Exemple #1
0
int
channel_get(Channel *chan)
{
    DEBUGP printf("channel_get %s %s\n", chan->chan_name, chan->valid?"valid":"invalid");
    if(! chan->valid)
	return -1;
    
    ca_array_get(chan->chan_type, chan->maxelement, chan->chan_id, chan->dataval);
    ca_flush_io( );
    return 0;
}
Exemple #2
0
int cagetFuZE(char *pvName, char *pvValue) {

  RequestT request = get;
  OutputT format = plain;
  chtype dbrType = -1;
  unsigned long reqElems = 0;
  int n, result;
  pv* pvs;
  int i;
  unsigned long nElems;
  

  result = ca_context_create(ca_disable_preemptive_callback);

  pvs = calloc(1, sizeof(pv));

  pvs[0].name = pvName;
  
  connect_pvs(pvs, 1);
  
  for (n = 0; n < 1; n++) {
    
    /* Set up pvs structure */
    /* -------------------- */

    /* Get natural type and array count */
    nElems         = ca_element_count(pvs[n].chid);
    pvs[n].dbfType = ca_field_type(pvs[n].chid);
    pvs[n].dbrType = dbrType;

    /* Set up value structures */
    if (format != specifiedDbr)
      {
	pvs[n].dbrType = dbf_type_to_DBR_TIME(pvs[n].dbfType); /* Use native type */
	if (dbr_type_is_ENUM(pvs[n].dbrType))                  /* Enums honour -n option */
	  {
	    if (enumAsNr) pvs[n].dbrType = DBR_TIME_INT;
	    else          pvs[n].dbrType = DBR_TIME_STRING;
	  }
	else if (floatAsString &&
		 (dbr_type_is_FLOAT(pvs[n].dbrType) || dbr_type_is_DOUBLE(pvs[n].dbrType)))
	  {
	    pvs[n].dbrType = DBR_TIME_STRING;
	  }
      }

    /* Issue CA request */
    /* ---------------- */

    if (ca_state(pvs[n].chid) == cs_conn)
      {
  	nConn++;
  	pvs[n].onceConnected = 1;
  	if (request == callback)
  	  {
  	    /* Event handler will allocate value and set nElems */
  	    pvs[n].reqElems = reqElems > nElems ? nElems : reqElems;
  	    result = ca_array_get_callback(pvs[n].dbrType,
  					   pvs[n].reqElems,
  					   pvs[n].chid,
  					   event_handler,
  					   (void*)&pvs[n]);
  	  } else {
  	  /* We allocate value structure and set nElems */
	  pvs[n].nElems = reqElems && reqElems < nElems ? reqElems : nElems;
  	  pvs[n].value = calloc(1, dbr_size_n(pvs[n].dbrType, pvs[n].nElems));
	  if (!pvs[n].value) {
  	    fprintf(stderr,"Memory allocation failed\n");
  	    return -1;
  	  }
  	  result = ca_array_get(pvs[n].dbrType,
  				pvs[n].nElems,
  				pvs[n].chid,
  				pvs[n].value);
  	}
  	pvs[n].status = result;
      } else {
      pvs[n].status = ECA_DISCONN;
    }
  }

  if (!nConn) return -1;              /* No connection? We're done. */

  /* Wait for completion */
  /* ------------------- */

  result = ca_pend_io(caTimeout);
  if (result == ECA_TIMEOUT) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Read operation timed out: some PV data was not read.\n");
    return -1;
  }

  if (request == callback)    /* Also wait for callbacks */
    {
      if (caTimeout != 0)
        {
	  double slice = caTimeout / PEND_EVENT_SLICES;
	  for (n = 0; n < PEND_EVENT_SLICES; n++)
            {
	      ca_pend_event(slice);
	      if (nRead >= nConn) break;
            }
	  if (nRead < nConn) {
	    fprintf(stderr, "Read operation timed out: some PV data was not read.\n");
	    return -1;
	  }
	} else {
	/* For 0 timeout keep waiting until all are done */
	    while (nRead < nConn) {
	      ca_pend_event(1.0);
	    }
      }
    }


  // Does this kill the connection??
  ca_context_destroy();
  
  sprintf(pvValue, "%s\n", val2str(pvs[0].value, pvs[0].dbrType, 0));

  return 1;

}
void mexFunction(	int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[])
{   
    int i,j, k, status,buflen,Cnt, Hndl, L,M,N,  NumHandles, commandswitch;
    
    int *HndlArray;
    mxArray  *mymxArray;
    double *myDblPr;
    chtype RequestType;
    
    char PVName[PV_NAME_LENGTH_MAX+1];
    // char MCAMessageString[MCA_MESSAGE_STRING_LENGTH_MAX+1];
    
    
      

    dbr_string_t StrBuffer;
    
