/* try asymptotic expansion when x is large and negative:
Li2(x) = -log(-x)^2/2 - Pi^2/6 - 1/x + O(1/x^2).
More precisely for x <= -2 we have for g(x) = -log(-x)^2/2 - Pi^2/6:
|Li2(x) - g(x)| <= 1/|x|.
Assumes x <= -7, which ensures |log(-x)^2/2| >= Pi^2/6, and g(x) <= -3.5.
Return 0 if asymptotic expansion failed (unable to round), otherwise
returns correct ternary value.
*/
static int
mpfr_li2_asympt_neg (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_t g, h;
mp_prec_t w = MPFR_PREC (y) + 20;
int inex = 0;
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_cmp_si (x, -7) <= 0);
mpfr_init2 (g, w);
mpfr_init2 (h, w);
mpfr_neg (g, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (g, g, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta) - 1| */
mpfr_sqr (g, g, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta)^3 - 1| <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_div_2ui (g, g, 1, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_const_pi (h, GMP_RNDN); /* error <= 2^(1-w) */
mpfr_sqr (h, h, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_div_ui (h, h, 6, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta)^4 - 1|
<= 5 * 2^(-w) */
MPFR_ASSERTN (MPFR_EXP (g) >= MPFR_EXP (h));
mpfr_add (g, g, h, GMP_RNDN); /* err <= ulp(g)/2 + g*2^(2-w) + g*5*2^(-w)
<= ulp(g) * (1/2 + 4 + 5) < 10 ulp(g).
If in addition |1/x| <= 4 ulp(g), then the
total error is bounded by 16 ulp(g). */
if ((MPFR_EXP (x) >= (mp_exp_t) (w - 2) - MPFR_EXP (g)) &&
MPFR_CAN_ROUND (g, w - 4, MPFR_PREC (y), rnd_mode))
inex = mpfr_neg (y, g, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (g);
mpfr_clear (h);
return inex;
}
static void
test_grandom (long nbtests, mpfr_prec_t prec, mpfr_rnd_t rnd,
int verbose)
{
mpfr_t *t;
mpfr_t av, va, tmp;
int i, inexact;
nbtests = (nbtests & 1) ? (nbtests + 1) : nbtests;
t = (mpfr_t *) tests_allocate (nbtests * sizeof (mpfr_t));
for (i = 0; i < nbtests; ++i)
mpfr_init2 (t[i], prec);
for (i = 0; i < nbtests; i += 2)
{
inexact = mpfr_grandom (t[i], t[i + 1], RANDS, MPFR_RNDN);
if ((inexact & 3) == 0 || (inexact & (3 << 2)) == 0)
{
/* one call in the loop pretended to return an exact number! */
printf ("Error: mpfr_grandom() returns a zero ternary value.\n");
exit (1);
}
}
#ifdef HAVE_STDARG
if (verbose)
{
mpfr_init2 (av, prec);
mpfr_init2 (va, prec);
mpfr_init2 (tmp, prec);
mpfr_set_ui (av, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_set_ui (va, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
for (i = 0; i < nbtests; ++i)
{
mpfr_add (av, av, t[i], MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqr (tmp, t[i], MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_add (va, va, tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
}
mpfr_div_ui (av, av, nbtests, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (va, va, nbtests, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqr (tmp, av, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sub (va, va, av, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_printf ("Average = %.5Rf\nVariance = %.5Rf\n", av, va);
mpfr_clear (av);
mpfr_clear (va);
mpfr_clear (tmp);
}
#endif /* HAVE_STDARG */
for (i = 0; i < nbtests; ++i)
mpfr_clear (t[i]);
tests_free (t, nbtests * sizeof (mpfr_t));
return;
}
/* the rounding mode is mpfr_rnd_t here since we return an mpfr number */
int
mpc_norm (mpfr_ptr a, mpc_srcptr b, mpfr_rnd_t rnd)
{
mpfr_t u, v;
mp_prec_t prec;
int inexact, overflow;
prec = MPFR_PREC(a);
/* handling of special values; consistent with abs in that
norm = abs^2; so norm (+-inf, nan) = norm (nan, +-inf) = +inf */
if ( (mpfr_nan_p (MPC_RE (b)) || mpfr_nan_p (MPC_IM (b)))
|| (mpfr_inf_p (MPC_RE (b)) || mpfr_inf_p (MPC_IM (b))))
return mpc_abs (a, b, rnd);
mpfr_init (u);
mpfr_init (v);
if (!mpfr_zero_p(MPC_RE(b)) && !mpfr_zero_p(MPC_IM(b)) &&
2 * SAFE_ABS (mp_exp_t, MPFR_EXP (MPC_RE (b)) - MPFR_EXP (MPC_IM (b)))
> (mp_exp_t)prec)
/* If real and imaginary part have very different magnitudes, then the */
/* generic code increases the precision too much. Instead, compute the */
/* squarings _exactly_. */
{
mpfr_set_prec (u, 2 * MPFR_PREC (MPC_RE (b)));
mpfr_set_prec (v, 2 * MPFR_PREC (MPC_IM (b)));
mpfr_sqr (u, MPC_RE (b), GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_sqr (v, MPC_IM (b), GMP_RNDN);
inexact = mpfr_add (a, u, v, rnd);
}
else
{
do
{
prec += mpc_ceil_log2 (prec) + 3;
mpfr_set_prec (u, prec);
mpfr_set_prec (v, prec);
inexact = mpfr_sqr (u, MPC_RE(b), GMP_RNDN); /* err<=1/2ulp */
inexact |= mpfr_sqr (v, MPC_IM(b), GMP_RNDN); /* err<=1/2ulp*/
inexact |= mpfr_add (u, u, v, GMP_RNDN); /* err <= 3/2 ulps */
overflow = mpfr_inf_p (u);
}
while (!overflow && inexact &&
mpfr_can_round (u, prec - 2, GMP_RNDN, rnd, MPFR_PREC(a)) == 0);
inexact |= mpfr_set (a, u, rnd);
}
mpfr_clear (u);
mpfr_clear (v);
return inexact;
}
void Compute(gmp_randstate_t r) const {
// The algorithm is sample x and z from the exponential distribution; if
// (x-1)^2 < 2*z, return (random sign)*x; otherwise repeat. Probability
// of acceptance is sqrt(pi/2) * exp(-1/2) = 0.7602.
while (true) {
_edist(_x, r);
_edist(_z, r);
for (mp_size_t k = 1; ; ++k) {
_x.ExpandTo(r, k - 1);
_z.ExpandTo(r, k - 1);
mpfr_prec_t prec = std::max(mpfr_prec_t(MPFR_PREC_MIN), k * bits);
mpfr_set_prec(_xf, prec);
mpfr_set_prec(_zf, prec);
// Try for acceptance first; so compute upper limit on (y-1)^2 and
// lower limit on 2*z.
if (_x.UInteger() == 0) {
_x(_xf, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_ui_sub(_xf, 1u, _xf, MPFR_RNDU);
} else {
_x(_xf, MPFR_RNDU);
mpfr_sub_ui(_xf, _xf, 1u, MPFR_RNDU);
}
mpfr_sqr(_xf, _xf, MPFR_RNDU);
_z(_zf, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_mul_2ui(_zf, _zf, 1u, MPFR_RNDD);
if (mpfr_cmp(_xf, _zf) < 0) { // (y-1)^2 < 2*z, so accept
if (_x.Boolean(r)) _x.Negate(); // include a random sign
return;
}
// Try for rejection; so compute lower limit on (y-1)^2 and upper
// limit on 2*z.
if (_x.UInteger() == 0) {
_x(_xf, MPFR_RNDU);
mpfr_ui_sub(_xf, 1u, _xf, MPFR_RNDD);
} else {
_x(_xf, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_sub_ui(_xf, _xf, 1u, MPFR_RNDD);
}
mpfr_sqr(_xf, _xf, MPFR_RNDD);
_z(_zf, MPFR_RNDU);
mpfr_mul_2ui(_zf, _zf, 1u, MPFR_RNDU);
if (mpfr_cmp(_xf, _zf) > 0) // (y-1)^2 > 2*z, so reject
break;
// Otherwise repeat with more precision
}
// Reject and start over with a new y and z
}
}
SeedValue seed_mpfr_sqr (SeedContext ctx,
SeedObject function,
SeedObject this_object,
gsize argument_count,
const SeedValue args[],
SeedException *exception)
{
mpfr_rnd_t rnd;
mpfr_ptr rop, op;
gint ret;
CHECK_ARG_COUNT("mpfr.sqr", 2);
rop = seed_object_get_private(this_object);
rnd = seed_value_to_mpfr_rnd_t(ctx, args[1], exception);
if ( seed_value_is_object_of_class(ctx, args[0], mpfr_class) )
{
op = seed_object_get_private(args[0]);
}
else
{
TYPE_EXCEPTION("mpfr.sqr", "mpfr_t");
}
ret = mpfr_sqr(rop, op, rnd);
return seed_value_from_int(ctx, ret, exception);
}
/* try asymptotic expansion when x is large and positive:
Li2(x) = -log(x)^2/2 + Pi^2/3 - 1/x + O(1/x^2).
More precisely for x >= 2 we have for g(x) = -log(x)^2/2 + Pi^2/3:
-2 <= x * (Li2(x) - g(x)) <= -1
thus |Li2(x) - g(x)| <= 2/x.
Assumes x >= 38, which ensures log(x)^2/2 >= 2*Pi^2/3, and g(x) <= -3.3.
Return 0 if asymptotic expansion failed (unable to round), otherwise
returns correct ternary value.
*/
static int
mpfr_li2_asympt_pos (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_t g, h;
mp_prec_t w = MPFR_PREC (y) + 20;
int inex = 0;
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 38) >= 0);
mpfr_init2 (g, w);
mpfr_init2 (h, w);
mpfr_log (g, x, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta) - 1| */
mpfr_sqr (g, g, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta)^3 - 1| <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_div_2ui (g, g, 1, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_const_pi (h, GMP_RNDN); /* error <= 2^(1-w) */
mpfr_sqr (h, h, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= 2^(2-w) */
mpfr_div_ui (h, h, 3, GMP_RNDN); /* rel. error <= |(1 + theta)^4 - 1|
<= 5 * 2^(-w) */
/* since x is chosen such that log(x)^2/2 >= 2 * (Pi^2/3), we should have
g >= 2*h, thus |g-h| >= |h|, and the relative error on g is at most
multiplied by 2 in the difference, and that by h is unchanged. */
MPFR_ASSERTN (MPFR_EXP (g) > MPFR_EXP (h));
mpfr_sub (g, h, g, GMP_RNDN); /* err <= ulp(g)/2 + g*2^(3-w) + g*5*2^(-w)
<= ulp(g) * (1/2 + 8 + 5) < 14 ulp(g).
