bool Cone::intersectBody( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
vec3f d = r.getDirection();
vec3f p = r.getPosition();
double a = (d[0]*d[0]) + (d[1]*d[1]) - (C*d[2]*d[2]);
double b = 2.0 * (d[0]*p[0] + d[1]*p[1] - C*d[2]*p[2]) - B*d[2];
double c = (p[0]*p[0]) + (p[1]*p[1]) - A - (B*p[2]) - (C*p[2]*p[2]);
double disc = b*b - 4.0*a*c;
if( disc <= 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
disc = sqrt( disc );
double t1 = (-b - disc) / (2.0 * a);
double t2 = (-b + disc) / (2.0 * a);
if( t2 < RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
if( t1 > RAY_EPSILON ) {
// Two intersections.
vec3f P = r.at( t1 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= height ) {
// It's okay.
i.t = t1;
double p3 = -C*P[2] + (b_radius - t_radius)*b_radius / height;
i.N = vec3f(P[0], P[1], p3).normalize();
#ifdef _DEBUG
printf("two intersections!\n");
#endif
return true;
}
}
vec3f P = r.at( t2 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= height ) {
i.t = t2;
double p3 = -C*P[2] + (b_radius - t_radius)*b_radius / height;
i.N = vec3f(P[0], P[1], p3).normalize();
// In case we are _inside_ the _uncapped_ cone, we need to flip the normal.
// Essentially, the cone in this case is a double-sided surface
// and has _2_ normals
if( !capped && (i.N).dot( r.getDirection() ) > 0 )
i.N = -i.N;
#ifdef _DEBUG
printf("one intersection!\n");
#endif
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Sphere::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
Vec3d v = -r.getPosition();
double b = v * r.getDirection();
double discriminant = b*b - v*v + 1;
if( discriminant < 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
discriminant = sqrt( discriminant );
double t2 = b + discriminant;
if( t2 <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
i.obj = this;
double t1 = b - discriminant;
if( t1 > RAY_EPSILON ) {
i.t = t1;
i.N = r.at( t1 );
i.N.normalize();
} else {
i.t = t2;
i.N = r.at( t2 );
i.N.normalize();
}
return true;
}
Segments CSGNode::intersectLocal(const ray& r) const{
Segments ret;
if (isLeaf){
SegmentPoint pNear, pFar;
isect i;
ray backR(r.at(-10000), r.getDirection());
if(!item->intersect(backR, i))return ret;
pNear.t = i.t - 10000;
pNear.normal = i.N;
pNear.isRight = false;
ray contiR(r.at(pNear.t+RAY_EPSILON*10),r.getDirection());
if (!item->intersect(contiR, i))pFar = pNear;
else {
pFar.t = i.t + pNear.t;
pFar.normal = i.N;
}
pFar.isRight = true;
ret.addPoint(pNear);
ret.addPoint(pFar);
return ret;
}
else {
if (!lchild || !rchild)return ret;
Segments leftSeg, rightSeg;
leftSeg = lchild->intersectLocal(r);
rightSeg = rchild->intersectLocal(r);
leftSeg.Merge(rightSeg,relation);
return leftSeg;
}
}
bool Cylinder::intersectCaps( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
if( !capped ) {
return false;
}
double pz = r.getPosition()[2];
double dz = r.getDirection()[2];
if( 0.0 == dz ) {
return false;
}
double t1;
double t2;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
t1 = (-pz)/dz;
t2 = (1.0-pz)/dz;
} else {
t1 = (1.0-pz)/dz;
t2 = (-pz)/dz;
}
if( t2 < RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
if( t1 >= RAY_EPSILON ) {
vec3f p( r.at( t1 ) );
if( (p[0]*p[0] + p[1]*p[1]) <= 1.0 ) {
i.t = t1;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
// Intersection with cap at z = 0.
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
} else {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
return true;
}
}
vec3f p( r.at( t2 ) );
if( (p[0]*p[0] + p[1]*p[1]) <= 1.0 ) {
i.t = t2;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
// Intersection with cap at z = 1.
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
} else {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Cone::intersectBody( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
vec3f d = r.getDirection();
vec3f p = r.getPosition();
double a = (d[0]*d[0]) + (d[1]*d[1]) - (C*d[2]*d[2]);
double b = 2.0 * (d[0]*p[0] + d[1]*p[1] - C*d[2]*p[2]) - B*d[2];
double c = (p[0]*p[0]) + (p[1]*p[1]) - A - (B*p[2]) - (C*p[2]*p[2]);
double disc = b*b - 4.0*a*c;
if( disc <= 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
disc = sqrt( disc );
double t1 = (-b - disc) / (2.0 * a);
double t2 = (-b + disc) / (2.0 * a);
if( t2 < RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
if( t1 > RAY_EPSILON ) {
// Two intersections.
vec3f P = r.at( t1 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= height ) {
double n3 = -C*P[2] + (b_radius - t_radius)*b_radius / height;
i.t = t1;
i.N = vec3f( P[0], P[1], n3).normalize();
if (!capped && (i.N).dot(r.getDirection()) > 0)
i.N = -i.N;
return true;
}
}
vec3f P = r.at( t2 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= height ) {
double n3 = -C*P[2] + (b_radius - t_radius)*b_radius / height;
i.t = t2;
i.N = vec3f( P[0], P[1], n3).normalize();
if( !capped && (i.N).dot( r.getDirection() ) > 0 )
i.N = -i.N;
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Intersect ray r with the triangle abc. If it hits returns true,
// and puts the t parameter, barycentric coordinates, normal, object id,
// and object material in the isect object
bool TrimeshFace::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
const Vec3d& a = parent->vertices[ids[0]];
const Vec3d& b = parent->vertices[ids[1]];
const Vec3d& c = parent->vertices[ids[2]];
// tangent vectors
Vec3d t1 = b - a;
Vec3d t2 = c - a;
Vec3d n = crossProd(t1,t2);
double D = -n*a;
// if the surface is parallel to the ray there is no intersection
if(r.getDirection()*n == 0)
{
return false;
}
double t = -(n*r.getPosition() + D)/(n*r.getDirection() );
if (t <= RAY_EPSILON)
return false;
// point of intersection with the same plane (doesn't mean intersection with triangle) p(t)=p+t*d
Vec3d p = r.at(t);
// triangle area
double A = n.length()/2.0;
// barycentric coords
double wa = crossProd(c-b, p-b).length() / (2.0*A);
double wb = crossProd(a-c, p-c).length() / (2.0*A);
double wc = crossProd(b-a, p-a).length() / (2.0*A);
if((wa >= 0.0) && (wb >= 0.0) && (wc >= 0.0) && (wa+wb+wc-1.0 <= 0.00001)) {
i.setT(t);
i.setBary(wa, wb, wc);
if (parent->normals.size() == 0) {
i.setN(n);
} else {
Vec3d inter_n = wa*parent->normals[ids[0]] + wb*parent->normals[ids[1]]
+ wc*parent->normals[ids[2]];
inter_n.normalize();
i.setN(inter_n);
}
i.setObject(this);
if (parent->materials.size() == 0) {
i.setMaterial(this->getMaterial() );
} else {
Material inter_m = wa*(*parent->materials[ids[0]]);
inter_m += wb*(*parent->materials[ids[1]]);
inter_m += wc*(*parent->materials[ids[2]]);
i.setMaterial(inter_m);
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Square::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
vec3f p = r.getPosition();
vec3f d = r.getDirection();
if( d[2] == 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
double t = -p[2]/d[2];
if( t <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
vec3f P = r.at( t );
if( P[0] < -0.5 || P[0] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
if( P[1] < -0.5 || P[1] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
i.obj = this;
i.t = t;
if( d[2] > 0.0 ) {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
} else {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
return true;
}
// Apply the Blinn-Phong model to this point on the surface of the object,
// returning the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the Phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// You will need to call both distanceAttenuation() and shadowAttenuation()
// somewhere in your code in order to compute shadows and light falloff.
