:
* | 0-x, 0+x, 0-y, 0+y, 0-z, 0+z, 1-x, 1+x, 1-y, ... |
* i=0 i=1 ...
*
* where 0-y is the index of the neighbour of the 0th spin,
* in the -y direction, for example
*
* Thus, for every neighbour of the i-th spin ( ngbs[i + j], j=0,1,...5 )
* we compute the field contribution
* The value of ngbs[] at sites with Ms = 0, is negative (-1)
*
* The ngbs array also gives the correct indexes for the spins
* at periodic boundaries
*
* The Interfacial DMI needs the direction of the Dzyaloshinskii vectors,
* which are obtained as
*
* D_ij = r_ij X +z
*
* where r_ij is the vector connecting two neighbouring sites.
* This vectors are computed in Python and passed here as the DMI_vec array,
* whose entries are according to the neighbours matrix order, i.e.
* the (DMI_vec[3 * j], DMI_vec[3 * j + 1], DMI_vec[3 * j + 2]) vector
* are the Dij vector components between the i-th site and the j-th neighbour
* (we assume the vectors are the same between NNs for every lattice site)
*
*
* For instance, in a SC 2D lattice, the X -th spin has the DMI vectors:
* [ lattice site X, neighbours O ]
*
* O
* .
* ---> D_ij
* .
* ^ . ^ y
* O . | . . X . . | . O |
* . v |---> x
* .
* <---
* .
* O
*
* so DMI_vec = {0, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0}
* NN: j=0 j=1 j=2 j=3
*
* This DMI is only defined in two dimensions--> interfaces, thin films
* Then the DMI field is computed as : Sum_j ( D_ij X S_j )
* for every spin *i*
*
* In a hexagonal lattice we have 6 neighbours
*
* We assume a constant DMI vector magnitude
*/
#pragma omp parallel for
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int idn = 6 * i; // index for the NNs
int idnm = 0; // index for the magnetisation components of the NNs
double fx = 0, fy = 0, fz = 0;
/* Now we compute the field contribution from every neighbour */
for(int j = 0; j < nneighbours; j++){
/* Check that Ms != 0 */
if (ngbs[idn + j] >= 0) {
/* Now we add the field contribution of the j-th
* neighbour for the i-th spin: D_ij X S_j */
idnm = 3 * ngbs[idn + j]; // Magnetisation component index of the j-th NN
fx += D * cross_x(DMI_vec[3 * j], DMI_vec[3 * j + 1], DMI_vec[3 * j + 2],
spin[idnm], spin[idnm + 1], spin[idnm + 2]);
fy += D * cross_y(DMI_vec[3 * j], DMI_vec[3 * j + 1], DMI_vec[3 * j + 2],
spin[idnm], spin[idnm + 1], spin[idnm + 2]);
fz += D * cross_z(DMI_vec[3 * j], DMI_vec[3 * j + 1], DMI_vec[3 * j + 2],
spin[idnm], spin[idnm + 1], spin[idnm + 2]);
}
}
field[3 * i] = fx;
field[3 * i + 1] = fy;
field[3 * i + 2] = fz;
// TODO: check whether the energy is correct or not.
/* Avoid second counting with 1/2 */
energy[i] = -0.5 * (fx * spin[3 * i] +
fy * spin[3 * i + 1]+
fz * spin[3 * i + 2]
);
}
}