If in addition 2/x <= 2 ulp(g), i.e.,
1/x <= ulp(g), then the total error is
bounded by 16 ulp(g). */
if ((MPFR_EXP (x) >= (mp_exp_t) w - MPFR_EXP (g)) &&
MPFR_CAN_ROUND (g, w - 4, MPFR_PREC (y), rnd_mode))
inex = mpfr_set (y, g, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (g);
mpfr_clear (h);
return inex;
}
static void
check_special (void)
{
mpfr_t x, y;
mpfr_exp_t emin;
mpfr_init (x);
mpfr_init (y);
mpfr_set_nan (x);
mpfr_sqr (y, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_nan_p (y));
mpfr_set_inf (x, 1);
mpfr_sqr (y, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_inf_p (y) && mpfr_sgn (y) > 0);
mpfr_set_inf (x, -1);
mpfr_sqr (y, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_inf_p (y) && mpfr_sgn (y) > 0);
mpfr_set_ui (x, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqr (y, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_zero_p (y));
emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
mpfr_set_emin (0);
mpfr_set_ui (x, 1, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (x, x, 1, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (!mpfr_zero_p (x));
mpfr_sqr (y, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTN (mpfr_zero_p (y));
mpfr_set_emin (emin);
mpfr_clear (y);
mpfr_clear (x);
}
/* return add = 1 + floor(log(c^3*(13+m1))/log(2))
where c = (1+eps)*(1+eps*max(8,m1)),
m1 = 1 + max(1/eps,2*sd)*(1+eps),
eps = 2^(-precz-14)
sd = abs(s-1)
*/
static long
compute_add (mpfr_srcptr s, mpfr_prec_t precz)
{
mpfr_t t, u, m1;
long add;
mpfr_inits2 (64, t, u, m1, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
if (mpfr_cmp_ui (s, 1) >= 0)
mpfr_sub_ui (t, s, 1, MPFR_RNDU);
else
mpfr_ui_sub (t, 1, s, MPFR_RNDU);
/* now t = sd = abs(s-1), rounded up */
mpfr_set_ui_2exp (u, 1, - precz - 14, MPFR_RNDU);
/* u = eps */
/* since 1/eps = 2^(precz+14), if EXP(sd) >= precz+14, then
sd >= 1/2*2^(precz+14) thus 2*sd >= 2^(precz+14) >= 1/eps */
if (mpfr_get_exp (t) >= precz + 14)
mpfr_mul_2exp (t, t, 1, MPFR_RNDU);
else
mpfr_set_ui_2exp (t, 1, precz + 14, MPFR_RNDU);
/* now t = max(1/eps,2*sd) */
mpfr_add_ui (u, u, 1, MPFR_RNDU); /* u = 1+eps, rounded up */
mpfr_mul (t, t, u, MPFR_RNDU); /* t = max(1/eps,2*sd)*(1+eps) */
mpfr_add_ui (m1, t, 1, MPFR_RNDU);
if (mpfr_get_exp (m1) <= 3)
mpfr_set_ui (t, 8, MPFR_RNDU);
else
mpfr_set (t, m1, MPFR_RNDU);
/* now t = max(8,m1) */
mpfr_div_2exp (t, t, precz + 14, MPFR_RNDU); /* eps*max(8,m1) */
mpfr_add_ui (t, t, 1, MPFR_RNDU); /* 1+eps*max(8,m1) */
mpfr_mul (t, t, u, MPFR_RNDU); /* t = c */
mpfr_add_ui (u, m1, 13, MPFR_RNDU); /* 13+m1 */
mpfr_mul (u, u, t, MPFR_RNDU); /* c*(13+m1) */
mpfr_sqr (t, t, MPFR_RNDU); /* c^2 */
mpfr_mul (u, u, t, MPFR_RNDU); /* c^3*(13+m1) */
add = mpfr_get_exp (u);
mpfr_clears (t, u, m1, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
return add;
}
static void
check_random (mpfr_prec_t p)
{
mpfr_t x,y,z;
int r;
int i, inexact1, inexact2;
mpfr_inits2 (p, x, y, z, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
for(i = 0 ; i < 500 ; i++)
{
mpfr_urandomb (x, RANDS);
if (MPFR_IS_PURE_FP(x))
for (r = 0 ; r < MPFR_RND_MAX ; r++)
{
inexact1 = mpfr_mul (y, x, x, (mpfr_rnd_t) r);
inexact2 = mpfr_sqr (z, x, (mpfr_rnd_t) r);
if (mpfr_cmp (y, z))
error1 ((mpfr_rnd_t) r,p,x,y,z);
if (inexact_sign (inexact1) != inexact_sign (inexact2))
error2 ((mpfr_rnd_t) r,p,x,y,inexact1,inexact2);
}
}
mpfr_clears (x, y, z, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
}
/* (y, z) <- (sin(x), cos(x)), return value is 0 iff both results are exact
ie, iff x = 0 */
int
mpfr_sin_cos (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_ptr z, mpfr_srcptr x, mp_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mp_prec_t prec, m;
int neg, reduce;
mpfr_t c, xr;
mpfr_srcptr xx;
mp_exp_t err, expx;
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (x)))
{
if (MPFR_IS_NAN(x) || MPFR_IS_INF(x))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN (y);
MPFR_SET_NAN (z);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else /* x is zero */
{
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (x));
MPFR_SET_ZERO (y);
MPFR_SET_SAME_SIGN (y, x);
/* y = 0, thus exact, but z is inexact in case of underflow
or overflow */
return mpfr_set_ui (z, 1, rnd_mode);
}
}
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (("x[%#R]=%R rnd=%d", x, x, rnd_mode),
("sin[%#R]=%R cos[%#R]=%R", y, y, z, z));
prec = MAX (MPFR_PREC (y), MPFR_PREC (z));
m = prec + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (prec) + 13;
expx = MPFR_GET_EXP (x);
mpfr_init (c);
mpfr_init (xr);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
/* the following is copied from sin.c */
if (expx >= 2) /* reduce the argument */
{
reduce = 1;
mpfr_set_prec (c, expx + m - 1);
mpfr_set_prec (xr, m);
mpfr_const_pi (c, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_mul_2ui (c, c, 1, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_remainder (xr, x, c, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (c, c, 1, GMP_RNDN);
if (MPFR_SIGN (xr) > 0)
mpfr_sub (c, c, xr, GMP_RNDZ);
else
mpfr_add (c, c, xr, GMP_RNDZ);
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO(xr) || MPFR_EXP(xr) < (mp_exp_t) 3 - (mp_exp_t) m
|| MPFR_EXP(c) < (mp_exp_t) 3 - (mp_exp_t) m)
goto next_step;
xx = xr;
}
else /* the input argument is already reduced */
{
reduce = 0;
xx = x;
}
neg = MPFR_IS_NEG (xx); /* gives sign of sin(x) */
mpfr_set_prec (c, m);
mpfr_cos (c, xx, GMP_RNDZ);
/* If no argument reduction was performed, the error is at most ulp(c),
otherwise it is at most ulp(c) + 2^(2-m). Since |c| < 1, we have
ulp(c) <= 2^(-m), thus the error is bounded by 2^(3-m) in that later
case. */
if (reduce == 0)
err = m;
else
err = MPFR_GET_EXP (c) + (mp_exp_t) (m - 3);
if (!mpfr_can_round (c, err, GMP_RNDN, rnd_mode,
MPFR_PREC (z) + (rnd_mode == GMP_RNDN)))
goto next_step;
mpfr_set (z, c, rnd_mode);
mpfr_sqr (c, c, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_ui_sub (c, 1, c, GMP_RNDN);
err = 2 + (- MPFR_GET_EXP (c)) / 2;
mpfr_sqrt (c, c, GMP_RNDN);
if (neg)
MPFR_CHANGE_SIGN (c);
/* the absolute error on c is at most 2^(err-m), which we must put
in the form 2^(EXP(c)-err). If there was an argument reduction,
we need to add 2^(2-m); since err >= 2, the error is bounded by
2^(err+1-m) in that case. */
err = MPFR_GET_EXP (c) + (mp_exp_t) m - (err + reduce);
if (mpfr_can_round (c, err, GMP_RNDN, rnd_mode,
MPFR_PREC (y) + (rnd_mode == GMP_RNDN)))
break;
/* check for huge cancellation */
if (err < (mp_exp_t) MPFR_PREC (y))
m += MPFR_PREC (y) - err;
/* Check if near 1 */
if (MPFR_GET_EXP (c) == 1
&& MPFR_MANT (c)[MPFR_LIMB_SIZE (c)-1] == MPFR_LIMB_HIGHBIT)
m += m;
next_step:
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (c, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
mpfr_set (y, c, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (c);
mpfr_clear (xr);
MPFR_RET (1); /* Always inexact */
}
/* agm(x,y) is between x and y, so we don't need to save exponent range */
int
mpfr_agm (mpfr_ptr r, mpfr_srcptr op2, mpfr_srcptr op1, mp_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
int compare, inexact;
mp_size_t s;
mp_prec_t p, q;
mp_limb_t *up, *vp, *tmpp;
mpfr_t u, v, tmp;
unsigned long n; /* number of iterations */
unsigned long err = 0;
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
MPFR_TMP_DECL(marker);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (("op2[%#R]=%R op1[%#R]=%R rnd=%d", op2,op2,op1,op1,rnd_mode),
("r[%#R]=%R inexact=%d", r, r, inexact));
/* Deal with special values */
if (MPFR_ARE_SINGULAR (op1, op2))
{
/* If a or b is NaN, the result is NaN */
if (MPFR_IS_NAN(op1) || MPFR_IS_NAN(op2))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN(r);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
/* now one of a or b is Inf or 0 */
/* If a and b is +Inf, the result is +Inf.
Otherwise if a or b is -Inf or 0, the result is NaN */
else if (MPFR_IS_INF(op1) || MPFR_IS_INF(op2))
{
if (MPFR_IS_STRICTPOS(op1) && MPFR_IS_STRICTPOS(op2))
{
MPFR_SET_INF(r);
MPFR_SET_SAME_SIGN(r, op1);
MPFR_RET(0); /* exact */
}
else
{
MPFR_SET_NAN(r);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
}
else /* a and b are neither NaN nor Inf, and one is zero */
{ /* If a or b is 0, the result is +0 since a sqrt is positive */
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (op1) || MPFR_IS_ZERO (op2));
MPFR_SET_POS (r);
MPFR_SET_ZERO (r);
MPFR_RET (0); /* exact */
}
}
MPFR_CLEAR_FLAGS (r);
/* If a or b is negative (excluding -Infinity), the result is NaN */
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY(MPFR_IS_NEG(op1) || MPFR_IS_NEG(op2)))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN(r);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
/* Precision of the following calculus */
q = MPFR_PREC(r);
p = q + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2(q) + 15;
MPFR_ASSERTD (p >= 7); /* see algorithms.tex */
s = (p - 1) / BITS_PER_MP_LIMB + 1;
/* b (op2) and a (op1) are the 2 operands but we want b >= a */
compare = mpfr_cmp (op1, op2);
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY( compare == 0 ))
{
mpfr_set (r, op1, rnd_mode);
MPFR_RET (0); /* exact */
}
else if (compare > 0)
{
mpfr_srcptr t = op1;
op1 = op2;
op2 = t;
}
/* Now b(=op2) >= a (=op1) */
MPFR_TMP_MARK(marker);
/* Main loop */
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, p);
for (;;)
{
mp_prec_t eq;
/* Init temporary vars */
MPFR_TMP_INIT (up, u, p, s);
MPFR_TMP_INIT (vp, v, p, s);
MPFR_TMP_INIT (tmpp, tmp, p, s);
/* Calculus of un and vn */
mpfr_mul (u, op1, op2, GMP_RNDN); /* Faster since PREC(op) < PREC(u) */
mpfr_sqrt (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_add (v, op1, op2, GMP_RNDN); /* add with !=prec is still good*/
mpfr_div_2ui (v, v, 1, GMP_RNDN);
n = 1;
while (mpfr_cmp2 (u, v, &eq) != 0 && eq <= p - 2)
{
mpfr_add (tmp, u, v, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (tmp, tmp, 1, GMP_RNDN);
/* See proof in algorithms.tex */
if (4*eq > p)
{
mpfr_t w;
/* tmp = U(k) */
mpfr_init2 (w, (p + 1) / 2);
mpfr_sub (w, v, u, GMP_RNDN); /* e = V(k-1)-U(k-1) */
mpfr_sqr (w, w, GMP_RNDN); /* e = e^2 */
mpfr_div_2ui (w, w, 4, GMP_RNDN); /* e*= (1/2)^2*1/4 */
mpfr_div (w, w, tmp, GMP_RNDN); /* 1/4*e^2/U(k) */
mpfr_sub (v, tmp, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = MPFR_GET_EXP (tmp) - MPFR_GET_EXP (v); /* 0 or 1 */
mpfr_clear (w);
break;
}
mpfr_mul (u, u, v, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_sqrt (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_swap (v, tmp);
n ++;
}
/* the error on v is bounded by (18n+51) ulps, or twice if there
was an exponent loss in the final subtraction */
err += MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2(18 * n + 51); /* 18n+51 should not overflow
since n is about log(p) */
/* we should have n+2 <= 2^(p/4) [see algorithms.tex] */
if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2(n + 2) <= p / 4 &&
MPFR_CAN_ROUND (v, p - err, q, rnd_mode)))
break; /* Stop the loop */
/* Next iteration */
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, p);
s = (p - 1) / BITS_PER_MP_LIMB + 1;
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
/* Setting of the result */
inexact = mpfr_set (r, v, rnd_mode);
/* Let's clean */
MPFR_TMP_FREE(marker);
return inexact; /* agm(u,v) can be exact for u, v rational only for u=v.