        
    
    const char *MCAInfoFields[]={"PVName","ElementCount","NativeType","State","MCAMessage","Host"};
    char *NativeTypeStrings[] = {"STRING","INT","FLOAT","ENUM","CHAR","LONG","DOUBLE"};
    


    
    if(!CA_INITIALIZED) // Initialize CA if not initialized (first call)
    {   mexPrintf("Initializing MATLAB Channel Access ... \n");
        status = ca_task_initialize();
        if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
            mexErrMsgTxt("Unable to initialise Challel Access\n");
        CA_INITIALIZED = true;
        // Register a function to be called when a this mex-file is cleared from memory
        // with 'clear' or when exitting MATLAB
        mexAtExit(mca_cleanup);
        // Lock the mex-file so that it can not be cleared without explicitly
        // mexUnclock
        mexLock();
        
        //start periodic polling:
/*        PollTimerHandle = SetTimer(NULL,NULL,MCA_POLL_PERIOD,background_poll);
        if(PollTimerHandle)
            mexPrintf("Periodic CA polling started! System Timer ID: %u\n",PollTimerHandle);
        else
            mexWarnMsgTxt("Failed to start periodic CA polling\n");
 */       
        
    }

    commandswitch = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[0]);
   
    switch(commandswitch)
    {  case 0: 
            mexUnlock();
            break;
    
        case 1: // MCAOPEN - add channel(s) by PV names, all arguments following prhs[0]
               // must be strings - names of PV's
            for(i=1;i<nrhs;i++)
            {   mxGetString(prhs[i],PVName,PV_NAME_LENGTH_MAX+1);
                status = ca_search(PVName,&(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                if(status == ECA_NORMAL) // if not - go on to the next PV name
                {   status = ca_pend_io(MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT);
                    if (status == ECA_NORMAL)
                    {   // Allocate persistent memory for the DataBuffer on this channel
                        // to hold all elements of the DBR_XXX type
                        // nearest to the native type
                        // RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                        // Cnt=ca_element_count(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID);
                        
                        
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements = ca_element_count(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID);
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].MonitorEventCount = 0;
                        
                        switch(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR)
                        {   case DBR_STRING:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_string_t));
                                
                            break;
                        
                            case DBR_INT: // As defined in db_access.h DBR_INT = DBR_SHORT = 1
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_short_t)); 
                            break;
                        
                            case DBR_FLOAT:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_float_t)); 
                            break;
                
                            case DBR_ENUM:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_enum_t)); 
                            break;
                
                            case DBR_CHAR:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_char_t)); 
                            break;
                    
                            case DBR_LONG:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_short_t)); 
                            break;
                    
                            case DBR_DOUBLE:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_double_t)); 
                            break;
                        }   
                        mexMakeMemoryPersistent(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer);
                        
                                 
                        if(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR==DBR_STRING) // CACHE
                        {   if(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements==1) // Create MATLAB string - originally empty
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE = mxCreateString("");
                            else // Create MATLAB cell array of strings
                            {   CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE = mxCreateCellMatrix(1,CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements);
                                for(k=0;k<CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements;k++)
                                {   mymxArray = mxCreateString("");
                                    mexMakeArrayPersistent(mymxArray);
                                    mxSetCell(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE, k, mymxArray);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else // Make CACHE a numeric mxArray 
                        {    CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,mxREAL);  
                        }
                        
                        mexMakeArrayPersistent(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE);
                        
                        plhs[i-1]=mxCreateScalarDouble(++HandlesUsed);                        
                    
                    }
                    else
                        plhs[i-1]=mxCreateScalarDouble(0);

                }
                else
                    plhs[i-1]=mxCreateScalarDouble(0);
            } break;
            
        
        case 2:// MCAOPEN - add channel(s) by PV names. The arguments following prhs[0]
               // argument must be a cell array of strings - PV names
            
            L = mxGetM(prhs[1])*mxGetN(prhs[1]);
            plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,L,mxREAL);
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
            
            for(i=0;i<L;i++)
            {   mymxArray = mxGetCell(prhs[1],i);
                mxGetString(mymxArray,PVName,PV_NAME_LENGTH_MAX+1);
                status = ca_search(PVName,&(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                if(status == ECA_NORMAL) // if not - go on to the next PV name
                {   status = ca_pend_io(MCA_IO_TIMEOUT);
                    if (status == ECA_NORMAL)
                    {   // Allcate persistent memory for the DataBuffer on this channel
                        //RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID));
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements = ca_element_count(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID);
                        CHNLS[HandlesUsed].MonitorEventCount = 0;
                        //Cnt=ca_element_count(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CHID);
                        switch(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR)
                        {   case DBR_STRING:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_string_t)); 
                            break;
                        
                            case DBR_INT: // As defined in db_access.h DBR_INT = DBR_SHORT = 1
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_short_t)); 
                            break;
                        
                            case DBR_FLOAT:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_float_t)); 
                            break;
                
                        
                            case DBR_ENUM:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_enum_t)); 
                            break;
                
                            case DBR_CHAR:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_char_t)); 
                            break;
                    
                            case DBR_LONG:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_short_t)); 
                            break;
                    
                            case DBR_DOUBLE:
                                CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer = mxCalloc(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,sizeof(dbr_double_t)); 
                            break;
                        }   
                        mexMakeMemoryPersistent(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].DataBuffer);   
                        
