void print_bitstring(unsigned char * _x, unsigned char _n) { unsigned int i; // compute number of elements in _x div_t d = div(_n, 8); unsigned int N = d.quot + (d.rem ? 1 : 0); // print leader printf(" "); if (d.rem == 0) printf(" "); for (i=0; i<8-d.rem-1; i++) printf(" "); // print bitstring for (i=0; i<N; i++) { if (i==0 && d.rem) print_bitstring_short(_x[i], d.rem); else print_bitstring_short(_x[i], 8); printf(" "); } printf("\n"); }
int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { unsigned int i; // error vector [22 x 1] unsigned char err[3] = {0x00, 0x0000, 0x0001}; // original message [16 x 1] unsigned char m[2] = {0x0000, 0x0001}; m[0] = rand() & 0xffff; m[1] = rand() & 0xffff; // derived values unsigned char v[3]; // encoded/transmitted message unsigned char e[3]; // error vector unsigned char r[3]; // received vector unsigned char s; // syndrome vector unsigned char e_hat[3] = {0,0,0}; // estimated error vector unsigned char v_hat[3]; // estimated transmitted message unsigned char m_hat[2]; // estimated original message #if 0 // print P matrix printf("P : \n"); print_bitstring(&P[ 0],16); print_bitstring(&P[ 2],16); print_bitstring(&P[ 4],16); print_bitstring(&P[ 6],16); print_bitstring(&P[ 8],16); print_bitstring(&P[10],16); #endif // original message printf("m (original message): "); print_bitstring(m,16); // compute encoded/transmitted message: v = m*G v[0] = 0; for (i=0; i<6; i++) { v[0] <<= 1; unsigned int p = liquid_c_ones[P[2*i+0] & m[0]] + liquid_c_ones[P[2*i+1] & m[1]]; printf("p = %u\n", p); v[0] |= p & 0x01; } v[1] = m[0]; v[2] = m[1]; printf("v (encoded message): "); print_bitstring(v,22); // use pre-determined error vector e[0] = err[0]; e[1] = err[1]; e[2] = err[2]; printf("e (error vector): "); print_bitstring(e,22); // compute received vector: r = v + e r[0] = v[0] ^ e[0]; r[1] = v[1] ^ e[1]; r[2] = v[2] ^ e[2]; printf("r (received vector): "); print_bitstring(r,22); // compute syndrome vector, s = r*H^T = ( H*r^T )^T s = 0; for (i=0; i<6; i++) { s <<= 1; unsigned int p = ( (r[0] & (1<<(6-i-1))) ? 1 : 0 )+ liquid_count_ones(P[2*i+0] & r[1]) + liquid_count_ones(P[2*i+1] & r[2]); //printf("p = %u\n", p); s |= p & 0x01; } printf("s (syndrome vector): "); print_bitstring(&s,6); // compute weight of s unsigned int ws = liquid_count_ones(s); printf("weight(s) = %u\n", ws); if (ws == 0) { printf("no errors detected\n"); } else { // estimate error location unsigned char e_test[3] = {0x00, 0x0000, 0x0001}; int syndrome_match = 0; // TODO : these can be pre-computed unsigned int n; for (n=0; n<22; n++) { // compute syndrome unsigned int s_test = 0; for (i=0; i<6; i++) { s_test <<= 1; unsigned int p = ( (e_test[0] & (1<<(6-i-1))) ? 1 : 0 )+ liquid_count_ones(P[2*i+0] & e_test[1]) + liquid_count_ones(P[2*i+1] & e_test[2]); s_test |= p & 0x01; } #if 1 // print results //printf("e_test:"); print_bitstring(e_test, 72); printf("%3u : e = ", n); print_bitstring_short(e_test[0],6); printf(" "); print_bitstring_short(e_test[1],8); printf(" "); print_bitstring_short(e_test[2],8); printf(" "); printf(", s = "); print_bitstring_short(s_test,6); if (s == s_test) printf(" *"); printf("\n"); #else // print output array (secded2216_syndrome_w1[]) printf("0x%.2x\n", s_test); #endif if (s == s_test) { memmove(e_hat, e_test, sizeof(e_test)); syndrome_match = 1; } // shift e_test e_test[0] = (e_test[0] << 1) | ((e_test[1] & 0x80) ? 1 : 0); e_test[1] = (e_test[1] << 1) | ((e_test[2] & 0x80) ? 1 : 0); e_test[2] <<= 1; } if (syndrome_match) { printf("syndrome match!\n"); } else { printf("no syndrome match; expected multiple errors\n"); } } // compute estimated transmitted message: v_hat = r + e_hat printf("e-hat (estimated error):"); print_bitstring(e_hat,22); printf("v-hat (estimated tx): "); v_hat[0] = r[0] ^ e_hat[0]; v_hat[1] = r[1] ^ e_hat[1]; v_hat[2] = r[2] ^ e_hat[2]; print_bitstring(v_hat,22); // compute estimated original message: (last 16 bits of encoded message) m_hat[0] = v_hat[1]; m_hat[1] = v_hat[2]; printf("m-hat (estimated orig.):"); print_bitstring(m_hat,16); // compute errors between v, v_hat unsigned int num_errors_encoded = count_bit_errors(v[0], v_hat[0]) + count_bit_errors(v[1], v_hat[1]) + count_bit_errors(v[2], v_hat[2]); printf("decoding errors (encoded) : %2u / 22\n", num_errors_encoded); // compute errors between m, m_hat unsigned int num_errors_decoded = count_bit_errors(m[0], m_hat[0]) + count_bit_errors(m[1], m_hat[1]); printf("decoding errors (original) : %2u / 16\n", num_errors_decoded); return 0; }
