int32_t
ppb_video_capture_open(PP_Resource video_capture, PP_Resource device_ref,
                       const struct PP_VideoCaptureDeviceInfo_Dev *requested_info,
                       uint32_t buffer_count, struct PP_CompletionCallback callback)
{
    int32_t result;
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    const char *capture_device = default_capture_device;
    struct PP_Var longname = ppb_device_ref_get_longname(device_ref);

    if (longname.type == PP_VARTYPE_STRING)
        capture_device = ppb_var_var_to_utf8(longname, NULL);

    vc->fd = v4l2_open(capture_device, O_RDWR);

    ppb_var_release(longname);

    if (vc->fd < 0) {
        result = PP_ERROR_NOACCESS;
        goto point_1;
    }

    struct v4l2_capability caps;
    if (v4l2_ioctl(vc->fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &caps) != 0) {
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_2;
    }

#ifdef V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS
    const uint32_t device_caps = (caps.capabilities & V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS) ? caps.device_caps
                                                                            : caps.capabilities;
#else
    const uint32_t device_caps = caps.capabilities;
#endif // V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS

    if (!(device_caps & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
        trace_error("%s, device can't capture\n", __func__);
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_2;
    }

    if (!(device_caps & V4L2_CAP_READWRITE)) {
        trace_error("%s, device doesn't support read/write interface\n", __func__);
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_2;
    }

    if (requested_info) {
        vc->width =  requested_info->width;
        vc->height = requested_info->height;
        vc->fps =    requested_info->frames_per_second;
    } else {
        vc->width =  640;
        vc->height = 480;
        vc->fps =    15;
    }

    struct v4l2_format fmt = {
        .type =                 V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE,
        .fmt.pix.width =        vc->width,
        .fmt.pix.height =       vc->height,
        .fmt.pix.pixelformat =  V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420,    // PPAPI hardcodes format to YUV420
        .fmt.pix.field =        V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED,
    };

    if (v4l2_ioctl(vc->fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) != 0) {
        trace_error("%s, failed to set resolution\n", __func__);
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_2;
    }

    vc->width =  fmt.fmt.pix.width;
    vc->height = fmt.fmt.pix.height;

    vc->buffer_size = fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage;    // buffer size in bytes
    vc->buffer_count = MAX(buffer_count, 5);    // limit lowest number of buffers, just in case

    vc->buffers = calloc(sizeof(*vc->buffers), vc->buffer_count);
    if (!vc->buffers) {
        trace_error("%s, memory allocation failure (1)\n", __func__);
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_2;
    }

    vc->buffer_is_free = malloc(sizeof(*vc->buffer_is_free) * vc->buffer_count);
    if (!vc->buffer_is_free) {
        trace_error("%s, memory allocation failure (2)\n", __func__);
        result = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        goto point_3;
    }

    for (unsigned int k = 0; k < vc->buffer_count; k ++) {
        vc->buffer_is_free[k] = 1;
        vc->buffers[k] = ppb_buffer_create(vc->instance->id, vc->buffer_size);
        if (vc->buffers[k] == 0)
            goto point_4;
    }

    struct PP_VideoCaptureDeviceInfo_Dev info = {
        .width =             vc->width,
        .height =            vc->height,
        .frames_per_second = vc->fps,
    };

    vc->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnDeviceInfo(vc->instance->id, video_capture, &info,
                                            vc->buffer_count, vc->buffers);

    result = PP_OK;
    goto point_1;

point_4:
    for (unsigned int k = 0; k < vc->buffer_count; k ++)
        ppb_core_release_resource(vc->buffers[k]);
    free_and_nullify(vc->buffer_is_free);
point_3:
    free_and_nullify(vc->buffers);
point_2:
    v4l2_close(vc->fd);
    vc->fd = -1;
point_1:
    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    ppb_core_call_on_main_thread2(0, callback, result, __func__);
    return PP_OK_COMPLETIONPENDING;
}

struct on_buffer_ready_param_s {
    PP_Instance                            instance;
    PP_Resource                            video_capture;
    uint32_t                               buf_idx;
    const struct PPP_VideoCapture_Dev_0_1 *ppp_video_capture_dev;
};

static
void
on_buffer_ready_comt(void *user_data, int32_t result)
{
    struct on_buffer_ready_param_s *p = user_data;
    struct pp_instance_s *pp_i = tables_get_pp_instance(p->instance);
    if (!pp_i)
        return;

    p->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnBufferReady(p->instance, p->video_capture, p->buf_idx);
    g_slice_free1(sizeof(*p), p);
}

static
void *
video_capture_thread(void *param)
{
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = param;