                        if(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NativeType2DBR == DBR_STRING) // CACHE
                        {   CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE = mxCreateCellMatrix(1,CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements);
                            for(k=0;k<CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements;k++)
                            {   mymxArray = mxCreateString(StrBuffer);
                                mexMakeArrayPersistent(mymxArray);
                                mxSetCell(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE, k, mymxArray);
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {    CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,CHNLS[HandlesUsed].NumElements,mxREAL);  
                        }
                        
                        mexMakeArrayPersistent(CHNLS[HandlesUsed].CACHE);
                        
                        
                        myDblPr[i] = ++HandlesUsed;
                    }
                    else
                        myDblPr[i] = 0;
                }
                else
                    myDblPr[i] = 0;
            } break;
            
       case 3: // MCAOPEN Return names of connected channels as cell array of strings
            plhs[0] = mxCreateCellArray(1, &HandlesUsed);
            for(i=0;i<HandlesUsed;i++)
            {   if(CHNLS[i].CHID!=NULL)
                    {   mymxArray = mxCreateString(ca_name(CHNLS[i].CHID));
                        mxSetCell(plhs[0], i, mymxArray);
                    }
                else
                    {   mymxArray = mxCreateString("");
                        //mexPrintf("Handle: %d PV: %s\n",i+1, "Cleared Channel");
                        mxSetCell(plhs[0], i, mymxArray);
                    }
              } break;
        
        
         
        case 5: // MCACLOSE permanently clear channel
            Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
            if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                mexErrMsgTxt("Handle out of range");  

            // If a monitor is installed, set the EVID pointer to NULL 
            // ca_clear_event dos not do it by itself

            if(CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID) 
                CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID = NULL;
                
            // If there is Callback String - destroy it
            if(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString)
            {   mxFree(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString); 
                CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString =NULL;
            }    
            
            if(ca_state(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)==3)
                mexWarnMsgTxt("Channel previously cleared");
            else
                if(ca_clear_channel(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)!=ECA_NORMAL)
                    mexErrMsgTxt("ca_clear_channel failed");

            break;
            
        case 10: // MCAINFO return channels info as MATLAB structure array
            if(HandlesUsed>0)
            {   plhs[0] = mxCreateStructMatrix(1,HandlesUsed,6,MCAInfoFields);
                
                for(i=0;i<HandlesUsed;i++)
                {   mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,0,mxCreateString(ca_name(CHNLS[i].CHID)));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,1,mxCreateScalarDouble(ca_element_count(CHNLS[i].CHID)));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,5,mxCreateString(ca_host_name(CHNLS[i].CHID)));
                    
                    switch(ca_state(CHNLS[i].CHID))
                    {   case 1: // Disconnected due to Server or Network - may reconnect 
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,2,mxCreateString("unknown"));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,3,mxCreateString("disconnected"));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,4,mxCreateString("Disconnected due to server or network problem"));
                            break;
                        case 2: // Normal connection
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,2,mxCreateString(NativeTypeStrings[ca_field_type(CHNLS[i].CHID)]));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,3,mxCreateString("connected"));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,4,mxCreateString("Normal connection"));
                            break;
                        case 3: // Disconnected by user
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,2,mxCreateString("unknown"));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,3,mxCreateString("disconnected"));
                            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],i,4,mxCreateString("Permanently disconnected (cleared) by the user"));                    
                            break;
                    }    
                }
            }
            else
            {   mexWarnMsgTxt("No connected PV's found"); 
                plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(0,0,mxREAL);
                
            }
            break;    
        
            
        case 11: // MCAINFO return info for 1 channel by handle number 
            Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
            if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                mexErrMsgTxt("Handle out of range");  
                
            plhs[0] = mxCreateStructMatrix(1,1,6,MCAInfoFields);

            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,0,mxCreateString(ca_name(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)));
            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,1,mxCreateScalarDouble(ca_element_count(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)));
            mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,5,mxCreateString(ca_host_name(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)));
            
            switch(ca_state(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID))
            {  case 1: // Disconnected due to Server or Network - may reconnect 
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,2,mxCreateString("unknown"));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,3,mxCreateString("disconnected"));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,4,mxCreateString("Disconnected due to server or network problem"));
                    break;
                case 2: // Normal connection
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,2,mxCreateString(NativeTypeStrings[ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)]));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,3,mxCreateString("connected"));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,4,mxCreateString("Normal connection"));
                    break;
                case 3: // Disconnected by user
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,2,mxCreateString("unknown"));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,3,mxCreateString("disconnected"));
                    mxSetFieldByNumber(plhs[0],0,4,mxCreateString("Permanently disconnected (cleared) by the user"));                    
                    break;
            };    
            
        break;    
        
        case 12: // MCASTATE return an array of status (1 - OK, 0 - disconnected or cleared) 
            if(HandlesUsed>0)
            {   plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,HandlesUsed,mxREAL);
                myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
                for(i=0;i<HandlesUsed;i++)
                    myDblPr[i] = (double)(ca_state(CHNLS[i].CHID)==2);
            }
            else
            {   mexWarnMsgTxt("No connected PV's found"); 
                plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(0,0,mxREAL);
                
            }
            break;    
        
        
        case 30: // poll
            ca_poll();
        break;
            

        case 50: // MCAGET Get PV values by their MCA handles
            
            for(i=0;i<nrhs-1;i++) // First loop: place all ca_get requests in the buffer
            {   Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1+i]); //start from[1]:  [0] argument is the commnads switch
                if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                    mexErrMsgTxt("Invalid Handle");
                
                RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID));
                Cnt = ca_element_count(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID);
                status = ca_array_get(RequestType,Cnt,CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID,CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer);
                if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                    mexPrintf("Error in call to ca_array_get\n");
            }   
            
            status = ca_pend_io(MCA_GET_TIMEOUT);
            if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                mexErrMsgTxt("... ca_pend_io call timed out \n");
            
            
            for(i=0;i<nrhs-1;i++) // Another loop to copy data from temp structures to MATLAB
            
            {   Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1+i]);
                RequestType = RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID));
                Cnt = ca_element_count(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID);
                
                if(RequestType==DBR_STRING)
                {   if(Cnt==1)
                        plhs[i] = mxCreateString((char*)(*((dbr_string_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer))));
                    else
                    {   plhs[i] = mxCreateCellMatrix(1,Cnt);
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            mxSetCell(plhs[i], j, mxCreateString((char*)(*((dbr_string_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j))));
                    }
                }
                
                else 
                {   plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,Cnt,mxREAL);
                    myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[i]);
                                        
                    switch(dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)))
                    
                    {   case DBR_INT: // As defined in db_access.h DBR_INT = DBR_SHORT = 1
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_short_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;    
                 
                        case DBR_FLOAT:
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_float_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;
                
                        case DBR_ENUM:
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_enum_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;
                
                        case DBR_CHAR:
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_char_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;
                    
                        case DBR_LONG:
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_long_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;
                    
                        case DBR_DOUBLE:
                        for(j=0;j<Cnt;j++)
                            myDblPr[j]= (double)(*((dbr_double_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+j));
                        break;
                    } 

                }
                
            } break;            

            case 51: // MCAGET Get scalar PV of the same type 
                     // second argument is an array of handles
                     // returns an array of values
            
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(prhs[1]);
            M = mxGetM(prhs[1]);
            N = mxGetN(prhs[1]);
            
            NumHandles = M*N;
            plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(M,N,mxREAL);
            
            for(i=0;i<NumHandles;i++) // First loop: place all ca_get requests in the buffer
            {   Hndl = (int)myDblPr[i];
                if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                    mexErrMsgTxt("Invalid Handle");
                
                RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID));
                status = ca_array_get(DBR_DOUBLE,1,CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID,mxGetPr(plhs[0])+i);
                if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                    mexPrintf("Error in call to ca_array_get\n");
            }   
            
            status = ca_pend_io(MCA_GET_TIMEOUT);
            if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                mexErrMsgTxt("... ca_pend_io call timed out \n");
            
            break;            

        
       
        case 70: // MCAPUT
            NumHandles = (nrhs-1)/2;
            for(i=0;i<NumHandles;i++)
            {   j = 2+i*2;
                Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1+i*2]); 
                if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                    mexErrMsgTxt("Handle out of range - no values written");
                // Set the status to 0 - mcaput_callback will write 1, if successful
                CHNLS[Hndl-1].LastPutStatus = 0;    
                RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID));            
                Cnt = ca_element_count(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID);
                
                
                // If a value to write is passed as a string - the number of elements to write 
                //   is 1 , NOT the length of the string returned by mxGetNumberOfElements
                if(mxIsChar(prhs[j])) 
                    L=1;
                else
                    L = min(mxGetNumberOfElements(prhs[j]),Cnt);
                

                // Copy double or string data from MATLAB prhs[] to DataBuffer
                // on each channel 
                
                if(RequestType==DBR_STRING)
                {   // STRING type is is passed as a cell array of strings
                    // A a 1-row MATLAB character array (1 string) may also be passed as a value
                    
                    if(mxIsChar(prhs[j]))
                    {   mxGetString(prhs[j], StrBuffer, sizeof(dbr_string_t));
                        strcpy((char*)(*((dbr_string_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer))),StrBuffer);
                        
                    }
                    else if(mxIsCell(prhs[j]))
                    {   for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                        {   mxGetString(mxGetCell(prhs[j],k), StrBuffer, sizeof(dbr_string_t));
                            strcpy((char*)(*((dbr_string_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k)),StrBuffer);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {   myDblPr = mxGetPr(prhs[j]); 
                    switch(RequestType)
                    {   
                        case DBR_INT: // As defined in db_access.h DBR_INT = DBR_SHORT = 1
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_short_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_short_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;    
                 
                        case DBR_FLOAT:
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_float_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_float_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;
                
                        case DBR_ENUM:
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_enum_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_enum_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;
                
                        case DBR_CHAR:
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_char_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_char_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;
                   
                        case DBR_LONG:
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_long_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_long_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;
                    
                        case DBR_DOUBLE:
                        for(k=0;k<L;k++)
                            *((dbr_double_t*)(CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer)+k) = (dbr_double_t)(myDblPr[k]);
                        break;
                    } 
                }            
 