Proof (due to Nicolas Brisebarre): it suffices to consider
u=1 and v<1. Then 1/AGM(1,v) = 2F1(1/2,1/2,1;1-v^2),
and a theorem due to G.V. Chudnovsky states that for x a
non-zero algebraic number with |x|<1, then
2F1(1/2,1/2,1;x) and 2F1(-1/2,1/2,1;x) are algebraically
independent over Q. */
}
int
mpfr_exp_3 (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_srcptr x, mp_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_t t, x_copy, tmp;
mpz_t uk;
mp_exp_t ttt, shift_x;
unsigned long twopoweri;
mpz_t *P;
mp_prec_t *mult;
int i, k, loop;
int prec_x;
mp_prec_t realprec, Prec;
int iter;
int inexact = 0;
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo);
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (ziv_loop);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (("x[%#R]=%R rnd=%d", x, x, rnd_mode),
("y[%#R]=%R inexact=%d", y, y, inexact));
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
/* decompose x */
/* we first write x = 1.xxxxxxxxxxxxx
----- k bits -- */
prec_x = MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (MPFR_PREC (x)) - MPFR_LOG2_BITS_PER_MP_LIMB;
if (prec_x < 0)
prec_x = 0;
ttt = MPFR_GET_EXP (x);
mpfr_init2 (x_copy, MPFR_PREC(x));
mpfr_set (x_copy, x, GMP_RNDD);
/* we shift to get a number less than 1 */
if (ttt > 0)
{
shift_x = ttt;
mpfr_div_2ui (x_copy, x, ttt, GMP_RNDN);
ttt = MPFR_GET_EXP (x_copy);
}
else
shift_x = 0;
MPFR_ASSERTD (ttt <= 0);
/* Init prec and vars */
realprec = MPFR_PREC (y) + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (prec_x + MPFR_PREC (y));
Prec = realprec + shift + 2 + shift_x;
mpfr_init2 (t, Prec);
mpfr_init2 (tmp, Prec);
mpz_init (uk);
/* Main loop */
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (ziv_loop, realprec);
for (;;)
{
int scaled = 0;
MPFR_BLOCK_DECL (flags);
k = MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (Prec) - MPFR_LOG2_BITS_PER_MP_LIMB;
/* now we have to extract */
twopoweri = BITS_PER_MP_LIMB;
/* Allocate tables */
P = (mpz_t*) (*__gmp_allocate_func) (3*(k+2)*sizeof(mpz_t));
for (i = 0; i < 3*(k+2); i++)
mpz_init (P[i]);
mult = (mp_prec_t*) (*__gmp_allocate_func) (2*(k+2)*sizeof(mp_prec_t));
/* Particular case for i==0 */
mpfr_extract (uk, x_copy, 0);
MPFR_ASSERTD (mpz_cmp_ui (uk, 0) != 0);
mpfr_exp_rational (tmp, uk, shift + twopoweri - ttt, k + 1, P, mult);
for (loop = 0; loop < shift; loop++)
mpfr_sqr (tmp, tmp, GMP_RNDD);
twopoweri *= 2;
/* General case */
iter = (k <= prec_x) ? k : prec_x;
for (i = 1; i <= iter; i++)
{
mpfr_extract (uk, x_copy, i);
if (MPFR_LIKELY (mpz_cmp_ui (uk, 0) != 0))
{
mpfr_exp_rational (t, uk, twopoweri - ttt, k - i + 1, P, mult);
mpfr_mul (tmp, tmp, t, GMP_RNDD);
}
MPFR_ASSERTN (twopoweri <= LONG_MAX/2);
twopoweri *=2;
}
/* Clear tables */
for (i = 0; i < 3*(k+2); i++)
mpz_clear (P[i]);
(*__gmp_free_func) (P, 3*(k+2)*sizeof(mpz_t));
(*__gmp_free_func) (mult, 2*(k+2)*sizeof(mp_prec_t));
if (shift_x > 0)
{
MPFR_BLOCK (flags, {
for (loop = 0; loop < shift_x - 1; loop++)
mpfr_sqr (tmp, tmp, GMP_RNDD);
mpfr_sqr (t, tmp, GMP_RNDD);
} );
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_OVERFLOW (flags)))
{
/* tmp <= exact result, so that it is a real overflow. */
inexact = mpfr_overflow (y, rnd_mode, 1);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_UPDATE_FLAGS (expo, MPFR_FLAGS_OVERFLOW);
break;
}
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_UNDERFLOW (flags)))
{
/* This may be a spurious underflow. So, let's scale
the result. */
mpfr_mul_2ui (tmp, tmp, 1, GMP_RNDD); /* no overflow, exact */
mpfr_sqr (t, tmp, GMP_RNDD);
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO (t))
{
/* approximate result < 2^(emin - 3), thus
exact result < 2^(emin - 2). */
inexact = mpfr_underflow (y, (rnd_mode == GMP_RNDN) ?
GMP_RNDZ : rnd_mode, 1);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_UPDATE_FLAGS (expo, MPFR_FLAGS_UNDERFLOW);
break;
}
scaled = 1;
}
}
int
mpfr_asin (mpfr_ptr asin, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_t xp;
int compared, inexact;
mpfr_prec_t prec;
mpfr_exp_t xp_exp;
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo);
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (
("x[%Pu]=%.*Rg rnd=%d", mpfr_get_prec (x), mpfr_log_prec, x, rnd_mode),
("asin[%Pu]=%.*Rg inexact=%d", mpfr_get_prec (asin), mpfr_log_prec, asin,
inexact));
/* Special cases */
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (x)))
{
if (MPFR_IS_NAN (x) || MPFR_IS_INF (x))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN (asin);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else /* x = 0 */
{
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (x));
MPFR_SET_ZERO (asin);
MPFR_SET_SAME_SIGN (asin, x);
MPFR_RET (0); /* exact result */
}
}
/* asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + ... so the error is < 2^(3*EXP(x)-2) */
MPFR_FAST_COMPUTE_IF_SMALL_INPUT (asin, x, -2 * MPFR_GET_EXP (x), 2, 1,
rnd_mode, {});
/* Set x_p=|x| (x is a normal number) */
mpfr_init2 (xp, MPFR_PREC (x));
inexact = mpfr_abs (xp, x, MPFR_RNDN);
MPFR_ASSERTD (inexact == 0);
compared = mpfr_cmp_ui (xp, 1);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (compared >= 0))
{
mpfr_clear (xp);
if (compared > 0) /* asin(x) = NaN for |x| > 1 */
{
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
MPFR_SET_NAN (asin);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else /* x = 1 or x = -1 */
{
if (MPFR_IS_POS (x)) /* asin(+1) = Pi/2 */
inexact = mpfr_const_pi (asin, rnd_mode);
else /* asin(-1) = -Pi/2 */
{
inexact = -mpfr_const_pi (asin, MPFR_INVERT_RND(rnd_mode));
MPFR_CHANGE_SIGN (asin);
}
mpfr_div_2ui (asin, asin, 1, rnd_mode);
}
}
else
{
/* Compute exponent of 1 - ABS(x) */
mpfr_ui_sub (xp, 1, xp, MPFR_RNDD);
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_GET_EXP (xp) <= 0);
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_GET_EXP (x) <= 0);
xp_exp = 2 - MPFR_GET_EXP (xp);
/* Set up initial prec */
prec = MPFR_PREC (asin) + 10 + xp_exp;
/* use asin(x) = atan(x/sqrt(1-x^2)) */
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, prec);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_set_prec (xp, prec);
mpfr_sqr (xp, x, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_ui_sub (xp, 1, xp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqrt (xp, xp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_div (xp, x, xp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_atan (xp, xp, MPFR_RNDN);
if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (xp, prec - xp_exp,
MPFR_PREC (asin), rnd_mode)))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, prec);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (asin, xp, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (xp);
}
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (asin, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
int
mpfr_cos (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_prec_t K0, K, precy, m, k, l;
int inexact, reduce = 0;
mpfr_t r, s, xr, c;
mpfr_exp_t exps, cancel = 0, expx;
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo);
MPFR_GROUP_DECL (group);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (
("x[%Pu]=%*.Rg rnd=%d", mpfr_get_prec (x), mpfr_log_prec, x, rnd_mode),
("y[%Pu]=%*.Rg inexact=%d", mpfr_get_prec (y), mpfr_log_prec, y,
inexact));
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (x)))
{
if (MPFR_IS_NAN (x) || MPFR_IS_INF (x))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN (y);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else
{
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (x));
return mpfr_set_ui (y, 1, rnd_mode);
}
}
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
/* cos(x) = 1-x^2/2 + ..., so error < 2^(2*EXP(x)-1) */
expx = MPFR_GET_EXP (x);
MPFR_SMALL_INPUT_AFTER_SAVE_EXPO (y, __gmpfr_one, -2 * expx,
1, 0, rnd_mode, expo, {});
/* Compute initial precision */
precy = MPFR_PREC (y);
if (precy >= MPFR_SINCOS_THRESHOLD)
{
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_cos_fast (y, x, rnd_mode);
}
K0 = __gmpfr_isqrt (precy / 3);
m = precy + 2 * MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (precy) + 2 * K0;
if (expx >= 3)
{
reduce = 1;
/* As expx + m - 1 will silently be converted into mpfr_prec_t
in the mpfr_init2 call, the assert below may be useful to
avoid undefined behavior. */
MPFR_ASSERTN (expx + m - 1 <= MPFR_PREC_MAX);
mpfr_init2 (c, expx + m - 1);
mpfr_init2 (xr, m);
}
MPFR_GROUP_INIT_2 (group, m, r, s);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
/* If |x| >= 4, first reduce x cmod (2*Pi) into xr, using mpfr_remainder:
let e = EXP(x) >= 3, and m the target precision:
(1) c <- 2*Pi [precision e+m-1, nearest]
(2) xr <- remainder (x, c) [precision m, nearest]
We have |c - 2*Pi| <= 1/2ulp(c) = 2^(3-e-m)
|xr - x - k c| <= 1/2ulp(xr) <= 2^(1-m)
|k| <= |x|/(2*Pi) <= 2^(e-2)
Thus |xr - x - 2kPi| <= |k| |c - 2Pi| + 2^(1-m) <= 2^(2-m).