if (debugMode)
std::cout << "Debugging the Phong code (or lack thereof...)" << std::endl;
// When you're iterating through the lights,
// you'll want to use code that looks something
// like this:
Vec3d light = ke(i);
Vec3d normal = i.N;
Vec3d iDot = r.at(i.t);
if (r.getDirection() * normal > 0) {
normal = -normal;
light += prod(prod(scene->ambient(), ka(i)), kt(i));
}
else {
light += prod(scene->ambient(), ka(i));
}
for (vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
litr != scene->endLights();
++litr)
{
Light* pLight = *litr;
double distAttenuation = pLight->distanceAttenuation(iDot);
Vec3d shadowAttenuation = pLight->shadowAttenuation(iDot);
Vec3d atten = distAttenuation * shadowAttenuation;
Vec3d L = pLight->getDirection(iDot);
if (L * normal > 0) {
Vec3d H = (L + -1 * r.getDirection());
if (H.length() != 0)
H.normalize();
double sDot = max(0.0, normal * H);
Vec3d dTerm = kd(i) * (normal * L);
Vec3d sTerm = ks(i) * (pow(sDot, shininess(i)));
Vec3d newLight = dTerm + sTerm;
newLight = prod(newLight, pLight->getColor());
light += prod(atten, newLight);
}
}
return light;
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade(Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i) const
{
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
Vec3d I = m.ke(i) + prod(m.ka(i) ,scene->ambient());
Vec3d R = 2*(-r.getDirection() * i.N)*i.N +r.getDirection();
for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
litr != scene->endLights();
++litr )
{
Vec3d atten = (*litr)->distanceAttenuation(r.at(i.t)) * (*litr)->shadowAttenuation(r,r.at(i.t));
I += prod(atten,(m.kd(i)*max((i.N * (*litr)->getDirection(r.at(i.t)) ), 0.0) + m.ks(i) * max(((scene->getCamera().getEye() - r.at(i.t)) *R),0.0)));
}
// You will need to call both the distanceAttenuation() and
// shadowAttenuation() methods for each light source in order to
// compute shadows and light falloff.
return I;
}
double surface_planeDIY::hit(const ray &emission_ray, const surface **hit_surface_ptr) const {
double t = surface_plane::hit(emission_ray, hit_surface_ptr);
point3D hit_point;
double x, y;
if (t < epsilon) return -1;
hit_point = emission_ray.at(t);
x = (hit_point - point_on_plane) * axis_x;
y = (hit_point - point_on_plane) * axis_y;
if (fn(x, y)) return t;
return -1;
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
vec3f Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// You will need to call both distanceAttenuation() and shadowAttenuation()
// somewhere in your code in order to compute shadows and light falloff.
//intersection point
vec3f point = r.at(i.t);
bool istransmissive = abs(index - 1.0) > NORMAL_EPSILON || !kt.iszero();
vec3f rate = vec3f(1, 1, 1) - kt;
vec3f I = ke;
//ambient
if (istransmissive) I += scene->ambient.time(ka).time(rate).clamp();
else I += scene->ambient.time(ka).clamp();
list<Light*>::const_iterator begin = scene->beginLights();
list<Light*>::const_iterator end = scene->endLights();
while (begin != end)
{
vec3f atten = (*begin)->shadowAttenuation(point) * (*begin)->distanceAttenuation(point);
vec3f L = (*begin)->getDirection(point);
double NL = i.N.dot(L);
//diffuse
if (istransmissive) I += (atten * NL).time(kd).time(rate).clamp();
else I += (atten * NL).time(kd).clamp();
//specular
vec3f R = i.N * (2 * NL) - L;
double RV = -R.dot(r.getDirection());
//TODO: where is n£¿
double n = 64;
I += (atten * pow(RV, n)).time(ks).clamp();
begin++;
}
return I;
}
//Test
// now the object is in the local coordinate rather than the global
bool Square::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
// get the parameters of the ray
Vec3d p = r.getPosition();
Vec3d d = r.getDirection();
// if the ray is perpendicular to the z-axis
if( d[2] == 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
// calculate the value of t
double t = -p[2]/d[2];
// if the intersection is too close to the source
// then we don't count that as a intersection
if( t <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
Vec3d P = r.at( t );
if( P[0] < -0.5 || P[0] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
if( P[1] < -0.5 || P[1] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
i.obj = this;
i.t = t;
if( d[2] > 0.0 ) {
i.N = Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
} else {
i.N = Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
i.setUVCoordinates( Vec2d(P[0] + 0.5, P[1] + 0.5) );
return true;
}
vec3f PointLight::_shadowAttenuation(const vec3f& P, const ray& r) const
{
double distance = (position - P).length();
vec3f d = r.getDirection();
vec3f result = getColor(P);
vec3f curP = r.getPosition();
isect isecP;
ray newr(curP, d);
while (scene->intersect(newr, isecP))
{
//prevent going beyond this light
if ((distance -= isecP.t) < RAY_EPSILON) return result;
//if not transparent return black
if (isecP.getMaterial().kt.iszero()) return vec3f(0, 0, 0);
//use current intersection point as new light source
curP = r.at(isecP.t);
newr = ray(curP, d);
result = prod(result, isecP.getMaterial().kt);
}
return result;
}
intersection_context surface_mobius::intersect(const ray &emission_ray) const {
if (!collision_test(emission_ray)) {
return null_intersect;
}
double ox = emission_ray.origin.x;
double oy = emission_ray.origin.y;
double oz = emission_ray.origin.z;
double dx = emission_ray.dir.x;
double dy = emission_ray.dir.y;
double dz = emission_ray.dir.z;