                // place request in the que 
                status = ca_array_put_callback(RequestType,L,CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID,CHNLS[Hndl-1].DataBuffer,
                                                   mcaput_callback,&(CHNLS[Hndl-1].LastPutStatus));

                 if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                    mexPrintf("ca_array_put_callback failed\n");
            }   
            
            status = ca_pend_event(MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT);
            
            plhs[0]=mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,NumHandles,mxREAL);
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);  
            
            for(i=0;i<NumHandles;i++)
            {   Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1+i*2]);
                myDblPr[i] = (double)CHNLS[Hndl-1].LastPutStatus;
                
            }
           
            break;
        
       case 80: // MCAPUT - fast unconfirmed put for scalar numeric PV's
        
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(prhs[1]);
            M = mxGetM(prhs[1]);
            N = mxGetN(prhs[1]);                
            NumHandles = M*N;
            
            plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(M,N,mxREAL);
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);  
            
            for(i=0;i<NumHandles;i++)
            {   myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
                Hndl = (int)(*(mxGetPr(prhs[1])+i)); 
                if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                    mexErrMsgTxt("Handle out of range - no values written");

                status = ca_array_put(DBR_DOUBLE,1,CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID,mxGetPr(prhs[2])+i);

                if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                    {   myDblPr[i] = 0;
                        //mexPrintf("ca_array_put_callback failed\n");
                    }
                    else
                    {   myDblPr[i] = 1;
                    }
                    
            }   
            
            status = ca_pend_io(MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT);
            
            break;    
                 
            
        case 100: // MCAMON install Monitor or replace MonitorCBString
            
            Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1]); 
            
            // Check if the handle is within range 
            if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
            {   plhs[0]=mxCreateScalarDouble(0);
                mexErrMsgTxt("Invalid Handle");
            }
            
            if(CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID) // if VID is not NULL - another monitor is already installed - replace MonitorCBString
            {   if(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString) // Free memory for occupied by the old MonitorCBString
                {   mxFree(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString);
                    CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString = NULL;
                }
                if(nrhs>2) // Check if the new string is specified
                {   if(mxIsChar(prhs[2]))
                    {   buflen = mxGetM(prhs[2])*mxGetN(prhs[2])+1;
                        CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString = (char *)mxMalloc(buflen);
                        mexMakeMemoryPersistent(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString);
                        mxGetString(prhs[2],CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString,buflen); 
                    } 
                    else
                        mexErrMsgTxt("Third argument must be a string\n");
                }
                plhs[0]=mxCreateScalarDouble(1);
            }
            else // No monitor is presently installed;
            {   RequestType = dbf_type_to_DBR(ca_field_type(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID)); // Closest to the native 
            
            
                if(nrhs>2)
                {   if(mxIsChar(prhs[2]))
                    {   buflen = mxGetM(prhs[2])*mxGetN(prhs[2])+1;
                        CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString = (char *)mxMalloc(buflen);
                        mexMakeMemoryPersistent(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString);
                        mxGetString(prhs[2],CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString,buflen); 
                    } 
                    else
                        mexErrMsgTxt("Third argument must be a string\n");
                }
                else
                    CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString = NULL;  // Set MonitorCBString to NULL so that mcaMonitorEventHandler only copies data to CACHE
            
                // Count argument set to 0 - native count
                status = ca_add_array_event(RequestType,0,CHNLS[Hndl-1].CHID, mcaMonitorEventHandler, &CHNLS[Hndl-1], 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, &(CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID));
              
                if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                {   mexPrintf("ca_add_array_event failed\n");      
                    plhs[0]=mxCreateScalarDouble(0);
                }
                else
                {   ca_poll();
                    plhs[0]=mxCreateScalarDouble(1);
                }
            }   
            break;
            
        case 200: // Clear Monitor MCACLEARMON
            
            Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1]); 
            if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                mexErrMsgTxt("Invalid Handle");
            if(!CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID) 
                mexErrMsgTxt("No monitor installed - can not clear");
                
            status = ca_clear_event(CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID);
            if(status!=ECA_NORMAL)
                mexPrintf("ca_clear_event failed\n");
                
            // Set the EVID pointer to NULL (ca_clear_event dos not do it by itself)
            // to use as a FLAG that no monitors are installed 
            CHNLS[Hndl-1].EVID = NULL;
            // Reset
            CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorEventCount = 0;    
            // If there is Callback String - destroy it
            if(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString)
            {   mxFree(CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString); 
                CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorCBString =NULL;
            }
                
          
        break;
          
        case 300: // MCACACHE Get Cached values of a monitored PV
            for(i=0;i<nrhs-1;i++)
            {   Hndl = (int)mxGetScalar(prhs[1+i]);
                // if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed || !CHNLS[Hndl-1].CACHE)
                if(Hndl<1 || Hndl>HandlesUsed)
                    plhs[i] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(0,0,mxREAL);
                else
                    {   plhs[i] = mxDuplicateArray(CHNLS[Hndl-1].CACHE);
                        CHNLS[Hndl-1].MonitorEventCount = 0;
                    }
            }       
          
        break;
        
        case 500: // MCAMON Info on installed monitors
            L = 0;
            HndlArray = (int*)mxCalloc(HandlesUsed,sizeof(int));
            
