int main(int argc, char *argv[])
/**********************************************************************
vicNl.c Dag Lohmann January 1996
This program controls file I/O and variable initialization as well as
being the primary driver for the model.
For details about variables, input files and subroutines check:
http://ce.washington.edu/~hydro/Lettenmaier/Models/VIC/VIC_home.html
UNITS: unless otherwise marked:
all water balance components are in mm
all energy balance components are in mks
depths, and lengths are in m
modifications:
1997-98 Model was updated from simple 2 layer water balance to
an extension of the full energy and water balance 3 layer
model. KAC
02-27-01 added controls for lake model KAC
11-18-02 Updated storage of lake water for water balance
calculations. LCB
03-12-03 Modifed to add AboveTreeLine to soil_con_struct so that
the model can make use of the computed treeline. KAC
04-10-03 Modified to initialize storm parameters using the state
file. KAC
04-10-03 Modified to start the model by skipping records until the
state file date is found. This replaces the previous method
of modifying the global file start date, which can change
the interpolation of atmospheric forcing data. KAC
04-15-03 Modified to store wet and dry fractions when intializing
water balance storage. This accounts for changes in model
state initialization, which now stores wet and dry fractions
rather than just averagedvalues. KAC
29-Oct-03 Modified the version display banner to print the version
string defined in global.h. TJB
01-Nov-04 Updated arglist for make_dist_prcp(), as part of fix for
QUICK_FLUX state file compatibility. TJB
02-Nov-04 Updated arglist for read_lakeparam(), as part of fix for
lake fraction readjustment. TJB
2005-Apr-13 OUTPUT_FORCE option now calls close_files(). TJB
2006-Sep-23 Implemented flexible output configuration; uses the new
out_data, out_data_files, and save_data structures. TJB
2006-Oct-16 Merged infiles and outfiles structs into filep_struct;
This included merging builtnames into filenames. TJB
2006-Nov-07 Removed LAKE_MODEL option. TJB
2006-Nov-07 Changed statefile to init_state in call to
check_state_file(). TJB
2007-Jan-15 Added PRT_HEADER option; added call to
write_header(). TJB
2007-Apr-04 Added option to continue run after a cell fails. GCT/KAC
2007-Apr-21 Added calls to free_dmy(), free_out_data_files(),
free_out_data(), and free_veglib(). Added closing of
all parameter files. TJB
2007-Aug-21 Return ErrorFlag from initialize_model_state. JCA
2007-Sep-14 Excluded calls to free_veglib() and closing of parameter
files other than the soil param file for the case
when OUTPUT_FORCE=TRUE. TJB
2007-Nov-06 Moved computation of cell_area from read_lakeparam() to
read_soilparam() and read_soilparam_arc(). TJB
2008-May-05 Added prcp fraction (mu) to initial water storage
computation. This solves water balance errors for the
case where DIST_PRCP is TRUE. TJB
2009-Jan-16 Added soil_con.avgJulyAirTemp to argument list of
initialize_atmos(). TJB
2009-Jun-09 Modified to use extension of veg_lib structure to contain
bare soil information. TJB
2009-Jul-07 Added soil_con.BandElev[] to read_snowband() arg list. TJB
2009-Jul-31 Replaced references to N+1st veg tile with references
to index of lake/wetland tile. TJB
2009-Sep-28 Replaced initial water/energy storage computations and
calls to calc_water_balance_error/calc_energy_balance_error
with an initial call to put_data. Modified the call to
read_snowband(). TJB
2009-Dec-11 Removed save_data structure from argument list of
initialize_model_state(). TJB
2010-Mar-31 Added cell_area to initialize_atmos(). TJB
2010-Apr-28 Removed individual soil_con variables from argument list
of initialize_atmos() and replaced with *soil_con. TJB
2010-Nov-10 Added closing of state files. TJB
2011-Jan-04 Made read_soilparam_arc() a sub-function of
read_soilparam(). TJB
2012-Jan-16 Removed LINK_DEBUG code BN
**********************************************************************/
{
