int asn1_check_mscat(struct cl_engine *engine, fmap_t *map, size_t offset, unsigned int size, uint8_t *computed_sha1) {
unsigned int content_size;
struct cli_asn1 c;
const void *content;
crtmgr certs;
int ret;
if (!(engine->dconf->pe & PE_CONF_CERTS))
return CL_VIRUS;
if (engine->engine_options & ENGINE_OPTIONS_DISABLE_PE_CERTS)
return CL_VIRUS;
cli_dbgmsg("in asn1_check_mscat (offset: %llu)\n", (long long unsigned)offset);
crtmgr_init(&certs);
if(crtmgr_add_roots(engine, &certs)) {
crtmgr_free(&certs);
return CL_VIRUS;
}
ret = asn1_parse_mscat(map, offset, size, &certs, 1, &content, &content_size, engine);
crtmgr_free(&certs);
if(ret)
return CL_VIRUS;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, content, &content_size, &c, 0x30))
return CL_VIRUS;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &c.content, &c.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_SPC_PE_IMAGE_DATA_OBJID), OID_SPC_PE_IMAGE_DATA_OBJID))
return CL_VIRUS;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, c.next, &content_size, &c, 0x30))
return CL_VIRUS;
if(content_size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_check_mscat: extra data in content\n");
return CL_VIRUS;
}
if(asn1_expect_algo(map, &c.content, &c.size, lenof(OID_sha1), OID_sha1))
return CL_VIRUS;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &c.content, &c.size, 0x04, SHA1_HASH_SIZE, computed_sha1))
return CL_VIRUS;
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_check_mscat: file with valid authenicode signature, whitelisted\n");
return CL_CLEAN;
}
int crtmgr_add_roots(struct cl_engine *engine, crtmgr *m) {
cli_crt *crt;
/*
* Certs are cached in engine->cmgr. Copy from there.
*/
if (m != &(engine->cmgr)) {
for (crt = engine->cmgr.crts; crt != NULL; crt = crt->next) {
if (crtmgr_add(m, crt)) {
crtmgr_free(m);
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
return 0;
}
static int asn1_parse_mscat(fmap_t *map, size_t offset, unsigned int size, crtmgr *cmgr, int embedded, const void **hashes, unsigned int *hashes_size, struct cl_engine *engine) {
struct cli_asn1 asn1, deep, deeper;
uint8_t sha1[SHA1_HASH_SIZE], issuer[SHA1_HASH_SIZE], md[SHA1_HASH_SIZE], serial[SHA1_HASH_SIZE];
const uint8_t *message, *attrs;
unsigned int dsize, message_size, attrs_size;
cli_crt_hashtype hashtype;
cli_crt *x509;
void *ctx;
int result;
int isBlacklisted = 0;
cli_dbgmsg("in asn1_parse_mscat\n");
do {
if(!(message = fmap_need_off_once(map, offset, 1))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read pkcs#7 entry\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, message, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* SEQUENCE */
break;
/* if(size) { */
/* cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: found extra data after pkcs#7 %u\n", size); */
/* break; */
/* } */
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &size, 0x06, lenof(OID_signedData), OID_signedData)) /* OBJECT 1.2.840.113549.1.7.2 - contentType = signedData */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0xa0)) /* [0] - content */
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: found extra data in pkcs#7\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* SEQUENCE */
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: found extra data in signedData\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &size, 0x02, 1, "\x01")) /* INTEGER - VERSION 1 */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x31)) /* SET OF DigestAlgorithmIdentifier */
break;
if(asn1_expect_algo(map, &asn1.content, &asn1.size, lenof(OID_sha1), OID_sha1)) /* DigestAlgorithmIdentifier[0] == sha1 */
break;
if(asn1.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: only one digestAlgorithmIdentifier is allowed\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* SEQUENCE - contentInfo */
break;
/* Here there is either a PKCS #7 ContentType Object Identifier for Certificate Trust List (szOID_CTL)
* or a single SPC_INDIRECT_DATA_OBJID */
if(
(!embedded && asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &asn1.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_szOID_CTL), OID_szOID_CTL)) ||
(embedded && asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &asn1.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_SPC_INDIRECT_DATA_OBJID), OID_SPC_INDIRECT_DATA_OBJID))
)
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &asn1.size, &deep, 0xa0))
break;
if(asn1.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: found extra data in contentInfo\n");
break;
}
dsize = deep.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.content, &dsize, &deep, 0x30))
break;
if(dsize) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: found extra data in content\n");
break;
}
*hashes = deep.content;
*hashes_size = deep.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0xa0)) /* certificates */
break;
dsize = asn1.size;
if(dsize) {
crtmgr newcerts;
crtmgr_init(&newcerts);
while(dsize) {
if(asn1_get_x509(map, &asn1.content, &dsize, cmgr, &newcerts)) {
dsize = 1;
break;
}
}
if(dsize)
break;
if(newcerts.crts) {
x509 = newcerts.crts;
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: %u new certificates collected\n", newcerts.items);
