Vec3f TraceBase::attenuatedEmission(PathSampleGenerator &sampler,
const Primitive &light,
const Medium *medium,
float expectedDist,
IntersectionTemporary &data,
IntersectionInfo &info,
int bounce,
bool startsOnSurface,
Ray &ray,
Vec3f *transmittance)
{
CONSTEXPR float fudgeFactor = 1.0f + 1e-3f;
if (light.isDirac()) {
ray.setFarT(expectedDist);
} else {
if (!light.intersect(ray, data) || ray.farT()*fudgeFactor < expectedDist)
return Vec3f(0.0f);
}
info.p = ray.pos() + ray.dir()*ray.farT();
info.w = ray.dir();
light.intersectionInfo(data, info);
Vec3f shadow = generalizedShadowRay(sampler, ray, medium, &light, startsOnSurface, true, bounce);
if (transmittance)
*transmittance = shadow;
if (shadow == 0.0f)
return Vec3f(0.0f);
return shadow*light.evalDirect(data, info);
}
bool Cube::intersect(Ray &ray, IntersectionTemporary &data) const
{
Vec3f p = _invRot*(ray.pos() - _pos);
Vec3f d = _invRot*ray.dir();
Vec3f invD = 1.0f/d;
Vec3f relMin((-_scale - p));
Vec3f relMax(( _scale - p));
float ttMin = ray.nearT(), ttMax = ray.farT();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
if (invD[i] >= 0.0f) {
ttMin = max(ttMin, relMin[i]*invD[i]);
ttMax = min(ttMax, relMax[i]*invD[i]);
} else {
ttMax = min(ttMax, relMin[i]*invD[i]);
ttMin = max(ttMin, relMax[i]*invD[i]);
}
}
if (ttMin <= ttMax) {
if (ttMin > ray.nearT() && ttMin < ray.farT()) {
data.primitive = this;
ray.setFarT(ttMin);
data.as<CubeIntersection>()->backSide = false;
} else if (ttMax > ray.nearT() && ttMax < ray.farT()) {
data.primitive = this;
ray.setFarT(ttMax);
data.as<CubeIntersection>()->backSide = true;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Sphere::intersect(Ray &ray, IntersectionTemporary &data) const
{
Vec3f p = ray.pos() - _pos;
float B = p.dot(ray.dir());
float C = p.lengthSq() - _radius*_radius;
float detSq = B*B - C;
if (detSq >= 0.0f) {
float det = std::sqrt(detSq);
float t = -B - det;
if (t < ray.farT() && t > ray.nearT()) {
ray.setFarT(t);
data.primitive = this;
data.as<SphereIntersection>()->backSide = false;
return true;
}
t = -B + det;
if (t < ray.farT() && t > ray.nearT()) {
ray.setFarT(t);
data.primitive = this;
data.as<SphereIntersection>()->backSide = true;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
Vec3f HomogeneousMedium::transmittance(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray) const
{
if (ray.farT() == Ray::infinity())
return Vec3f(0.0f);
else {
return std::exp(-_sigmaT*ray.farT());
}
}
Vec3f ExponentialMedium::transmittance(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray) const
{
float x = _falloffScale*(ray.pos() - _unitPoint).dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
float dx = _falloffScale*ray.dir().dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
if (ray.farT() == Ray::infinity() && dx <= 0.0f)
return Vec3f(0.0f);
else
return std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(x, dx, ray.farT()));
}
float HomogeneousMedium::pdf(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool onSurface) const
{
if (_absorptionOnly) {
return 1.0f;
} else {
if (onSurface)
return std::exp(-ray.farT()*_sigmaT).avg();
else
return (_sigmaT*std::exp(-ray.farT()*_sigmaT)).avg();
}
}
float ExponentialMedium::pdf(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool onSurface) const
{
if (_absorptionOnly) {
return 1.0f;
} else {
float x = _falloffScale*(ray.pos() - _unitPoint).dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
float dx = _falloffScale*ray.dir().dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
Vec3f transmittance = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(x, dx, ray.farT()));
if (onSurface) {