It follows |cos(xr) - cos(x)| <= 2^(2-m). */
if (reduce)
{
mpfr_const_pi (c, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_mul_2ui (c, c, 1, MPFR_RNDN); /* 2Pi */
mpfr_remainder (xr, x, c, MPFR_RNDN);
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO(xr))
goto ziv_next;
/* now |xr| <= 4, thus r <= 16 below */
mpfr_mul (r, xr, xr, MPFR_RNDU); /* err <= 1 ulp */
}
else
mpfr_mul (r, x, x, MPFR_RNDU); /* err <= 1 ulp */
/* now |x| < 4 (or xr if reduce = 1), thus |r| <= 16 */
/* we need |r| < 1/2 for mpfr_cos2_aux, i.e., EXP(r) - 2K <= -1 */
K = K0 + 1 + MAX(0, MPFR_GET_EXP(r)) / 2;
/* since K0 >= 0, if EXP(r) < 0, then K >= 1, thus EXP(r) - 2K <= -3;
otherwise if EXP(r) >= 0, then K >= 1/2 + EXP(r)/2, thus
EXP(r) - 2K <= -1 */
MPFR_SET_EXP (r, MPFR_GET_EXP (r) - 2 * K); /* Can't overflow! */
/* s <- 1 - r/2! + ... + (-1)^l r^l/(2l)! */
l = mpfr_cos2_aux (s, r);
/* l is the error bound in ulps on s */
MPFR_SET_ONE (r);
for (k = 0; k < K; k++)
{
mpfr_sqr (s, s, MPFR_RNDU); /* err <= 2*olderr */
MPFR_SET_EXP (s, MPFR_GET_EXP (s) + 1); /* Can't overflow */
mpfr_sub (s, s, r, MPFR_RNDN); /* err <= 4*olderr */
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO(s))
goto ziv_next;
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_GET_EXP (s) <= 1);
}
/* The absolute error on s is bounded by (2l+1/3)*2^(2K-m)
2l+1/3 <= 2l+1.
If |x| >= 4, we need to add 2^(2-m) for the argument reduction
by 2Pi: if K = 0, this amounts to add 4 to 2l+1/3, i.e., to add
2 to l; if K >= 1, this amounts to add 1 to 2*l+1/3. */
l = 2 * l + 1;
if (reduce)
l += (K == 0) ? 4 : 1;
k = MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (l) + 2*K;
/* now the error is bounded by 2^(k-m) = 2^(EXP(s)-err) */
exps = MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, exps + m - k, precy, rnd_mode)))
break;
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (exps == 1))
/* s = 1 or -1, and except x=0 which was already checked above,
cos(x) cannot be 1 or -1, so we can round if the error is less
than 2^(-precy) for directed rounding, or 2^(-precy-1) for rounding
to nearest. */
{
if (m > k && (m - k >= precy + (rnd_mode == MPFR_RNDN)))
{
/* If round to nearest or away, result is s = 1 or -1,
otherwise it is round(nexttoward (s, 0)). However in order to
have the inexact flag correctly set below, we set |s| to
1 - 2^(-m) in all cases. */
mpfr_nexttozero (s);
break;
}
}
if (exps < cancel)
{
m += cancel - exps;
cancel = exps;
}
ziv_next:
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
MPFR_GROUP_REPREC_2 (group, m, r, s);
if (reduce)
{
mpfr_set_prec (xr, m);
mpfr_set_prec (c, expx + m - 1);
}
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
MPFR_GROUP_CLEAR (group);
if (reduce)
{
mpfr_clear (xr);
mpfr_clear (c);
}
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
int
mpfr_acos (mpfr_ptr acos, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
mpfr_t xp, arcc, tmp;
mpfr_exp_t supplement;
mpfr_prec_t prec;
int sign, compared, inexact;
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo);
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC
(("x[%Pu]=%.*Rg rnd=%d", mpfr_get_prec(x), mpfr_log_prec, x, rnd_mode),
("acos[%Pu]=%.*Rg inexact=%d",
mpfr_get_prec(acos), mpfr_log_prec, acos, inexact));
/* Singular cases */
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (x)))
{
if (MPFR_IS_NAN (x) || MPFR_IS_INF (x))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN (acos);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else /* necessarily x=0 */
{
MPFR_ASSERTD(MPFR_IS_ZERO(x));
/* acos(0)=Pi/2 */
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
inexact = mpfr_const_pi (acos, rnd_mode);
mpfr_div_2ui (acos, acos, 1, rnd_mode); /* exact */
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (acos, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
}
/* Set x_p=|x| */
sign = MPFR_SIGN (x);
mpfr_init2 (xp, MPFR_PREC (x));
mpfr_abs (xp, x, MPFR_RNDN); /* Exact */
compared = mpfr_cmp_ui (xp, 1);
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (compared >= 0))
{
mpfr_clear (xp);
if (compared > 0) /* acos(x) = NaN for x > 1 */
{
MPFR_SET_NAN(acos);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else
{
if (MPFR_IS_POS_SIGN (sign)) /* acos(+1) = +0 */
return mpfr_set_ui (acos, 0, rnd_mode);
else /* acos(-1) = Pi */
return mpfr_const_pi (acos, rnd_mode);
}
}
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
/* Compute the supplement */
mpfr_ui_sub (xp, 1, xp, MPFR_RNDD);
if (MPFR_IS_POS_SIGN (sign))
supplement = 2 - 2 * MPFR_GET_EXP (xp);
else
supplement = 2 - MPFR_GET_EXP (xp);
mpfr_clear (xp);
prec = MPFR_PREC (acos);
prec += MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2(prec) + 10 + supplement;
/* VL: The following change concerning prec comes from r3145
"Optimize mpfr_acos by choosing a better initial precision."
but it doesn't seem to be correct and leads to problems (assertion
failure or very important inefficiency) with tiny arguments.
Therefore, I've disabled it. */
/* If x ~ 2^-N, acos(x) ~ PI/2 - x - x^3/6
If Prec < 2*N, we can't round since x^3/6 won't be counted. */
#if 0
if (MPFR_PREC (acos) >= MPFR_PREC (x) && MPFR_GET_EXP (x) < 0)
{
mpfr_uexp_t pmin = (mpfr_uexp_t) (-2 * MPFR_GET_EXP (x)) + 5;
MPFR_ASSERTN (pmin <= MPFR_PREC_MAX);
if (prec < pmin)
prec = pmin;
}
#endif
mpfr_init2 (tmp, prec);
mpfr_init2 (arcc, prec);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, prec);
for (;;)
{
/* acos(x) = Pi/2 - asin(x) = Pi/2 - atan(x/sqrt(1-x^2)) */
mpfr_sqr (tmp, x, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_ui_sub (tmp, 1, tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqrt (tmp, tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_div (tmp, x, tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_atan (arcc, tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_const_pi (tmp, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (tmp, tmp, 1, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sub (arcc, tmp, arcc, MPFR_RNDN);
if (MPFR_LIKELY (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (arcc, prec - supplement,
MPFR_PREC (acos), rnd_mode)))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, prec);
mpfr_set_prec (tmp, prec);
mpfr_set_prec (arcc, prec);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (acos, arcc, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (tmp);
mpfr_clear (arcc);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (acos, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
int
mpc_sqr (mpc_ptr rop, mpc_srcptr op, mpc_rnd_t rnd)
{
int ok;
mpfr_t u, v;
mpfr_t x;
/* temporary variable to hold the real part of op,
needed in the case rop==op */
mpfr_prec_t prec;
int inex_re, inex_im, inexact;
mpfr_exp_t emin;
int saved_underflow;
/* special values: NaN and infinities */
if (!mpc_fin_p (op)) {
if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_realref (op)) || mpfr_nan_p (mpc_imagref (op))) {
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
}
else if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_realref (op))) {
if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_imagref (op))) {
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
}
else {
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
else
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), +1);
}
}
else /* IM(op) is infinity, RE(op) is not */ {
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_realref (op)))
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
else
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop),
MPFR_SIGN (mpc_realref (op)) * MPFR_SIGN (mpc_imagref (op)));
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), -1);
}
return MPC_INEX (0, 0); /* exact */
}
prec = MPC_MAX_PREC(rop);
/* Check for real resp. purely imaginary number */
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref(op))) {
int same_sign = mpfr_signbit (mpc_realref (op)) == mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
inex_re = mpfr_sqr (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_realref(op), MPC_RND_RE(rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref(rop), 0ul, MPFR_RNDN);
if (!same_sign)
mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
}
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_realref(op))) {
int same_sign = mpfr_signbit (mpc_realref (op)) == mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
inex_re = -mpfr_sqr (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_imagref(op), INV_RND (MPC_RND_RE(rnd)));
mpfr_neg (mpc_realref(rop), mpc_realref(rop), MPFR_RNDN);
inex_im = mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref(rop), 0ul, MPFR_RNDN);
if (!same_sign)
mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
}
if (rop == op)
{
mpfr_init2 (x, MPC_PREC_RE (op));
mpfr_set (x, op->re, MPFR_RNDN);
}
else
x [0] = op->re [0];
/* From here on, use x instead of op->re and safely overwrite rop->re. */
/* Compute real part of result. */
if (SAFE_ABS (mpfr_exp_t,
mpfr_get_exp (mpc_realref (op)) - mpfr_get_exp (mpc_imagref (op)))
> (mpfr_exp_t) MPC_MAX_PREC (op) / 2) {
/* If the real and imaginary parts of the argument have very different
exponents, it is not reasonable to use Karatsuba squaring; compute
exactly with the standard formulae instead, even if this means an
additional multiplication. Using the approach copied from mul, over-
and underflows are also handled correctly. */
inex_re = mpfr_fsss (rop->re, x, op->im, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
}
else {
/* Karatsuba squaring: we compute the real part as (x+y)*(x-y) and the
imaginary part as 2*x*y, with a total of 2M instead of 2S+1M for the
naive algorithm, which computes x^2-y^2 and 2*y*y */
mpfr_init (u);
mpfr_init (v);
emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
do
{
prec += mpc_ceil_log2 (prec) + 5;
mpfr_set_prec (u, prec);
mpfr_set_prec (v, prec);
/* Let op = x + iy. We need u = x+y and v = x-y, rounded away. */
/* The error is bounded above by 1 ulp. */
/* We first let inexact be 1 if the real part is not computed */
/* exactly and determine the sign later. */
inexact = mpfr_add (u, x, mpc_imagref (op), MPFR_RNDA)
| mpfr_sub (v, x, mpc_imagref (op), MPFR_RNDA);
/* compute the real part as u*v, rounded away */
/* determine also the sign of inex_re */
if (mpfr_sgn (u) == 0 || mpfr_sgn (v) == 0) {
/* as we have rounded away, the result is exact */
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_realref (rop), 0, MPFR_RNDN);
inex_re = 0;
ok = 1;
}
else {
inexact |= mpfr_mul (u, u, v, MPFR_RNDA); /* error 5 */
if (mpfr_get_exp (u) == emin || mpfr_inf_p (u)) {
/* under- or overflow */
inex_re = mpfr_fsss (rop->re, x, op->im, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
ok = 1;
}
else {
ok = (!inexact) | mpfr_can_round (u, prec - 3,
MPFR_RNDA, MPFR_RNDZ,
MPC_PREC_RE (rop) + (MPC_RND_RE (rnd) == MPFR_RNDN));
if (ok) {
inex_re = mpfr_set (mpc_realref (rop), u, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
if (inex_re == 0)
/* remember that u was already rounded */
inex_re = inexact;
}
}
}
}
while (!ok);
mpfr_clear (u);
mpfr_clear (v);
}
saved_underflow = mpfr_underflow_p ();
mpfr_clear_underflow ();
inex_im = mpfr_mul (rop->im, x, op->im, MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
if (!mpfr_underflow_p ())
inex_im |= mpfr_mul_2ui (rop->im, rop->im, 1, MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
/* We must not multiply by 2 if rop->im has been set to the smallest
representable number. */
if (saved_underflow)
mpfr_set_underflow ();
if (rop == op)
mpfr_clear (x);
return MPC_INEX (inex_re, inex_im);
}
static int
mpfr_fsss (mpfr_ptr z, mpfr_srcptr a, mpfr_srcptr c, mpfr_rnd_t rnd)
{
/* Computes z = a^2 - c^2.