extern veg_lib_struct *veg_lib;
extern option_struct options;
extern Error_struct Error;
extern global_param_struct global_param;
/** Variable Declarations **/
char NEWCELL;
char LASTREC;
char MODEL_DONE;
char RUN_MODEL;
char *init_STILL_STORM;
char ErrStr[MAXSTRING];
int rec, i, j;
int veg;
int dist;
int band;
int Ndist;
int Nveg_type;
int cellnum;
int index;
int *init_DRY_TIME;
int Ncells;
int cell_cnt;
int startrec;
int ErrorFlag;
float mu;
double storage;
double veg_fract;
double band_fract;
double Clake;
dmy_struct *dmy;
atmos_data_struct *atmos;
veg_con_struct *veg_con;
soil_con_struct soil_con;
dist_prcp_struct prcp; /* stores information about distributed
precipitation */
filenames_struct filenames;
filep_struct filep;
lake_con_struct lake_con;
out_data_file_struct *out_data_files;
out_data_struct *out_data;
save_data_struct save_data;
/** Read Model Options **/
initialize_global();
filenames = cmd_proc(argc, argv);
#if VERBOSE
display_current_settings(DISP_VERSION,(filenames_struct*)NULL,(global_param_struct*)NULL);
#endif
/** Read Global Control File **/
filep.globalparam = open_file(filenames.global,"r");
global_param = get_global_param(&filenames, filep.globalparam);
/** Set up output data structures **/
out_data = create_output_list();
out_data_files = set_output_defaults(out_data);
fclose(filep.globalparam);
filep.globalparam = open_file(filenames.global,"r");
parse_output_info(&filenames, filep.globalparam, &out_data_files, out_data);
/** Check and Open Files **/
check_files(&filep, &filenames);
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
/** Read Vegetation Library File **/
veg_lib = read_veglib(filep.veglib,&Nveg_type);
#endif // !OUTPUT_FORCE
/** Initialize Parameters **/
if(options.DIST_PRCP) Ndist = 2;
else Ndist = 1;
cellnum = -1;
/** Make Date Data Structure **/
dmy = make_dmy(&global_param);
/** allocate memory for the atmos_data_struct **/
alloc_atmos(global_param.nrecs, &atmos);
/** Initial state **/
startrec = 0;
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
if ( options.INIT_STATE )
filep.init_state = check_state_file(filenames.init_state, dmy,
&global_param, options.Nlayer,
options.Nnode, &startrec);
/** open state file if model state is to be saved **/
if ( options.SAVE_STATE && strcmp( filenames.statefile, "NONE" ) != 0 )
filep.statefile = open_state_file(&global_param, filenames, options.Nlayer,
options.Nnode);
else filep.statefile = NULL;
#endif // !OUTPUT_FORCE
/************************************
Run Model for all Active Grid Cells
************************************/
MODEL_DONE = FALSE;
cell_cnt=0;
while(!MODEL_DONE) {
soil_con = read_soilparam(filep.soilparam, filenames.soil_dir, &cell_cnt, &RUN_MODEL, &MODEL_DONE);
if(RUN_MODEL) {
#if QUICK_FS
/** Allocate Unfrozen Water Content Table **/
if(options.FROZEN_SOIL) {
for(i=0;i<MAX_LAYERS;i++) {
soil_con.ufwc_table_layer[i] = (double **)malloc((QUICK_FS_TEMPS+1)*sizeof(double *));
for(j=0;j<QUICK_FS_TEMPS+1;j++)
soil_con.ufwc_table_layer[i][j] = (double *)malloc(2*sizeof(double));
}
for(i=0;i<MAX_NODES;i++) {
soil_con.ufwc_table_node[i] = (double **)malloc((QUICK_FS_TEMPS+1)*sizeof(double *));
for(j=0;j<QUICK_FS_TEMPS+1;j++)
soil_con.ufwc_table_node[i][j] = (double *)malloc(2*sizeof(double));
}
}
#endif /* QUICK_FS */
NEWCELL=TRUE;
cellnum++;
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
/** Read Grid Cell Vegetation Parameters **/
veg_con = read_vegparam(filep.vegparam, soil_con.gridcel,
Nveg_type);
calc_root_fractions(veg_con, &soil_con);
if ( options.LAKES )
lake_con = read_lakeparam(filep.lakeparam, soil_con, veg_con);
#endif // !OUTPUT_FORCE
/** Build Gridded Filenames, and Open **/
make_in_and_outfiles(&filep, &filenames, &soil_con, out_data_files);
if (options.PRT_HEADER) {
/** Write output file headers **/
write_header(out_data_files, out_data, dmy, global_param);
}
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
/** Read Elevation Band Data if Used **/