            for(i=0;i<HandlesUsed;i++) // Count installed monitors
            {   if(CHNLS[i].EVID)
                HndlArray[L++]=i+1;
            }       
            
            if(L>0)
            {   plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,L,mxREAL);
                myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
                plhs[1] = mxCreateCellMatrix(1,L);
                for(i=0;i<L;i++)
                {   myDblPr[i] = (double)HndlArray[i];
                    mxSetCell(plhs[1],i,mxCreateString(CHNLS[HndlArray[i]-1].MonitorCBString));
                }
            }
            else
            {   plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(0,0,mxREAL);
                plhs[1] = mxCreateCellMatrix(0,0);
            }
            
        break;
        
        case 510: // MCAMONEVENTS Event count fot monitors
                       
            plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(1,HandlesUsed,mxREAL);
            myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
            for(i=0;i<HandlesUsed;i++)
                myDblPr[i]=(double)(CHNLS[i].MonitorEventCount);
            
        break;
        
        case 1000: // print timeout settings
            plhs[0] = mxCreateDoubleMatrix(3,1,mxREAL);
            mexPrintf("MCA timeout settings\n:");
            mexPrintf("mcaopen\t%f [s]\n",  MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT );
            mexPrintf("mcaget\t%f [s]\n",  MCA_GET_TIMEOUT ); 
            mexPrintf("mcaput\t%f [s]\n",  MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT );

            myDblPr = mxGetPr(plhs[0]);
            myDblPr[0] = MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT;
            myDblPr[1] = MCA_GET_TIMEOUT;
            myDblPr[2] = MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT;

            
        break;
        
        
        case 1001: // set MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT
            // return delay value
            MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT = mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
            plhs[0] = mxCreateScalarDouble(MCA_SEARCH_TIMEOUT);
        break;
        
        case 1002: // set MCA_GET_TIMEOUT
            // return delay value
            MCA_GET_TIMEOUT = mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
            plhs[0] = mxCreateScalarDouble(MCA_GET_TIMEOUT);
        break;
        
        case 1003: // set MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT
            // return delay value
            MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT = mxGetScalar(prhs[1]);
            plhs[0] = mxCreateScalarDouble(MCA_PUT_TIMEOUT);
        break;

    } 
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int i;
    int result;                 /* CA result */
    OutputT format = plain;     /* User specified format */
    RequestT request = get;     /* User specified request type */
    int isArray = 0;            /* Flag for array operation */
    int enumAsString = 0;       /* Force ENUM values to be strings */

    int count = 1;
    int opt;                    /* getopt() current option */
    chtype dbrType = DBR_STRING;
    char *pend;
    EpicsStr *sbuf;
    double *dbuf;
    char *cbuf = 0;
    char *ebuf = 0;
    void *pbuf;
    int len = 0;
    int waitStatus;
    struct dbr_gr_enum bufGrEnum;

    int nPvs;                   /* Number of PVs */
    pv* pvs;                /* Array of PV structures */

    LINE_BUFFER(stdout);        /* Configure stdout buffering */
    putenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT="); /* Behave correct on GNU getopt systems */

    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, ":cnlhatsS#:w:p:F:")) != -1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case 'h':               /* Print usage */
            usage();
            return 0;
        case 'n':               /* Force interpret ENUM as index number */
            enumAsNr = 1;
            enumAsString = 0;
            break;
        case 's':               /* Force interpret ENUM as menu string */
            enumAsString = 1;
            enumAsNr = 0;
            break;
        case 'S':               /* Treat char array as (long) string */
            charArrAsStr = 1;
            isArray = 0;
            break;
        case 't':               /* Select terse output format */
            format = terse;
            break;
        case 'l':               /* Select long output format */
            format = all;
            break;
        case 'a':               /* Select array mode */
            isArray = 1;
            charArrAsStr = 0;
            break;
        case 'c':               /* Select put_callback mode */
            request = callback;
            break;
        case 'w':               /* Set CA timeout value */
            if(epicsScanDouble(optarg, &caTimeout) != 1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "'%s' is not a valid timeout value "
                        "- ignored. ('caput -h' for help.)\n", optarg);
                caTimeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
            }
            break;
        case '#':               /* Array count */
            if (sscanf(optarg,"%d", &count) != 1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "'%s' is not a valid array element count "
                        "- ignored. ('caput -h' for help.)\n", optarg);
                count = 0;
            }
            break;
        case 'p':               /* CA priority */
            if (sscanf(optarg,"%u", &caPriority) != 1)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "'%s' is not a valid CA priority "
                        "- ignored. ('caget -h' for help.)\n", optarg);
                caPriority = DEFAULT_CA_PRIORITY;
            }
            if (caPriority > CA_PRIORITY_MAX) caPriority = CA_PRIORITY_MAX;
            break;
        case 'F':               /* Store this for output and tool_lib formatting */
            fieldSeparator = (char) *optarg;
            break;
        case '?':
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "Unrecognized option: '-%c'. ('caput -h' for help.)\n",
                    optopt);
            return 1;
        case ':':
            fprintf(stderr,
                    "Option '-%c' requires an argument. ('caput -h' for help.)\n",
                    optopt);
            return 1;
        default :
            usage();
            return 1;
        }
    }

    nPvs = argc - optind;       /* Remaining arg list are PV names and values */

    if (nPvs < 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No pv name specified. ('caput -h' for help.)\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (nPvs == 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No value specified. ('caput -h' for help.)\n");
        return 1;
    }

    nPvs = 1;                   /* One PV - the rest is value(s) */

    epId = epicsEventCreate(epicsEventEmpty);  /* Create empty EPICS event (semaphore) */

