Exemple #1
0
/**
 * Converts an address to a guest physical address.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_SUCCESS
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER if the address is invalid.
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_STATE if the VM is being terminated or if the virtual
 *          CPU handle is invalid.
 * @retval  VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED is the type of address cannot be converted.
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_TABLE_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_DIRECTORY_PTR_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_MAP_LEVEL4_NOT_PRESENT
 *
 * @param   pVM             The VM handle.
 * @param   idCpu           The ID of the CPU context to convert virtual
 *                          addresses.
 * @param   pAddress        The address.
 * @param   pGCPhys         Where to return the physical address.
 */
VMMR3DECL(int)  DBGFR3AddrToPhys(PVM pVM, VMCPUID idCpu, PDBGFADDRESS pAddress, PRTGCPHYS pGCPhys)
{
    /*
     * Parameter validation.
     */
    AssertPtr(pGCPhys);
    *pGCPhys = NIL_RTGCPHYS;
    AssertPtr(pAddress);
    AssertReturn(DBGFADDRESS_IS_VALID(pAddress), VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    VM_ASSERT_VALID_EXT_RETURN(pVM, VERR_INVALID_STATE);
    AssertReturn(idCpu < pVM->cCpus, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);

    /*
     * Convert by address type.
     */
    int rc;
    if (pAddress->fFlags & DBGFADDRESS_FLAGS_HMA)
        rc = VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    else if (pAddress->fFlags & DBGFADDRESS_FLAGS_PHYS)
    {
        *pGCPhys = pAddress->FlatPtr;
        rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
    {
        PVMCPU pVCpu = VMMGetCpuById(pVM, idCpu);
        if (VMCPU_IS_EMT(pVCpu))
            rc = dbgfR3AddrToPhysOnVCpu(pVCpu, pAddress, pGCPhys);
        else
            rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVCpu->pVMR3, pVCpu->idCpu,
                                 (PFNRT)dbgfR3AddrToPhysOnVCpu, 3, pVCpu, pAddress, pGCPhys);
    }
    return rc;
}
Exemple #2
0
/**
 * Attaches a debugger to the specified VM.
 *
 * Only one debugger at a time.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code.
 * @param   pVM     Pointer to the VM.
 */
VMMR3DECL(int) DBGFR3Attach(PVM pVM)
{
    VM_ASSERT_VALID_EXT_RETURN(pVM, VERR_INVALID_VM_HANDLE);

    /*
     * Call the VM, use EMT for serialization.
     */
    /** @todo SMP */
    return VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)dbgfR3Attach, 1, pVM);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int     rcRet = 0;                  /* error count. */

    RTR3InitExe(argc, &argv, RTR3INIT_FLAGS_SUPLIB);

    /*
     * Doesn't work and I'm sick of rebooting the machine to try figure out
     * what the heck is going wrong. (Linux sucks at this)
     */
    RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": This testcase hits a bunch of breakpoint assertions which\n"
             TESTCASE ": causes kernel panics on linux regardless of what\n"
             TESTCASE ": RTAssertDoBreakpoint returns. Only checked AMD-V on linux.\n");
    /** @todo Make tstVMM-HwAccm to cause kernel panics. */
    return 1;

    /*
     * Create empty VM.
     */
    RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": Initializing...\n");
    PVM pVM;
    int rc = VMR3Create(1, NULL, NULL, NULL, CFGMConstructor, NULL, &pVM);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        /*
         * Do testing.
         */
        RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": Testing...\n");
        rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)VMMDoHwAccmTest, 1, pVM);
        AssertRC(rc);

        STAMR3Dump(pVM, "*");