Assumes that a and c are finite and non-zero; so a squaring yielding
an infinity is an overflow, and a squaring yielding 0 is an underflow.
Assumes further that z is distinct from a and c. */
int inex;
mpfr_t u, v;
/* u=a^2, v=c^2 exactly */
mpfr_init2 (u, 2*mpfr_get_prec (a));
mpfr_init2 (v, 2*mpfr_get_prec (c));
mpfr_sqr (u, a, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_sqr (v, c, MPFR_RNDN);
/* tentatively compute z as u-v; here we need z to be distinct
from a and c to not lose the latter */
inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
if (mpfr_inf_p (z)) {
/* replace by "correctly rounded overflow" */
mpfr_set_si (z, (mpfr_signbit (z) ? -1 : 1), MPFR_RNDN);
inex = mpfr_mul_2ui (z, z, mpfr_get_emax (), rnd);
}
else if (mpfr_zero_p (u) && !mpfr_zero_p (v)) {
/* exactly u underflowed, determine inexact flag */
inex = (mpfr_signbit (u) ? 1 : -1);
}
else if (mpfr_zero_p (v) && !mpfr_zero_p (u)) {
/* exactly v underflowed, determine inexact flag */
inex = (mpfr_signbit (v) ? -1 : 1);
}
else if (mpfr_nan_p (z) || (mpfr_zero_p (u) && mpfr_zero_p (v))) {
/* In the first case, u and v are +inf.
In the second case, u and v are zeroes; their difference may be 0
or the least representable number, with a sign to be determined.
Redo the computations with mpz_t exponents */
mpfr_exp_t ea, ec;
mpz_t eu, ev;
/* cheat to work around the const qualifiers */
/* Normalise the input by shifting and keep track of the shifts in
the exponents of u and v */
ea = mpfr_get_exp (a);
ec = mpfr_get_exp (c);
mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) a, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) c, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
mpz_init (eu);
mpz_init (ev);
mpz_set_si (eu, (long int) ea);
mpz_mul_2exp (eu, eu, 1);
mpz_set_si (ev, (long int) ec);
mpz_mul_2exp (ev, ev, 1);
/* recompute u and v and move exponents to eu and ev */
mpfr_sqr (u, a, MPFR_RNDN);
/* exponent of u is non-positive */
mpz_sub_ui (eu, eu, (unsigned long int) (-mpfr_get_exp (u)));
mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
mpfr_sqr (v, c, MPFR_RNDN);
mpz_sub_ui (ev, ev, (unsigned long int) (-mpfr_get_exp (v)));
mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_prec_t) 0);
if (mpfr_nan_p (z)) {
mpfr_exp_t emax = mpfr_get_emax ();
int overflow;
/* We have a = ma * 2^ea with 1/2 <= |ma| < 1 and ea <= emax.
So eu <= 2*emax, and eu > emax since we have
an overflow. The same holds for ev. Shift u and v by as much as
possible so that one of them has exponent emax and the
remaining exponents in eu and ev are the same. Then carry out
the addition. Shifting u and v prevents an underflow. */
if (mpz_cmp (eu, ev) >= 0) {
mpfr_set_exp (u, emax);
mpz_sub_ui (eu, eu, (long int) emax);
mpz_sub (ev, ev, eu);
mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_ui (ev));
/* remaining common exponent is now in eu */
}
else {
mpfr_set_exp (v, emax);
mpz_sub_ui (ev, ev, (long int) emax);
mpz_sub (eu, eu, ev);
mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_ui (eu));
mpz_set (eu, ev);
/* remaining common exponent is now also in eu */
}
inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
/* Result is finite since u and v have the same sign. */
overflow = mpfr_mul_2ui (z, z, mpz_get_ui (eu), rnd);
if (overflow)
inex = overflow;
}
else {
int underflow;
/* Subtraction of two zeroes. We have a = ma * 2^ea
with 1/2 <= |ma| < 1 and ea >= emin and similarly for b.
So 2*emin < 2*emin+1 <= eu < emin < 0, and analogously for v. */
mpfr_exp_t emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
if (mpz_cmp (eu, ev) <= 0) {
mpfr_set_exp (u, emin);
mpz_add_ui (eu, eu, (unsigned long int) (-emin));
mpz_sub (ev, ev, eu);
mpfr_set_exp (v, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_si (ev));
}
else {
mpfr_set_exp (v, emin);
mpz_add_ui (ev, ev, (unsigned long int) (-emin));
mpz_sub (eu, eu, ev);
mpfr_set_exp (u, (mpfr_exp_t) mpz_get_si (eu));
mpz_set (eu, ev);
}
inex = mpfr_sub (z, u, v, rnd);
mpz_neg (eu, eu);
underflow = mpfr_div_2ui (z, z, mpz_get_ui (eu), rnd);
if (underflow)
inex = underflow;
}
mpz_clear (eu);
mpz_clear (ev);
mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) a, ea);
mpfr_set_exp ((mpfr_ptr) c, ec);
/* works also when a == c */
}
mpfr_clear (u);
mpfr_clear (v);
return inex;
}
int
mpc_log (mpc_ptr rop, mpc_srcptr op, mpc_rnd_t rnd){
int ok, underflow = 0;
mpfr_srcptr x, y;
mpfr_t v, w;
mpfr_prec_t prec;
int loops;
int re_cmp, im_cmp;
int inex_re, inex_im;
int err;
mpfr_exp_t expw;
int sgnw;
/* special values: NaN and infinities */
if (!mpc_fin_p (op)) {
if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_realref (op))) {
if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), +1);
else
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
inex_im = 0; /* Inf/NaN is exact */
}
else if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_imagref (op))) {
if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_realref (op)))
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), +1);
else
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
inex_im = 0; /* Inf/NaN is exact */
}
else /* We have an infinity in at least one part. */ {
inex_im = mpfr_atan2 (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), mpc_realref (op),
MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), +1);
}
return MPC_INEX(0, inex_im);
}
/* special cases: real and purely imaginary numbers */
re_cmp = mpfr_cmp_ui (mpc_realref (op), 0);
im_cmp = mpfr_cmp_ui (mpc_imagref (op), 0);
if (im_cmp == 0) {
if (re_cmp == 0) {
inex_im = mpfr_atan2 (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), mpc_realref (op),
MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_realref (rop), -1);
inex_re = 0; /* -Inf is exact */
}
else if (re_cmp > 0) {
inex_re = mpfr_log (mpc_realref (rop), mpc_realref (op), MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_set (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
}
else {
/* op = x + 0*y; let w = -x = |x| */
int negative_zero;
mpfr_rnd_t rnd_im;
negative_zero = mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
if (negative_zero)
rnd_im = INV_RND (MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
else
rnd_im = MPC_RND_IM (rnd);
w [0] = *mpc_realref (op);
MPFR_CHANGE_SIGN (w);
inex_re = mpfr_log (mpc_realref (rop), w, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_const_pi (mpc_imagref (rop), rnd_im);
if (negative_zero) {
mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
inex_im = -inex_im;
}
}
return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
}
else if (re_cmp == 0) {
if (im_cmp > 0) {
inex_re = mpfr_log (mpc_realref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_const_pi (mpc_imagref (rop), MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
/* division by 2 does not change the ternary flag */
mpfr_div_2ui (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (rop), 1, GMP_RNDN);
}
else {
w [0] = *mpc_imagref (op);
MPFR_CHANGE_SIGN (w);
inex_re = mpfr_log (mpc_realref (rop), w, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_const_pi (mpc_imagref (rop), INV_RND (MPC_RND_IM (rnd)));
/* division by 2 does not change the ternary flag */
mpfr_div_2ui (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (rop), 1, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (rop), GMP_RNDN);
inex_im = -inex_im; /* negate the ternary flag */
}
return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
}
prec = MPC_PREC_RE(rop);
mpfr_init2 (w, 2);
/* let op = x + iy; log = 1/2 log (x^2 + y^2) + i atan2 (y, x) */
/* loop for the real part: 1/2 log (x^2 + y^2), fast, but unsafe */
/* implementation */
ok = 0;
for (loops = 1; !ok && loops <= 2; loops++) {
prec += mpc_ceil_log2 (prec) + 4;
mpfr_set_prec (w, prec);
mpc_abs (w, op, GMP_RNDN);
/* error 0.5 ulp */
if (mpfr_inf_p (w))
/* intermediate overflow; the logarithm may be representable.