double R = radius;
double coef_0 = 0, coef_1 = 0, coef_2 = 0, coef_3 = 0;
coef_0 = ox * ox * oy + oy * oy * oy - 2 * ox * ox * oz - 2 * oy * oy * oz + oy * oz * oz - 2 * ox * oz * R - oy * R * R;
coef_1 = dy * ox * ox - 2 * dz * ox * ox + 2 * dx * ox * oy + 3 * dy * oy * oy - 2 * dz * oy * oy - 4 * dx * ox * oz - 4 * dy * oy * oz + 2 * dz * oy * oz + dy * oz * oz - 2 * dz * ox * R - 2 * dx * oz * R - dy * R * R;
coef_2 = 2 * dx * dy * ox - 4 * dx * dz * ox + dx * dx * oy + 3 * dy * dy * oy - 4 * dy * dz * oy + dz * dz * oy - 2 * dx * dx * oz - 2 * dy * dy * oz + 2 * dy * dz * oz - 2 * dx * dz * R;
coef_3 = dx * dx * dy + dy * dy * dy - 2 * dx * dx * dz - 2 * dy * dy * dz + dy * dz * dz;
std::vector<double> coef, result;
coef.push_back(coef_0);
coef.push_back(coef_1);
coef.push_back(coef_2);
coef.push_back(coef_3);
result = equation_solve(coef, 3);
for (std::vector<double>::iterator iter = result.begin(); iter != result.end(); ++iter) {
if (*iter > epsilon && inside(emission_ray.at(*iter))) {
return intersection_context(*iter);
}
}
return null_intersect;
}
//Test
bool Square::intersectLocal(ray& r, isect& i) const
{
Vec3d p = r.getPosition();
Vec3d d = r.getDirection();
if( d[2] == 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
double t = -p[2]/d[2];
if( t <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
Vec3d P = r.at( t );
if( P[0] < -0.5 || P[0] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
if( P[1] < -0.5 || P[1] > 0.5 ) {
return false;
}
i.obj = this;
i.setMaterial(this->getMaterial());
i.t = t;
if( d[2] > 0.0 ) {
i.N = Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
} else {
i.N = Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
i.setUVCoordinates( Vec2d(P[0] + 0.5, P[1] + 0.5) );
return true;
}
// Do recursive ray tracing! You'll want to insert a lot of code here
// (or places called from here) to handle reflection, refraction, etc etc.
vec3f RayTracer::traceRay( Scene *scene, const ray& r,
const vec3f& thresh, int depth )
{
isect i;
const double maxDepth = TraceUI::getInstance()->getDepth();
if (scene->intersect(r, i)) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// An intersection occured! We've got work to do. For now,
// this code gets the material for the surface that was intersected,
// and asks that material to provide a color for the ray.
// This is a great place to insert code for recursive ray tracing.
// Instead of just returning the result of shade(), add some
// more steps: add in the contributions from reflected and refracted
// rays.
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
if (isLeavingObject(&m)) {
i.N = -i.N; // Normal has to be flipped when leaving object
}
vec3f result = m.shade(scene, r, i);
if (depth < maxDepth) {
//reflection
const vec3f& u = r.getDirection(); //ray direction
const vec3f& refl_dir = (u - 2.0 * u.dot(i.N) * i.N).normalize(); //reflection direction
const vec3f& isect_pos = r.at(i.t); //intersection point
//new ray, push forward a bit to avoid intersect itself
const ray refl_r(isect_pos + refl_dir * RAY_EPSILON, refl_dir);
const vec3f& refl_contri = prod(m.kr, traceRay(scene, refl_r, thresh, depth + 1));
result = result + refl_contri;
//refraction
if (!m.kt.iszero()) {
double eta;
if (isLeavingObject(&m)) {
material_stack.pop_front();
eta = m.index / material_stack.front()->index; // refraction index ratio
}
else {
eta = material_stack.front()->index / m.index; // refraction index ratio
material_stack.push_front(&m);
}
const double k = 1.0 - eta * eta * (1.0 - u.dot(i.N) * u.dot(i.N));
if (!(k < 0.0)) { // k < 0.0 = internal reflection
const vec3f& refr_dir = eta * u - (eta * u.dot(i.N) + sqrt(k)) * u;
const ray refr_r(isect_pos + refr_dir * RAY_EPSILON, refr_dir);
const vec3f& refr_contri = prod(m.kt, traceRay(scene, refr_r, thresh, depth + 1));
result = result + refr_contri;
}
}
}
return result;
} else {
// No intersection. This ray travels to infinity, so we color
// it according to the background color, which in this (simple) case
// is just black.
return vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
}
}
bool Cone::intersectCaps( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
if( !capped ) {
return false;
}
double pz = r.getPosition()[2];
double dz = r.getDirection()[2];
if( 0.0 == dz ) {
return false;
}
double t1;
double t2;
double r1;
double r2;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
t1 = (-pz)/dz;
t2 = (height-pz)/dz;
r1 = b_radius;
r2 = t_radius;
} else {
t1 = (height-pz)/dz;
t2 = (-pz)/dz;
r1 = t_radius;
r2 = b_radius;
}
if( t2 < RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
if( t1 >= RAY_EPSILON ) {
vec3f p( r.at( t1 ) );
if( (p[0]*p[0] + p[1]*p[1]) <= r1 * r1 ) {
i.t = t1;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
// Intersection with cap at z = 0.
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
} else {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
}
return true;
}
}
vec3f p( r.at( t2 ) );
if( (p[0]*p[0] + p[1]*p[1]) <= r2 * r2 ) {
i.t = t2;
if( dz > 0.0 ) {
// Intersection with interior of cap at z = 1.
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
} else {
i.N = vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Do recursive ray tracing! You'll want to insert a lot of code here
// (or places called from here) to handle reflection, refraction, etc etc.
