int isa_l_min_fragments(void *desc, int *missing_idxs,
        int *fragments_to_exclude, int *fragments_needed)
{
    isa_l_descriptor *isa_l_desc = (isa_l_descriptor*)desc;

    uint64_t exclude_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(fragments_to_exclude);
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs) | exclude_bm;
    int i;
    int j = 0;
    int ret = -1;

    for (i = 0; i < (isa_l_desc->k + isa_l_desc->m); i++) {
        if (!(missing_bm & (1 << i))) {
            fragments_needed[j] = i;
            j++;
        }
        if (j == isa_l_desc->k) {
            ret = 0;
            fragments_needed[j] = -1;
            break;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}
static int liberasurecode_rs_vand_min_fragments(void *desc, int *missing_idxs,
        int *fragments_to_exclude, int *fragments_needed)
{
    struct liberasurecode_rs_vand_descriptor *rs_vand_desc = 
        (struct liberasurecode_rs_vand_descriptor*)desc;

    uint64_t exclude_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(fragments_to_exclude);
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs) | exclude_bm;
    int i;
    int j = 0;
    int ret = -1;

    for (i = 0; i < (rs_vand_desc->k + rs_vand_desc->m); i++) {
        if (!(missing_bm & (1 << i))) {
            fragments_needed[j] = i;
            j++;
        }
        if (j == rs_vand_desc->k) {
            ret = 0;
            fragments_needed[j] = -1;
            break;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}
static unsigned char* isa_l_get_decode_matrix(int k, int m, unsigned char *encode_matrix, int *missing_idxs)
{
    int i = 0, j = 0, l = 0;
    int n = k + m;
    unsigned char *decode_matrix = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * k * k);
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs);

    while (i < k && l < n) {
        if (((1 << l) & missing_bm) == 0) {
            for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                decode_matrix[(k * i) + j] = encode_matrix[(k * l) + j];
            }
            i++;
        }
        l++;
    }

    if (i != k) {
        free(decode_matrix);
        decode_matrix = NULL;
    }

    return decode_matrix;
}
int isa_l_reconstruct(void *desc, char **data, char **parity,
        int *missing_idxs, int destination_idx, int blocksize)
{
    isa_l_descriptor *isa_l_desc = (isa_l_descriptor*) desc;
    unsigned char *g_tbls = NULL;
    unsigned char *decode_matrix = NULL;
    unsigned char *decode_inverse = NULL;
    unsigned char *inverse_rows = NULL;
    unsigned char *reconstruct_buf = NULL;
    unsigned char **available_fragments = NULL;
    int k = isa_l_desc->k;
    int m = isa_l_desc->m;
    int n = k + m;
    int ret = -1;
    int i, j;
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs);
    int inverse_row = -1;

    /**
     * Get available elements and compute the inverse of their
     * corresponding rows.
     */
    decode_matrix = isa_l_get_decode_matrix(k, m, isa_l_desc->matrix, missing_idxs);

    if (NULL == decode_matrix) {
        goto out;
    }

    decode_inverse = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * k * k);

    if (NULL == decode_inverse) {
        goto out;
    }

    int im_ret = isa_l_desc->gf_invert_matrix(decode_matrix, decode_inverse, k);
    if (im_ret < 0) {
        goto out;
    }

    /**
     * Get the row needed to reconstruct
     */
    inverse_rows = get_inverse_rows(k, m, decode_inverse, isa_l_desc->matrix, missing_idxs, isa_l_desc->gf_mul);

    // Generate g_tbls from computed decode matrix (k x k) matrix
    g_tbls = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * (k * m * 32));
    if (NULL == g_tbls) {
        goto out;
    }

    /**
     * Fill in the available elements
     */
    available_fragments = (unsigned char**)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char*)*k);
    if (NULL == available_fragments) {
        goto out;
    }

    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (missing_bm & (1 << i)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (j == k) {
          break;
        }
        if (i < k) {
            available_fragments[j] = (unsigned char*)data[i];
        } else {
            available_fragments[j] = (unsigned char*)parity[i-k];
        }
        j++;
    }