while(x509) {
cli_crt *parent = crtmgr_verify_crt(cmgr, x509);
/* Dump the cert if requested before anything happens to it */
if (engine->dconf->pe & PE_CONF_DUMPCERT) {
char issuer[SHA1_HASH_SIZE*2+1], subject[SHA1_HASH_SIZE*2+1], serial[SHA1_HASH_SIZE*2+1];
char mod[1024], exp[1024];
int j=1024;
fp_toradix_n(&x509->n, mod, 16, j);
fp_toradix_n(&x509->e, exp, 16, j);
for (j=0; j < SHA1_HASH_SIZE; j++) {
sprintf(&issuer[j*2], "%02x", x509->issuer[j]);
sprintf(&subject[j*2], "%02x", x509->subject[j]);
sprintf(&serial[j*2], "%02x", x509->serial[j]);
}
cli_dbgmsg_internal("cert subject:%s serial:%s pubkey:%s i:%s %lu->%lu %s %s %s\n", subject, serial, mod, issuer, (unsigned long)x509->not_before, (unsigned long)x509->not_after, x509->certSign ? "cert" : "", x509->codeSign ? "code" : "", x509->timeSign ? "time" : "");
}
if(parent) {
if (parent->isBlacklisted) {
isBlacklisted = 1;
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: Authenticode certificate %s is revoked. Flagging sample as virus.\n", (parent->name ? parent->name : "(no name)"));
}
x509->codeSign &= parent->codeSign;
x509->timeSign &= parent->timeSign;
if(crtmgr_add(cmgr, x509))
break;
crtmgr_del(&newcerts, x509);
x509 = newcerts.crts;
continue;
}
x509 = x509->next;
}
if(x509)
break;
if(newcerts.items)
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: %u certificates did not verify\n", newcerts.items);
crtmgr_free(&newcerts);
}
}
if(asn1_get_obj(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1))
break;
if(asn1.type == 0xa1 && asn1_get_obj(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1)) /* crls - unused shouldn't be present */
break;
if(asn1.type != 0x31) { /* signerInfos */
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: unexpected type %02x for signerInfos\n", asn1.type);
break;
}
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: unexpected extra data after signerInfos\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30))
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: only one signerInfo shall be present\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &size, 0x02, 1, "\x01")) /* Version = 1 */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* issuerAndSerialNumber */
break;
dsize = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &dsize, &deep, 0x30)) /* issuer */
break;
if(map_sha1(map, deep.content, deep.size, issuer))
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.next, &dsize, &deep, 0x02)) /* serial */
break;
if(map_sha1(map, deep.content, deep.size, serial))
break;
if(dsize) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside issuerAndSerialNumber\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_algo(map, &asn1.next, &size, lenof(OID_sha1), OID_sha1)) /* digestAlgorithm == sha1 */
break;
attrs = asn1.next;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0xa0)) /* authenticatedAttributes */
break;
attrs_size = (uint8_t *)(asn1.next) - attrs;
if(attrs_size < 2) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: authenticatedAttributes size is too small\n");
break;
}
dsize = asn1.size;
deep.next = asn1.content;
result = 0;
while(dsize) {
struct cli_asn1 cobj;
int content;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.next, &dsize, &deep, 0x30)) { /* attribute */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.content, &deep.size, &deeper, 0x06)) { /* attribute type */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(deeper.size != lenof(OID_contentType))
continue;
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, deeper.content, lenof(OID_contentType))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read authenticated attribute\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(!memcmp(deeper.content, OID_contentType, lenof(OID_contentType)))
content = 0; /* contentType */
else if(!memcmp(deeper.content, OID_messageDigest, lenof(OID_messageDigest)))
content = 1; /* messageDigest */
else
continue;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deeper.next, &deep.size, &deeper, 0x31)) { /* set - contents */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(deep.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in authenticated attributes\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(result & (1<<content)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: contentType or messageDigest appear twice\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(content == 0) { /* contentType */
if(
(!embedded && asn1_expect_obj(map, &deeper.content, &deeper.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_szOID_CTL), OID_szOID_CTL)) || /* cat file */
(embedded && asn1_expect_obj(map, &deeper.content, &deeper.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_SPC_INDIRECT_DATA_OBJID), OID_SPC_INDIRECT_DATA_OBJID)) /* embedded cat */
) {
dsize = 1;
break;
}
result |= 1;
} else { /* messageDigest */
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deeper.content, &deeper.size, &cobj, 0x04)) {
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(cobj.size != SHA1_HASH_SIZE) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: messageDigest attribute has got the wrong size (%u)\n", cobj.size);
