// For all selected reductions, remove all parts except those in the first
// iteration (and the PHI). Replace outside uses of the reduced value with uses
// of the first-iteration reduced value (in other words, reroll the selected
// reductions).
void LoopReroll::ReductionTracker::replaceSelected() {
// Fixup reductions to refer to the last instruction associated with the
// first iteration (not the last).
for (DenseSet<int>::iterator RI = Reds.begin(), RIE = Reds.end();
RI != RIE; ++RI) {
int i = *RI;
int j = 0;
for (int e = PossibleReds[i].size(); j != e; ++j)
if (PossibleRedIter[PossibleReds[i][j]] != 0) {
--j;
break;
}
// Replace users with the new end-of-chain value.
SmallInstructionVector Users;
for (Value::use_iterator UI =
PossibleReds[i].getReducedValue()->use_begin(),
UIE = PossibleReds[i].getReducedValue()->use_end(); UI != UIE; ++UI)
Users.push_back(cast<Instruction>(*UI));
for (SmallInstructionVector::iterator J = Users.begin(),
JE = Users.end(); J != JE; ++J)
(*J)->replaceUsesOfWith(PossibleReds[i].getReducedValue(),
PossibleReds[i][j]);
}
}
// Collect all of the users of all of the provided root instructions (combined
// into a single set).
void LoopReroll::DAGRootTracker::collectInLoopUserSet(
const SmallInstructionVector &Roots,
const SmallInstructionSet &Exclude,
const SmallInstructionSet &Final,
DenseSet<Instruction *> &Users) {
for (SmallInstructionVector::const_iterator I = Roots.begin(),
IE = Roots.end(); I != IE; ++I)
collectInLoopUserSet(*I, Exclude, Final, Users);
}
bool LoopReroll::runOnLoop(Loop *L, LPPassManager &LPM) {
if (skipOptnoneFunction(L))
return false;
AA = &getAnalysis<AliasAnalysis>();
LI = &getAnalysis<LoopInfo>();
SE = &getAnalysis<ScalarEvolution>();
TLI = &getAnalysis<TargetLibraryInfo>();
DL = getAnalysisIfAvailable<DataLayout>();
DT = &getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>().getDomTree();
BasicBlock *Header = L->getHeader();
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: F[" << Header->getParent()->getName() <<
"] Loop %" << Header->getName() << " (" <<
L->getNumBlocks() << " block(s))\n");
bool Changed = false;
// For now, we'll handle only single BB loops.
if (L->getNumBlocks() > 1)
return Changed;
if (!SE->hasLoopInvariantBackedgeTakenCount(L))
return Changed;
const SCEV *LIBETC = SE->getBackedgeTakenCount(L);
const SCEV *IterCount =
SE->getAddExpr(LIBETC, SE->getConstant(LIBETC->getType(), 1));
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration count = " << *IterCount << "\n");
// First, we need to find the induction variable with respect to which we can
// reroll (there may be several possible options).
SmallInstructionVector PossibleIVs;
collectPossibleIVs(L, PossibleIVs);
if (PossibleIVs.empty()) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: No possible IVs found\n");
return Changed;
}
ReductionTracker Reductions;
collectPossibleReductions(L, Reductions);
// For each possible IV, collect the associated possible set of 'root' nodes
// (i+1, i+2, etc.).
for (SmallInstructionVector::iterator I = PossibleIVs.begin(),
IE = PossibleIVs.end(); I != IE; ++I)
if (reroll(*I, L, Header, IterCount, Reductions)) {
Changed = true;
break;
}
return Changed;
}
// Reroll the provided loop with respect to the provided induction variable.
// Generally, we're looking for a loop like this:
//
// %iv = phi [ (preheader, ...), (body, %iv.next) ]
// f(%iv)
// %iv.1 = add %iv, 1 <-- a root increment
// f(%iv.1)
// %iv.2 = add %iv, 2 <-- a root increment
// f(%iv.2)
// %iv.scale_m_1 = add %iv, scale-1 <-- a root increment
// f(%iv.scale_m_1)
// ...
// %iv.next = add %iv, scale
// %cmp = icmp(%iv, ...)
// br %cmp, header, exit
//
// Notably, we do not require that f(%iv), f(%iv.1), etc. be isolated groups of
// instructions. In other words, the instructions in f(%iv), f(%iv.1), etc. can
// be intermixed with eachother. The restriction imposed by this algorithm is
// that the relative order of the isomorphic instructions in f(%iv), f(%iv.1),
// etc. be the same.
//
// First, we collect the use set of %iv, excluding the other increment roots.