Vec3d RayTracer::traceRay(ray& r, int depth)
{
isect i;
Vec3d colorC;
if(scene->intersect(r, i))
{
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
colorC = m.shade(scene, r, i);
if(depth <= 0)
return colorC;
Vec3d q = r.at(i.t);
Vec3d rayDir = -1 * r.getDirection();
rayDir.normalize();
//REFLECTION
Vec3d reflectionIntensity = m.kr(i);
Vec3d reflectDir = 2 * (rayDir * i.N) * i.N - rayDir;
reflectDir.normalize();
ray reflected(q, reflectDir, ray::REFLECTION);
reflectionIntensity %= traceRay(reflected, depth - 1);
colorC += reflectionIntensity;
//END REFLECTION
//REFRACTION
Vec3d refractionIntensity = m.kt(i);
double indexRatio, flip;
if(refractionIntensity[0] <= 0.0 && refractionIntensity[1] <= 0.0 && refractionIntensity[2] <= 0.0)
{
return colorC;
}
if(i.N * r.getDirection() < 0.0)
{
indexRatio = 1.0 / m.index(i);
flip = -1;
}
else
{
indexRatio = m.index(i) / 1.0;
flip = 1;
}
//Check for TIR
if(i.N * r.getDirection() > 0.0f)
{
double iAngle = i.N * r.getDirection();
if((1 - (indexRatio*indexRatio*(1.0f - iAngle * iAngle))) < 0.0)
return colorC;
}
Vec3d rayNormalPart = (rayDir * i.N) * i.N;
Vec3d rayTangentialPart = rayNormalPart - rayDir;
Vec3d refractTangential = (indexRatio) * rayTangentialPart;
double temp = refractTangential * refractTangential;
if(temp > 1) temp = 0;
Vec3d refractNormal = (flip * i.N) * sqrt( 1.0 - temp);
Vec3d refractDir = refractNormal + refractTangential;
reflectDir.normalize();
ray refracted(q, refractDir, ray::REFRACTION);
refractionIntensity %= traceRay(refracted, depth - 1);
colorC += refractionIntensity;
//END REFRACTION
}
else
{
//do cube mapping?
if(!traceUI->doCubeMap())
return Vec3d(0,0,0);
TextureMap* texture;
double u, v;
Vec3d direction = r.getDirection();
double x = direction.n[0];
double y = direction.n[1];
double z = direction.n[2];
double max = std::abs(x);
if(std::abs(y) > max) max = std::abs(y);
if(std::abs(z) > max) max = std::abs(z);
if(max == std::abs(x))
{
if(x < 0)
{
texture = cubeMap->getXnegMap();
u = ((z/std::abs(x)) + 1)/2;
v = ((y/std::abs(x)) + 1)/2;
}
else
{
texture = cubeMap->getXposMap();
u = ((-z/std::abs(x)) + 1)/2;
v = ((y/std::abs(x)) + 1)/2;
}
}
else if(max == std::abs(y))
{
if(y < 0)
{
texture = cubeMap->getYnegMap();
u = ((x/std::abs(y)) + 1)/2;
v = ((z/std::abs(y)) + 1)/2;
}
else
{
texture = cubeMap->getYposMap();
u = ((x/std::abs(y)) + 1)/2;
v = ((-z/std::abs(y)) + 1)/2;
}
}
else
{
if(z < 0)
{
texture = cubeMap->getZnegMap();
u = ((-x/std::abs(z)) + 1)/2;
v = ((y/std::abs(z)) + 1)/2;
}
else
{
texture = cubeMap->getZposMap();
u = ((x/std::abs(z)) + 1)/2;
v = ((y/std::abs(z)) + 1)/2;
}
}
colorC = texture->getMappedValue(Vec2d(u,v));
}
return colorC;
}
vec3f RayTracer::traceRay( Scene *scene, const ray& r,
const vec3f& thresh, int depth, isect& i, vector<const SceneObject*>& stack )
{
if( depth>=0
&& thresh[0] > threshold - RAY_EPSILON && thresh[1] > threshold - RAY_EPSILON && thresh[2] > threshold - RAY_EPSILON
&& scene->intersect( r, i ) ) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// An intersection occured! We've got work to do. For now,
// this code gets the material for the surface that was intersected,
// and asks that material to provide a color for the ray.
// This is a great place to insert code for recursive ray tracing.
// Instead of just returning the result of shade(), add some
// more steps: add in the contributions from reflected and refracted
// rays.
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
vec3f color = m.shade(scene, r, i);
//calculate the reflected ray
vec3f d = r.getDirection();
vec3f position = r.at(i.t);
vec3f direction = d - 2 * i.N * d.dot(i.N);
ray newray(position, direction);
if(!m.kr.iszero()) {
vec3f reflect = m.kr.multiply(traceRay(scene, newray, thresh.multiply(m.kr), depth-1, stack).clamp());
color += reflect;
}
//calculate the refracted ray
double ref_ratio;
double sin_ang = d.cross(i.N).length();
vec3f N = i.N;
//Decide going in or out
const SceneObject *mi = NULL, *mt = NULL;
int stack_idx = -1;
vector<const SceneObject*>::reverse_iterator itr;
//1 use the normal to decide whether to go in or out
//0: travel through, 1: in, 2: out
char travel = 0;
if(i.N.dot(d) <= -RAY_EPSILON) {
//from outer surface in
//test whether the object has two face
ray test_ray(r.at(i.t) + d * 2 * RAY_EPSILON, -d);
isect test_i;
if(i.obj->intersect(r, test_i) && test_i.N.dot(N) > -RAY_EPSILON) {
//has interior
travel = 1;
}
}
else {
travel = 2;
}
if(travel == 1) {
if(!stack.empty()) {
mi = stack.back();
}
mt = i.obj;
stack.push_back(mt);
}
else if(travel == 2) {
//if it is in our stack, then we must pop it
for(itr = stack.rbegin(); itr != stack.rend(); ++itr) {
if(*itr == i.obj) {
mi = *itr;
vector<const SceneObject*>::iterator ii = itr.base() - 1;
stack_idx = ii - stack.begin();
stack.erase(ii);
break;
}
}
if(!stack.empty()) {
mt = stack.back();
}
}
if(N.dot(d) >= RAY_EPSILON) {
N = -N;
}
ref_ratio = (mi?(mi->getMaterial().index):1.0) / (mt?(mt->getMaterial().index):1.0);
if(!m.kt.iszero() && (ref_ratio < 1.0 + RAY_EPSILON || sin_ang < 1.0 / ref_ratio + RAY_EPSILON)) {
//No total internal reflection
//We do refraction now
double c = N.dot(-d);
direction = (ref_ratio * c - sqrt(1 - ref_ratio * ref_ratio * (1 - c * c))) * N + ref_ratio * d;
newray = ray(position, direction);
vec3f refraction = m.kt.multiply(traceRay(scene, newray, thresh.multiply(m.kt), depth-1, stack).clamp());
color += refraction;
}
if(travel == 1) {
stack.pop_back();
}
else if(travel == 2) {
if(mi) {
stack.insert(stack.begin() + stack_idx, mi);
}
}
return color;
} else {
// No intersection. This ray travels to infinity, so we color
// it according to the background color, which in this (simple) case
// is just black.