        /*
         * Cleanup.
         */
        rc = VMR3Destroy(pVM);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        {
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: failed to destroy vm! rc=%d\n", rc);
            rcRet++;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": fatal error: failed to create vm! rc=%d\n", rc);
        rcRet++;
    }

    return rcRet;
}
Exemple #4
0
/**
 * Converts an address to a volatile host virtual address.
 *
 * @returns VBox status code.
 * @retval  VINF_SUCCESS
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER if the address is invalid.
 * @retval  VERR_INVALID_STATE if the VM is being terminated or if the virtual
 *          CPU handle is invalid.
 * @retval  VERR_NOT_SUPPORTED is the type of address cannot be converted.
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_TABLE_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_DIRECTORY_PTR_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PAGE_MAP_LEVEL4_NOT_PRESENT
 * @retval  VERR_PGM_PHYS_PAGE_RESERVED
 * @retval  VERR_PGM_INVALID_GC_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS
 *
 * @param   pVM             The VM handle.
 * @param   idCpu           The ID of the CPU context to convert virtual
 *                          addresses.
 * @param   pAddress        The address.
 * @param   fReadOnly       Whether returning a read-only page is fine or not.
 *                          If set to thru the page may have to be made writable
 *                          before we return.
 * @param   ppvR3Ptr        Where to return the address.
 */
VMMR3DECL(int)  DBGFR3AddrToVolatileR3Ptr(PVM pVM, VMCPUID idCpu, PDBGFADDRESS pAddress, bool fReadOnly, void **ppvR3Ptr)
{
    /*
     * Parameter validation.
     */
    AssertPtr(ppvR3Ptr);
    *ppvR3Ptr = NULL;
    AssertPtr(pAddress);
    AssertReturn(DBGFADDRESS_IS_VALID(pAddress), VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
    VM_ASSERT_VALID_EXT_RETURN(pVM, VERR_INVALID_STATE);
    AssertReturn(idCpu < pVM->cCpus, VERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);

    /*
     * Convert it.
     */
    return VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, idCpu, (PFNRT)dbgfR3AddrToVolatileR3PtrOnVCpu, 5, pVM, idCpu, pAddress, fReadOnly, ppvR3Ptr);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    /*
     * Init runtime and the test environment.
     */
    int rc = RTR3InitAndSUPLib();
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        RTPrintf("tstVMM: RTR3InitAndSUPLib failed: %Rrc\n", rc);
        return 1;
    }
    RTTEST hTest;
    rc = RTTestCreate("tstVMM", &hTest);
    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
    {
        RTPrintf("tstVMM: RTTestCreate failed: %Rrc\n", rc);
        return 1;
    }

    /*
     * Parse arguments.
     */
    static const RTGETOPTDEF s_aOptions[] =
    {
        { "--cpus",          'c', RTGETOPT_REQ_UINT8 },
        { "--test",          't', RTGETOPT_REQ_STRING },
    };
    enum
    {
        kTstVMMTest_VMM,  kTstVMMTest_TM
    } enmTestOpt = kTstVMMTest_VMM;

    int ch;
    int i = 1;
    RTGETOPTUNION ValueUnion;
    RTGETOPTSTATE GetState;
    RTGetOptInit(&GetState, argc, argv, s_aOptions, RT_ELEMENTS(s_aOptions), 1, 0);
    while ((ch = RTGetOpt(&GetState, &ValueUnion)))
    {
        switch (ch)
        {
            case 'c':
                g_cCpus = ValueUnion.u8;
                break;

            case 't':
                if (!strcmp("vmm", ValueUnion.psz))
                    enmTestOpt = kTstVMMTest_VMM;
                else if (!strcmp("tm", ValueUnion.psz))
                    enmTestOpt = kTstVMMTest_TM;
                else
                {
                    RTPrintf("tstVMM: unknown test: '%s'\n", ValueUnion.psz);
                    return 1;
                }
                break;

            case 'h':
                RTPrintf("usage: tstVMM [--cpus|-c cpus] [--test <vmm|tm>]\n");
                return 1;

            case 'V':
                RTPrintf("$Revision: $\n");
                return 0;

            default:
                return RTGetOptPrintError(ch, &ValueUnion);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Create the test VM.
     */
    RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": Initializing...\n");
    PVM pVM;
    rc = VMR3Create(g_cCpus, NULL, NULL, NULL, tstVMMConfigConstructor, NULL, &pVM);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        PDMR3LdrEnumModules(pVM, tstVMMLdrEnum, NULL);
        RTStrmFlush(g_pStdOut);
        RTThreadSleep(256);