// This gives us f(%iv). Then we iterate over the loop instructions (scale-1)
// times, having collected the use set of f(%iv.(i+1)), during which we:
// - Ensure that the next unmatched instruction in f(%iv) is isomorphic to
// the next unmatched instruction in f(%iv.(i+1)).
// - Ensure that both matched instructions don't have any external users
// (with the exception of last-in-chain reduction instructions).
// - Track the (aliasing) write set, and other side effects, of all
// instructions that belong to future iterations that come before the matched
// instructions. If the matched instructions read from that write set, then
// f(%iv) or f(%iv.(i+1)) has some dependency on instructions in
// f(%iv.(j+1)) for some j > i, and we cannot reroll the loop. Similarly,
// if any of these future instructions had side effects (could not be
// speculatively executed), and so do the matched instructions, when we
// cannot reorder those side-effect-producing instructions, and rerolling
// fails.
//
// Finally, we make sure that all loop instructions are either loop increment
// roots, belong to simple latch code, parts of validated reductions, part of
// f(%iv) or part of some f(%iv.i). If all of that is true (and all reductions
// have been validated), then we reroll the loop.
bool LoopReroll::reroll(Instruction *IV, Loop *L, BasicBlock *Header,
const SCEV *IterCount,
ReductionTracker &Reductions) {
const SCEVAddRecExpr *RealIVSCEV = cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(SE->getSCEV(IV));
uint64_t Inc = cast<SCEVConstant>(RealIVSCEV->getOperand(1))->
getValue()->getZExtValue();
// The collection of loop increment instructions.
SmallInstructionVector LoopIncs;
uint64_t Scale = Inc;
// The effective induction variable, IV, is normally also the real induction
// variable. When we're dealing with a loop like:
// for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i)
// x[3*i] = ...;
// x[3*i+1] = ...;
// x[3*i+2] = ...;
// then the real IV is still i, but the effective IV is (3*i).
Instruction *RealIV = IV;
if (Inc == 1 && !findScaleFromMul(RealIV, Scale, IV, LoopIncs))
return false;
assert(Scale <= MaxInc && "Scale is too large");
assert(Scale > 1 && "Scale must be at least 2");
// The set of increment instructions for each increment value.
SmallVector<SmallInstructionVector, 32> Roots(Scale-1);
SmallInstructionSet AllRoots;
if (!collectAllRoots(L, Inc, Scale, IV, Roots, AllRoots, LoopIncs))
return false;
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: Found all root induction increments for: " <<
*RealIV << "\n");
// An array of just the possible reductions for this scale factor. When we
// collect the set of all users of some root instructions, these reduction
// instructions are treated as 'final' (their uses are not considered).
// This is important because we don't want the root use set to search down
// the reduction chain.
SmallInstructionSet PossibleRedSet;
SmallInstructionSet PossibleRedLastSet, PossibleRedPHISet;
Reductions.restrictToScale(Scale, PossibleRedSet, PossibleRedPHISet,
PossibleRedLastSet);
// We now need to check for equivalence of the use graph of each root with
// that of the primary induction variable (excluding the roots). Our goal
// here is not to solve the full graph isomorphism problem, but rather to
// catch common cases without a lot of work. As a result, we will assume
// that the relative order of the instructions in each unrolled iteration
// is the same (although we will not make an assumption about how the
// different iterations are intermixed). Note that while the order must be
// the same, the instructions may not be in the same basic block.
SmallInstructionSet Exclude(AllRoots);
Exclude.insert(LoopIncs.begin(), LoopIncs.end());
DenseSet<Instruction *> BaseUseSet;
collectInLoopUserSet(L, IV, Exclude, PossibleRedSet, BaseUseSet);
DenseSet<Instruction *> AllRootUses;
std::vector<DenseSet<Instruction *> > RootUseSets(Scale-1);
bool MatchFailed = false;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < Scale-1 && !MatchFailed; ++i) {
DenseSet<Instruction *> &RootUseSet = RootUseSets[i];
collectInLoopUserSet(L, Roots[i], SmallInstructionSet(),
PossibleRedSet, RootUseSet);
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: base use set size: " << BaseUseSet.size() <<
" vs. iteration increment " << (i+1) <<
" use set size: " << RootUseSet.size() << "\n");
if (BaseUseSet.size() != RootUseSet.size()) {
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
// In addition to regular aliasing information, we need to look for
// instructions from later (future) iterations that have side effects
// preventing us from reordering them past other instructions with side
// effects.
bool FutureSideEffects = false;
AliasSetTracker AST(*AA);
// The map between instructions in f(%iv.(i+1)) and f(%iv).