if(m_bBackground && bg) {
double u, v;
angleToSphere(r.getDirection(), u, v);
//Scale to [0, 1];
u /= 2 * M_PI;
v /= M_PI;
int tx = int(u * bg_width), ty = bg_height - int(v * bg_height);
return vec3f(bg[3 * (ty * bg_width + tx)] / 255.0, bg[3 * (ty * bg_width + tx) + 1] / 255.0, bg[3 * (ty * bg_width + tx) + 2] / 255.0);
}
else {
return vec3f( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
}
}
}
// Apply the Phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i, bool isInAir ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the Phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// You will need to call both distanceAttenuation() and shadowAttenuation()
// somewhere in your code in order to compute shadows and light falloff.
// When you're iterating through the lights,
// you'll want to use code that looks something
// like this:
//
// for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
// litr != scene->endLights();
// ++litr )
// {
// Light* pLight = *litr;
// .
// .
// .
// }
const Vec3d point = r.at(i.t);
// Start with emitted light.
Vec3d shade = ke(i);
// Add ambient light effects.
Vec3d ambient = prod(ka(i), scene->ambient());
if (!isInAir)
{
// If shading a point inside an object, ambient light had to pass through the object first.
// So apply the transmission factor to the ambient light to account for object's affect on light.
ambient = prod(kt(i), ambient);
}
shade += ambient;
// For each light source...
for (vector<Light*>::const_iterator literator = scene->beginLights(); literator != scene->endLights(); ++literator)
{
const Light* light = *literator;
const Vec3d lightDirection = light->getDirection(point);
const Vec3d shadowAttenuation = light->shadowAttenuation(point);
const double distanceAttenuation = light->distanceAttenuation(point);
const Vec3d intensity = prod(light->getColor(point), shadowAttenuation * distanceAttenuation);
if (debugMode) cerr << "Shadow: " << shadowAttenuation << ", Distance: " << distanceAttenuation << endl;
// Calculate diffuse term.
const Vec3d diffuseTerm = kd(i) * max(0.0, i.N * lightDirection);
// Calculate specular term.
const Vec3d reflectionDir = 2.0 * (lightDirection * i.N) * i.N - lightDirection;
const Vec3d viewingDir = -r.getDirection();
const Vec3d specularTerm = ks(i) * pow(max(0.0, viewingDir * reflectionDir), shininess(i));
// Apply diffuse and specular terms to light source.
shade += prod(intensity, diffuseTerm + specularTerm);
if (debugMode) cerr << "Diffuse: " << diffuseTerm << ", Specular: " << specularTerm << endl;
}
return shade;
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade(Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i) const
{
//YOUR CODE HERE
Vec3d part_e = ke(i);
Vec3d part_a = ka(i) % scene->ambient();
Vec3d part_ds(0, 0, 0);
for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
litr != scene->endLights();
++litr )
{
Light* pLight = *litr;
Vec3d N = i.N;
Vec3d L = pLight->getDirection(r.at(i.t));
L.normalize();
Vec3d V = r.d;
V.normalize();
Vec3d R = 2*max((L*N), 0.0)*N-L;
R.normalize();
double ns = shininess(i);
Vec3d shadowAttenuation = pLight->shadowAttenuation(r, r.at(i.t));
double distanceAttenuation = min(pLight->distanceAttenuation(r.at(i.t)), 1.0);
Vec3d lightIntensity;
if(traceUI->shadowSw()){
lightIntensity = pLight->getColor() % shadowAttenuation * distanceAttenuation;
}else{
lightIntensity = pLight->getColor() * distanceAttenuation;
}
part_ds += prod(lightIntensity, (kd(i)*max(N*L, 0.0)+ks(i)*pow(max((-V*R), 0.0), ns)));
}
return part_e + part_a + part_ds;
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// When you're iterating through the lights,
// you'll want to use code that looks something
// like this:
//
// for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
// litr != scene->endLights();
// ++litr )
// {
// Light* pLight = *litr;
// .
// .
// .
// }
// You will need to call both the distanceAttenuation() and
// shadowAttenuation() methods for each light source in order to
// compute shadows and light falloff.
//return kd(i);
}
// Do recursive ray tracing! You'll want to insert a lot of code here
// (or places called from here) to handle reflection, refraction, etc etc.
Vec3d RayTracer::traceRay( const ray& r, const Vec3d& thresh, int depth )
{
if (depth > traceUI->getDepth())
return Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
++depth;
isect i;
if( scene->intersect( r, i ) ) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// An intersection occured! We've got work to do. For now,
// this code gets the material for the surface that was intersected,
// and asks that material to provide a color for the ray.
// This is a great place to insert code for recursive ray tracing.
// Instead of just returning the result of shade(), add some
// more steps: add in the contributions from reflected and refracted
// rays.