        /*
         * Do the requested testing.
         */
        switch (enmTestOpt)
        {
            case kTstVMMTest_VMM:
            {
                RTTestSub(hTest, "VMM");
                rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)VMMDoTest, 1, pVM);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMMDoTest failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
                break;
            }

            case kTstVMMTest_TM:
            {
                RTTestSub(hTest, "TM");
                for (VMCPUID idCpu = 1; idCpu < g_cCpus; idCpu++)
                {
                    rc = VMR3ReqCallNoWait(pVM, idCpu, (PFNRT)tstTMWorker, 2, pVM, hTest);
                    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                        RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMR3ReqCall failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
                }

                rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, 0 /*idDstCpu*/, (PFNRT)tstTMWorker, 2, pVM, hTest);
                if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMMDoTest failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
                break;
            }
        }

        STAMR3Dump(pVM, "*");

        /*
         * Cleanup.
         */
        rc = VMR3PowerOff(pVM);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMR3PowerOff failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
        rc = VMR3Destroy(pVM);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
            RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMR3Destroy failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
    }
    else
        RTTestFailed(hTest, "VMR3Create failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);

    return RTTestSummaryAndDestroy(hTest);
}
Exemple #6
0
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int rcErrors = 0;

    /*
     * Initialize the runtime.
     */
    RTR3InitAndSUPLib();

#ifndef AUTO_TEST_ARGS
    if (argc < 2)
    {
        RTPrintf("syntax: %s command [args]\n"
                    "\n"
                    "command    Command to run under child process in fork.\n"
                    "[args]     Arguments to command.\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
#endif

    /*
     * Create empty VM.
     */
    RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": Initializing...\n");
    PVM pVM;
    int rc = VMR3Create(1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &pVM);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        /*
         * Do testing.
         */
        int iCowTester = 0;
        char cCowTester = 'a';

#ifndef AUTO_TEST_ARGS
        int cArgs = argc - 1;
        char **ppszArgs = &argv[1];
#else
        int cArgs = 2;
        char *ppszArgs[3];
        ppszArgs[0] = (char *)"/bin/sleep";
        ppszArgs[1] = (char *)"3";
        ppszArgs[2] = NULL;
#endif

        RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": forking current process...\n");
        pid_t pid = fork();
        if (pid < 0)
        {
            /* Bad. fork() failed! */
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: fork() failed.\n");
            rcErrors++;
        }
        else if (pid == 0)
        {
            /*
             * The child process.
             * Write to some local variables to trigger copy-on-write if it's used.
             */
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": running child process...\n");
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": writing local variables...\n");
            iCowTester = 2;
            cCowTester = 'z';

            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": calling execv() with command-line:\n");
            for (int i = 0; i < cArgs; i++)
                RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": ppszArgs[%d]=%s\n", i, ppszArgs[i]);
            execv(ppszArgs[0], ppszArgs);
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: execv() returned to caller. errno=%d.\n", errno);
            _exit(-1);
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * The parent process.
             * Wait for child & run VMM test to ensure things are fine.
             */
            int result;
            while (waitpid(pid, &result, 0) < 0)
                ;
            if (!WIFEXITED(result) || WEXITSTATUS(result) != 0)
            {
                RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: failed to run child process. errno=%d\n", errno);
                rcErrors++;
            }

            if (rcErrors == 0)
            {
                RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": fork() returned fine.\n");
                RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": testing VM after fork.\n");
                VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)VMMDoTest, 1, pVM);

                STAMR3Dump(pVM, "*");
            }
        }

        if (rcErrors > 0)
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: %d error(s) during fork(). Cannot proceed to test the VM.\n");
        else
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": fork() and VM test, SUCCESS.\n");

        /*
         * Cleanup.
         */
        rc = VMR3Destroy(pVM);
        if (!RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": error: failed to destroy vm! rc=%d\n", rc);
            rcErrors++;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        RTPrintf(TESTCASE ": fatal error: failed to create vm! rc=%d\n", rc);
        rcErrors++;
    }

    return rcErrors;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int rcRet = 1;
    int rc;
    RTR3InitAndSUPLib();