DenseMap<Value *, Value *> BaseMap;
assert(L->getNumBlocks() == 1 && "Cannot handle multi-block loops");
for (BasicBlock::iterator J1 = Header->begin(), J2 = Header->begin(),
JE = Header->end(); J1 != JE && !MatchFailed; ++J1) {
if (cast<Instruction>(J1) == RealIV)
continue;
if (cast<Instruction>(J1) == IV)
continue;
if (!BaseUseSet.count(J1))
continue;
if (PossibleRedPHISet.count(J1)) // Skip reduction PHIs.
continue;
while (J2 != JE && (!RootUseSet.count(J2) ||
std::find(Roots[i].begin(), Roots[i].end(), J2) !=
Roots[i].end())) {
// As we iterate through the instructions, instructions that don't
// belong to previous iterations (or the base case), must belong to
// future iterations. We want to track the alias set of writes from
// previous iterations.
if (!isa<PHINode>(J2) && !BaseUseSet.count(J2) &&
!AllRootUses.count(J2)) {
if (J2->mayWriteToMemory())
AST.add(J2);
// Note: This is specifically guarded by a check on isa<PHINode>,
// which while a valid (somewhat arbitrary) micro-optimization, is
// needed because otherwise isSafeToSpeculativelyExecute returns
// false on PHI nodes.
if (!isSimpleLoadStore(J2) && !isSafeToSpeculativelyExecute(J2, DL))
FutureSideEffects = true;
}
++J2;
}
if (!J1->isSameOperationAs(J2)) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 << "\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
// Make sure that this instruction, which is in the use set of this
// root instruction, does not also belong to the base set or the set of
// some previous root instruction.
if (BaseUseSet.count(J2) || AllRootUses.count(J2)) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 << " (prev. case overlap)\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
// Make sure that we don't alias with any instruction in the alias set
// tracker. If we do, then we depend on a future iteration, and we
// can't reroll.
if (J2->mayReadFromMemory()) {
for (AliasSetTracker::iterator K = AST.begin(), KE = AST.end();
K != KE && !MatchFailed; ++K) {
if (K->aliasesUnknownInst(J2, *AA)) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 << " (depends on future store)\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
}
}
// If we've past an instruction from a future iteration that may have
// side effects, and this instruction might also, then we can't reorder
// them, and this matching fails. As an exception, we allow the alias
// set tracker to handle regular (simple) load/store dependencies.
if (FutureSideEffects &&
((!isSimpleLoadStore(J1) && !isSafeToSpeculativelyExecute(J1)) ||
(!isSimpleLoadStore(J2) && !isSafeToSpeculativelyExecute(J2)))) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 <<
" (side effects prevent reordering)\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
// For instructions that are part of a reduction, if the operation is
// associative, then don't bother matching the operands (because we
// already know that the instructions are isomorphic, and the order
// within the iteration does not matter). For non-associative reductions,
// we do need to match the operands, because we need to reject
// out-of-order instructions within an iteration!
// For example (assume floating-point addition), we need to reject this:
// x += a[i]; x += b[i];
// x += a[i+1]; x += b[i+1];
// x += b[i+2]; x += a[i+2];
bool InReduction = Reductions.isPairInSame(J1, J2);
if (!(InReduction && J1->isAssociative())) {
bool Swapped = false, SomeOpMatched = false;;
for (unsigned j = 0; j < J1->getNumOperands() && !MatchFailed; ++j) {
Value *Op2 = J2->getOperand(j);
// If this is part of a reduction (and the operation is not
// associatve), then we match all operands, but not those that are
// part of the reduction.
if (InReduction)
if (Instruction *Op2I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op2))
if (Reductions.isPairInSame(J2, Op2I))
continue;
DenseMap<Value *, Value *>::iterator BMI = BaseMap.find(Op2);
if (BMI != BaseMap.end())
Op2 = BMI->second;
else if (std::find(Roots[i].begin(), Roots[i].end(),
(Instruction*) Op2) != Roots[i].end())
Op2 = IV;
if (J1->getOperand(Swapped ? unsigned(!j) : j) != Op2) {
// If we've not already decided to swap the matched operands, and
// we've not already matched our first operand (note that we could
// have skipped matching the first operand because it is part of a
// reduction above), and the instruction is commutative, then try
// the swapped match.