return transmittance.avg();
} else {
return (density(x, dx, ray.farT())*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
}
}
}
Vec3f HomogeneousMedium::transmittanceAndPdfs(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool startOnSurface,
bool endOnSurface, float &pdfForward, float &pdfBackward) const
{
if (ray.farT() == Ray::infinity()) {
pdfForward = pdfBackward = 0.0f;
return Vec3f(0.0f);
} else if (_absorptionOnly) {
pdfForward = pdfBackward = 1.0f;
return std::exp(-_sigmaT*ray.farT());
} else {
Vec3f weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*ray.farT());
pdfForward = endOnSurface ? weight.avg() : (_sigmaT*weight).avg();
pdfBackward = startOnSurface ? weight.avg() : (_sigmaT*weight).avg();
return weight;
}
}
bool Quad::intersect(Ray &ray, IntersectionTemporary &data) const
{
float nDotW = ray.dir().dot(_frame.normal);
if (std::abs(nDotW) < 1e-6f)
return false;
float t = _frame.normal.dot(_base - ray.pos())/nDotW;
if (t < ray.nearT() || t > ray.farT())
return false;
Vec3f q = ray.pos() + t*ray.dir();
Vec3f v = q - _base;
float l0 = v.dot(_edge0)*_invUvSq.x();
float l1 = v.dot(_edge1)*_invUvSq.y();
if (l0 < 0.0f || l0 > 1.0f || l1 < 0.0f || l1 > 1.0f)
return false;
ray.setFarT(t);
QuadIntersection *isect = data.as<QuadIntersection>();
isect->p = q;
isect->u = l0;
isect->v = 1.0f - l1;
isect->backSide = nDotW >= 0.0f;
data.primitive = this;
return true;
}
Vec3f AtmosphericMedium::transmittance(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray) const
{
Vec3f p = (ray.pos() - _center);
float t0 = p.dot(ray.dir());
float t1 = ray.farT() + t0;
float h = (p - t0*ray.dir()).length();
return std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(h, t0, t1));
}
bool Sphere::occluded(const Ray &ray) const
{
Vec3f p = ray.pos() - _pos;
float B = p.dot(ray.dir());
float C = p.lengthSq() - _radius*_radius;
float detSq = B*B - C;
if (detSq >= 0.0f) {
float det = std::sqrt(detSq);
float t = -B - det;
if (t < ray.farT() && t > ray.nearT())
return true;
t = -B + det;
if (t < ray.farT() && t > ray.nearT())
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool MultiQuadLight::intersect(Ray &ray, IntersectionTemporary &data) const
{
QuadLightIntersection *isect = data.as<QuadLightIntersection>();
isect->wasPrimary = ray.isPrimaryRay();
float farT = ray.farT();
_bvh->trace(ray, [&](Ray &ray, uint32 idx, float /*tMin*/) {
_geometry.intersect(ray, idx, isect->isect);
});
if (ray.farT() < farT) {
data.primitive = this;
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool ExponentialMedium::sampleDistance(PathSampleGenerator &sampler, const Ray &ray,
MediumState &state, MediumSample &sample) const
{
if (state.bounce > _maxBounce)
return false;
float x = _falloffScale*(ray.pos() - _unitPoint).dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
float dx = _falloffScale*ray.dir().dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
float maxT = ray.farT();
if (_absorptionOnly) {
if (maxT == Ray::infinity() && dx <= 0.0f)
return false;
sample.t = maxT;
sample.weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(x, dx, ray.farT()));
sample.pdf = 1.0f;
sample.exited = true;
} else {
int component = sampler.nextDiscrete(3);
float sigmaTc = _sigmaT[component];
float xi = 1.0f - sampler.next1D();
float logXi = std::log(xi);
float t = inverseOpticalDepth(x, dx, sigmaTc, logXi);
sample.t = min(t, maxT);
sample.weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(x, dx, sample.t));
sample.exited = (t >= maxT);
if (sample.exited) {
sample.pdf = sample.weight.avg();
} else {
float rho = density(x, dx, sample.t);
sample.pdf = (rho*_sigmaT*sample.weight).avg();