read_snowband(filep.snowband, &soil_con);
/** Make Precipitation Distribution Control Structure **/
prcp = make_dist_prcp(veg_con[0].vegetat_type_num);
#endif // !OUTPUT_FORCE
/**************************************************
Initialize Meteological Forcing Values That
Have not Been Specifically Set
**************************************************/
#if VERBOSE
fprintf(stderr,"Initializing Forcing Data\n");
#endif /* VERBOSE */
initialize_atmos(atmos, dmy, filep.forcing,
#if OUTPUT_FORCE
&soil_con, out_data_files, out_data);
#else /* OUTPUT_FORCE */
&soil_con);
#endif /* OUTPUT_FORCE */
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
/**************************************************
Initialize Energy Balance and Snow Variables
**************************************************/
#if VERBOSE
fprintf(stderr,"Model State Initialization\n");
#endif /* VERBOSE */
ErrorFlag = initialize_model_state(&prcp, dmy[0], &global_param, filep,
soil_con.gridcel, veg_con[0].vegetat_type_num,
options.Nnode, Ndist,
atmos[0].air_temp[NR],
&soil_con, veg_con, lake_con,
&init_STILL_STORM, &init_DRY_TIME);
if ( ErrorFlag == ERROR ) {
if ( options.CONTINUEONERROR == TRUE ) {
// Handle grid cell solution error
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Grid cell %i failed in record %i so the simulation has not finished. An incomplete output file has been generated, check your inputs before rerunning the simulation.\n", soil_con.gridcel, rec);
break;
} else {
// Else exit program on cell solution error as in previous versions
sprintf(ErrStr, "ERROR: Grid cell %i failed in record %i so the simulation has ended. Check your inputs before rerunning the simulation.\n", soil_con.gridcel, rec);
vicerror(ErrStr);
}
}
#if VERBOSE
fprintf(stderr,"Running Model\n");
#endif /* VERBOSE */
/** Update Error Handling Structure **/
Error.filep = filep;
Error.out_data_files = out_data_files;
/** Initialize the storage terms in the water and energy balances **/
/** Sending a negative record number (-global_param.nrecs) to dist_prec() will accomplish this **/
ErrorFlag = dist_prec(&atmos[0], &prcp, &soil_con, veg_con,
&lake_con, dmy, &global_param, &filep, out_data_files,
out_data, &save_data, -global_param.nrecs, cellnum,
NEWCELL, LASTREC, init_STILL_STORM, init_DRY_TIME);
/******************************************
Run Model in Grid Cell for all Time Steps
******************************************/
for ( rec = startrec ; rec < global_param.nrecs; rec++ ) {
if ( rec == global_param.nrecs - 1 ) LASTREC = TRUE;
else LASTREC = FALSE;
ErrorFlag = dist_prec(&atmos[rec], &prcp, &soil_con, veg_con,
&lake_con, dmy, &global_param, &filep,
out_data_files, out_data, &save_data, rec, cellnum,
NEWCELL, LASTREC, init_STILL_STORM, init_DRY_TIME);
if ( ErrorFlag == ERROR ) {
if ( options.CONTINUEONERROR == TRUE ) {
// Handle grid cell solution error
fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Grid cell %i failed in record %i so the simulation has not finished. An incomplete output file has been generated, check your inputs before rerunning the simulation.\n", soil_con.gridcel, rec);
break;
} else {
// Else exit program on cell solution error as in previous versions
sprintf(ErrStr, "ERROR: Grid cell %i failed in record %i so the simulation has ended. Check your inputs before rerunning the simulation.\n", soil_con.gridcel, rec);
vicerror(ErrStr);
}
}
NEWCELL=FALSE;
for ( veg = 0; veg <= veg_con[0].vegetat_type_num; veg++ )
init_DRY_TIME[veg] = -999;
} /* End Rec Loop */
#endif /* !OUTPUT_FORCE */
close_files(&filep,out_data_files,&filenames);
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
#if QUICK_FS
if(options.FROZEN_SOIL) {
for(i=0;i<MAX_LAYERS;i++) {
for(j=0;j<6;j++)
free((char *)soil_con.ufwc_table_layer[i][j]);
free((char *)soil_con.ufwc_table_layer[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<MAX_NODES;i++) {
for(j=0;j<6;j++)
free((char *)soil_con.ufwc_table_node[i][j]);
free((char *)soil_con.ufwc_table_node[i]);
}
}