    /*
     * Parse input.
     */
    if (argc <= 1)
    {
        syntax();
        return 1;
    }

    bool        fPowerOn = false;
    uint32_t    u32WarpDrive = 100; /* % */
    uint64_t    cbMem = ~0ULL;
    const char *pszSavedState = NULL;
    const char *pszRawMem = NULL;
    uint64_t    offRawMem = 0;
    const char *pszScript = NULL;
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
    {
        if (argv[i][0] == '-')
        {
            /* check that it's on short form */
            if (argv[i][2])
            {
                if (    strcmp(argv[i], "--help")
                    &&  strcmp(argv[i], "-help"))
                    RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Unknown argument '%s'.\n", argv[i]);
                else
                    syntax();
                return 1;
            }

            /* check for 2nd argument */
            switch (argv[i][1])
            {
                case 'r':
                case 'o':
                case 'c':
                case 'm':
                case 'w':
                case 'z':
                    if (i + 1 < argc)
                        break;
                    RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: '%s' takes a 2nd argument.\n", argv[i]);
                    return 1;
            }

            /* process argument */
            switch (argv[i][1])
            {
                case 'r':
                    pszRawMem = argv[++i];
                    break;

                case 'z':
                    pszSavedState = argv[++i];
                    break;

                case 'o':
                {
                    rc = RTStrToUInt64Ex(argv[++i], NULL, 0, &offRawMem);
                    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    {
                        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Invalid offset given to -o.\n");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    break;
                }

                case 'm':
                {
                    char *pszNext;
                    rc = RTStrToUInt64Ex(argv[++i], &pszNext, 0, &cbMem);
                    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    {
                        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Invalid memory size given to -m.\n");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    switch (*pszNext)
                    {
                        case 'G':   cbMem *= _1G; pszNext++; break;
                        case 'M':   cbMem *= _1M; pszNext++; break;
                        case 'K':   cbMem *= _1K; pszNext++; break;
                        case '\0':  break;
                        default:
                            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Invalid memory size given to -m.\n");
                            return 1;
                    }
                    if (*pszNext)
                    {
                        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Invalid memory size given to -m.\n");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    break;
                }

                case 's':
                    pszScript = argv[++i];
                    break;

                case 'p':
                    fPowerOn = true;
                    break;

                case 'w':
                {
                    rc = RTStrToUInt32Ex(argv[++i], NULL, 0, &u32WarpDrive);
                    if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                    {
                        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Invalid number given to -w.\n");
                        return 1;
                    }
                    break;
                }

                case 'h':
                case 'H':
                case '?':
                    syntax();
                    return 1;

                default:
                    RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Unknown argument '%s'.\n", argv[i]);
                    return 1;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error at arg no. %d '%s'.\n", i, argv[i]);
            syntax();
            return 1;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Check that the basic requirements are met.
     */
    if (pszRawMem && pszSavedState)
    {
        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: Either -z or -r, not both.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (!pszRawMem && !pszSavedState)
    {
        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: Syntax error: The -r argument is compulsory.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    /*
     * Open the files.
     */
    RTFILE FileRawMem = NIL_RTFILE;
    if (pszRawMem)
    {
        rc = RTFileOpen(&FileRawMem, pszRawMem, RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_OPEN | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        {
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: error: Failed to open '%s': %Rrc\n", pszRawMem, rc);
            return 1;
        }
    }
    RTFILE FileScript = NIL_RTFILE;
    if (pszScript)
    {
        rc = RTFileOpen(&FileScript, pszScript, RTFILE_O_READ | RTFILE_O_OPEN | RTFILE_O_DENY_WRITE);
        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
        {
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: error: Failed to open '%s': %Rrc\n", pszScript, rc);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Figure the memsize if not specified.
     */
    if (cbMem == ~0ULL)
    {
        if (FileRawMem != NIL_RTFILE)
        {
            rc = RTFileGetSize(FileRawMem, &cbMem);
            AssertReleaseRC(rc);
            cbMem -= offRawMem;
            cbMem &= ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
        }
        else
        {
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: error: too lazy to figure out the memsize in a saved state.\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    RTPrintf("tstAnimate: info: cbMem=0x%llx bytes\n", cbMem);