    PP_Resource  video_capture = vc->self_id;
    PP_Instance  instance = vc->instance->id;
    const int    fd = vc->fd;
    const size_t buffer_size = vc->buffer_size;

    vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc)
        goto gone;

    while (!vc->terminate_thread) {
        // find free buffer
        uint32_t buf_idx = (uint32_t)-1;
        for (uint32_t k = 0; k < vc->buffer_count; k ++) {
            if (vc->buffer_is_free[k]) {
                buf_idx = k;
                vc->buffer_is_free[k] = 0;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (buf_idx == (uint32_t)-1) {
            // all buffers are busy, wait for some to free, with resource unlocked
            pp_resource_release(video_capture);
            usleep(10);
            vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
            if (!vc)
                goto gone;
            continue;
        }

        PP_Resource buffer = vc->buffers[buf_idx];
        pp_resource_release(video_capture);

        // wait on v4l2_read() with resource unlocked
        void *ptr = ppb_buffer_map(buffer);
        RETRY_ON_EINTR(v4l2_read(fd, ptr, buffer_size));
        ppb_buffer_unmap(buffer);

        vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
        if (!vc)
            goto gone;

        struct on_buffer_ready_param_s *p = g_slice_alloc(sizeof(*p));
        p->instance =               instance;
        p->video_capture =          video_capture;
        p->buf_idx =                buf_idx;
        p->ppp_video_capture_dev =  vc->ppp_video_capture_dev;
        ppb_core_call_on_main_thread2(0, PP_MakeCCB(on_buffer_ready_comt, p), PP_OK, __func__);
    }

    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    return NULL;

gone:
    trace_error("%s, resource gone\n", __func__);
    return NULL;
}

int32_t
ppb_video_capture_start_capture(PP_Resource video_capture)
{
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    if (vc->thread_started)
        goto done;

    if (vc->fd < 0) {
        trace_error("%s, device is closed\n", __func__);
        pp_resource_release(video_capture);
        return PP_ERROR_FAILED;
    }

    vc->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnStatus(vc->instance->id, video_capture,
                                        PP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_STATUS_STARTING);

    pp_resource_ref(video_capture); // prevents freeing while thread is still running
    pthread_create(&vc->thread, NULL, video_capture_thread, vc);
    vc->thread_started = 1;

    vc->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnStatus(vc->instance->id, video_capture,
                                        PP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_STATUS_STARTED);

done:
    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    return PP_OK;
}

int32_t
ppb_video_capture_reuse_buffer(PP_Resource video_capture, uint32_t buffer)
{
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    if (buffer < vc->buffer_count)
        vc->buffer_is_free[buffer] = 1;

    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    return PP_OK;
}

int32_t
ppb_video_capture_stop_capture(PP_Resource video_capture)
{
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    if (!vc->thread_started)
        goto done;

    vc->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnStatus(vc->instance->id, video_capture,
                                        PP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_STATUS_STOPPING);

    vc->terminate_thread = 1;
    pthread_t thread = vc->thread;

    pp_resource_release(video_capture);

    pthread_join(thread, NULL);

    vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, resource gone\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    vc->thread_started = 0;
    vc->terminate_thread = 0;
    vc->ppp_video_capture_dev->OnStatus(vc->instance->id, video_capture,
                                        PP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_STATUS_STOPPED);

    pp_resource_unref(video_capture);   // remove reference made in start_capture()

done:
    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    return PP_OK;
}

void
ppb_video_capture_close(PP_Resource video_capture)
{
    ppb_video_capture_stop_capture(video_capture);

    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return;
    }

    ppb_video_capture_destroy(vc);

    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    return;
}


// trace wrappers
TRACE_WRAPPER
PP_Resource
trace_ppb_video_capture_create(PP_Instance instance)
{
    trace_info("[PPB] {full} %s instance=%d\n", __func__+6, instance);
    return ppb_video_capture_create(instance);
}
static
void
url_loader_open_ptac(void *user_data)
{
    struct url_loader_open_param_s *p = user_data;
    struct pp_instance_s *pp_i = tables_get_pp_instance(p->instance_id);

    if (!pp_i) {
        p->retval = NPERR_INVALID_INSTANCE_ERROR;
        goto quit;
    }

    if (p->method == PP_METHOD_POST) {
        // POST request
        char   *tmpfname;
        int     fd;
        FILE   *fp = NULL;
        int     need_newline = 0;

        tmpfname = g_strdup_printf("/tmp/FreshPostBodyXXXXXX");    // TODO: make configurable

        fd = mkstemp(tmpfname);
        if (fd < 0) {
            p->retval = NPERR_GENERIC_ERROR;
            goto err;
        }

        fp = fdopen(fd, "wb+");
        if (!fp) {
            close(fd);
            p->retval = NPERR_GENERIC_ERROR;
            goto err;
        }