#endif /* QUICK_FS */
free_dist_prcp(&prcp,veg_con[0].vegetat_type_num);
free_vegcon(&veg_con);
free((char *)soil_con.AreaFract);
free((char *)soil_con.BandElev);
free((char *)soil_con.Tfactor);
free((char *)soil_con.Pfactor);
free((char *)soil_con.AboveTreeLine);
free((char*)init_STILL_STORM);
free((char*)init_DRY_TIME);
#endif /* !OUTPUT_FORCE */
} /* End Run Model Condition */
} /* End Grid Loop */
/** cleanup **/
free_atmos(global_param.nrecs, &atmos);
free_dmy(&dmy);
free_out_data_files(&out_data_files);
free_out_data(&out_data);
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
free_veglib(&veg_lib);
#endif /* !OUTPUT_FORCE */
fclose(filep.soilparam);
#if !OUTPUT_FORCE
fclose(filep.vegparam);
fclose(filep.veglib);
if (options.SNOW_BAND>1)
fclose(filep.snowband);
if (options.LAKES)
fclose(filep.lakeparam);
if ( options.INIT_STATE )
fclose(filep.init_state);
if ( options.SAVE_STATE && strcmp( filenames.statefile, "NONE" ) != 0 )
fclose(filep.statefile);
#endif /* !OUTPUT_FORCE */
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} /* End Main Program */
void alloc_atmos(int nrecs, atmos_data_struct **atmos)
/*******************************************************************
alloc_atmos
Modifications:
01-11-00 Fixed allocation bug KAC
2006-Sep-23 Implemented flexible output configuration; removed
LDAS_OUTPUT and OPTIMIZE compile-time options. TJB
2006-Dec-20 All atmos_data arrays are always dynamically allocated
now. TJB
2010-Mar-31 Added runoff_in. TJB
2010-Sep-24 Renamed runoff_in to channel_in. TJB
2011-Nov-04 Added tskc. TJB
2013-Jul-25 Added Catm, coszen, fdir, and par. TJB
*******************************************************************/
{
extern param_set_struct param_set;
int i;
*atmos = (atmos_data_struct *) calloc(nrecs, sizeof(atmos_data_struct));
if (*atmos == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
for (i = 0; i < nrecs; i++) {
(*atmos)[i].air_temp = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].air_temp == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].Catm = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].Catm == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].channel_in = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].channel_in == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].coszen = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].coszen == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].density = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].density == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].fdir = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].fdir == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].longwave = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].longwave == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].par = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].par == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].prec = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].prec == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].pressure = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].pressure == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].shortwave = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].shortwave == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].snowflag = (char *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(char));
if ((*atmos)[i].snowflag == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].tskc = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].tskc == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].vp = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].vp == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].vpd = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].vpd == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].wind = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].wind == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].irr_run = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].irr_run == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