sample.weight *= rho*_sigmaS;
}
sample.weight /= sample.pdf;
state.advance();
}
sample.p = ray.pos() + sample.t*ray.dir();
sample.phase = _phaseFunction.get();
return true;
}
bool AtmosphericMedium::sampleDistance(PathSampleGenerator &sampler, const Ray &ray,
MediumState &state, MediumSample &sample) const
{
if (state.bounce > _maxBounce)
return false;
Vec3f p = (ray.pos() - _center);
float t0 = p.dot(ray.dir());
float h = (p - t0*ray.dir()).length();
float maxT = ray.farT() + t0;
if (_absorptionOnly) {
sample.t = ray.farT();
sample.weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(h, t0, maxT));
sample.pdf = 1.0f;
sample.exited = true;
} else {
int component = sampler.nextDiscrete(3);
float sigmaTc = _sigmaT[component];
float xi = 1.0f - sampler.next1D();
float t = inverseOpticalDepth(h, t0, sigmaTc, xi);
sample.t = min(t, maxT);
sample.weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(h, t0, sample.t));
sample.exited = (t >= maxT);
if (sample.exited) {
sample.pdf = sample.weight.avg();
} else {
float rho = density(h, sample.t);
sample.pdf = (rho*_sigmaT*sample.weight).avg();
sample.weight *= rho*_sigmaS;
}
sample.weight /= sample.pdf;
sample.t -= t0;
state.advance();
}
sample.p = ray.pos() + sample.t*ray.dir();
sample.phase = _phaseFunction.get();
return true;
}
Vec3f ExponentialMedium::transmittanceAndPdfs(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool startOnSurface,
bool endOnSurface, float &pdfForward, float &pdfBackward) const
{
float x = _falloffScale*(ray.pos() - _unitPoint).dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
float dx = _falloffScale*ray.dir().dot(_unitFalloffDirection);
if (ray.farT() == Ray::infinity() && dx <= 0.0f) {
pdfForward = pdfBackward = 0.0f;
return Vec3f(0.0f);
}
Vec3f transmittance = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(x, dx, ray.farT()));
if (_absorptionOnly) {
pdfForward = pdfBackward = 1.0f;
} else {
pdfForward = endOnSurface ? transmittance.avg() : (density(x, dx, ray.farT())*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
pdfBackward = startOnSurface ? transmittance.avg() : (density(x, dx, 0.0f)*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
}
return transmittance;
}
inline RTCRay convert(const Ray &r)
{
RTCRay ray;
ray.org[0] = r.pos().x();
ray.org[1] = r.pos().y();
ray.org[2] = r.pos().z();
ray.dir[0] = r.dir().x();
ray.dir[1] = r.dir().y();
ray.dir[2] = r.dir().z();
ray.tnear = r.nearT();
ray.tfar = r.farT();
ray.geomID = RTC_INVALID_GEOMETRY_ID;
ray.primID = RTC_INVALID_GEOMETRY_ID;
return ray;
}
bool Quad::occluded(const Ray &ray) const
{
float nDotW = ray.dir().dot(_frame.normal);
float t = _frame.normal.dot(_base - ray.pos())/nDotW;
if (t < ray.nearT() || t > ray.farT())
return false;
Vec3f q = ray.pos() + t*ray.dir();
Vec3f v = q - _base;
float l0 = v.dot(_edge0)*_invUvSq.x();
float l1 = v.dot(_edge1)*_invUvSq.y();
if (l0 < 0.0f || l0 > 1.0f || l1 < 0.0f || l1 > 1.0f)
return false;
return true;
}
float AtmosphericMedium::pdf(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool onSurface) const
{
if (_absorptionOnly) {
return 1.0f;
} else {
Vec3f p = (ray.pos() - _center);
float t0 = p.dot(ray.dir());
float t1 = ray.farT() + t0;
float h = (p - t0*ray.dir()).length();
Vec3f transmittance = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(h, t0, t1));
if (onSurface) {
return transmittance.avg();
} else {
return (density(h, t0)*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
}
}
}
Vec3f AtmosphericMedium::transmittanceAndPdfs(PathSampleGenerator &/*sampler*/, const Ray &ray, bool startOnSurface,
bool endOnSurface, float &pdfForward, float &pdfBackward) const