Intermediate underflow is impossible. */
break;
mpfr_log (w, w, GMP_RNDN);
/* generic error of log: (2^(- exp(w)) + 0.5) ulp */
if (mpfr_zero_p (w))
/* impossible to round, switch to second algorithm */
break;
err = MPC_MAX (-mpfr_get_exp (w), 0) + 1;
/* number of lost digits */
ok = mpfr_can_round (w, prec - err, GMP_RNDN, GMP_RNDZ,
mpfr_get_prec (mpc_realref (rop)) + (MPC_RND_RE (rnd) == GMP_RNDN));
}
if (!ok) {
prec = MPC_PREC_RE(rop);
mpfr_init2 (v, 2);
/* compute 1/2 log (x^2 + y^2) = log |x| + 1/2 * log (1 + (y/x)^2)
if |x| >= |y|; otherwise, exchange x and y */
if (mpfr_cmpabs (mpc_realref (op), mpc_imagref (op)) >= 0) {
x = mpc_realref (op);
y = mpc_imagref (op);
}
else {
x = mpc_imagref (op);
y = mpc_realref (op);
}
do {
prec += mpc_ceil_log2 (prec) + 4;
mpfr_set_prec (v, prec);
mpfr_set_prec (w, prec);
mpfr_div (v, y, x, GMP_RNDD); /* error 1 ulp */
mpfr_sqr (v, v, GMP_RNDD);
/* generic error of multiplication:
1 + 2*1*(2+1*2^(1-prec)) <= 5.0625 since prec >= 6 */
mpfr_log1p (v, v, GMP_RNDD);
/* error 1 + 4*5.0625 = 21.25 , see algorithms.tex */
mpfr_div_2ui (v, v, 1, GMP_RNDD);
/* If the result is 0, then there has been an underflow somewhere. */
mpfr_abs (w, x, GMP_RNDN); /* exact */
mpfr_log (w, w, GMP_RNDN); /* error 0.5 ulp */
expw = mpfr_get_exp (w);
sgnw = mpfr_signbit (w);
mpfr_add (w, w, v, GMP_RNDN);
if (!sgnw) /* v is positive, so no cancellation;
error 22.25 ulp; error counts lost bits */
err = 5;
else
err = MPC_MAX (5 + mpfr_get_exp (v),
/* 21.25 ulp (v) rewritten in ulp (result, now in w) */
-1 + expw - mpfr_get_exp (w)
/* 0.5 ulp (previous w), rewritten in ulp (result) */
) + 2;
/* handle one special case: |x|=1, and (y/x)^2 underflows;
then 1/2*log(x^2+y^2) \approx 1/2*y^2 also underflows. */
if ( (mpfr_cmp_si (x, -1) == 0 || mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 1) == 0)
&& mpfr_zero_p (w))
underflow = 1;
} while (!underflow &&
!mpfr_can_round (w, prec - err, GMP_RNDN, GMP_RNDZ,
mpfr_get_prec (mpc_realref (rop)) + (MPC_RND_RE (rnd) == GMP_RNDN)));
mpfr_clear (v);
}
/* imaginary part */
inex_im = mpfr_atan2 (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), mpc_realref (op),
MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
/* set the real part; cannot be done before if rop==op */
if (underflow)
/* create underflow in result */
inex_re = mpfr_set_ui_2exp (mpc_realref (rop), 1,
mpfr_get_emin_min () - 2, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
else
inex_re = mpfr_set (mpc_realref (rop), w, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
mpfr_clear (w);
return MPC_INEX(inex_re, inex_im);
}
/* Compute the real part of the dilogarithm defined by
Li2(x) = -\Int_{t=0}^x log(1-t)/t dt */
int
mpfr_li2 (mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
int inexact;
mp_exp_t err;
mpfr_prec_t yp, m;
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_DECL (expo);
MPFR_LOG_FUNC (("x[%#R]=%R rnd=%d", x, x, rnd_mode), ("y[%#R]=%R", y));
if (MPFR_UNLIKELY (MPFR_IS_SINGULAR (x)))
{
if (MPFR_IS_NAN (x))
{
MPFR_SET_NAN (y);
MPFR_RET_NAN;
}
else if (MPFR_IS_INF (x))
{
MPFR_SET_NEG (y);
MPFR_SET_INF (y);
MPFR_RET (0);
}
else /* x is zero */
{
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_ZERO (x));
MPFR_SET_SAME_SIGN (y, x);
MPFR_SET_ZERO (y);
MPFR_RET (0);
}
}
/* Li2(x) = x + x^2/4 + x^3/9 + ..., more precisely for 0 < x <= 1/2
we have |Li2(x) - x| < x^2/2 <= 2^(2EXP(x)-1) and for -1/2 <= x < 0
we have |Li2(x) - x| < x^2/4 <= 2^(2EXP(x)-2) */
if (MPFR_IS_POS (x))
MPFR_FAST_COMPUTE_IF_SMALL_INPUT (y, x, -MPFR_GET_EXP (x), 1, 1, rnd_mode,
{});
else
MPFR_FAST_COMPUTE_IF_SMALL_INPUT (y, x, -MPFR_GET_EXP (x), 2, 0, rnd_mode,
{});
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_MARK (expo);
yp = MPFR_PREC (y);
m = yp + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (yp) + 13;
if (MPFR_LIKELY ((mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 0) > 0) && (mpfr_cmp_d (x, 0.5) <= 0)))
/* 0 < x <= 1/2: Li2(x) = S(-log(1-x))-log^2(1-x)/4 */
{
mpfr_t s, u;
mp_exp_t expo_l;
int k;
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_ui_sub (u, 1, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (u, u, GMP_RNDU);
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO(u))
goto next_m;
mpfr_neg (u, u, GMP_RNDN); /* u = -log(1-x) */
expo_l = MPFR_GET_EXP (u);
k = li2_series (s, u, GMP_RNDU);
err = 1 + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k + 1);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 2, GMP_RNDU); /* u = log^2(1-x) / 4 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
/* error(s) <= (0.5 + 2^(d-EXP(s))
+ 2^(3 + MAX(1, - expo_l) - EXP(s))) ulp(s) */
err = MAX (err, MAX (1, - expo_l) - 1) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err);
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
next_m:
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (u);
mpfr_clear (s);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else if (!mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 1))
/* Li2(1)= pi^2 / 6 */
{
mpfr_t u;
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_const_pi (u, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (u, u, 6, GMP_RNDN);
err = m - 4; /* error(u) <= 19/2 ulp(u) */
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (u, err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, u, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clear (u);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else if (mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 2) >= 0)
/* x >= 2: Li2(x) = -S(-log(1-1/x))-log^2(x)/2+log^2(1-1/x)/4+pi^2/3 */
{
int k;
mp_exp_t expo_l;
mpfr_t s, u, xx;
if (mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 38) >= 0)
{
inexact = mpfr_li2_asympt_pos (y, x, rnd_mode);
if (inexact != 0)
goto end_of_case_gt2;
}
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
mpfr_init2 (xx, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_ui_div (xx, 1, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (xx, xx, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log1p (u, xx, GMP_RNDD);
mpfr_neg (u, u, GMP_RNDU); /* u = -log(1-1/x) */
expo_l = MPFR_GET_EXP (u);
k = li2_series (s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (s, s, GMP_RNDN);
err = MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k + 1) + 1; /* error(s) <= 2^err ulp(s) */
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* u= log^2(1-1/x)/4 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err =
MAX (err,
3 + MAX (1, -expo_l) + MPFR_GET_EXP (u)) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err); /* error(s) <= 2^err ulp(s) */
err += MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_log (u, x, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 1, GMP_RNDN); /* u = log^2(x)/2 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 3 + MPFR_GET_EXP (u)) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err); /* error(s) <= 2^err ulp(s) */
err += MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_const_pi (u, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (u, u, 3, GMP_RNDN); /* u = pi^2/3 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 2) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err); /* error(s) <= 2^err ulp(s) */
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
mpfr_set_prec (xx, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clears (s, u, xx, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
end_of_case_gt2:
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else if (mpfr_cmp_ui (x, 1) > 0)
/* 2 > x > 1: Li2(x) = S(log(x))+log^2(x)/4-log(x)log(x-1)+pi^2/6 */
{
int k;
mp_exp_t e1, e2;
mpfr_t s, u, v, xx;
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (v, m);
mpfr_init2 (xx, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_log (v, x, GMP_RNDU);
k = li2_series (s, v, GMP_RNDN);
e1 = MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_sqr (u, v, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* u = log^2(x)/4 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_sub_ui (xx, x, 1, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (u, xx, GMP_RNDU);
e2 = MPFR_GET_EXP (u);
mpfr_mul (u, v, u, GMP_RNDN); /* u = log(x) * log(x-1) */
mpfr_sub (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_const_pi (u, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (u, u, 6, GMP_RNDN); /* u = pi^2/6 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
/* error(s) <= (31 + (k+1) * 2^(1-e1) + 2^(1-e2)) ulp(s)
see algorithms.tex */
err = MAX (MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k + 1) + 1 - e1, 1 - e2);
err = 2 + MAX (5, err);
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (v, m);
mpfr_set_prec (xx, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clears (s, u, v, xx, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else if (mpfr_cmp_ui_2exp (x, 1, -1) > 0) /* 1/2 < x < 1 */
/* 1 > x > 1/2: Li2(x) = -S(-log(x))+log^2(x)/4-log(x)log(1-x)+pi^2/6 */
{
int k;
mpfr_t s, u, v, xx;
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (v, m);
mpfr_init2 (xx, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_log (u, x, GMP_RNDD);
mpfr_neg (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
k = li2_series (s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (s, s, GMP_RNDN);
err = 1 + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k + 1) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_ui_sub (xx, 1, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (v, xx, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_mul (v, v, u, GMP_RNDN); /* v = - log(x) * log(1-x) */
mpfr_add (s, s, v, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 1 - MPFR_GET_EXP (v));
err = 2 + MAX (3, err) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* u = log^2(x)/4 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 2 + MPFR_GET_EXP (u)) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err) + MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_const_pi (u, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (u, u, 6, GMP_RNDN); /* u = pi^2/6 */
mpfr_add (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 3) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err);
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (v, m);
mpfr_set_prec (xx, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clears (s, u, v, xx, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else if (mpfr_cmp_si (x, -1) >= 0)
/* 0 > x >= -1: Li2(x) = -S(log(1-x))-log^2(1-x)/4 */
{
int k;
mp_exp_t expo_l;
mpfr_t s, u, xx;
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (xx, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_neg (xx, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log1p (u, xx, GMP_RNDN);
k = li2_series (s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (s, s, GMP_RNDN);
expo_l = MPFR_GET_EXP (u);
err = 1 + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k + 1) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_sqr (u, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (u, u, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* u = log^2(1-x)/4 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, u, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, - expo_l);
err = 2 + MAX (err, 3);
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (xx, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clears (s, u, xx, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
else
/* x < -1: Li2(x)
= S(log(1-1/x))-log^2(-x)/4-log(1-x)log(-x)/2+log^2(1-x)/4-pi^2/6 */
{
int k;
mpfr_t s, u, v, w, xx;
if (mpfr_cmp_si (x, -7) <= 0)
{
inexact = mpfr_li2_asympt_neg (y, x, rnd_mode);
if (inexact != 0)
goto end_of_case_ltm1;
}
mpfr_init2 (s, m);
mpfr_init2 (u, m);
mpfr_init2 (v, m);
mpfr_init2 (w, m);
mpfr_init2 (xx, m);
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, m);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_ui_div (xx, 1, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_neg (xx, xx, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log1p (u, xx, GMP_RNDN);
k = li2_series (s, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_ui_sub (xx, 1, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (u, xx, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_neg (xx, x, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_log (v, xx, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_mul (w, v, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (w, w, 1, GMP_RNDN); /* w = log(-x) * log(1-x) / 2 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = 1 + MAX (3, MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (k+1) + 1 - MPFR_GET_EXP (s))
+ MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_sqr (w, v, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (w, w, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* w = log^2(-x) / 4 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 3 + MPFR_GET_EXP(w)) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err) + MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_sqr (w, u, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_2ui (w, w, 2, GMP_RNDN); /* w = log^2(1-x) / 4 */
mpfr_add (s, s, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 3 + MPFR_GET_EXP (w)) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err) + MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
mpfr_const_pi (w, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (w, w, GMP_RNDN);
mpfr_div_ui (w, w, 6, GMP_RNDN); /* w = pi^2 / 6 */
mpfr_sub (s, s, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err, 3) - MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err) + MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) m - err, yp, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, m);
mpfr_set_prec (s, m);
mpfr_set_prec (u, m);
mpfr_set_prec (v, m);
mpfr_set_prec (w, m);
mpfr_set_prec (xx, m);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
inexact = mpfr_set (y, s, rnd_mode);
mpfr_clears (s, u, v, w, xx, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
end_of_case_ltm1:
MPFR_SAVE_EXPO_FREE (expo);
return mpfr_check_range (y, inexact, rnd_mode);
}
MPFR_ASSERTN (0); /* should never reach this point */
}
/* Compute the alternating series
s = S(z) = \sum_{k=0}^infty B_{2k} (z))^{2k+1} / (2k+1)!
with 0 < z <= log(2) to the precision of s rounded in the direction
rnd_mode.