(*atmos)[i].irr_with = (double *) calloc(NR+1, sizeof(double));
if ((*atmos)[i].irr_with == NULL)
vicerror("Memory allocation error in alloc_atmos().");
}
}
void mtclim42_wrapper(int have_dewpt, int have_shortwave, double hour_offset,
double elevation, double annual_prcp, double lat,
global_param_struct *vic_global, dmy_struct *dmy,
double *prec, double *tmax, double *tmin, double *tskc,
double *vp, double *hourlyrad)
{
control_struct ctrl;
parameter_struct p;
data_struct mtclim42_data;
long ntinys;
double *tiny_radfract;
/* allocate space for the tiny_radfract array */
ntinys = (long) 86400L/(long)SRADDT;
ntinys *= 366L;
tiny_radfract = (double *) calloc(ntinys, sizeof(double));
if (tiny_radfract == NULL) {
vicerror("Memory allocation error in mtclim42_init() ...\n");
}
/* initialize the mtclim 4.2 data structures */
mtclim42_init(have_dewpt, elevation, annual_prcp, lat, vic_global, dmy, prec,
tmax, tmin, hourlyrad, tiny_radfract, &ctrl, &p,
&mtclim42_data);
/* calculate daily air temperatures */
if (calc_tair(&ctrl, &p, &mtclim42_data)) {
vicerror("Error in calc_tair()... exiting\n");
}
/* calculate daily precipitation */
if (calc_prcp(&ctrl, &p, &mtclim42_data)) {
vicerror("Error in calc_prcp()... exiting\n");
}
/* test for the presence of Tdew observations, and branch to the
appropriate srad and humidity algorithms */
if (ctrl.indewpt) {
/* calculate srad and humidity using real Tdew data */
if (calc_srad_humidity(&ctrl, &p, &mtclim42_data, tiny_radfract)) {
vicerror("Error in calc_srad_humidity()... exiting\n");
}
}
else { /* no dewpoint temperature data */
/* calculate srad and humidity with iterative algorithm */
if (calc_srad_humidity_iterative(&ctrl, &p, &mtclim42_data,
tiny_radfract)) {
vicerror("Error in calc_srad_humidity_iterative()... exiting\n");
}
}
/* translate the mtclim 4.2 structures back to the VIC data structures */
mtclim42_to_vic(have_dewpt, have_shortwave, hour_offset, vic_global,
dmy, tiny_radfract, &ctrl,&mtclim42_data, tskc, vp,
hourlyrad);
/* clean up */
if (data_free(&ctrl, &mtclim42_data)) {
vicerror("Error in data_free()... exiting\n");
}
free(tiny_radfract);
}
/*****************************************************************************
Function name: CalcAerodynamic()
Purpose : Calculate the aerodynamic resistance for each vegetation
layer, and the wind 2m above the layer boundary. In case of
an overstory, also calculate the wind in the overstory.
The values are normalized based on a reference height wind
speed, Uref, of 1 m/s. To get wind speeds and aerodynamic
resistances for other values of Uref, you need to multiply
the here calculated wind speeds by Uref and divide the
here calculated aerodynamic resistances by Uref
Required :
int NVegLayers - Number of vegetation layers
char OverStory - flag for presence of overstory. Only used if NVegLayers
is equal to 1
double Zref[0] - Reference height for windspeed
double n - Attenuation coefficient for wind in the overstory
double Height - Height of the vegetation layers (top layer first)
double Trunk - Multiplier for Height[0] that indictaes the top of the
trunk space
double *U - Vector of length 2, with wind for vegetation layers
If OverStory == TRUE the first value is the wind in
VIC vegetation, and the second value the wind
in the overstory. Otherwise the first
value is the wind in the VIC vegetation and
the second value is not used.
The third value is aerodynamic resistance over snow.
double *Ra - Vector of length 3, with aerodynamic resistance values.
If OverStory == TRUE the first value is the aerodynamic
resistance for VIC vegetation, and the second
value the aerodynamic resistance for the overstory (for
use in the snow interception routine).
Otherwise the first value is the aerodynamic resistance
for VIC vegetation and the second value is not used.
The third value is aerodynamic resistance over snow.