{
Vec3f p = (ray.pos() - _center);
float t0 = p.dot(ray.dir());
float t1 = ray.farT() + t0;
float h = (p - t0*ray.dir()).length();
Vec3f transmittance = std::exp(-_sigmaT*densityIntegral(h, t0, t1));
if (_absorptionOnly) {
pdfForward = pdfBackward = 1.0f;
} else {
pdfForward = endOnSurface ? transmittance.avg() : (density(h, t1)*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
pdfBackward = startOnSurface ? transmittance.avg() : (density(h, t0)*_sigmaT*transmittance).avg();
}
return transmittance;
}
bool Cube::occluded(const Ray &ray) const
{
Vec3f p = _invRot*(ray.pos() - _pos);
Vec3f d = _invRot*ray.dir();
Vec3f invD = 1.0f/d;
Vec3f relMin((-_scale - p));
Vec3f relMax(( _scale - p));
float ttMin = ray.nearT(), ttMax = ray.farT();
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
if (invD[i] >= 0.0f) {
ttMin = max(ttMin, relMin[i]*invD[i]);
ttMax = min(ttMax, relMax[i]*invD[i]);
} else {
ttMax = min(ttMax, relMin[i]*invD[i]);
ttMin = max(ttMin, relMax[i]*invD[i]);
}
}
return ttMin <= ttMax;
}
bool HomogeneousMedium::sampleDistance(PathSampleGenerator &sampler, const Ray &ray,
MediumState &state, MediumSample &sample) const
{
if (state.bounce > _maxBounce)
return false;
float maxT = ray.farT();
if (_absorptionOnly) {
if (maxT == Ray::infinity())
return false;
sample.t = maxT;
sample.weight = std::exp(-_sigmaT*maxT);
sample.pdf = 1.0f;
sample.exited = true;
} else {
int component = sampler.nextDiscrete(3);
float sigmaTc = _sigmaT[component];
float t = -std::log(1.0f - sampler.next1D())/sigmaTc;
sample.t = min(t, maxT);
sample.weight = std::exp(-sample.t*_sigmaT);
sample.exited = (t >= maxT);
if (sample.exited) {
sample.pdf = sample.weight.avg();
} else {
sample.pdf = (_sigmaT*sample.weight).avg();
sample.weight *= _sigmaS;
}
sample.weight /= sample.pdf;
state.advance();
}
sample.p = ray.pos() + sample.t*ray.dir();
sample.phase = _phaseFunction.get();
return true;
}
inline Vec3f TraceBase::generalizedShadowRayImpl(PathSampleGenerator &sampler,
Ray &ray,
const Medium *medium,
const Primitive *endCap,
int bounce,
bool startsOnSurface,
bool endsOnSurface,
float &pdfForward,
float &pdfBackward) const
{
IntersectionTemporary data;
IntersectionInfo info;
float initialFarT = ray.farT();
Vec3f throughput(1.0f);
do {
bool didHit = _scene->intersect(ray, data, info) && info.primitive != endCap;
if (didHit) {
if (!info.bsdf->lobes().hasForward())
return Vec3f(0.0f);
SurfaceScatterEvent event = makeLocalScatterEvent(data, info, ray, nullptr);
// For forward events, the transport direction does not matter (since wi = -wo)
Vec3f transparency = info.bsdf->eval(event.makeForwardEvent(), false);
if (transparency == 0.0f)
return Vec3f(0.0f);
if (ComputePdfs) {
float transparencyScalar = transparency.avg();
pdfForward *= transparencyScalar;
pdfBackward *= transparencyScalar;
}
throughput *= transparency;
bounce++;
if (bounce >= _settings.maxBounces)
return Vec3f(0.0f);
}
if (medium) {
if (ComputePdfs) {
float forward, backward;
throughput *= medium->transmittanceAndPdfs(sampler, ray, startsOnSurface, didHit || endsOnSurface, forward, backward);
pdfForward *= forward;
pdfBackward *= backward;
} else {
throughput *= medium->transmittance(sampler, ray, startsOnSurface, endsOnSurface);
}
}
if (info.primitive == nullptr || info.primitive == endCap)
return bounce >= _settings.minBounces ? throughput : Vec3f(0.0f);
medium = info.primitive->selectMedium(medium, !info.primitive->hitBackside(data));
startsOnSurface = true;
ray.setPos(ray.hitpoint());
initialFarT -= ray.farT();
ray.setNearT(info.epsilon);
ray.setFarT(initialFarT);
} while(true);
return Vec3f(0.0f);
}