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
Vec3d iPoint = r.at(i.t); // point of intersection
/*
// --Shadows--
Vec3d shadow = Vec3d(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
//for (vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
// litr != scene->endLights(); ++litr )
//{
vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
Light* pLight = *litr;
Vec3d shadowDir = pLight->getDirection(iPoint);
isect aux;
ray shadow_ray (iPoint,shadowDir,ray::SHADOW);
if(scene->intersect(shadow_ray, aux)) {
const Material& mm = aux.getMaterial();
shadow = prod(shadow, mm.kt(aux));
}
//}
*/
// --Reflection--
Vec3d reflection = Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0);
if (m.kr(i) != Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0)) {
Vec3d reflecDir = 2*((-1*r.getDirection()*i.N)*i.N) + r.getDirection();
reflecDir.normalize();
ray ReflRay (iPoint, reflecDir, ray::REFLECTION);
reflection = traceRay(ReflRay, Vec3d(1.0,1.0,1.0), depth);
// use threshold
for(int i=0; i < 3; i++){
if(reflection[i] > thresh[i]){
reflection[i] = 1;
}
}
}
// --Refraction--
Vec3d refraction = Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0);
if (m.kt(i) != Vec3d(0.0,0.0,0.0)) {
double IofR = 1.0 / m.index(i); // the index of refraction
Vec3d inorm = i.N;
Vec3d d = -1.0*r.getDirection(); // reverse the ray direction for calculations
double cos_i = inorm*d;
// if the ray is inside of the object
if (cos_i < 0.0) {
IofR = m.index(i);
cos_i *= -1.0;
inorm *= -1.0;
}
double cos_t = 1.0 - (IofR*IofR)*(1.0 - (cos_i*cos_i));
// if not Total Internal Reflection
if (cos_t >= 0.0) {
Vec3d refractDir = (IofR*cos_i - sqrt(cos_t))*inorm - IofR*d;
refractDir.normalize();
ray RefrRay (iPoint, refractDir, ray::REFRACTION);
refraction = traceRay(RefrRay, Vec3d(1.0,1.0,1.0), depth);
// use threshold
for(int i=0; i < 3; i++){
if(refraction[i] > thresh[i]){
refraction[i] = 1;
}
}
}
}
return m.shade(scene, r, i) + prod(m.kr(i), reflection) + prod(m.kt(i), refraction);
} else {
// No intersection. This ray travels to infinity, so we color
// it according to the background color, which in this (simple) case
// is just black.
return Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
}
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// You will need to call both distanceAttenuation() and shadowAttenuation()
// somewhere in your code in order to compute shadows and light falloff.
if( debugMode )
std::cout << "Debugging Phong code..." << std::endl;
Vec3d intensity(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
Vec3d emmisiveIntensity = ke(i);
Vec3d ambientIntensity = ka(i);
ambientIntensity %= scene->ambient();
// When you're iterating through the lights,
// you'll want to use code that looks something
// like this:
//
const Vec3d intersectionPoint = r.at(i.t);
const Vec3d blue(0.0f,0.0f,0.4f);
const Vec3d yellow(0.4f,0.4f,0.0f);
double alpha = 0.2f;
double beta = 0.6f;
bool bNonRealism = traceUI->nonRealism();
for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights(); litr != scene->endLights(); ++litr ){
Light* pLight = *litr;
Vec3d lightDirection = pLight->getDirection(intersectionPoint);
Vec3d surfaceNormal = i.N;
surfaceNormal.normalize();
double aLightToNormal = surfaceNormal * lightDirection;
Vec3d lightReflectedDirectionCi = (lightDirection*surfaceNormal)*surfaceNormal;
Vec3d lightReflectedDirectionSi = lightReflectedDirectionCi - lightDirection;
Vec3d lightReflectedDirection = lightReflectedDirectionCi + lightReflectedDirectionSi;
lightReflectedDirection.normalize();
double aRayToLight = (-1 * r.getDirection()) * lightReflectedDirection;
Vec3d shadowLight(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);
if(bNonRealism){
if(bump(i)[0]!= 2.0f){
Vec3d perturbed = 2.0f*bump(i)-1.0f;
perturbed[0] *= traceUI->getBumpScale();
perturbed[1] *= traceUI->getBumpScale();
perturbed %=surfaceNormal;
perturbed.normalize();
aLightToNormal = perturbed * lightDirection;}
double coolFac = (1.0f+ (-1.0f)* aLightToNormal)/2.0f;
double warmFac = 1.0f - coolFac;
Vec3d diffuseIntensity = (coolFac * ( blue + kd(i) * alpha)) + (warmFac * ( yellow + kd(i) * beta));
//Vec3d specularIntensity = ks(i) * pLight->getColor(intersectionPoint);
shadowLight %= diffuseIntensity; //+ specularIntensity * std::pow(std::max(aRayToLight,0.0),shininess(i)));
} else {
if(bump(i)[0]!= 2.0f){
Vec3d perturbed = 2.0f*bump(i)-1.0f;
perturbed[0] *= traceUI->getBumpScale();
perturbed[1] *= traceUI->getBumpScale();
perturbed %=surfaceNormal;
perturbed.normalize();
aLightToNormal = perturbed * lightDirection;}
Vec3d diffuseIntensity = kd(i);
Vec3d specularIntensity = ks(i);
diffuseIntensity%=pLight->getColor(intersectionPoint);
specularIntensity%=pLight->getColor(intersectionPoint);
shadowLight = pLight->shadowAttenuation(intersectionPoint);
shadowLight %= (diffuseIntensity * std::max(aLightToNormal, 0.0) + specularIntensity * std::pow(std::max(aRayToLight,0.0),shininess(i)));
}
intensity += shadowLight*pLight->distanceAttenuation(intersectionPoint);
}
return intensity + emmisiveIntensity + ambientIntensity;
}
bool Cylinder::intersectBody( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
double x0 = r.getPosition()[0];
double y0 = r.getPosition()[1];
double x1 = r.getDirection()[0];
double y1 = r.getDirection()[1];
double a = x1*x1+y1*y1;
double b = 2.0*(x0*x1 + y0*y1);
double c = x0*x0 + y0*y0 - 1.0;
if( 0.0 == a ) {
// This implies that x1 = 0.0 and y1 = 0.0, which further
// implies that the ray is aligned with the body of the cylinder,
// so no intersection.
return false;
}
double discriminant = b*b - 4.0*a*c;
if( discriminant < 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
discriminant = sqrt( discriminant );
double t2 = (-b + discriminant) / (2.0 * a);
if( t2 <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
double t1 = (-b - discriminant) / (2.0 * a);
if( t1 > RAY_EPSILON ) {
// Two intersections.
vec3f P = r.at( t1 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= 1.0 ) {
// It's okay.
i.t = t1;
i.N = vec3f( P[0], P[1], 0.0 ).normalize();
return true;
}
}
vec3f P = r.at( t2 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= 0.0 && z <= 1.0 ) {
i.t = t2;
vec3f normal( P[0], P[1], 0.0 );
// In case we are _inside_ the _uncapped_ cone, we need to flip the normal.