                                /* Start up Channel Access */

    result = ca_context_create(ca_enable_preemptive_callback);
    if (result != ECA_NORMAL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "CA error %s occurred while trying "
                "to start channel access.\n", ca_message(result));
        return 1;
    }
                                /* Allocate PV structure array */

    pvs = calloc (nPvs, sizeof(pv));
    if (!pvs) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation for channel structure failed.\n");
        return 1;
    }
                                /* Connect channels */

    pvs[0].name = argv[optind] ;   /* Copy PV name from command line */

    result = connect_pvs(pvs, nPvs); /* If the connection fails, we're done */
    if (result) {
        ca_context_destroy();
        return result;
    }

                                /* Get values from command line */
    optind++;

    if (isArray) {
        optind++;               /* In case of array skip first value (nr
                                 * of elements) - actual number of values is used */
        count = argc - optind;

    } else {                    /* Concatenate the remaining line to one string
                                 * (sucks but is compatible to the former version) */
        for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
            len += strlen(argv[i]);
            len++;
        }
        cbuf = calloc(len, sizeof(char));
        if (!cbuf) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed.\n");
            return 1;
        }
        strcpy(cbuf, argv[optind]);

        if (argc > optind+1) {
            for (i = optind + 1; i < argc; i++) {
                strcat(cbuf, " ");
                strcat(cbuf, argv[i]); 
            }
        }

        if ((argc - optind) >= 1)
            count = 1;
        argv[optind] = cbuf;
    }

    sbuf = calloc (count, sizeof(EpicsStr));
    dbuf = calloc (count, sizeof(double));
    if(!sbuf || !dbuf) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed\n");
        return 1;
    }

                                /*  ENUM? Special treatment */

    if (ca_field_type(pvs[0].chid) == DBR_ENUM) {

                                /* Get the ENUM strings */

        result = ca_array_get (DBR_GR_ENUM, 1, pvs[0].chid, &bufGrEnum);
        result = ca_pend_io(caTimeout);
        if (result == ECA_TIMEOUT) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Read operation timed out: ENUM data was not read.\n");
            return 1;
        }

        if (enumAsNr) {         /* Interpret values as numbers */

            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                dbuf[i] = epicsStrtod(*(argv+optind+i), &pend);
                if (*(argv+optind+i) == pend) { /* Conversion didn't work */
                    fprintf(stderr, "Enum index value '%s' is not a number.\n",
                            *(argv+optind+i));
                    return 1;
                }
                if (dbuf[i] >= bufGrEnum.no_str) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Warning: enum index value '%s' may be too large.\n",
                            *(argv+optind+i));
                }
            }
            dbrType = DBR_DOUBLE;

        } else {                /* Interpret values as strings */

            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                epicsStrnRawFromEscaped(sbuf[i], sizeof(EpicsStr), *(argv+optind+i), sizeof(EpicsStr));
                *( sbuf[i]+sizeof(EpicsStr)-1 ) = '\0';
                dbrType = DBR_STRING;

                                /* Compare to ENUM strings */
                for (len = 0; len < bufGrEnum.no_str; len++)
                    if (!strcmp(sbuf[i], bufGrEnum.strs[len]))
                        break;

                if (len >= bufGrEnum.no_str) {
                                         /* Not a string? Try as number */
                    dbuf[i] = epicsStrtod(sbuf[i], &pend);
                    if (sbuf[i] == pend || enumAsString) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Enum string value '%s' invalid.\n", sbuf[i]);
                        return 1;
                    }
                    if (dbuf[i] >= bufGrEnum.no_str) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: enum index value '%s' may be too large.\n", sbuf[i]);
                    }
                    dbrType = DBR_DOUBLE;
                }
            }
        }

    } else {                    /* Not an ENUM */

        if (charArrAsStr) {
            dbrType = DBR_CHAR;
            ebuf = calloc(len, sizeof(char));
            if(!ebuf) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed\n");
                return 1;
            }
            count = epicsStrnRawFromEscaped(ebuf, len, cbuf, len-1) + 1;
        } else {
            for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                epicsStrnRawFromEscaped(sbuf[i], sizeof(EpicsStr), *(argv+optind+i), sizeof(EpicsStr));
                *( sbuf[i]+sizeof(EpicsStr)-1 ) = '\0';
            }
            dbrType = DBR_STRING;
        }
    }

                                /* Read and print old data */
    if (format != terse) {
        printf("Old : ");
        result = caget(pvs, nPvs, format, 0, 0);
    }