    /**
     * Copy pointer of buffer to reconstruct
     */
    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (missing_bm & (1 << i)) {
            if (i == destination_idx) {
                if (i < k) {
                    reconstruct_buf = (unsigned char*)data[i];
                } else {
                    reconstruct_buf = (unsigned char*)parity[i-k];
                }
                inverse_row = j;
                break;
            }
            j++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Do the reconstruction
     */
    isa_l_desc->ec_init_tables(k, 1, &inverse_rows[inverse_row * k], g_tbls);

    isa_l_desc->ec_encode_data(blocksize, k, 1, g_tbls, (unsigned char**)available_fragments,
                               (unsigned char**)&reconstruct_buf);

    ret = 0;
out:
    free(g_tbls);
    free(decode_matrix);
    free(decode_inverse);
    free(inverse_rows);
    free(available_fragments);

    return ret;
}
int isa_l_decode(void *desc, char **data, char **parity,
        int *missing_idxs, int blocksize)
{
    isa_l_descriptor *isa_l_desc = (isa_l_descriptor*)desc;

    unsigned char *g_tbls = NULL;
    unsigned char *decode_matrix = NULL;
    unsigned char *decode_inverse = NULL;
    unsigned char *inverse_rows = NULL;
    unsigned char **decoded_elements = NULL;
    unsigned char **available_fragments = NULL;
    int k = isa_l_desc->k;
    int m = isa_l_desc->m;
    int n = k + m;
    int ret = -1;
    int i, j;

    int num_missing_elements = get_num_missing_elements(missing_idxs);
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs);

    decode_matrix = isa_l_get_decode_matrix(k, m, isa_l_desc->matrix, missing_idxs);

    if (NULL == decode_matrix) {
        goto out;
    }

    decode_inverse = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * k * k);

    if (NULL == decode_inverse) {
        goto out;
    }

    int im_ret = isa_l_desc->gf_invert_matrix(decode_matrix, decode_inverse, k);
    if (im_ret < 0) {
        goto out;
    }

    // Generate g_tbls from computed decode matrix (k x k) matrix
    g_tbls = malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * (k * m * 32));
    if (NULL == g_tbls) {
        goto out;
    }

    inverse_rows = get_inverse_rows(k, m, decode_inverse, isa_l_desc->matrix, missing_idxs, isa_l_desc->gf_mul);

    decoded_elements = (unsigned char**)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char*)*num_missing_elements);
    if (NULL == decoded_elements) {
        goto out;
    }

    available_fragments = (unsigned char**)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char*)*k);
    if (NULL == available_fragments) {
        goto out;
    }

    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (missing_bm & (1 << i)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (j == k) {
            break;
        }
        if (i < k) {
            available_fragments[j] = (unsigned char*)data[i];
        } else {
            available_fragments[j] = (unsigned char*)parity[i-k];
        }
        j++;
    }

    // Grab pointers to memory needed for missing data fragments
    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        if (missing_bm & (1 << i)) {
            decoded_elements[j] = (unsigned char*)data[i];
            j++;
        }
    }
    for (i = k; i < n; i++) {
        if (missing_bm & (1 << i)) {
            decoded_elements[j] = (unsigned char*)parity[i - k];
            j++;
        }
    }

    isa_l_desc->ec_init_tables(k, num_missing_elements, inverse_rows, g_tbls);

    isa_l_desc->ec_encode_data(blocksize, k, num_missing_elements, g_tbls, (unsigned char**)available_fragments,
                               (unsigned char**)decoded_elements);

    ret = 0;

out:
    free(g_tbls);
    free(decode_matrix);
    free(decode_inverse);
    free(inverse_rows);
    free(decoded_elements);
    free(available_fragments);

    return ret;
}
/*
 * TODO: Add in missing parity rows and adjust the inverse_rows to
 * be used for parity.
 */
static unsigned char* get_inverse_rows(int k,
                                       int m,
                                       unsigned char *decode_inverse,
                                       unsigned char* encode_matrix,
                                       int *missing_idxs,
                                       gf_mul_func gf_mul)
{
    uint64_t missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs);
    int num_missing_elements = get_num_missing_elements(missing_idxs);
    unsigned char *inverse_rows = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned
                                    char*) * k * num_missing_elements);
    int i, j, l = 0;
    int n = k + m;

    if (NULL == inverse_rows) {
        return NULL;
    }

    memset(inverse_rows, 0, sizeof(unsigned
                                    char*) * k * num_missing_elements);