// Essentially, the cone in this case is a double-sided surface
// and has _2_ normals
if( !capped && normal.dot( r.getDirection() ) > 0 )
normal = -normal;
i.N = normal.normalize();
return true;
}
return false;
}
bool Box::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
Vec3d p = r.getPosition();
Vec3d d = r.getDirection();
int it;
double x, y, t, bestT;
int mod0, mod1, mod2, bestIndex;
bestT = HUGE_DOUBLE;
bestIndex = -1;
for(it=0; it<6; it++){
mod0 = it%3;
if(d[mod0] == 0){
continue;
}
t = ((it/3) - 0.5 - p[mod0]) / d[mod0];
if(t < RAY_EPSILON || t > bestT){
continue;
}
mod1 = (it+1)%3;
mod2 = (it+2)%3;
x = p[mod1]+t*d[mod1];
y = p[mod2]+t*d[mod2];
if( x<=0.5 && x>=-0.5 &&
y<=0.5 && y>=-0.5)
{
if(bestT > t){
bestT = t;
bestIndex = it;
}
}
}
if(bestIndex < 0) return false;
i.setT(bestT);
i.setObject(this);
Vec3d intersect_point = r.at(i.t);
int i1 = (bestIndex + 1) % 3;
int i2 = (bestIndex + 2) % 3;
if(bestIndex < 3)
{
i.setN(Vec3d(-double(bestIndex == 0), -double(bestIndex == 1), -double(bestIndex == 2)));
i.setUVCoordinates( Vec2d( 0.5 - intersect_point[ min(i1, i2) ],
0.5 + intersect_point[ max(i1, i2) ] ) );
}
else
{
i.setN(Vec3d(double(bestIndex==3), double(bestIndex == 4), double(bestIndex == 5)));
i.setUVCoordinates( Vec2d( 0.5 + intersect_point[ min(i1, i2) ],
0.5 + intersect_point[ max(i1, i2) ] ) );
}
return true;
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i ) const
{
if( debugMode )
std::cout << "Debugging Phong code..." << std::endl;
Vec3d pos = r.at(i.t);
Camera cam = scene->getCamera();
Vec3d view = cam.getEye() - pos;
view.normalize();
Vec3d color = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d norm = i.N;
norm.normalize();
Vec3d reflect = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d amb = ka(i);
Vec3d diff = kd(i);
if (debugMode)
cout << diff << endl;
Vec3d spec = ks(i);
Vec3d emis = ke(i);
double shiny = max(shininess(i), 0.0);
Vec3d ambIntensity = scene->ambient();
Vec3d diffIntensity = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d specIntensity = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d shadowTerm = Vec3d(1, 1, 1);
Vec3d diffTerm = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d specTerm = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d ambTerm = prod(amb, ambIntensity);
Vec3d shadAtten = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
for ( vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
litr != scene->endLights();
++litr)
{
Light* pLight = *litr;
Vec3d tColor = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
Vec3d lightDir = Vec3d(0, 0, 0);
double distAtten = pLight->distanceAttenuation(pos);
shadAtten = pLight->shadowAttenuation(pos);
if(shadAtten[0] != -1){
shadowTerm = shadAtten;
}
lightDir = pLight->getDirection(pos);
lightDir.normalize();
tColor = pLight->getColor(tColor);
reflect = (2.0 * (lightDir * norm) * norm) - lightDir;
reflect.normalize();
diffIntensity = tColor;
specIntensity = tColor;
// update diffuse term
diffTerm[0] += diff[0] * max((lightDir * norm), 0.0)
* diffIntensity[0] * shadowTerm[0];
diffTerm[1] += diff[1] * max((lightDir * norm), 0.0)
* diffIntensity[1] * shadowTerm[1];
diffTerm[2] += diff[2] * max((lightDir * norm), 0.0)
* diffIntensity[2] * shadowTerm[2];
diffTerm = diffTerm * distAtten;
// update specular term
specTerm[0] += spec[0] * pow(max((view * reflect),0.0), max(shiny, 0.0))
* specIntensity[0] * shadowTerm[0];
specTerm[1] += spec[1] * pow(max((view * reflect),0.0), max(shiny, 0.0))
* specIntensity[1] * shadowTerm[1];
specTerm[2] += spec[2] * pow(max((view * reflect),0.0), max(shiny, 0.0))
* specIntensity[2] * shadowTerm[2];
specTerm = specTerm * distAtten;
// reset the shadowTerm for next loop
shadowTerm = Vec3d(1,1,1);
}
return emis + ambTerm + diffTerm + specTerm;
}
// Do recursive ray tracing! You'll want to insert a lot of code here
// (or places called from here) to handle reflection, refraction, etc etc.
Vec3d RayTracer::traceRay( const ray& r,
const Vec3d& thresh, int depth )
{
isect i;
if( scene->intersect( r, i ) ) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// An intersection occured! We've got work to do. For now,
// this code gets the material for the surface that was intersected,
// and asks that material to provide a color for the ray.
// This is a great place to insert code for recursive ray tracing.
// Instead of just returning the result of shade(), add some
// more steps: add in the contributions from reflected and refracted
// rays.
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
Vec3d ret = m.shade(scene, r, i);
if (depth == traceUI->getDepth())
return ret;
Vec3d d = r.getDirection();
double n;
Vec3d NN = i.N;
if (i.N * (-d) >= 0)
{
// entering the object
n = 1.0 / m.index(i);
}
else
{
// leaving
n = m.index(i);
NN = -NN;
}
double c1 = -(NN * d);
Vec3d Rl = d + 2 * NN * c1;
ray reflection = ray(r.at(i.t), Rl, r.REFLECTION);
ret += prod(m.kr(i), traceRay(reflection, thresh, depth+1));
double c2 = 1 - n*n * (1 - c1*c1);
if (c2 >= 0)
{
// not total internal reflection
c2 = sqrt(c2);
Vec3d Rr = (n * d) + (n * c1 - c2) * NN;
ray refraction = ray(r.at(i.t), Rr, r.REFRACTION);
ret += prod(m.kt(i), traceRay(refraction, thresh, depth+1));
}
return ret;
} else {
// No intersection. This ray travels to infinity, so we color
// it according to the background color, which in this (simple) case
// is just black.
return Vec3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 );
}
}
// Do recursive ray tracing! You'll want to insert a lot of code here
// (or places called from here) to handle reflection, refraction, etc etc.
vec3f RayTracer::traceRay( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const vec3f& thresh, int depth )
{
isect i;
vec3f colorC;
if (scene->intersect(r, i)) {
// YOUR CODE HERE
// An intersection occurred! We've got work to do. For now,
// this code gets the material for the surface that was intersected,
// and asks that material to provide a color for the ray.
// This is a great place to insert code for recursive ray tracing.