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, cobj.content, SHA1_HASH_SIZE)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read authenticated attribute\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
memcpy(md, cobj.content, SHA1_HASH_SIZE);
result |= 2;
}
if(deeper.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in authenticated attribute\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
}
if(dsize)
break;
if(result != 3) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: contentType or messageDigest are missing\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_algo(map, &asn1.next, &size, lenof(OID_rsaEncryption), OID_rsaEncryption)) /* digestEncryptionAlgorithm == sha1 */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0x04)) /* encryptedDigest */
break;
if(asn1.size > 513) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: encryptedDigest too long\n");
break;
}
if(map_sha1(map, *hashes, *hashes_size, sha1))
break;
if(memcmp(sha1, md, sizeof(sha1))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: messageDigest mismatch\n");
break;
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, attrs, attrs_size)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read authenticatedAttributes\n");
break;
}
ctx = cl_hash_init("sha1");
if (!(ctx))
break;
cl_update_hash(ctx, "\x31", 1);
cl_update_hash(ctx, (void *)(attrs + 1), attrs_size - 1);
cl_finish_hash(ctx, sha1);
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, asn1.content, asn1.size)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read encryptedDigest\n");
break;
}
if(!(x509 = crtmgr_verify_pkcs7(cmgr, issuer, serial, asn1.content, asn1.size, CLI_SHA1RSA, sha1, VRFY_CODE))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: pkcs7 signature verification failed\n");
break;
}
message = asn1.content;
message_size = asn1.size;
if(!size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: countersignature is missing\n");
break;
}
if(size && asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0xa1)) /* unauthenticatedAttributes */
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside signerInfo\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30))
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside unauthenticatedAttributes\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
/* 1.2.840.113549.1.9.6 - counterSignature */
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &size, 0x06, lenof(OID_countersignature), OID_countersignature))
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x31))
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside counterSignature\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30))
break;
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside unauthenticatedAttributes\n");
break;
}
size = asn1.size;
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &asn1.content, &size, 0x02, 1, "\x01")) /* Version = 1*/
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* issuerAndSerialNumber */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &asn1.size, &deep, 0x30)) /* issuer */
break;
if(map_sha1(map, deep.content, deep.size, issuer))
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.next, &asn1.size, &deep, 0x02)) /* serial */
break;
if(map_sha1(map, deep.content, deep.size, serial))
break;
if(asn1.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside countersignature issuer\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* digestAlgorithm */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &asn1.size, &deep, 0x06))
break;
if(deep.size != lenof(OID_sha1) && deep.size != lenof(OID_md5)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: wrong digestAlgorithm size\n");
break;
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, deep.content, deep.size)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read digestAlgorithm OID\n");
break;
}
if(deep.size == lenof(OID_sha1) && !memcmp(deep.content, OID_sha1, lenof(OID_sha1))) {
hashtype = CLI_SHA1RSA;
if(map_sha1(map, message, message_size, md))
break;
} else if(deep.size == lenof(OID_md5) && !memcmp(deep.content, OID_md5, lenof(OID_md5))) {
hashtype = CLI_MD5RSA;
if(map_md5(map, message, message_size, md))
break;
} else {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: unknown digest oid in countersignature\n");
break;
}
if(asn1.size && asn1_expect_obj(map, &deep.next, &asn1.size, 0x05, 0, NULL))
break;
if(asn1.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in countersignature oid\n");
break;
}
attrs = asn1.next;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0xa0)) /* authenticatedAttributes */
break;
attrs_size = (uint8_t *)(asn1.next) - attrs;
if(attrs_size < 2) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: countersignature authenticatedAttributes are too small\n");
break;
}
result = 0;
dsize = asn1.size;
deep.next = asn1.content;
while(dsize) {
int content;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.next, &dsize, &deep, 0x30)) { /* attribute */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deep.content, &deep.size, &deeper, 0x06)) { /* attribute type */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(deeper.size != lenof(OID_contentType)) /* lenof(contentType) = lenof(messageDigest) = lenof(signingTime) = 9 */