Returns : void
Modifies :
double *U
double *Ra
Comments :
*****************************************************************************/
void CalcAerodynamic(char OverStory,
int iveg,
int Nveg,
double n,
double Height,
double Z0_SOIL,
double Z0_SNOW,
double *displacement,
double *roughness,
double *Zref,
double Trunk,
double *U,
double *Ra)
{
double d_Lower;
double d_Upper;
double K2;
double Uh;
double Ut;
double Uw;
double Z0_Lower;
double Z0_Upper;
double Zt;
double Zw;
double tmp_wind;
tmp_wind = U[0];
K2 = von_K * von_K;
/* No OverStory, thus maximum one soil layer */
if (OverStory == FALSE) {
if (iveg == Nveg) {
Z0_Lower = Z0_SOIL;
d_Lower = 0;
}
else {
Z0_Lower = *roughness;
d_Lower = *displacement;
}
/* No snow */
U[0] = log((2. + Z0_Lower)/Z0_Lower)/log((Zref[0] - d_Lower)/Z0_Lower);
/****** DHSVM ******
Ra[0] = log((2. + Z0_Lower)/Z0_Lower) * log((Zref[0] - d_Lower)/Z0_Lower)
/K2;
***** Old VIC *****/
Ra[0] = log((2. + (1.0/0.63 - 1.0) * d_Lower) / Z0_Lower)
* log((2. + (1.0/0.63 - 1.0) * d_Lower) / (0.1*Z0_Lower)) / K2;
/******************/
/* Snow */
U[2] = log((2. + Z0_SNOW)/Z0_SNOW)/log(Zref[0]/Z0_SNOW);
Ra[2] = log((2. + Z0_SNOW)/Z0_SNOW) * log(Zref[0]/Z0_SNOW)/K2;
}
/* Overstory present, one or two vegetation layers possible */
else {
Z0_Upper = *roughness;
d_Upper = *displacement;
Z0_Lower = Z0_SOIL;
d_Lower = 0;
Zw = 1.5 * Height - 0.5 * d_Upper;
Zt = Trunk * Height;
if (Zt < (Z0_Lower+d_Lower))
vicerror("ERROR: Trunk space height below \"center\" of lower boundary");
/* Resistance for overstory */
Ra[1] = log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper)/K2
* (Height/(n*(Zw-d_Upper))
* (exp(n*(1-(d_Upper+Z0_Upper)/Height))-1)
+ (Zw-Height)/(Zw-d_Upper)
+ log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/(Zw-d_Upper)));
/* Wind at different levels in the profile */
Uw = log((Zw-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper) / log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper);
Uh = Uw - (1-(Height-d_Upper)/(Zw-d_Upper))
/ log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper);
U[1] = Uh * exp(n * ((Z0_Upper+d_Upper)/Height - 1.));
Ut = Uh * exp(n * (Zt/Height - 1.));
/* resistance at the lower boundary */
/***** Old VIC *****/
U[0] = log((2. + Z0_Upper)/Z0_Upper)/log((Zref[0] - d_Upper)/Z0_Upper);
Ra[0] = log((2. + (1.0/0.63 - 1.0) * d_Upper) / Z0_Upper)
* log((2. + (1.0/0.63 - 1.0) * d_Upper) / (0.1*Z0_Upper)) / K2;
/******************/
/* Snow */
/* case 1: the wind profile to a height of 2m above the lower boundary is
entirely logarithmic */
if (Zt > (2. + Z0_SNOW)) {
U[2] = Ut*log((2.+Z0_SNOW)/Z0_SNOW)/log(Zt/Z0_SNOW);
Ra[2] = log((2.+Z0_SNOW)/Z0_SNOW) * log(Zt/Z0_SNOW)/(K2*Ut);
}
/* case 2: the wind profile to a height of 2m above the lower boundary
is part logarithmic and part exponential, but the top of the overstory
is more than 2 m above the lower boundary */
else if (Height > (2. + Z0_SNOW)) {
U[2] = Uh * exp(n * ((2. + Z0_SNOW)/Height - 1.));
Ra[2] = log(Zt/Z0_SNOW) * log(Zt/Z0_SNOW)/
(K2*Ut) +
Height * log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper) / (n*K2*(Zw-d_Upper)) *
(exp(n*(1-Zt/Height)) - exp(n*(1-(Z0_SNOW+2.)/Height)));
}
/* case 3: the top of the overstory is less than 2 m above the lower
boundary. The wind profile above the lower boundary is part