int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { unsigned int i; // error vector [72 x 1] unsigned char e[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2}; // original message [64 x 1] unsigned char m[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1}; // derived values unsigned char v[9]; // encoded/transmitted message unsigned char r[9]; // received vector unsigned char s; // syndrome vector unsigned char v_hat[9]; // estimated transmitted message unsigned char m_hat[8]; // estimated original message // original message printf("m (original message):\n "); print_bitstring(m,64); // compute encoded/transmitted message: v = m*G v[0] = 0; for (i=0; i<8; i++) { v[0] <<= 1; unsigned int p = liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+0] & m[0] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+1] & m[1] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+2] & m[2] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+3] & m[3] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+4] & m[4] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+5] & m[5] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+6] & m[6] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+7] & m[7] ]; //printf("p = %u\n", p); v[0] |= p & 0x01; } for (i=0; i<8; i++) v[i+1] = m[i]; printf("v (encoded/transmitted message):\n"); print_bitstring(v,72); // use pre-determined error vector printf("e (error vector):\n"); print_bitstring(e,72); // compute received vector: r = v + e for (i=0; i<9; i++) r[i] = v[i] ^ e[i]; printf("r (received vector):\n"); print_bitstring(r,72); // compute syndrome vector, s = r*H^T = ( H*r^T )^T s = 0; for (i=0; i<8; i++) { s <<= 1; unsigned int p = ( (r[0] & (1<<(8-i-1))) ? 1 : 0 )+ liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+0] & r[1] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+1] & r[2] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+2] & r[3] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+3] & r[4] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+4] & r[5] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+5] & r[6] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+6] & r[7] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+7] & r[8] ]; printf("p = %u\n", p); s |= p & 0x01; } printf("s (syndrome vector):\n"); print_bitstring(&s,8); // compute weight of s unsigned int ws = liquid_count_ones(s); printf("w(s) = %u\n", ws); // estimated error vector unsigned char e_hat[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; if (ws == 0) { printf("no errors detected\n"); } else { // estimate error location int syndrome_match = 0; // TODO : these can be pre-computed unsigned int n; for (n=0; n<72; n++) { // compute syndrome unsigned char e_test[9] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; unsigned char s_hat = 0; div_t d = div(n,8); e_test[9-d.quot-1] = 1 << d.rem; for (i=0; i<8; i++) { s_hat <<= 1; unsigned int p = ( (e_test[0] & (1<<(8-i-1))) ? 1 : 0 )+ liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+0] & e_test[1] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+1] & e_test[2] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+2] & e_test[3] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+3] & e_test[4] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+4] & e_test[5] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+5] & e_test[6] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+6] & e_test[7] ] + liquid_c_ones[ P[8*i+7] & e_test[8] ]; s_hat |= p & 0x01; } // print results //printf("e_test:"); print_bitstring(e_test, 72); printf("%2u e=", n); for (i=0; i<9; i++) { print_bitstring_short(e_test[i],8); printf(" "); } printf("s="); print_bitstring_short(s_hat,8); if (s == s_hat) printf("*"); printf("\n"); if (s == s_hat) { memmove(e_hat, e_test, 9*sizeof(unsigned char)); syndrome_match = 1; } } if (syndrome_match) { printf("syndrome match!\n"); } else { printf("no syndrome match; expected multiple errors\n"); } } // compute estimated transmitted message: v_hat = r + e_hat printf("e-hat (estimated error vector):\n"); print_bitstring(e_hat,72); printf("v-hat (estimated transmitted vector):\n"); for (i=0; i<9; i++) v_hat[i] = r[i] ^ e_hat[i]; print_bitstring(v_hat,72); //print_bitstring(v, 72); // compute errors between v, v_hat unsigned int num_errors_encoded = count_bit_errors_array(v, v_hat, 9); printf("decoding errors (encoded) : %2u / 72\n", num_errors_encoded); // compute estimated original message: (last 64 bits of encoded message) for (i=0; i<9; i++) m_hat[i] = v_hat[i+1]; printf("m-hat (estimated original vector):\n "); print_bitstring(m_hat,64); //print_bitstring(m, 64); // compute errors between m, m_hat unsigned int num_errors_decoded = count_bit_errors_array(m, m_hat, 8); printf("decoding errors (original) : %2u / 64\n", num_errors_decoded); return 0; }