static void duk__mark_roots_heap(duk_heap *heap) {
	int i;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_roots_heap: %p", (void *) heap));

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_thread);
	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_object);
	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->log_buffer);

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS; i++) {
		duk_hstring *h = heap->strs[i];
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
	}

	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value1);
	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value2);
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_roots_heap(duk_heap *heap) {
	duk_small_uint_t i;

	DUK_DD(DUK_DDPRINT("duk__mark_roots_heap: %p", (void *) heap));

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_thread);
	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->heap_object);

	for (i = 0; i < DUK_HEAP_NUM_STRINGS; i++) {
		duk_hstring *h = DUK_HEAP_GET_STRING(heap, i);
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h);
	}

	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value1);
	duk__mark_tval(heap, &heap->lj.value2);

#if defined(DUK_USE_DEBUGGER_SUPPORT)
	for (i = 0; i < heap->dbg_breakpoint_count; i++) {
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) heap->dbg_breakpoints[i].filename);
	}
#endif
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_hobject(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_hobject: %p", (void *) h));

	DUK_ASSERT(h);

	/* XXX: use advancing pointers instead of index macros -> faster and smaller? */

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
		duk_hstring *key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, h, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) key);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, h, i)) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.get);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.set);
		} else {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->v);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
		duk__mark_tval(heap, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i));
	}

	/* hash part is a 'weak reference' and does not contribute */

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap, h));

	/* XXX: rearrange bits to allow a switch case to be used here? */
	/* XXX: add a fast path for objects (and arrays)? */
	/* DUK_HOBJECT_IS_ARRAY(h): needs no special handling now as there are
	 * no extra fields in need of marking.
	 */
	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPFUNC(h)) {
		duk_hcompfunc *f = (duk_hcompfunc *) h;
		duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
		duk_hobject **fn, **fn_end;

		/* 'data' is reachable through every compiled function which
		 * contains a reference.
		 */

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_DATA(heap, f));
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_LEXENV(heap, f));
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_VARENV(heap, f));

		if (DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_DATA(heap, f) != NULL) {
			tv = DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_CONSTS_BASE(heap, f);
			tv_end = DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_CONSTS_END(heap, f);
			while (tv < tv_end) {
				duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
				tv++;
			}

			fn = DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_FUNCS_BASE(heap, f);
			fn_end = DUK_HCOMPFUNC_GET_FUNCS_END(heap, f);
			while (fn < fn_end) {
				duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) *fn);
				fn++;
			}
		} else {
			/* May happen in some out-of-memory corner cases. */
			DUK_D(DUK_DPRINT("duk_hcompfunc 'data' is NULL, skipping marking"));
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATFUNC(h)) {
		duk_hnatfunc *f = (duk_hnatfunc *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* nothing to mark */
#if defined(DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT)
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFOBJ(h)) {
		duk_hbufobj *b = (duk_hbufobj *) h;
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) b->buf);
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) b->buf_prop);
#endif  /* DUK_USE_BUFFEROBJECT_SUPPORT */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = t->valstack;
		while (tv < t->valstack_top) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->callstack_top; i++) {
			duk_activation *act = t->callstack + i;
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act));
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env);
#if defined(DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY)
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->prev_caller);
#endif
		}

#if 0  /* nothing now */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = t->catchstack + i;
		}
#endif

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->resumer);

		/* XXX: duk_small_uint_t would be enough for this loop */
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->builtins[i]);
		}
	}
}
static void duk__mark_hobject(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_hobject: %p", (void *) h));

	DUK_ASSERT(h);

	/* XXX: use advancing pointers instead of index macros -> faster and smaller? */

	for (i = 0; i < h->e_used; i++) {
		duk_hstring *key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(h, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) key);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(h, i)) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(h, i)->a.get);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(h, i)->a.set);
		} else {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(h, i)->v);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < h->a_size; i++) {
		duk__mark_tval(heap, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(h, i));
	}

	/* hash part is a 'weak reference' and does not contribute */

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) h->prototype);

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
		duk_hobject **funcs, **funcs_end;

		/* 'data' is reachable through every compiled function which
		 * contains a reference.
		 */

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) f->data);

		tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(f);
		tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(f);
		while (tv < tv_end) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		funcs = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(f);
		funcs_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(f);
		while (funcs < funcs_end) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) *funcs);
			funcs++;
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* nothing to mark */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = t->valstack;
		while (tv < t->valstack_end) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < t->callstack_top; i++) {
			duk_activation *act = &t->callstack[i];
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->func);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env);
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->prev_caller);
#endif
		}

#if 0  /* nothing now */
		for (i = 0; i < t->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = &t->catchstack[i];
		}
#endif

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->resumer);

		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->builtins[i]);
		}
	}
}
DUK_LOCAL void duk__mark_hobject(duk_heap *heap, duk_hobject *h) {
	duk_uint_fast32_t i;

	DUK_DDD(DUK_DDDPRINT("duk__mark_hobject: %p", (void *) h));

	DUK_ASSERT(h);

	/* XXX: use advancing pointers instead of index macros -> faster and smaller? */

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ENEXT(h); i++) {
		duk_hstring *key = DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_KEY(heap, h, i);
		if (!key) {
			continue;
		}
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) key);
		if (DUK_HOBJECT_E_SLOT_IS_ACCESSOR(heap, h, i)) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.get);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->a.set);
		} else {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, &DUK_HOBJECT_E_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i)->v);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_ASIZE(h); i++) {
		duk__mark_tval(heap, DUK_HOBJECT_A_GET_VALUE_PTR(heap, h, i));
	}

	/* hash part is a 'weak reference' and does not contribute */

	duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HOBJECT_GET_PROTOTYPE(heap, h));

	if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_COMPILEDFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hcompiledfunction *f = (duk_hcompiledfunction *) h;
		duk_tval *tv, *tv_end;
		duk_hobject **fn, **fn_end;

		/* 'data' is reachable through every compiled function which
		 * contains a reference.
		 */

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_DATA(heap, f));

		tv = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_BASE(heap, f);
		tv_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_CONSTS_END(heap, f);
		while (tv < tv_end) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		fn = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_BASE(heap, f);
		fn_end = DUK_HCOMPILEDFUNCTION_GET_FUNCS_END(heap, f);
		while (fn < fn_end) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) *fn);
			fn++;
		}
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_NATIVEFUNCTION(h)) {
		duk_hnativefunction *f = (duk_hnativefunction *) h;
		DUK_UNREF(f);
		/* nothing to mark */
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_BUFFEROBJECT(h)) {
		duk_hbufferobject *b = (duk_hbufferobject *) h;
		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) b->buf);
	} else if (DUK_HOBJECT_IS_THREAD(h)) {
		duk_hthread *t = (duk_hthread *) h;
		duk_tval *tv;

		tv = t->valstack;
		while (tv < t->valstack_top) {
			duk__mark_tval(heap, tv);
			tv++;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->callstack_top; i++) {
			duk_activation *act = t->callstack + i;
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) DUK_ACT_GET_FUNC(act));
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->var_env);
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->lex_env);
#ifdef DUK_USE_NONSTD_FUNC_CALLER_PROPERTY
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) act->prev_caller);
#endif
		}

#if 0  /* nothing now */
		for (i = 0; i < (duk_uint_fast32_t) t->catchstack_top; i++) {
			duk_catcher *cat = t->catchstack + i;
		}
#endif

		duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->resumer);

		/* XXX: duk_small_uint_t would be enough for this loop */
		for (i = 0; i < DUK_NUM_BUILTINS; i++) {
			duk__mark_heaphdr(heap, (duk_heaphdr *) t->builtins[i]);
		}
	}
}