if (!Swapped && J1->isCommutative() && !SomeOpMatched &&
J1->getOperand(!j) == Op2) {
Swapped = true;
} else {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 << " (operand " << j << ")\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
}
SomeOpMatched = true;
}
}
if ((!PossibleRedLastSet.count(J1) && hasUsesOutsideLoop(J1, L)) ||
(!PossibleRedLastSet.count(J2) && hasUsesOutsideLoop(J2, L))) {
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: iteration root match failed at " << *J1 <<
" vs. " << *J2 << " (uses outside loop)\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
if (!MatchFailed)
BaseMap.insert(std::pair<Value *, Value *>(J2, J1));
AllRootUses.insert(J2);
Reductions.recordPair(J1, J2, i+1);
++J2;
}
}
if (MatchFailed)
return false;
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: Matched all iteration increments for " <<
*RealIV << "\n");
DenseSet<Instruction *> LoopIncUseSet;
collectInLoopUserSet(L, LoopIncs, SmallInstructionSet(),
SmallInstructionSet(), LoopIncUseSet);
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: Loop increment set size: " <<
LoopIncUseSet.size() << "\n");
// Make sure that all instructions in the loop have been included in some
// use set.
for (BasicBlock::iterator J = Header->begin(), JE = Header->end();
J != JE; ++J) {
if (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(J))
continue;
if (cast<Instruction>(J) == RealIV)
continue;
if (cast<Instruction>(J) == IV)
continue;
if (BaseUseSet.count(J) || AllRootUses.count(J) ||
(LoopIncUseSet.count(J) && (J->isTerminator() ||
isSafeToSpeculativelyExecute(J, DL))))
continue;
if (AllRoots.count(J))
continue;
if (Reductions.isSelectedPHI(J))
continue;
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: aborting reroll based on " << *RealIV <<
" unprocessed instruction found: " << *J << "\n");
MatchFailed = true;
break;
}
if (MatchFailed)
return false;
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: all instructions processed from " <<
*RealIV << "\n");
if (!Reductions.validateSelected())
return false;
// At this point, we've validated the rerolling, and we're committed to
// making changes!
Reductions.replaceSelected();
// Remove instructions associated with non-base iterations.
for (BasicBlock::reverse_iterator J = Header->rbegin();
J != Header->rend();) {
if (AllRootUses.count(&*J)) {
Instruction *D = &*J;
DEBUG(dbgs() << "LRR: removing: " << *D << "\n");
D->eraseFromParent();
continue;
}
++J;
}
// Insert the new induction variable.
const SCEV *Start = RealIVSCEV->getStart();
if (Inc == 1)
Start = SE->getMulExpr(Start,
SE->getConstant(Start->getType(), Scale));
const SCEVAddRecExpr *H =
cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(SE->getAddRecExpr(Start,
SE->getConstant(RealIVSCEV->getType(), 1),
L, SCEV::FlagAnyWrap));
{ // Limit the lifetime of SCEVExpander.
SCEVExpander Expander(*SE, "reroll");
Value *NewIV = Expander.expandCodeFor(H, IV->getType(), Header->begin());
for (DenseSet<Instruction *>::iterator J = BaseUseSet.begin(),
JE = BaseUseSet.end(); J != JE; ++J)
(*J)->replaceUsesOfWith(IV, NewIV);
if (BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(Header->getTerminator())) {
if (LoopIncUseSet.count(BI)) {
const SCEV *ICSCEV = RealIVSCEV->evaluateAtIteration(IterCount, *SE);
if (Inc == 1)
ICSCEV =
SE->getMulExpr(ICSCEV, SE->getConstant(ICSCEV->getType(), Scale));
// Iteration count SCEV minus 1
const SCEV *ICMinus1SCEV =
SE->getMinusSCEV(ICSCEV, SE->getConstant(ICSCEV->getType(), 1));
Value *ICMinus1; // Iteration count minus 1
if (isa<SCEVConstant>(ICMinus1SCEV)) {
ICMinus1 = Expander.expandCodeFor(ICMinus1SCEV, NewIV->getType(), BI);
} else {
BasicBlock *Preheader = L->getLoopPreheader();
if (!Preheader)
Preheader = InsertPreheaderForLoop(L, this);
ICMinus1 = Expander.expandCodeFor(ICMinus1SCEV, NewIV->getType(),
Preheader->getTerminator());
}
Value *Cond = new ICmpInst(BI, CmpInst::ICMP_EQ, NewIV, ICMinus1,
"exitcond");
BI->setCondition(Cond);
if (BI->getSuccessor(1) != Header)
BI->swapSuccessors();
}
}
}
SimplifyInstructionsInBlock(Header, DL, TLI);
DeleteDeadPHIs(Header, TLI);
++NumRerolledLoops;
return true;
}