    /*
     * Open a release log.
     */
    static const char * const s_apszGroups[] = VBOX_LOGGROUP_NAMES;
    PRTLOGGER pRelLogger;
    rc = RTLogCreate(&pRelLogger, RTLOGFLAGS_PREFIX_TIME_PROG, "all", "VBOX_RELEASE_LOG",
                     RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszGroups), s_apszGroups, RTLOGDEST_FILE, "./tstAnimate.log");
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        RTLogRelSetDefaultInstance(pRelLogger);
    else
        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: rtLogCreateEx failed - %Rrc\n", rc);

    /*
     * Create empty VM.
     */
    PVM pVM;
    rc = VMR3Create(1, NULL, NULL, NULL, cfgmR3CreateDefault, &cbMem, &pVM);
    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
    {
        /*
         * Load memory.
         */
        if (FileRawMem != NIL_RTFILE)
            rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)loadMem, 3, pVM, FileRawMem, &offRawMem);
        else
            rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)SSMR3Load,
                                 7, pVM, pszSavedState, (uintptr_t)NULL /*pStreamOps*/, (uintptr_t)NULL /*pvUser*/,
                                 SSMAFTER_DEBUG_IT, (uintptr_t)NULL /*pfnProgress*/, (uintptr_t)NULL /*pvProgressUser*/);
        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            /*
             * Load register script.
             */
            if (FileScript != NIL_RTFILE)
                rc = VMR3ReqCallWait(pVM, VMCPUID_ANY, (PFNRT)scriptRun, 2, pVM, FileScript);
            if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
            {
                if (fPowerOn)
                {
                    /*
                     * Adjust warpspeed?
                     */
                    if (u32WarpDrive != 100)
                    {
                        rc = TMR3SetWarpDrive(pVM, u32WarpDrive);
                        if (RT_FAILURE(rc))
                            RTPrintf("warning: TMVirtualSetWarpDrive(,%u) -> %Rrc\n", u32WarpDrive, rc);
                    }

                    /*
                     * Start the thing with single stepping and stuff enabled.
                     * (Try make sure we don't execute anything in raw mode.)
                     */
                    RTPrintf("info: powering on the VM...\n");
                    RTLogGroupSettings(NULL, "+REM_DISAS.e.l.f");
                    rc = REMR3DisasEnableStepping(pVM, true);
                    if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                    {
                        rc = EMR3SetExecutionPolicy(pVM, EMEXECPOLICY_RECOMPILE_RING0, true); AssertReleaseRC(rc);
                        rc = EMR3SetExecutionPolicy(pVM, EMEXECPOLICY_RECOMPILE_RING3, true); AssertReleaseRC(rc);
                        DBGFR3Info(pVM, "cpumguest", "verbose", NULL);
                        if (fPowerOn)
                            rc = VMR3PowerOn(pVM);
                        if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
                        {
                            RTPrintf("info: VM is running\n");
                            signal(SIGINT, SigInterrupt);
                            while (!g_fSignaled)
                                RTThreadSleep(1000);
                        }
                        else
                            RTPrintf("error: Failed to power on the VM: %Rrc\n", rc);
                    }
                    else
                        RTPrintf("error: Failed to enabled singlestepping: %Rrc\n", rc);
                }
                else
                {
                    /*
                     * Don't start it, just enter the debugger.
                     */
                    RTPrintf("info: entering debugger...\n");
                    DBGFR3Info(pVM, "cpumguest", "verbose", NULL);
                    signal(SIGINT, SigInterrupt);
                    while (!g_fSignaled)
                        RTThreadSleep(1000);
                }
                RTPrintf("info: shutting down the VM...\n");
            }
            /* execScript complains */
        }
        else if (FileRawMem == NIL_RTFILE) /* loadMem complains, SSMR3Load doesn't */
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: error: SSMR3Load failed: rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
        rcRet = RT_SUCCESS(rc) ? 0 : 1;

        /*
         * Cleanup.
         */
        rc = VMR3Destroy(pVM);
        if (!RT_SUCCESS(rc))
        {
            RTPrintf("tstAnimate: error: failed to destroy vm! rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
            rcRet++;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        RTPrintf("tstAnimate: fatal error: failed to create vm! rc=%Rrc\n", rc);
        rcRet++;
    }

    return rcRet;
}