// Instead of just returning the result of shade(), add some
// more steps: add in the contributions from reflected and refracted
// rays.
const Material& m = i.getMaterial();
vec3f intensity = m.shade(scene, r, i);
if (depth == 0) return intensity;
if (thresh.length() < AdaptiveThreshold) return intensity;
vec3f Qpt = r.at(i.t);
vec3f minusD = -1 * r.getDirection();
vec3f cosVector = i.N * (minusD * i.N);
vec3f sinVector = cosVector + r.getDirection();
vec3f newThresh = thresh;
// Reflected Ray
if (!m.kr(i).iszero())
{
vec3f reflectedDirection = cosVector + sinVector;
reflectedDirection.normalize();
ray reflectedRay(Qpt, reflectedDirection, ray::REFLECTION);
newThresh = prod(newThresh, i.getMaterial().kr(i)); // change the threshold value
intensity = intensity + prod(m.kr(i), traceRay(scene, reflectedRay, newThresh, depth - 1));
}
//Refracted Ray
if (!m.kt(i).iszero())
{
double cosineAngle = acos(i.N * r.getDirection()) * 180 / M_PI;
double n_i, n_r;
double criticalAngle = 360;
int iDirection;
// bool goingIn = true;
// double cosThetaI = 0;
if (cosineAngle > 90) // Coming into an object from air
{
n_i = 1;
n_r = m.index(i);
iDirection = 1;
// cosThetaI = i.N * -1 * r.d;
}
else // Going out from object to air
{
n_i = m.index(i);
n_r = 1;
// goingIn = false;
// cosThetaI = i.N * r.d;
iDirection = -1;
}
double n = n_i / n_r;
if (1 - n * n * (1 - (minusD * i.N) * (minusD * i.N)) > 0.0) // NO total internal refraction
{
vec3f sinT = n * sinVector;
// vec3f cosT = (-1 * i.N) * sqrt(1 - sinT*sinT);
// not sure if there are any differences between the two eqn, please check!!!!!!
vec3f cosT = (-1 * i.N) * sqrt(1 - n * n * (1 - (minusD * i.N) * (minusD * i.N)));
vec3f refractedDirection = cosT + iDirection*sinT;
refractedDirection.normalize();
ray refractedRay(Qpt, iDirection * refractedDirection, ray::REFRACTION);
newThresh = prod(newThresh, i.getMaterial().kt(i)); // change the threshold value
intensity = intensity + prod(m.kt(i), traceRay(scene, refractedRay, newThresh, depth - 1));
}
}
colorC = intensity;
}
else {
// No intersection. This ray travels to infinity, so we color
// it according to the background color, which in this (simple) case
// is just black.
colorC = vec3f (0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
}
return colorC;
}
// Apply the phong model to this point on the surface of the object, returning
// the color of that point.
Vec3d Material::shade( Scene *scene, const ray& r, const isect& i ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE
// For now, this method just returns the diffuse color of the object.
// This gives a single matte color for every distinct surface in the
// scene, and that's it. Simple, but enough to get you started.
// (It's also inconsistent with the phong model...)
// Your mission is to fill in this method with the rest of the phong
// shading model, including the contributions of all the light sources.
// You will need to call both distanceAttenuation() and shadowAttenuation()
// somewhere in your code in order to compute shadows and light falloff.
if( debugMode )
std::cout << "Debugging Phong code..." << std::endl;
//Intersection Point
Vec3d P = r.at(i.t);
Vec3d L = Vec3d(0,0,0);
Vec3d V = -r.getDirection();
//======[ Emission ]======
L += ke(i);
if(debugMode)
std::cout << "ke(i): " << ke(i) <<"\n";
//======[ Ambient ]======
//missing Ka
L += prod(ka(i),scene->ambient());
if(debugMode){
std::cout << "ambient: " << scene->ambient() <<"\n";
std::cout << "ka(i): " << ka(i) <<"\n";
}
//iterate through lights
for ( std::vector<Light*>::const_iterator litr = scene->beginLights();
litr != scene->endLights();
++litr )
{
Vec3d Lc; //light contribution
Light* pLight = *litr;
Vec3d sa = pLight->shadowAttenuation(P);
double da = pLight->distanceAttenuation(P);
//======[ Diffuse ]======
Vec3d direction = pLight->getDirection(P);
Vec3d normal = i.N;
if(debugMode)
{
std::cout << "D: ";
clamp((normal*direction)*kd(i)).print();
}
Lc = clamp((normal*direction)*kd(i));
//======[ Specular ]======
Vec3d H = (V+direction)/2.0;
if(debugMode)
{
std::cout << "S: ";
clamp(ks(i)*pow((normal*H),shininess(i))).print();
std::cout <<"sa: ";
sa.print();
}
Lc += clamp(ks(i)*pow((normal*H),shininess(i)));
Lc = da * prod(Lc,sa);
L+=Lc;
}
if(debugMode){
std::cout <<"L: ";
L.print();
}
return L;
}
bool Sphere::intersectLocal( const ray& r, isect& i ) const
{
// YOUR CODE HERE:
// Add sphere intersection code here.
// it currently ignores all spheres and just return false.
Vec3d p = r.getPosition();
Vec3d d = r.getDirection();
// a unit sphere
double a = d*d;
double b = 2.0*(p*d);
double c = p*p - 1.0;
// d cannot be zero vector actually
//if( 0.0 == a ) {
// // This implies that x1 = 0.0 and y1 = 0.0, which further
// // implies that the ray is aligned with the body of the cylinder,
// // so no intersection.
// return false;
//}
// early failure methods:
// if the ray and the sphere intersect
// then the angle btw rouge and d are \geq 0
Vec3d rouge = Vec3d(0, 0, 0) - p ;
rouge.normalize();
double cos_isect = rouge * d ;
if ( cos_isect < 0 )
return false;
// it seems that the radius of sphere is 1.0
// then we can do the following, calculate the tangent angle
// and the compare it with our ray angle towards center of the sphere - origin
double cos_tan = sqrt(1 - 1 / rouge.length());
if ( cos_isect < cos_tan )
return false;
double discriminant = b*b - 4.0*a*c;
if( discriminant < 0.0 ) {
return false;
}
discriminant = sqrt( discriminant );
double t2 = (-b + discriminant) / (2.0 * a);
if( t2 <= RAY_EPSILON ) {
return false;
}
double t1 = (-b - discriminant) / (2.0 * a);
i.obj = this;
if( t1 > RAY_EPSILON ) {
// Two intersections. Pick smaller one
Vec3d P = r.at( t1 );
double z = P[2];
if( z >= -1.0 && z <= 1.0 ) {
// Just check
i.t = t1;
i.N = Vec3d( P[0], P[1], P[2]);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