logarithmic and part exponential, but only extends to the top of the
overstory */
else {
U[2] = Uh;
Ra[2] = log(Zt/Z0_SNOW) * log(Zt/Z0_SNOW)/
(K2*Ut) +
Height * log((Zref[0]-d_Upper)/Z0_Upper) / (n*K2*(Zw-d_Upper)) *
(exp(n*(1-Zt/Height)) - 1);
fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Top of overstory is less than 2 meters above the lower boundary\n");
}
}
if(tmp_wind>0.) {
U[0] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[0] /= tmp_wind;
if(U[1]!=-999) {
U[1] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[1] /= tmp_wind;
}
if(U[2]!=-999) {
U[2] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[2] /= tmp_wind;
}
}
else {
U[0] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[0] = HUGE_RESIST;
if(U[1]!=-999)
U[1] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[1] = HUGE_RESIST;
if(U[2]!=-999)
U[2] *= tmp_wind;
Ra[2] = HUGE_RESIST;
}
}
void mtclim42_init(int have_dewpt, double elevation, double annual_prcp,
double lat, global_param_struct *vic_global, dmy_struct *dmy,
double *prec, double *tmax, double *tmin, double *hourlyrad,
double *tiny_radfract, control_struct *ctrl,
parameter_struct *p, data_struct *mtclim42_data)
{
int i;
int stepspday;
long tinystepspyear;
/* initialize the control structure */
ctrl->ndays = (vic_global->nrecs*vic_global->dt)/24;
if (have_dewpt)
vicerror("have_dewpt not yet implemented...\n");
else
ctrl->indewpt = 0;
ctrl->outhum = 1; /* output vapor pressure */
ctrl->inyear = 0;
/* initialize the parameter structure. Meteorological variables are only
calculated for the mean grid cell elevation. The temperatures are lapsed
outside of the mtclim code. Therefore p->base_elev and p->site_elev are
set to the same value. The same is true for p->base_isoh and
p->site_isoh. */
p->base_elev = elevation;
p->base_isoh = annual_prcp/10.; /* MTCLIM prcp in cm */
p->site_lat = lat;
p->site_elev = elevation;
p->site_slp = 0.;
p->site_asp = 0.;
p->site_isoh = annual_prcp/10.; /* MTCLIM prcp in cm */
p->site_ehoriz = 0.;
p->site_whoriz = 0.;
p->tmax_lr = T_lapse; /* not used since site_elev == base_elev */
p->tmin_lr = T_lapse; /* not used since site_elev == base_elev */
/* allocate space in the data arrays for input and output data */
if (data_alloc(ctrl, mtclim42_data)) {
vicerror("Error in data_alloc()... exiting\n");
}
/* First populate the solar day array with the tmin, tmax, prcp and possibly
the Tdew values for the corresponding local days. At
this point we will not worry about the first and last incomplete solar days
(if there are any). It could be argued that the mtclim method does not
make all that much sense if you only have data for one or two days
anyway. */
/* in this first version we just take care of the daily data, subdaily data
will be implemented later */
/* initialize the data arrays with the vic input data */
stepspday = 24/vic_global->dt;
for (i = 0; i < ctrl->ndays; i++) {
mtclim42_data->yday[i] = dmy[i*stepspday].day_in_year;
mtclim42_data->tmax[i] = tmax[i];
mtclim42_data->tmin[i] = tmin[i];
/* MTCLIM prcp in cm */
mtclim42_data->prcp[i] = prec[i]/10.;
if (have_dewpt)
vicerror("have_dewpt not yet implemented ...\n");
}
tinystepspyear = 366L*(86400L/(long)SRADDT);
for (i = 0; i < tinystepspyear; i++)
tiny_radfract[i] = 0;
}