    /*
     * Fill in rows for missing data
     */
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        if ((1 << i) & missing_bm) {
            for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                inverse_rows[(l * k) + j] = decode_inverse[(i * k) + j];
            }
            l++;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Process missing parity.
     *
     * Start with an all-zero row.
     *
     * For each data element, if the data element is:
     *
     * Available: XOR the corresponding coefficient from the
     * encoding matrix.
     *
     * Unavailable: multiply corresponding coefficient with
     * the row that corresponds to the missing data in inverse_rows
     * and XOR the resulting row with this row.
     */
    for (i = k; i < n; i++) {
        // Parity is missing
        if ((1 << i) & missing_bm) {
            int d_idx_avail = 0;
            int d_idx_unavail = 0;
            for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
                // This data is available, so we can use the encode matrix
                if (((1 << j) & missing_bm) == 0) {
                    inverse_rows[(l * k) + d_idx_avail] ^= encode_matrix[(i * k) + j];
                    d_idx_avail++;
                } else {
                    mult_and_xor_row(&inverse_rows[l * k],
                                     &inverse_rows[d_idx_unavail * k],
                                     encode_matrix[(i * k) + j],
                                     k,
                                     gf_mul);
                    d_idx_unavail++;
                }
            }
            l++;
        }
    }
    return inverse_rows;
}
/* 
 * Note that the caller should always check realloc_bm during success or
 * failure to free buffers allocated here.  We could free up in this function,
 * but it is internal to this library and only used in a few places.  In any
 * case, the caller has to free up in the success case, so it may as well do
 * so in the failure case.
 */
int prepare_fragments_for_decode(
        int k, int m,
        char **data, char **parity,
        int  *missing_idxs,
        int *orig_size, int *fragment_payload_size, int fragment_size,
        uint64_t *realloc_bm)
{
    int i;                          /* a counter */
    unsigned long long missing_bm;  /* bitmap form of missing indexes list */
    int orig_data_size = -1;
    int payload_size = -1;

    missing_bm = convert_list_to_bitmap(missing_idxs);

    /*
     * Determine if each data fragment is:
     * 1.) Alloc'd: if not, alloc new buffer (for missing fragments)
     * 2.) Aligned to 16-byte boundaries: if not, alloc a new buffer
     *     memcpy the contents and free the old buffer
     */
    for (i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        /*
         * Allocate or replace with aligned buffer if the buffer was not
         * aligned.
         * DO NOT FREE: the python GC should free the original when cleaning up
         * 'data_list'
         */
        if (NULL == data[i]) {
            data[i] = alloc_fragment_buffer(fragment_size - sizeof(fragment_header_t));
            if (NULL == data[i]) {
                log_error("Could not allocate data buffer!");
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
            *realloc_bm = *realloc_bm | (1 << i);
        } else if (!is_addr_aligned((unsigned long)data[i], 16)) {
            char *tmp_buf = alloc_fragment_buffer(fragment_size - sizeof(fragment_header_t));
            if (NULL == tmp_buf) {
                log_error("Could not allocate temp buffer!");
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
            memcpy(tmp_buf, data[i], fragment_size);
            data[i] = tmp_buf;
            *realloc_bm = *realloc_bm | (1 << i);
        }

        /* Need to determine the size of the original data */
       if (((missing_bm & (1 << i)) == 0) && orig_data_size < 0) {
            orig_data_size = get_orig_data_size(data[i]);
            if (orig_data_size < 0) {
                log_error("Invalid orig_data_size in fragment header!");
                return -EBADHEADER;
            }
            payload_size = get_fragment_payload_size(data[i]);
            if (orig_data_size < 0) {
                log_error("Invalid fragment_size in fragment header!");
                return -EBADHEADER;
            }
       }
    }

    /* Perform the same allocation, alignment checks on the parity fragments */
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        /*
         * Allocate or replace with aligned buffer, if the buffer was not aligned.
         * DO NOT FREE: the python GC should free the original when cleaning up 'data_list'
         */
        if (NULL == parity[i]) {
            parity[i] = alloc_fragment_buffer(fragment_size-sizeof(fragment_header_t));
            if (NULL == parity[i]) {
                log_error("Could not allocate parity buffer!");
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
            *realloc_bm = *realloc_bm | (1 << (k + i));
        } else if (!is_addr_aligned((unsigned long)parity[i], 16)) {
            char *tmp_buf = alloc_fragment_buffer(fragment_size-sizeof(fragment_header_t));
            if (NULL == tmp_buf) {
                log_error("Could not allocate temp buffer!");
                return -ENOMEM;
            }
            memcpy(tmp_buf, parity[i], fragment_size);
            parity[i] = tmp_buf;
            *realloc_bm = *realloc_bm | (1 << (k + i));
        }

       /* Need to determine the size of the original data */
       if (((missing_bm & (1 << (k + i))) == 0) && orig_data_size < 0) {
            orig_data_size = get_orig_data_size(parity[i]);
            if (orig_data_size < 0) {
                log_error("Invalid orig_data_size in fragment header!");
                return -EBADHEADER;
            }
            payload_size = get_fragment_payload_size(parity[i]);
            if (orig_data_size < 0) {
                log_error("Invalid fragment_size in fragment header!");
                return -EBADHEADER;
            }
       }

    }

    *orig_size = orig_data_size;
    *fragment_payload_size = payload_size;

    return 0;
}