        if (p->request_headers) {
            fprintf(fp, "%s\n", p->request_headers);
            need_newline = 1;
        }
        if (p->custom_referrer_url) {
            // the header name should be "referer", that's how it's spelled in HTTP spec
            fprintf(fp, "Referer: %s\n", p->custom_referrer_url);
            need_newline = 1;
        }
        if (p->custom_content_transfer_encoding) {
            fprintf(fp, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: %s\n", p->custom_content_transfer_encoding);
            need_newline = 1;
        }
        if (p->custom_user_agent) {
            fprintf(fp, "User-Agent: %s\n", p->custom_user_agent);
            need_newline = 1;
        }

        if (p->post_data) {
            size_t post_len = post_data_get_all_item_length(p->post_data);

            if (post_len == (size_t)-1) {
                // PP_ERROR_FILECHANGED?
                goto err;
            }

            if (post_len > 0) {
                fprintf(fp, "Content-Length: %"PRIu64"\n", (uint64_t)post_len);
                need_newline = 1;
            }
        }

        if (need_newline)
            fprintf(fp, "\n");

        if (p->post_data) {
            for (guint k = 0; k < p->post_data->len; k ++)
                post_data_write_to_fp(p->post_data, k, fp);
        }

        fclose(fp); // flush all unwritten data and close the file
        fp = NULL;  // avoid calling fclose() twice

        if (p->target) {
            p->retval = npn.posturl(pp_i->npp, p->url, p->target, strlen(tmpfname), tmpfname, true);
        } else {
            p->retval = npn.posturlnotify(pp_i->npp, p->url, NULL, strlen(tmpfname), tmpfname, true,
                                          (void*)(size_t)p->loader);
        }
err:
        if (fp)
            fclose(fp);
        unlink(tmpfname);
        g_free(tmpfname);
    } else {
        // GET request
        if (p->target) {
            p->retval = npn.geturl(pp_i->npp, p->url, p->target);
        } else {
            p->retval = npn.geturlnotify(pp_i->npp, p->url, NULL, (void*)(size_t)p->loader);
        }
    }

quit:
    ppb_core_release_resource(p->loader);
    ppb_message_loop_post_quit_depth(p->m_loop, PP_FALSE, p->depth);
}
int32_t
ppb_video_capture_enumerate_devices(PP_Resource video_capture, struct PP_ArrayOutput output,
                                    struct PP_CompletionCallback callback)
{
    int32_t retval;
    struct pp_video_capture_s *vc = pp_resource_acquire(video_capture, PP_RESOURCE_VIDEO_CAPTURE);
    if (!vc) {
        trace_error("%s, bad resource\n", __func__);
        return PP_ERROR_BADRESOURCE;
    }

    GArray *vc_devices = g_array_new(FALSE, TRUE, sizeof(PP_Resource));

    struct dirent **namelist;
    int n = scandir("/dev/v4l/by-path", &namelist, NULL, NULL);
    if (n >= 0) {
        for (int k = 0; k < n; k ++) {
            if (strcmp(namelist[k]->d_name, ".") == 0)
                continue;
            if (strcmp(namelist[k]->d_name, "..") == 0)
                continue;

            char *fullpath = g_strdup_printf("/dev/v4l/by-path/%s", namelist[k]->d_name);
            char *shortname = NULL;
            if (video_device_is_usable(fullpath, &shortname)) {
                PP_Resource device;

                device = ppb_device_ref_create(vc->instance->id,
                                               ppb_var_var_from_utf8_z(shortname),
                                               ppb_var_var_from_utf8_z(fullpath),
                                               PP_DEVICETYPE_DEV_VIDEOCAPTURE);
                g_array_append_val(vc_devices, device);
                free(shortname);
            }
            g_free(fullpath);
        }

        for (int k = 0; k < n; k ++)
            free(namelist[k]);
        free(namelist);
    }

    PP_Resource *devs = output.GetDataBuffer(output.user_data, vc_devices->len,
                                             sizeof(PP_Resource));
    if (!devs) {
        retval = PP_ERROR_FAILED;
        for (int k = 0; k < vc_devices->len; k ++)
            ppb_core_release_resource(g_array_index(vc_devices, PP_Resource, k));
        goto err;
    }

    for (int k = 0; k < vc_devices->len; k ++)
        devs[k] = g_array_index(vc_devices, PP_Resource, k);

    retval = PP_OK_COMPLETIONPENDING;
    ppb_core_call_on_main_thread2(0, callback, PP_OK, __func__);

err:
    pp_resource_release(video_capture);
    g_array_free(vc_devices, TRUE);
    return retval;
}