Return the maximum index of the truncature which is useful
for determinating the relative error.
*/
static int
li2_series (mpfr_t sum, mpfr_srcptr z, mpfr_rnd_t rnd_mode)
{
int i, Bm, Bmax;
mpfr_t s, u, v, w;
mpfr_prec_t sump, p;
mp_exp_t se, err;
mpz_t *B;
MPFR_ZIV_DECL (loop);
/* The series converges for |z| < 2 pi, but in mpfr_li2 the argument is
reduced so that 0 < z <= log(2). Here is additionnal check that z is
(nearly) correct */
MPFR_ASSERTD (MPFR_IS_STRICTPOS (z));
MPFR_ASSERTD (mpfr_cmp_d (z, 0.6953125) <= 0);
sump = MPFR_PREC (sum); /* target precision */
p = sump + MPFR_INT_CEIL_LOG2 (sump) + 4; /* the working precision */
mpfr_init2 (s, p);
mpfr_init2 (u, p);
mpfr_init2 (v, p);
mpfr_init2 (w, p);
B = bernoulli ((mpz_t *) 0, 0);
Bm = Bmax = 1;
MPFR_ZIV_INIT (loop, p);
for (;;)
{
mpfr_sqr (u, z, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_set (v, z, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_set (s, z, GMP_RNDU);
se = MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 0;
for (i = 1;; i++)
{
if (i >= Bmax)
B = bernoulli (B, Bmax++); /* B_2i * (2i+1)!, exact */
mpfr_mul (v, u, v, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_div_ui (v, v, 2 * i, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_div_ui (v, v, 2 * i, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_div_ui (v, v, 2 * i + 1, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_div_ui (v, v, 2 * i + 1, GMP_RNDU);
/* here, v_2i = v_{2i-2} / (2i * (2i+1))^2 */
mpfr_mul_z (w, v, B[i], GMP_RNDN);
/* here, w_2i = v_2i * B_2i * (2i+1)! with
error(w_2i) < 2^(5 * i + 8) ulp(w_2i) (see algorithms.tex) */
mpfr_add (s, s, w, GMP_RNDN);
err = MAX (err + se, 5 * i + 8 + MPFR_GET_EXP (w))
- MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
err = 2 + MAX (-1, err);
se = MPFR_GET_EXP (s);
if (MPFR_GET_EXP (w) <= se - (mp_exp_t) p)
break;
}
/* the previous value of err is the rounding error,
the truncation error is less than EXP(z) - 6 * i - 5
(see algorithms.tex) */
err = MAX (err, MPFR_GET_EXP (z) - 6 * i - 5) + 1;
if (MPFR_CAN_ROUND (s, (mp_exp_t) p - err, sump, rnd_mode))
break;
MPFR_ZIV_NEXT (loop, p);
mpfr_set_prec (s, p);
mpfr_set_prec (u, p);
mpfr_set_prec (v, p);
mpfr_set_prec (w, p);
}
MPFR_ZIV_FREE (loop);
mpfr_set (sum, s, rnd_mode);
Bm = Bmax;
while (Bm--)
mpz_clear (B[Bm]);
(*__gmp_free_func) (B, Bmax * sizeof (mpz_t));
mpfr_clears (s, u, v, w, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
/* Let K be the returned value.
1. As we compute an alternating series, the truncation error has the same
sign as the next term w_{K+2} which is positive iff K%4 == 0.
2. Assume that error(z) <= (1+t) z', where z' is the actual value, then
error(s) <= 2 * (K+1) * t (see algorithms.tex).
*/
return 2 * i;
}
/* Compare the result (z1,inex1) of mpfr_pow with all flags cleared
with those of mpfr_pow with all flags set and of the other power
functions. Arguments x and y are the input values; sx and sy are
their string representations (sx may be null); rnd contains the
rounding mode; s is a string containing the function that called
test_others. */
static void
test_others (const void *sx, const char *sy, mpfr_rnd_t rnd,
mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_srcptr y, mpfr_srcptr z1,
int inex1, unsigned int flags, const char *s)
{
mpfr_t z2;
int inex2;
int spx = sx != NULL;
if (!spx)
sx = x;
mpfr_init2 (z2, mpfr_get_prec (z1));
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_pow (z2, x, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_pow, flags set");
/* If y is an integer that fits in an unsigned long and is not -0,
we can test mpfr_pow_ui. */
if (MPFR_IS_POS (y) && mpfr_integer_p (y) &&
mpfr_fits_ulong_p (y, MPFR_RNDN))
{
unsigned long yy = mpfr_get_ui (y, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_pow_ui (z2, x, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_pow_ui, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_pow_ui (z2, x, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_pow_ui, flags set");
/* If x is an integer that fits in an unsigned long and is not -0,
we can also test mpfr_ui_pow_ui. */
if (MPFR_IS_POS (x) && mpfr_integer_p (x) &&
mpfr_fits_ulong_p (x, MPFR_RNDN))
{
unsigned long xx = mpfr_get_ui (x, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_ui_pow_ui (z2, xx, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_ui_pow_ui, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_ui_pow_ui (z2, xx, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_ui_pow_ui, flags set");
}
}
/* If y is an integer but not -0 and not huge, we can test mpfr_pow_z,
and possibly mpfr_pow_si (and possibly mpfr_ui_div). */
if (MPFR_IS_ZERO (y) ? MPFR_IS_POS (y) :
(mpfr_integer_p (y) && MPFR_GET_EXP (y) < 256))
{
mpz_t yyy;
/* If y fits in a long, we can test mpfr_pow_si. */
if (mpfr_fits_slong_p (y, MPFR_RNDN))
{
long yy = mpfr_get_si (y, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_pow_si (z2, x, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_pow_si, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_pow_si (z2, x, yy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_pow_si, flags set");
/* If y = -1, we can test mpfr_ui_div. */
if (yy == -1)
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_ui_div (z2, 1, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_ui_div, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_ui_div (z2, 1, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_ui_div, flags set");
}
/* If y = 2, we can test mpfr_sqr. */
if (yy == 2)
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_sqr (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_sqr, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_sqr (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_sqr, flags set");
}
}
/* Test mpfr_pow_z. */
mpz_init (yyy);
mpfr_get_z (yyy, y, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_pow_z (z2, x, yyy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_pow_z, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_pow_z (z2, x, yyy, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_pow_z, flags set");
mpz_clear (yyy);
}
/* If y = 0.5, we can test mpfr_sqrt, except if x is -0 or -Inf (because
the rule for mpfr_pow on these special values is different). */
if (MPFR_IS_PURE_FP (y) && mpfr_cmp_str1 (y, "0.5") == 0 &&
! ((MPFR_IS_ZERO (x) || MPFR_IS_INF (x)) && MPFR_IS_NEG (x)))
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_sqrt (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_sqrt, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_sqrt (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_sqrt, flags set");
}
#if MPFR_VERSION >= MPFR_VERSION_NUM(2,4,0)
/* If y = -0.5, we can test mpfr_rec_sqrt, except if x = -Inf
(because the rule for mpfr_pow on -Inf is different). */
if (MPFR_IS_PURE_FP (y) && mpfr_cmp_str1 (y, "-0.5") == 0 &&
! (MPFR_IS_INF (x) && MPFR_IS_NEG (x)))
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_rec_sqrt (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_rec_sqrt, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_rec_sqrt (z2, x, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_rec_sqrt, flags set");
}
#endif
/* If x is an integer that fits in an unsigned long and is not -0,
we can test mpfr_ui_pow. */
if (MPFR_IS_POS (x) && mpfr_integer_p (x) &&
mpfr_fits_ulong_p (x, MPFR_RNDN))
{
unsigned long xx = mpfr_get_ui (x, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_ui_pow (z2, xx, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_ui_pow, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_ui_pow (z2, xx, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_ui_pow, flags set");
/* If x = 2, we can test mpfr_exp2. */
if (xx == 2)
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_exp2 (z2, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_exp2, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_exp2 (z2, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_exp2, flags set");
}
/* If x = 10, we can test mpfr_exp10. */
if (xx == 10)
{
mpfr_clear_flags ();
inex2 = mpfr_exp10 (z2, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, flags,
s, "mpfr_exp10, flags cleared");
__gmpfr_flags = MPFR_FLAGS_ALL;
inex2 = mpfr_exp10 (z2, y, rnd);
cmpres (spx, sx, sy, rnd, z1, inex1, z2, inex2, MPFR_FLAGS_ALL,
s, "mpfr_exp10, flags set");
}
}
mpfr_clear (z2);
}
int
mpc_atan (mpc_ptr rop, mpc_srcptr op, mpc_rnd_t rnd)
{
int s_re;
int s_im;
int inex_re;
int inex_im;
int inex;
inex_re = 0;
inex_im = 0;
s_re = mpfr_signbit (mpc_realref (op));
s_im = mpfr_signbit (mpc_imagref (op));
/* special values */
if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_realref (op)) || mpfr_nan_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
{
if (mpfr_nan_p (mpc_realref (op)))
{
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref (op)) || mpfr_inf_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
{
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
if (s_im)
mpc_conj (rop, rop, MPC_RNDNN);
}
else
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
}
else
{
if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_realref (op)))
{
inex_re = set_pi_over_2 (mpc_realref (rop), -s_re, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
}
else
{
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_imagref (rop));
}
}
return MPC_INEX (inex_re, 0);
}
if (mpfr_inf_p (mpc_realref (op)) || mpfr_inf_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
{
inex_re = set_pi_over_2 (mpc_realref (rop), -s_re, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
if (s_im)
mpc_conj (rop, rop, GMP_RNDN);
return MPC_INEX (inex_re, 0);
}
/* pure real argument */
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_imagref (op)))
{
inex_re = mpfr_atan (mpc_realref (rop), mpc_realref (op), MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_imagref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
if (s_im)
mpc_conj (rop, rop, GMP_RNDN);
return MPC_INEX (inex_re, 0);
}
/* pure imaginary argument */
if (mpfr_zero_p (mpc_realref (op)))
{
int cmp_1;
if (s_im)
cmp_1 = -mpfr_cmp_si (mpc_imagref (op), -1);
else
cmp_1 = mpfr_cmp_ui (mpc_imagref (op), +1);
if (cmp_1 < 0)
{
/* atan(+0+iy) = +0 +i*atanh(y), if |y| < 1
atan(-0+iy) = -0 +i*atanh(y), if |y| < 1 */
mpfr_set_ui (mpc_realref (rop), 0, GMP_RNDN);
if (s_re)
mpfr_neg (mpc_realref (rop), mpc_realref (rop), GMP_RNDN);
inex_im = mpfr_atanh (mpc_imagref (rop), mpc_imagref (op), MPC_RND_IM (rnd));
}
else if (cmp_1 == 0)
{
/* atan(+/-0+i) = NaN +i*inf
atan(+/-0-i) = NaN -i*inf */
mpfr_set_nan (mpc_realref (rop));
mpfr_set_inf (mpc_imagref (rop), s_im ? -1 : +1);
}
else
{
/* atan(+0+iy) = +pi/2 +i*atanh(1/y), if |y| > 1
atan(-0+iy) = -pi/2 +i*atanh(1/y), if |y| > 1 */
mpfr_rnd_t rnd_im, rnd_away;
mpfr_t y;
mpfr_prec_t p, p_im;
int ok;
rnd_im = MPC_RND_IM (rnd);
mpfr_init (y);
p_im = mpfr_get_prec (mpc_imagref (rop));
p = p_im;
/* a = o(1/y) with error(a) < 1 ulp(a)
b = o(atanh(a)) with error(b) < (1+2^{1+Exp(a)-Exp(b)}) ulp(b)
As |atanh (1/y)| > |1/y| we have Exp(a)-Exp(b) <=0 so, at most,
2 bits of precision are lost.