continue;
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, deeper.content, lenof(OID_contentType))) {
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(!memcmp(deeper.content, OID_contentType, lenof(OID_contentType)))
content = 0; /* contentType */
else if(!memcmp(deeper.content, OID_messageDigest, lenof(OID_messageDigest)))
content = 1; /* messageDigest */
else if(!memcmp(deeper.content, OID_signingTime, lenof(OID_signingTime)))
content = 2; /* signingTime */
else
continue;
if(result & (1<<content)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: duplicate field in countersignature\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
result |= (1<<content);
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, deeper.next, &deep.size, &deeper, 0x31)) { /* attribute type */
dsize = 1;
break;
}
if(deep.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in countersignature value\n");
dsize = 1;
break;
}
deep.size = deeper.size;
switch(content) {
case 0: /* contentType = pkcs7-data */
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &deeper.content, &deep.size, 0x06, lenof(OID_pkcs7_data), OID_pkcs7_data))
deep.size = 1;
else if(deep.size)
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in countersignature content-type\n");
break;
case 1: /* messageDigest */
if(asn1_expect_obj(map, &deeper.content, &deep.size, 0x04, (hashtype == CLI_SHA1RSA) ? SHA1_HASH_SIZE : 16, md)) {
deep.size = 1;
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: countersignature hash mismatch\n");
} else if(deep.size)
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in countersignature message-digest\n");
break;
case 2: /* signingTime */
{
time_t sigdate; /* FIXME shall i use it?! */
if(asn1_get_time(map, &deeper.content, &deep.size, &sigdate))
deep.size = 1;
else if(deep.size)
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in countersignature signing-time\n");
else if(sigdate < x509->not_before || sigdate > x509->not_after) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: countersignature timestamp outside cert validity\n");
deep.size = 1;
}
break;
}
}
if(deep.size) {
dsize = 1;
break;
}
}
if(dsize)
break;
if(result != 7) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: some important attributes are missing in countersignature\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0x30)) /* digestEncryptionAlgorithm == sha1 */
break;
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.content, &asn1.size, &deep, 0x06)) /* digestEncryptionAlgorithm == sha1 */
break;
if(deep.size != lenof(OID_rsaEncryption)) { /* lenof(OID_rsaEncryption) = lenof(OID_sha1WithRSAEncryption) = 9 */
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: wrong digestEncryptionAlgorithm size in countersignature\n");
break;
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, deep.content, lenof(OID_rsaEncryption))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: cannot read digestEncryptionAlgorithm in countersignature\n");
break;
}
/* rsaEncryption or sha1withRSAEncryption */
if(memcmp(deep.content, OID_rsaEncryption, lenof(OID_rsaEncryption)) && memcmp(deep.content, OID_sha1WithRSAEncryption, lenof(OID_sha1WithRSAEncryption))) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: digestEncryptionAlgorithm in countersignature is not sha1\n");
break;
}
if(asn1.size && asn1_expect_obj(map, &deep.next, &asn1.size, 0x05, 0, NULL))
break;
if(asn1.size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data in digestEncryptionAlgorithm in countersignature\n");
break;
}
if(asn1_expect_objtype(map, asn1.next, &size, &asn1, 0x04)) /* encryptedDigest */
break;
if(asn1.size > 513) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: countersignature encryptedDigest too long\n");
break;
}
if(size) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: extra data inside countersignature\n");
break;
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, attrs, attrs_size)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read authenticatedAttributes\n");
break;
}
if(hashtype == CLI_SHA1RSA) {
ctx = cl_hash_init("sha1");
if (!(ctx))
break;
cl_update_hash(ctx, "\x31", 1);
cl_update_hash(ctx, (void *)(attrs + 1), attrs_size - 1);
cl_finish_hash(ctx, sha1);
} else {
ctx = cl_hash_init("md5");
if (!(ctx))
break;
cl_update_hash(ctx, "\x31", 1);
cl_update_hash(ctx, (void *)(attrs + 1), attrs_size - 1);
cl_finish_hash(ctx, sha1);
}
if(!fmap_need_ptr_once(map, asn1.content, asn1.size)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to read countersignature encryptedDigest\n");
break;
}
if(!crtmgr_verify_pkcs7(cmgr, issuer, serial, asn1.content, asn1.size, hashtype, sha1, VRFY_TIME)) {
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: pkcs7 countersignature verification failed\n");
break;
}
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: catalog successfully parsed\n");
if (isBlacklisted) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
} while(0);
cli_dbgmsg("asn1_parse_mscat: failed to parse catalog\n");
return 1;
}