                                /* Write new data */
    if (dbrType == DBR_STRING) pbuf = sbuf;
    else if (dbrType == DBR_CHAR) pbuf = ebuf;
    else pbuf = dbuf;

    if (request == callback) {
        /* Use callback version of put */
        pvs[0].status = ECA_NORMAL;   /* All ok at the moment */
        result = ca_array_put_callback (
            dbrType, count, pvs[0].chid, pbuf, put_event_handler, (void *) pvs);
    } else {
        /* Use standard put with defined timeout */
        result = ca_array_put (dbrType, count, pvs[0].chid, pbuf);
    }
    result = ca_pend_io(caTimeout);
    if (result == ECA_TIMEOUT) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Write operation timed out: Data was not written.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (request == callback) {   /* Also wait for callbacks */
        waitStatus = epicsEventWaitWithTimeout( epId, caTimeout );
        if (waitStatus)
            fprintf(stderr, "Write callback operation timed out\n");

        /* retrieve status from callback */
        result = pvs[0].status;
    }

    if (result != ECA_NORMAL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error occured writing data.\n");
        return 1;
    }

                                /* Read and print new data */
    if (format != terse)
        printf("New : ");

    result = caget(pvs, nPvs, format, 0, 0);

                                /* Shut down Channel Access */
    ca_context_destroy();

    return result;
}
int caget (pv *pvs, int nPvs, OutputT format,
           chtype dbrType, unsigned long reqElems)
{
    unsigned int i;
    int n, result;

    for (n = 0; n < nPvs; n++) {

                                /* Set up pvs structure */
                                /* -------------------- */

                                /* Get natural type and array count */
        pvs[n].nElems  = ca_element_count(pvs[n].chid);
        pvs[n].dbfType = ca_field_type(pvs[n].chid);
        pvs[n].dbrType = dbrType;

                                /* Set up value structures */
        pvs[n].dbrType = dbf_type_to_DBR_TIME(pvs[n].dbfType); /* Use native type */
        if (dbr_type_is_ENUM(pvs[n].dbrType))             /* Enums honour -n option */
        {
            if (enumAsNr) pvs[n].dbrType = DBR_TIME_INT;
            else          pvs[n].dbrType = DBR_TIME_STRING;
        }

        if (reqElems == 0 || pvs[n].nElems < reqElems)    /* Adjust array count */
            pvs[n].reqElems = pvs[n].nElems;
        else
            pvs[n].reqElems = reqElems;

                                /* Issue CA request */
                                /* ---------------- */

        if (ca_state(pvs[n].chid) == cs_conn)
        {
            nConn++;
            pvs[n].onceConnected = 1;
                                   /* Allocate value structure */
            pvs[n].value = calloc(1, dbr_size_n(pvs[n].dbrType, pvs[n].reqElems));
            if(!pvs[n].value){
                fprintf(stderr,"Allocation failed\n");
                exit(1);
            }
            result = ca_array_get(pvs[n].dbrType,
                                  pvs[n].reqElems,
                                  pvs[n].chid,
                                  pvs[n].value);
            pvs[n].status = result;
        } else {
            pvs[n].status = ECA_DISCONN;
        }
    }
    if (!nConn) return 1;              /* No connection? We're done. */

                                /* Wait for completion */
                                /* ------------------- */

    result = ca_pend_io(caTimeout);
    if (result == ECA_TIMEOUT)
        fprintf(stderr, "Read operation timed out: PV data was not read.\n");

                                /* Print the data */
                                /* -------------- */

    for (n = 0; n < nPvs; n++) {

        switch (format) {
        case plain:             /* Emulate old caput behaviour */
            if (pvs[n].reqElems <= 1 && fieldSeparator == ' ') printf("%-30s", pvs[n].name);
            else                                               printf("%s", pvs[n].name);
            printf("%c", fieldSeparator);
        case terse:
            if (pvs[n].status == ECA_DISCONN)
                printf("*** not connected\n");
            else if (pvs[n].status == ECA_NORDACCESS)
                printf("*** no read access\n");
            else if (pvs[n].status != ECA_NORMAL)
                printf("*** CA error %s\n", ca_message(pvs[n].status));
            else if (pvs[n].value == 0)
                printf("*** no data available (timeout)\n");
            else
            {
                if (charArrAsStr && dbr_type_is_CHAR(pvs[n].dbrType) && (reqElems || pvs[n].reqElems > 1)) {
                    dbr_char_t *s = (dbr_char_t*) dbr_value_ptr(pvs[n].value, pvs[n].dbrType);
                    int dlen = epicsStrnEscapedFromRawSize((char*)s, strlen((char*)s));
                    char *d = calloc(dlen+1, sizeof(char));
                    if(!d){
                        fprintf(stderr,"Allocation failed\n");
                        exit(1);
                    }
                    epicsStrnEscapedFromRaw(d, dlen+1, (char*)s, strlen((char*)s));
                    printf("%s", d);
                    free(d);
                } else {
                    if (reqElems || pvs[n].nElems > 1) printf("%lu%c", pvs[n].reqElems, fieldSeparator);
                    for (i=0; i<pvs[n].reqElems; ++i) {
                        if (i) printf ("%c", fieldSeparator);
                        printf("%s", val2str(pvs[n].value, pvs[n].dbrType, i));
                    }
                }
                printf("\n");
            }
            break;
        case all:
            print_time_val_sts(&pvs[n], reqElems);
            break;
        default :
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}