We round atanh(1/y) away from 0.
*/
do
{
p += mpc_ceil_log2 (p) + 2;
mpfr_set_prec (y, p);
rnd_away = s_im == 0 ? GMP_RNDU : GMP_RNDD;
inex_im = mpfr_ui_div (y, 1, mpc_imagref (op), rnd_away);
/* FIXME: should we consider the case with unreasonably huge
precision prec(y)>3*exp_min, where atanh(1/Im(op)) could be
representable while 1/Im(op) underflows ?
This corresponds to |y| = 0.5*2^emin, in which case the
result may be wrong. */
/* atanh cannot underflow: |atanh(x)| > |x| for |x| < 1 */
inex_im |= mpfr_atanh (y, y, rnd_away);
ok = inex_im == 0
|| mpfr_can_round (y, p - 2, rnd_away, GMP_RNDZ,
p_im + (rnd_im == GMP_RNDN));
} while (ok == 0);
inex_re = set_pi_over_2 (mpc_realref (rop), -s_re, MPC_RND_RE (rnd));
inex_im = mpfr_set (mpc_imagref (rop), y, rnd_im);
mpfr_clear (y);
}
return MPC_INEX (inex_re, inex_im);
}
/* regular number argument */
{
mpfr_t a, b, x, y;
mpfr_prec_t prec, p;
mpfr_exp_t err, expo;
int ok = 0;
mpfr_t minus_op_re;
mpfr_exp_t op_re_exp, op_im_exp;
mpfr_rnd_t rnd1, rnd2;
mpfr_inits2 (MPFR_PREC_MIN, a, b, x, y, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
/* real part: Re(arctan(x+i*y)) = [arctan2(x,1-y) - arctan2(-x,1+y)]/2 */
minus_op_re[0] = mpc_realref (op)[0];
MPFR_CHANGE_SIGN (minus_op_re);
op_re_exp = mpfr_get_exp (mpc_realref (op));
op_im_exp = mpfr_get_exp (mpc_imagref (op));
prec = mpfr_get_prec (mpc_realref (rop)); /* result precision */
/* a = o(1-y) error(a) < 1 ulp(a)
b = o(atan2(x,a)) error(b) < [1+2^{3+Exp(x)-Exp(a)-Exp(b)}] ulp(b)
= kb ulp(b)
c = o(1+y) error(c) < 1 ulp(c)
d = o(atan2(-x,c)) error(d) < [1+2^{3+Exp(x)-Exp(c)-Exp(d)}] ulp(d)
= kd ulp(d)
e = o(b - d) error(e) < [1 + kb*2^{Exp(b}-Exp(e)}
+ kd*2^{Exp(d)-Exp(e)}] ulp(e)
error(e) < [1 + 2^{4+Exp(x)-Exp(a)-Exp(e)}
+ 2^{4+Exp(x)-Exp(c)-Exp(e)}] ulp(e)
because |atan(u)| < |u|
< [1 + 2^{5+Exp(x)-min(Exp(a),Exp(c))
-Exp(e)}] ulp(e)
f = e/2 exact
*/
/* p: working precision */
p = (op_im_exp > 0 || prec > SAFE_ABS (mpfr_prec_t, op_im_exp)) ? prec
: (prec - op_im_exp);
rnd1 = mpfr_sgn (mpc_realref (op)) > 0 ? GMP_RNDD : GMP_RNDU;
rnd2 = mpfr_sgn (mpc_realref (op)) < 0 ? GMP_RNDU : GMP_RNDD;
do
{
p += mpc_ceil_log2 (p) + 2;
mpfr_set_prec (a, p);
mpfr_set_prec (b, p);
mpfr_set_prec (x, p);
/* x = upper bound for atan (x/(1-y)). Since atan is increasing, we
need an upper bound on x/(1-y), i.e., a lower bound on 1-y for
x positive, and an upper bound on 1-y for x negative */
mpfr_ui_sub (a, 1, mpc_imagref (op), rnd1);
if (mpfr_sgn (a) == 0) /* y is near 1, thus 1+y is near 2, and
expo will be 1 or 2 below */
{
MPC_ASSERT (mpfr_cmp_ui (mpc_imagref(op), 1) == 0);
/* check for intermediate underflow */
err = 2; /* ensures err will be expo below */
}
else
err = mpfr_get_exp (a); /* err = Exp(a) with the notations above */
mpfr_atan2 (x, mpc_realref (op), a, GMP_RNDU);
/* b = lower bound for atan (-x/(1+y)): for x negative, we need a
lower bound on -x/(1+y), i.e., an upper bound on 1+y */
mpfr_add_ui (a, mpc_imagref(op), 1, rnd2);
/* if a is exactly zero, i.e., Im(op) = -1, then the error on a is 0,
and we can simply ignore the terms involving Exp(a) in the error */
if (mpfr_sgn (a) == 0)
{
MPC_ASSERT (mpfr_cmp_si (mpc_imagref(op), -1) == 0);
/* check for intermediate underflow */
expo = err; /* will leave err unchanged below */
}
else
expo = mpfr_get_exp (a); /* expo = Exp(c) with the notations above */
mpfr_atan2 (b, minus_op_re, a, GMP_RNDD);
err = err < expo ? err : expo; /* err = min(Exp(a),Exp(c)) */
mpfr_sub (x, x, b, GMP_RNDU);
err = 5 + op_re_exp - err - mpfr_get_exp (x);
/* error is bounded by [1 + 2^err] ulp(e) */
err = err < 0 ? 1 : err + 1;
mpfr_div_2ui (x, x, 1, GMP_RNDU);
/* Note: using RND2=RNDD guarantees that if x is exactly representable
on prec + ... bits, mpfr_can_round will return 0 */
ok = mpfr_can_round (x, p - err, GMP_RNDU, GMP_RNDD,
prec + (MPC_RND_RE (rnd) == GMP_RNDN));
} while (ok == 0);
/* Imaginary part
Im(atan(x+I*y)) = 1/4 * [log(x^2+(1+y)^2) - log (x^2 +(1-y)^2)] */
prec = mpfr_get_prec (mpc_imagref (rop)); /* result precision */
/* a = o(1+y) error(a) < 1 ulp(a)
b = o(a^2) error(b) < 5 ulp(b)
c = o(x^2) error(c) < 1 ulp(c)
d = o(b+c) error(d) < 7 ulp(d)
e = o(log(d)) error(e) < [1 + 7*2^{2-Exp(e)}] ulp(e) = ke ulp(e)
f = o(1-y) error(f) < 1 ulp(f)
g = o(f^2) error(g) < 5 ulp(g)
h = o(c+f) error(h) < 7 ulp(h)
i = o(log(h)) error(i) < [1 + 7*2^{2-Exp(i)}] ulp(i) = ki ulp(i)
j = o(e-i) error(j) < [1 + ke*2^{Exp(e)-Exp(j)}
+ ki*2^{Exp(i)-Exp(j)}] ulp(j)
error(j) < [1 + 2^{Exp(e)-Exp(j)} + 2^{Exp(i)-Exp(j)}
+ 7*2^{3-Exp(j)}] ulp(j)
< [1 + 2^{max(Exp(e),Exp(i))-Exp(j)+1}
+ 7*2^{3-Exp(j)}] ulp(j)
k = j/4 exact
*/
err = 2;
p = prec; /* working precision */
do
{
p += mpc_ceil_log2 (p) + err;
mpfr_set_prec (a, p);
mpfr_set_prec (b, p);
mpfr_set_prec (y, p);
/* a = upper bound for log(x^2 + (1+y)^2) */
ROUND_AWAY (mpfr_add_ui (a, mpc_imagref (op), 1, MPFR_RNDA), a);
mpfr_sqr (a, a, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_sqr (y, mpc_realref (op), GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_add (a, a, y, GMP_RNDU);
mpfr_log (a, a, GMP_RNDU);
/* b = lower bound for log(x^2 + (1-y)^2) */
mpfr_ui_sub (b, 1, mpc_imagref (op), GMP_RNDZ); /* round to zero */
mpfr_sqr (b, b, GMP_RNDZ);
/* we could write mpfr_sqr (y, mpc_realref (op), GMP_RNDZ) but it is
more efficient to reuse the value of y (x^2) above and subtract
one ulp */
mpfr_nextbelow (y);
mpfr_add (b, b, y, GMP_RNDZ);
mpfr_log (b, b, GMP_RNDZ);
mpfr_sub (y, a, b, GMP_RNDU);
if (mpfr_zero_p (y))
/* FIXME: happens when x and y have very different magnitudes;
could be handled more efficiently */
ok = 0;
else
{
expo = MPC_MAX (mpfr_get_exp (a), mpfr_get_exp (b));
expo = expo - mpfr_get_exp (y) + 1;
err = 3 - mpfr_get_exp (y);
/* error(j) <= [1 + 2^expo + 7*2^err] ulp(j) */
if (expo <= err) /* error(j) <= [1 + 2^{err+1}] ulp(j) */
err = (err < 0) ? 1 : err + 2;
else
err = (expo < 0) ? 1 : expo + 2;
mpfr_div_2ui (y, y, 2, GMP_RNDN);
MPC_ASSERT (!mpfr_zero_p (y));
/* FIXME: underflow. Since the main term of the Taylor series
in y=0 is 1/(x^2+1) * y, this means that y is very small
and/or x very large; but then the mpfr_zero_p (y) above
should be true. This needs a proof, or better yet,
special code. */
ok = mpfr_can_round (y, p - err, GMP_RNDU, GMP_RNDD,
prec + (MPC_RND_IM (rnd) == GMP_RNDN));
}
} while (ok == 0);
inex = mpc_set_fr_fr (rop, x, y, rnd);
mpfr_clears (a, b, x, y, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
return inex;
}
}